51
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Germline alterations in a consecutive series of acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2018; 32:2282-2285. [DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0049-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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52
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Grgurevic S, Montilla-Perez P, Bradbury A, Gilhodes J, Queille S, Pelofy S, Bancaud A, Filleron T, Ysebaert L, Récher C, Laurent G, Fournié JJ, Cazaux C, Quillet-Mary A, Hoffmann JS. DNA polymerase ν gene expression influences fludarabine resistance in chronic lymphocytic leukemia independently of p53 status. Haematologica 2018; 103:1038-1046. [PMID: 29567785 PMCID: PMC6058778 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.174243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Alteration in the DNA replication, repair or recombination processes is a highly relevant mechanism of genomic instability. Despite genomic aberrations manifested in hematologic malignancies, such a defect as a source of biomarkers has been underexplored. Here, we investigated the prognostic value of expression of 82 genes involved in DNA replication-repair-recombination in a series of 99 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia without detectable 17p deletion or TP53 mutation. We found that expression of the POLN gene, encoding the specialized DNA polymerase ν (Pol ν) correlates with time to relapse after first-line therapy with fludarabine. Moreover, we found that POLN was the only gene up-regulated in primary patients’ lymphocytes when exposed in vitro to proliferative and pro-survival stimuli. By using two cell lines that were sequentially established from the same patient during the course of the disease and Pol ν knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts, we reveal that high relative POLN expression is important for DNA synthesis and cell survival upon fludarabine treatment. These findings suggest that Pol ν could influence therapeutic resistance in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. (Patients’ samples were obtained from the CLL 2007 FMP clinical trial registered at: clinicaltrials.gov identifer: 00564512).
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Affiliation(s)
- Srdana Grgurevic
- CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, UPS, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer, France
| | - Patricia Montilla-Perez
- CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, UPS, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer, France
| | | | - Julia Gilhodes
- Clinical Trials Office - Biostatistics Unit, Institute Claudius Regaud, Institute Universitaire du Cancer Toulouse-Oncopole (IUCT-O), Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie Queille
- CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, UPS, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer, France
| | | | | | - Thomas Filleron
- Clinical Trials Office - Biostatistics Unit, Institute Claudius Regaud, Institute Universitaire du Cancer Toulouse-Oncopole (IUCT-O), Toulouse, France
| | - Loïc Ysebaert
- Department of Hematology, Institut Universitaire du Cancer Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Christian Récher
- Department of Hematology, Institut Universitaire du Cancer Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Guy Laurent
- Department of Hematology, Institut Universitaire du Cancer Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Fournié
- CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, UPS, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer, France
| | - Christophe Cazaux
- CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, UPS, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer, France
| | - Anne Quillet-Mary
- CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, UPS, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer, France
| | - Jean-Sébastien Hoffmann
- CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, UPS, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer, France
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53
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Rimmelé P, Esposito M, Delestré L, Guervilly JH, Ridinger-Saison M, Despras E, Moreau-Gachelin F, Rosselli F, Guillouf C. The Spi1/PU.1 transcription factor accelerates replication fork progression by increasing PP1 phosphatase in leukemia. Oncotarget 2018; 8:37104-37114. [PMID: 28415748 PMCID: PMC5514894 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogenes trigger replicative stress that can lead to genetic instability, which participates in cancer progression. Thus, determining how cells cope with replicative stress can help our understanding of oncogenesis and lead to the identification of new antitumor treatment targets. We previously showed that constitutive overexpression of the oncogenic transcription factor Spi1/PU.1 leads to pre-leukemic cells that have a shortened S phase duration with an increased replication fork speed and increased mutability in the absence of DNA breaks. Here, we demonstrate that the S phase checkpoint protein CHK1 is maintained in a low phosphorylation state in Spi1/PU.1-overexpressing cells and provide evidence that this is not due to negative control of its primary kinase ATR. Notably, we found that the expression of the CHK1 phosphatase PP1α is increased in Spi1/PU.1-overexpressing cells. By exogenously modulating its activity, we demonstrate that PP1α is required to maintain CHK1 in a dephosphorylated state and, more importantly, that it is responsible for the accelerated replication fork progression in Spi1/PU.1-overexpressing cells. These results identify a novel pathway by which an oncogene influences replication in the absence of DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michela Esposito
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Inserm U1170, Villejuif, France
| | - Laure Delestré
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Inserm U1170, Villejuif, France
| | - Jean-Hugues Guervilly
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,CNRS UMR8200, Equipe Labellisée La Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Emmanuelle Despras
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,CNRS UMR8200, Equipe Labellisée La Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Filippo Rosselli
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,CNRS UMR8200, Equipe Labellisée La Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | - Christel Guillouf
- Institut Curie, Paris, France.,Inserm U830, Paris, France.,Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Inserm U1170, Villejuif, France.,CNRS, Paris, France
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54
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Di Tullio A, Rouault-Pierre K, Abarrategi A, Mian S, Grey W, Gribben J, Stewart A, Blackwood E, Bonnet D. The combination of CHK1 inhibitor with G-CSF overrides cytarabine resistance in human acute myeloid leukemia. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1679. [PMID: 29162833 PMCID: PMC5698422 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01834-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytarabine (AraC) represents the most effective single agent treatment for AML. Nevertheless, overriding AraC resistance in AML remains an unmet medical need. Here we show that the CHK1 inhibitor (CHK1i) GDC-0575 enhances AraC-mediated killing of AML cells both in vitro and in vivo, thus abrogating any potential chemoresistance mechanisms involving DNA repair. Importantly, this combination of drugs does not affect normal long-term hematopoietic stem/progenitors. Moreover, the addition of CHK1i to AraC does not generate de novo mutations and in patients' samples where AraC is mutagenic, addition of CHK1i appears to eliminate the generation of mutant clones. Finally, we observe that persistent residual leukemic cells are quiescent and can become responsive to the treatment when forced into cycle via granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) administration. This drug combination (AraC+CHK1i+G-CSF) will open the doors for a more efficient treatment of AML in the clinic.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/administration & dosage
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Checkpoint Kinase 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Cytarabine/administration & dosage
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Female
- Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor/administration & dosage
- HL-60 Cells
- Hematopoiesis/drug effects
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Mutation/drug effects
- Piperidines/administration & dosage
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/administration & dosage
- Pyridines/administration & dosage
- Pyrroles/administration & dosage
- U937 Cells
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Di Tullio
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT, London, UK
| | - Kevin Rouault-Pierre
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT, London, UK
- Department of Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Chaterhouse Square, EC1M 6BQ, London, UK
| | - Ander Abarrategi
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT, London, UK
| | - Syed Mian
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT, London, UK
- King's College London School of Medicine, Department of Haematological Medicine, The Rayne Institute, 123 Coldharbour Lane, SE5 9NU, London, UK
| | - William Grey
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT, London, UK
| | - John Gribben
- Department of Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Chaterhouse Square, EC1M 6BQ, London, UK
| | - Aengus Stewart
- Bioinformatic Core, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT, London, UK
| | | | - Dominique Bonnet
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT, London, UK.
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55
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Schuler F, Weiss JG, Lindner SE, Lohmüller M, Herzog S, Spiegl SF, Menke P, Geley S, Labi V, Villunger A. Checkpoint kinase 1 is essential for normal B cell development and lymphomagenesis. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1697. [PMID: 29167438 PMCID: PMC5700047 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01850-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) is critical for intrinsic cell cycle control and coordination of cell cycle progression in response to DNA damage. Despite its essential function, CHK1 has been identified as a target to kill cancer cells and studies using Chk1 haploinsufficient mice initially suggested a role as tumor suppressor. Here, we report on the key role of CHK1 in normal B-cell development, lymphomagenesis and cell survival. Chemical CHK1 inhibition induces BCL2-regulated apoptosis in primary as well as malignant B-cells and CHK1 expression levels control the timing of lymphomagenesis in mice. Moreover, total ablation of Chk1 in B-cells arrests their development at the pro-B cell stage, a block that, surprisingly, cannot be overcome by inhibition of mitochondrial apoptosis, as cell cycle arrest is initiated as an alternative fate to limit the spread of damaged DNA. Our findings define CHK1 as essential in B-cell development and potent target to treat blood cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Schuler
- Division of Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes G Weiss
- Division of Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Silke E Lindner
- Division of Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Lohmüller
- Division of Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sebastian Herzog
- Division of Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Simon F Spiegl
- Division of Molecular Pathophysiology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Philipp Menke
- Division of Molecular Pathophysiology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stephan Geley
- Division of Molecular Pathophysiology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Verena Labi
- Division of Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Villunger
- Division of Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria. .,Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innrain 66, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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56
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David L, Manenti S, Récher C, Hoffmann JS, Didier C. Targeting ATR/CHK1 pathway in acute myeloid leukemia to overcome chemoresistance. Mol Cell Oncol 2017; 4:e1289293. [PMID: 29057300 DOI: 10.1080/23723556.2017.1289293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Resistance of acute myeloid leukemia to current therapies leads to frequent relapses. Identification of molecular mechanisms involved in chemoresistance constitutes a key challenge to define new therapeutic concepts. Here, we show that the ATR/CHK1 pathway, essential in maintaining genomic stability, is involved in resistance and proliferation characteristics of leukemic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure David
- Equipe Labellisée, La Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Toulouse, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer Labex TOUCAN, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM U1037, CNRS ERL5294, Toulouse, France.,Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphane Manenti
- Equipe Labellisée, La Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Toulouse, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer Labex TOUCAN, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM U1037, CNRS ERL5294, Toulouse, France.,Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Christian Récher
- Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer Labex TOUCAN, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM U1037, CNRS ERL5294, Toulouse, France.,Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,Service d'hématologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Sébastien Hoffmann
- Equipe Labellisée, La Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Toulouse, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer Labex TOUCAN, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM U1037, CNRS ERL5294, Toulouse, France.,Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Christine Didier
- Equipe Labellisée, La Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Toulouse, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer Labex TOUCAN, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM U1037, CNRS ERL5294, Toulouse, France.,Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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57
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Randomized phase II trial of cytosine arabinoside with and without the CHK1 inhibitor MK-8776 in relapsed and refractory acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Res 2017; 61:108-116. [PMID: 28957699 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cytosine arabinoside (AraC) remains the backbone of most treatment regimens for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Incorporation of AraC into DNA activates checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1), leading to cell-cycle arrest and diminished AraC cytotoxicity, which can be reversed by the selective Chk1 inhibitor MK-8776. Building on a Phase I trial, we conducted a phase II trial comparing timed sequential AraC with or without MK-8776. METHODS Patients with relapsed or primary refractory AML were randomized 1:1 to receive either AraC with MK-8776 (Arm A); or AraC alone (Arm B). RESULTS 32 patients were treated: 14 assigned to Arm A and 18 to Arm B. There were 5 (36%) complete responses (CR/CRi) and 1 (7%) partial response (PR) in Arm A, and 8 (44%) CR/CRis and 1 (6%) PR in Arm B. Median survival did not differ significantly between the two groups (5.9months in Arm A vs. 4.5 months in Arm B). MK-8776 led to a robust increase in DNA damage in circulating leukemic blasts as measured by increased γ-H2AX (16.9%±6.1% prior and 36.4%±6.8% at one hour after MK-8776 infusion, p=0.016). CONCLUSION Response rates and survival were similar between the two groups in spite of evidence that MK-8776 augmented DNA damage in circulating leukemic blasts. Better than expected results in the control arm using timed sequential AraC and truncated patient enrollment may have limited the ability to detect clinical benefit from the combination.
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58
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Suzuki M, Yamamori T, Bo T, Sakai Y, Inanami O. MK-8776, a novel Chk1 inhibitor, exhibits an improved radiosensitizing effect compared to UCN-01 by exacerbating radiation-induced aberrant mitosis. Transl Oncol 2017; 10:491-500. [PMID: 28550769 PMCID: PMC5447387 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) is an evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine kinase that plays an important role in G2/M checkpoint signaling. Here, we evaluate the radiosensitizing effects of a novel selective Chk1 inhibitor MK-8776, comparing its efficacy with a first-generation Chk1 inhibitor UCN-01, and attempt to elucidate the mechanism of radiosensitization. In a clonogenic survival assay, MK-8776 demonstrated a more pronounced radiosensitizing effect than UCN-01, with lower cytotoxicity. Importantly, radiosensitization by MK-8776 can be achieved at doses as low as 2.5 Gy, which is a clinically applicable irradiation dose. MK-8776, but not UCN-01, exacerbated mitotic catastrophe (MC) and centrosome abnormalities, without affecting repair kinetics of DNA double strand breaks. Furthermore, live-cell imaging revealed that MK-8776 significantly abrogated the radiation-induced G2/M checkpoint, prolonged the mitotic phase, and enhanced aberrant mitosis. This suggests that Chk1 inhibition by MK-8776 activates a spindle assembly checkpoint and increases mitotic defects in irradiated EMT6 cells. In conclusion, we have shown that, at minimally toxic concentrations, MK-8776 enhances radiation-induced cell death through the enhancement of aberrant mitosis and MC, without affecting DNA damage repair.
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59
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Delia D, Mizutani S. The DNA damage response pathway in normal hematopoiesis and malignancies. Int J Hematol 2017; 106:328-334. [PMID: 28707218 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-017-2300-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In mammalian cells, the DNA damage response (DDR) prevents the replication and propagation of DNA errors to the next generation, thus maintaining genomic stability. At the heart of the DDR are the related signaling kinases ATM, ATR, and DNA-PK, which regulate DNA repair and associated events such as cell cycle checkpoints, chromatin remodeling, transcription, and ultimately apoptosis. Several findings highlight the occurrence of DDR in hemopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and persistence of DNA lesions in these cells promotes their functional decline and accumulation of leukemogenic mutations. Besides favoring tumor formation and progression, molecular defects that directly or indirectly inactivate certain DDR pathways can provide a therapeutic opportunity, since a reduced ability to repair DNA lesions renders hemopoietic malignancies vulnerable to genotoxic drugs acting also through synthetic lethal interactions. Here, we discuss the essential role of DDR in HSC maintenance and protection against leukemogenesis, and how acquired DDR dysfunctions or pharmacological agents that block this pathway can be effectively exploited for the treatment of various hematopoietic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Delia
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Shuki Mizutani
- Kawasaki North Center for Childhood Developmental Disorder/Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 5-26-1 Katahira, Aso-ku, Kawasaki, 215-0003, Japan
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60
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A novel function of hepatocyte growth factor in the activation of checkpoint kinase 1 phosphorylation in colon cancer cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 436:29-38. [PMID: 28573382 PMCID: PMC5674134 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3075-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The ATR/checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) pathway plays an essential role in modulating the DNA damage response and homologous recombination. Particularly, Chk1 phosphorylation is related to cancer prognosis and therapeutic resistance. Some receptor tyrosine kinases participate in the regulation of Chk1 phosphorylation; however, the effect of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) on Chk1 phosphorylation is unknown. In the present study, we demonstrated that HGF moderately activated Chk1 phosphorylation in colon cancer cells by upregulating TopBP1 and RAD51, and promoting TopBP1–ATR complex formation. Furthermore, AKT activity, which was promoted by HGF, served as an important mediator linking HGF/MET signaling and Chk1 phosphorylation. Depleting AKT activity attenuated basal expression of p-Chk1 and HGF-induced Chk1 activation. Moreover, AKT activity directly regulated TopBP1 and RAD51 expression. AKT inhibition suppressed HGF-induced upregulation of TopBP1 and RAD51, and enhanced TopBP1/ATR complex formation. Our results show that HGF was involved in regulating Chk1 phosphorylation, and further demonstrate that AKT activity was responsible for this HGF-induced Chk1 phosphorylation. These findings might potentially result in management of prognosis and therapeutic sensitivity in cancer therapy.
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61
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION AML therapy remains very challenging despite our increased understanding of its molecular heterogeneity. Outcomes with chemotherapy and targeted therapy remain poor. Targeting cell cycle regulators might complement chemotherapy and targeted therapy and help in improving outcomes. Areas covered: Here we cover the pre-clinical and clinical data for both for cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) and cell-cycle checkpoint inhibitors. While CDK inhibition can inhibit proliferation, checkpoint inhibitors can facilitate cell cycle progression in presence of DNA damage and can induce mitotic catastrophe. Expert opinion: Though the preclinical data for cell cycle inhibitors in AML is compelling, the clinical translation so far has proven to be challenging. This is a reflection of the complexity of both, AML and cell cycle regulators. However, early introduction of cell-cycle active agents in combination with chemotherapy or targeted agents, identifying right sequence of use and identifying right biomarkers might pave the way into successful clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Abou Zahr
- a Department of Leukemia , University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Gautam Borthakur
- a Department of Leukemia , University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
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62
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Lin AB, McNeely SC, Beckmann RP. Achieving Precision Death with Cell-Cycle Inhibitors that Target DNA Replication and Repair. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:3232-3240. [PMID: 28331049 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
All cancers are characterized by defects in the systems that ensure strict control of the cell cycle in normal tissues. The consequent excess tissue growth can be countered by drugs that halt cell division, and, indeed, the majority of chemotherapeutics developed during the last century work by disrupting processes essential for the cell cycle, particularly DNA synthesis, DNA replication, and chromatid segregation. In certain contexts, the efficacy of these classes of drugs can be impressive, but because they indiscriminately block the cell cycle of all actively dividing cells, their side effects severely constrain the dose and duration with which they can be administered, allowing both normal and malignant cells to escape complete growth arrest. Recent progress in understanding how cancers lose control of the cell cycle, coupled with comprehensive genomic profiling of human tumor biopsies, has shown that many cancers have mutations affecting various regulators and checkpoints that impinge on the core cell-cycle machinery. These defects introduce unique vulnerabilities that can be exploited by a next generation of drugs that promise improved therapeutic windows in patients whose tumors bear particular genomic aberrations, permitting increased dose intensity and efficacy. These developments, coupled with the success of new drugs targeting cell-cycle regulators, have led to a resurgence of interest in cell-cycle inhibitors. This review in particular focuses on the newer strategies that may facilitate better therapeutic targeting of drugs that inhibit the various components that safeguard the fidelity of the fundamental processes of DNA replication and repair. Clin Cancer Res; 23(13); 3232-40. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee Bence Lin
- Early Phase Medical-Oncology, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Samuel C McNeely
- Oncology Business Unit-Patient Tailoring, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Richard P Beckmann
- Oncology Translational Research, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana.
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63
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Morgado-Palacin I, Day A, Murga M, Lafarga V, Anton ME, Tubbs A, Chen HT, Ergan A, Anderson R, Bhandoola A, Pike KG, Barlaam B, Cadogan E, Wang X, Pierce AJ, Hubbard C, Armstrong SA, Nussenzweig A, Fernandez-Capetillo O. Targeting the kinase activities of ATR and ATM exhibits antitumoral activity in mouse models of MLL-rearranged AML. Sci Signal 2016; 9:ra91. [PMID: 27625305 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aad8243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Among the various subtypes of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), those with chromosomal rearrangements of the MLL oncogene (AML-MLL) have a poor prognosis. AML-MLL tumor cells are resistant to current genotoxic therapies because of an attenuated response by p53, a protein that induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in response to DNA damage. In addition to chemicals that damage DNA, efforts have focused on targeting DNA repair enzymes as a general chemotherapeutic approach to cancer treatment. Here, we found that inhibition of the kinase ATR, which is the primary sensor of DNA replication stress, induced chromosomal breakage and death of mouse AML(MLL) cells (with an MLL-ENL fusion and a constitutively active N-RAS independently of p53. Moreover, ATR inhibition as a single agent exhibited antitumoral activity, both reducing tumor burden after establishment and preventing tumors from growing, in an immunocompetent allograft mouse model of AML(MLL) and in xenografts of a human AML-MLL cell line. We also found that inhibition of ATM, a kinase that senses DNA double-strand breaks, also promoted the survival of the AML(MLL) mice. Collectively, these data indicated that ATR or ATM inhibition represent potential therapeutic strategies for the treatment of AML, especially MLL-driven leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Morgado-Palacin
- Genomic Instability Group; Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO); Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Amanda Day
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity; National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Matilde Murga
- Genomic Instability Group; Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO); Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Vanesa Lafarga
- Genomic Instability Group; Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO); Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Marta Elena Anton
- Genomic Instability Group; Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO); Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Anthony Tubbs
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity; National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hua Tang Chen
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity; National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Aysegul Ergan
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity; National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rhonda Anderson
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity; National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Avinash Bhandoola
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity; National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | | | | | - Xi Wang
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program and Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | | | - Chad Hubbard
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity; National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Scott A Armstrong
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program and Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - André Nussenzweig
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity; National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Oscar Fernandez-Capetillo
- Genomic Instability Group; Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO); Madrid 28029, Spain.,Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, 17165 Solna, Sweden
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