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Fertala J, Wang ML, Rivlin M, Beredjiklian PK, Abboud J, Arnold WV, Fertala A. Extracellular Targets to Reduce Excessive Scarring in Response to Tissue Injury. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050758. [PMID: 37238628 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive scar formation is a hallmark of localized and systemic fibrotic disorders. Despite extensive studies to define valid anti-fibrotic targets and develop effective therapeutics, progressive fibrosis remains a significant medical problem. Regardless of the injury type or location of wounded tissue, excessive production and accumulation of collagen-rich extracellular matrix is the common denominator of all fibrotic disorders. A long-standing dogma was that anti-fibrotic approaches should focus on overall intracellular processes that drive fibrotic scarring. Because of the poor outcomes of these approaches, scientific efforts now focus on regulating the extracellular components of fibrotic tissues. Crucial extracellular players include cellular receptors of matrix components, macromolecules that form the matrix architecture, auxiliary proteins that facilitate the formation of stiff scar tissue, matricellular proteins, and extracellular vesicles that modulate matrix homeostasis. This review summarizes studies targeting the extracellular aspects of fibrotic tissue synthesis, presents the rationale for these studies, and discusses the progress and limitations of current extracellular approaches to limit fibrotic healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Fertala
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Mark L Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Rothman Institute of Orthopaedics, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Michael Rivlin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Rothman Institute of Orthopaedics, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Pedro K Beredjiklian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Rothman Institute of Orthopaedics, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Joseph Abboud
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Rothman Institute of Orthopaedics, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - William V Arnold
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Rothman Institute of Orthopaedics, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Andrzej Fertala
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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Hanson I, Pitman KE, Edin NFJ. The Role of TGF-β3 in Radiation Response. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087614. [PMID: 37108775 PMCID: PMC10141893 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta 3 (TGF-β3) is a ubiquitously expressed multifunctional cytokine involved in a range of physiological and pathological conditions, including embryogenesis, cell cycle regulation, immunoregulation, and fibrogenesis. The cytotoxic effects of ionizing radiation are employed in cancer radiotherapy, but its actions also influence cellular signaling pathways, including that of TGF-β3. Furthermore, the cell cycle regulating and anti-fibrotic effects of TGF-β3 have identified it as a potential mitigator of radiation- and chemotherapy-induced toxicity in healthy tissue. This review discusses the radiobiology of TGF-β3, its induction in tissue by ionizing radiation, and its potential radioprotective and anti-fibrotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingunn Hanson
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Nina F J Edin
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, 0371 Oslo, Norway
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Statzer C, Luthria K, Sharma A, Kann MG, Ewald CY. The Human Extracellular Matrix Diseasome Reveals Genotype-Phenotype Associations with Clinical Implications for Age-Related Diseases. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041212. [PMID: 37189830 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is earning an increasingly relevant role in many disease states and aging. The analysis of these disease states is possible with the GWAS and PheWAS methodologies, and through our analysis, we aimed to explore the relationships between polymorphisms in the compendium of ECM genes (i.e., matrisome genes) in various disease states. A significant contribution on the part of ECM polymorphisms is evident in various types of disease, particularly those in the core-matrisome genes. Our results confirm previous links to connective-tissue disorders but also unearth new and underexplored relationships with neurological, psychiatric, and age-related disease states. Through our analysis of the drug indications for gene-disease relationships, we identify numerous targets that may be repurposed for age-related pathologies. The identification of ECM polymorphisms and their contributions to disease will play an integral role in future therapeutic developments, drug repurposing, precision medicine, and personalized care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Statzer
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Schwerzenbach, CH-8603 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karan Luthria
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Arastu Sharma
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Schwerzenbach, CH-8603 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maricel G Kann
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Collin Y Ewald
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Schwerzenbach, CH-8603 Zurich, Switzerland
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Yin Z, Gao Y, Tang Y, Tian X, Zheng Y, Han Q. Aqueous humor cytokine levels are associated with the severity of visual field defects in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. BMC Ophthalmol 2023; 23:141. [PMID: 37020269 PMCID: PMC10077761 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-023-02875-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the aqueous humor (AH) levels of cytokines in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients and cataract patients. METHODS Thirty-eight POAG patients and 26 cataract patients were recruited. Peripheral blood (PB) was collected from each subject. The POAG group was divided into 2 subgroups according to the severity of visual field defects. The cutoff point of the mean deviation (MD) of the visual field was -12 dB. AH was obtained at the time of anterior chamber puncture during cataract or glaucoma surgery by using a 27-gauge needle attached to a microsyringe. AH and PB levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-beta2 (TGF-β2) and IL-4 were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Postoperative intraocular pressures (IOPs) of POAG patients were recorded during the follow-up period. RESULTS TNF-α and TGF-β2 showed significantly higher AH levels in the POAG group than in the cataract group (P < 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively). For the POAG group, preoperative IOPs were significantly positively correlated with AH levels of TNF-α (r2 = 0.129, P = 0.027) and TGF-β2 (r2 = 0.273, P = 0.001). AH levels of TGF-β2 were significantly different among cataract patients, POAG patients with MD> -12 dB and POAG patients with MD≤ -12 dB (P = 0.001). AH levels of TNF-α were significantly positively associated with IOP reduction after trabeculectomy (P = 0.025). AH and PB levels of cytokines were not related to the long-term success of trabeculectomy. CONCLUSION The levels of TNF-α and TGF-β2 showed different profiles in POAG patients and cataract patients. AH levels of TGF-β2 were correlated with the severity of glaucomatous neuropathy in POAG patients. The findings suggest possible roles for cytokines in the pathogenesis and development of POAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelin Yin
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Nankai University Eye Hospital, Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Gansu Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300020, P.R. China
| | - Yanlin Gao
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Nankai University Eye Hospital, Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Gansu Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300020, P.R. China
| | - Yong Tang
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Nankai University Eye Hospital, Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Gansu Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300020, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Tian
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Nankai University Eye Hospital, Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Gansu Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300020, P.R. China
| | - Yuezhong Zheng
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Nankai University Eye Hospital, Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Gansu Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300020, P.R. China
| | - Quanhong Han
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Nankai University Eye Hospital, Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Gansu Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300020, P.R. China.
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Czaplinska D, Ialchina R, Andersen HB, Yao J, Stigliani A, Dannesboe J, Flinck M, Chen X, Mitrega J, Gnosa SP, Dmytriyeva O, Alves F, Napp J, Sandelin A, Pedersen SF. Crosstalk between tumor acidosis, p53 and extracellular matrix regulates pancreatic cancer aggressiveness. Int J Cancer 2023; 152:1210-1225. [PMID: 36408933 PMCID: PMC10108304 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an extremely aggressive malignancy with minimal treatment options and a global rise in prevalence. PDAC is characterized by frequent driver mutations including KRAS and TP53 (p53), and a dense, acidic tumor microenvironment (TME). The relation between genotype and TME in PDAC development is unknown. Strikingly, when wild type (WT) Panc02 PDAC cells were adapted to growth in an acidic TME and returned to normal pH to mimic invasive cells escaping acidic regions, they displayed a strong increase of aggressive traits such as increased growth in 3-dimensional (3D) culture, adhesion-independent colony formation and invasive outgrowth. This pattern of acidosis-induced aggressiveness was observed in 3D spheroid culture as well as upon organotypic growth in matrigel, collagen-I and combination thereof, mimicking early and later stages of PDAC development. Acid-adaptation-induced gain of cancerous traits was further increased by p53 knockout (KO), but only in specific extracellular matrix (ECM) compositions. Akt- and Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signaling, as well as expression of the Na+ /H+ exchanger NHE1, were increased by acid adaptation. Whereas Akt inhibition decreased spheroid growth regardless of treatment and genotype, stimulation with TGFβI increased growth of WT control spheroids, and inhibition of TGFβ signaling tended to limit growth under acidic conditions only. Our results indicate that a complex crosstalk between tumor acidosis, ECM composition and genotype contributes to PDAC development. The findings may guide future strategies for acidosis-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Czaplinska
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Renata Ialchina
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henriette Berg Andersen
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jiayi Yao
- Section for Computational and RNA Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arnaud Stigliani
- Section for Computational and RNA Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johs Dannesboe
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Flinck
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xiaoming Chen
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakub Mitrega
- Max-Planck-Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Goettingen, Germany.,Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Peter Gnosa
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oksana Dmytriyeva
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frauke Alves
- Max-Planck-Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Goettingen, Germany.,Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.,Clinic of Haematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Joanna Napp
- Max-Planck-Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Goettingen, Germany.,Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.,Clinic of Haematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Albin Sandelin
- Section for Computational and RNA Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stine Falsig Pedersen
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Raghunathan V, Nartey A, Dhamodaran K, Baidouri H, Staverosky JA, Keller KE, Zientek K, Reddy A, Acott T, Vranka JA. Characterization of extracellular matrix deposited by segmental trabecular meshwork cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.11.532242. [PMID: 36945588 PMCID: PMC10028995 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.11.532242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Biophysical and biochemical attributes of the extracellular matrix are major determinants of cell fate in homeostasis and disease. Ocular hypertension and glaucoma are diseases where the trabecular meshwork tissue responsible for aqueous humor egress becomes stiffer accompanied by changes in its matrisome in a segmental manner with regions of high or low flow. Prior studies demonstrate these alterations in the matrix are dynamic in response to age and pressure changes. The underlying reason for segmentation or differential response to pressure and stiffening are unknown. This is largely due to a lack of appropriate models ( in vitro or ex vivo ) to study this phenomena. In this study, we characterize the biomechanical attributes, matrisome, and incidence of crosslinks in the matrix deposited by primary cells isolated from segmental flow regions and when treated with glucocorticosteroid. Data demonstrate that matrix deposited by cells from low flow regions are stiffer and exhibit a greater number of immature and mature crosslinks, and that these are exacerbated in the presence of steroid. We also show a differential response of high or low flow cells to steroid via changes observed in the matrix composition. We conclude that although a mechanistic basis for matrix stiffness was undetermined in this study, it is a viable tool to study cell-matrix interactions and further our understanding of trabecular meshwork pathobiology.
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Tang Y, Yao W, Hang hu, Xiong W, Mei H, Hu Y. TGF-β blocking combined with photothermal therapy promote tumor targeted migration and long-term antitumor activity of CAR-T cells. Mater Today Bio 2023; 20:100615. [PMID: 37063775 PMCID: PMC10090704 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
TGF-β is widely existed in tumor microenvironment, taking part in tumorigenesis process including angiogenesis, cancer associated fibroblast (CAF) proliferation, and immunosuppression. It inhibited the activation, proliferation, migration and differentiation of T cells, in which way caused a limited therapeutic effects of chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) towards solid tumor such as lymphoma. To targeted block TGF-β at tumor site, we take advantages of nano-techniques to deliver TGF-β inhibitors LY2157299 (LY) towards the tumor sites, in order to help achieve a improved and long-term functions of CAR-T towards lymphoma. Based on amphipathic hydroxyethyl starch-polycaprolactone (HES-PCL), LY and photosensitizer indocyanine green (ICG) were co-loaded in HES-PCL to achieve LY/ICG@HES-PCL nanoparticle. The enhanced function of CAR-T benefited from LY/ICG@HES-PCL were verified through lymphoma Raji cells in vitro and Nod scid gamma mice engrafted with the Raji cells in vivo. LY was targeted transported to tumor site and accelerated release by mild ICG photothermal. Chemokines CXCL9/10/11 at the tumor site relevant to CAR-T migration and chemokines receptor CXCR3 of CAR-T could be up-regulated by LY, thus facilitated the enhanced accumulation of CAR-T at lymphoma site. T effector memory cells differentiation could also be accelerated by LY/ICG@HES-PCL. Combined therapy of LY/ICG@HES-PCL and CAR-T achieved 2.4 times higher antitumor activity and 2.7 times higher relapse inhibiting rates than CAR-T alone within 15 days and 11 days, respectively. The results suggested that LY/ICG@HES-PCL facilitated the enhanced therapeutic index of CAR-T cells towards lymphoma simply and safely, it may be further potentiated applied for other solid tumors.
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Guo T, Wantono C, Tan Y, Deng F, Duan T, Liu D. Regulators, functions, and mechanotransduction pathways of matrix stiffness in hepatic disease. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1098129. [PMID: 36711017 PMCID: PMC9878334 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1098129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides physical support and imparts significant biochemical and mechanical cues to cells. Matrix stiffening is a hallmark of liver fibrosis and is associated with many hepatic diseases, especially liver cirrhosis and carcinoma. Increased matrix stiffness is not only a consequence of liver fibrosis but is also recognized as an active driver in the progression of fibrotic hepatic disease. In this article, we provide a comprehensive view of the role of matrix stiffness in the pathological progression of hepatic disease. The regulators that modulate matrix stiffness including ECM components, MMPs, and crosslinking modifications are discussed. The latest advances of the research on the matrix mechanics in regulating intercellular signaling and cell phenotype are classified, especially for hepatic stellate cells, hepatocytes, and immunocytes. The molecular mechanism that sensing and transducing mechanical signaling is highlighted. The current progress of ECM stiffness's role in hepatic cirrhosis and liver cancer is introduced and summarized. Finally, the recent trials targeting ECM stiffness for the treatment of liver disease are detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China,Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cindy Wantono
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China,Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuyong Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China,Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feihong Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China,Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tianying Duan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China,Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Deliang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China,Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China,*Correspondence: Deliang Liu,
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Li J, Yao Z, Liu X, Duan R, Yi X, Ayoub A, Sanders JO, Mesfin A, Xing L, Boyce BF. TGFβ1 +CCR5 + neutrophil subset increases in bone marrow and causes age-related osteoporosis in male mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:159. [PMID: 36631487 PMCID: PMC9834218 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35801-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
TGFβ1 induces age-related bone loss by promoting degradation of TNF receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3), levels of which decrease in murine and human bone during aging. We report that a subset of neutrophils (TGFβ1+CCR5+) is the major source of TGFβ1 in murine bone. Their numbers are increased in bone marrow (BM) of aged wild-type mice and adult mice with TRAF3 conditionally deleted in mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs), associated with increased expression in BM of the chemokine, CCL5, suggesting that TRAF3 in MPCs limits TGFβ1+CCR5+ neutrophil numbers in BM of young mice. During aging, TGFβ1-induced TRAF3 degradation in MPCs promotes NF-κB-mediated expression of CCL5 by MPCs, associated with higher TGFβ1+CCR5+ neutrophil numbers in BM where they induce bone loss. TGFβ1+CCR5+ neutrophils decreased bone mass in male mice. The FDA-approved CCR5 antagonist, maraviroc, reduced TGFβ1+CCR5+ neutrophil numbers in BM and increased bone mass in aged mice. 15-mon-old mice with TGFβRII specifically deleted in MPCs had lower numbers of TGFβ1+CCR5+ neutrophils in BM and higher bone volume than wild-type littermates. We propose that pharmacologic reduction of TGFβ1+CCR5+ neutrophil numbers in BM could treat or prevent age-related osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
- Institute of Health and Medical Research, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China.
| | - Zhenqiang Yao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Rong Duan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Xiangjiao Yi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Akram Ayoub
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
- Leica Biosystems, Deer Park, IL, 60010, USA
| | - James O Sanders
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - Addisu Mesfin
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Lianping Xing
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Brendan F Boyce
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
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The role of TGF-beta3 in cartilage development and osteoarthritis. Bone Res 2023; 11:2. [PMID: 36588106 PMCID: PMC9806111 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-022-00239-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage serves as a low-friction, load-bearing tissue without the support with blood vessels, lymphatics and nerves, making its repair a big challenge. Transforming growth factor-beta 3 (TGF-β3), a vital member of the highly conserved TGF-β superfamily, plays a versatile role in cartilage physiology and pathology. TGF-β3 influences the whole life cycle of chondrocytes and mediates a series of cellular responses, including cell survival, proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Since TGF-β3 is involved in maintaining the balance between chondrogenic differentiation and chondrocyte hypertrophy, its regulatory role is especially important to cartilage development. Increased TGF-β3 plays a dual role: in healthy tissues, it can facilitate chondrocyte viability, but in osteoarthritic chondrocytes, it can accelerate the progression of disease. Recently, TGF-β3 has been recognized as a potential therapeutic target for osteoarthritis (OA) owing to its protective effect, which it confers by enhancing the recruitment of autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to damaged cartilage. However, the biological mechanism of TGF-β3 action in cartilage development and OA is not well understood. In this review, we systematically summarize recent progress in the research on TGF-β3 in cartilage physiology and pathology, providing up-to-date strategies for cartilage repair and preventive treatment.
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Saarimäki LA, Morikka J, Pavel A, Korpilähde S, del Giudice G, Federico A, Fratello M, Serra A, Greco D. Toxicogenomics Data for Chemical Safety Assessment and Development of New Approach Methodologies: An Adverse Outcome Pathway-Based Approach. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2203984. [PMID: 36479815 PMCID: PMC9839874 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Mechanistic toxicology provides a powerful approach to inform on the safety of chemicals and the development of safe-by-design compounds. Although toxicogenomics supports mechanistic evaluation of chemical exposures, its implementation into the regulatory framework is hindered by uncertainties in the analysis and interpretation of such data. The use of mechanistic evidence through the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) concept is promoted for the development of new approach methodologies (NAMs) that can reduce animal experimentation. However, to unleash the full potential of AOPs and build confidence into toxicogenomics, robust associations between AOPs and patterns of molecular alteration need to be established. Systematic curation of molecular events to AOPs will create the much-needed link between toxicogenomics and systemic mechanisms depicted by the AOPs. This, in turn, will introduce novel ways of benefitting from the AOPs, including predictive models and targeted assays, while also reducing the need for multiple testing strategies. Hence, a multi-step strategy to annotate AOPs is developed, and the resulting associations are applied to successfully highlight relevant adverse outcomes for chemical exposures with strong in vitro and in vivo convergence, supporting chemical grouping and other data-driven approaches. Finally, a panel of AOP-derived in vitro biomarkers for pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is identified and experimentally validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Aliisa Saarimäki
- Finnish Hub for Development and Validation of Integrated Approaches (FHAIVE)Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityArvo Ylpön katu 34Tampere33520Finland
| | - Jack Morikka
- Finnish Hub for Development and Validation of Integrated Approaches (FHAIVE)Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityArvo Ylpön katu 34Tampere33520Finland
| | - Alisa Pavel
- Finnish Hub for Development and Validation of Integrated Approaches (FHAIVE)Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityArvo Ylpön katu 34Tampere33520Finland
| | - Seela Korpilähde
- Finnish Hub for Development and Validation of Integrated Approaches (FHAIVE)Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityArvo Ylpön katu 34Tampere33520Finland
| | - Giusy del Giudice
- Finnish Hub for Development and Validation of Integrated Approaches (FHAIVE)Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityArvo Ylpön katu 34Tampere33520Finland
| | - Antonio Federico
- Finnish Hub for Development and Validation of Integrated Approaches (FHAIVE)Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityArvo Ylpön katu 34Tampere33520Finland
| | - Michele Fratello
- Finnish Hub for Development and Validation of Integrated Approaches (FHAIVE)Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityArvo Ylpön katu 34Tampere33520Finland
| | - Angela Serra
- Finnish Hub for Development and Validation of Integrated Approaches (FHAIVE)Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityArvo Ylpön katu 34Tampere33520Finland
- Tampere Institute for Advanced StudyTampere UniversityKalevantie 4Tampere33100Finland
| | - Dario Greco
- Finnish Hub for Development and Validation of Integrated Approaches (FHAIVE)Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityArvo Ylpön katu 34Tampere33520Finland
- Institute of BiotechnologyUniversity of HelsinkiP.O.Box 56HelsinkiUusimaa00014Finland
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Villar VH, Subotički T, Đikić D, Mitrović-Ajtić O, Simon F, Santibanez JF. Transforming Growth Factor-β1 in Cancer Immunology: Opportunities for Immunotherapy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1408:309-328. [PMID: 37093435 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26163-3_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β) regulates a plethora of cell-intrinsic processes that modulate tumor progression in a context-dependent manner. Thus, although TGF-β acts as a tumor suppressor in the early stages of tumorigenesis, in late stages, this factor promotes tumor progression and metastasis. In addition, TGF-β also impinges on the tumor microenvironment by modulating the immune system. In this aspect, TGF-β exhibits a potent immunosuppressive effect, which allows both cancer cells to escape from immune surveillance and confers resistance to immunotherapy. While TGF-β inhibits the activation and antitumoral functions of T-cell lymphocytes, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells, it promotes the generation of T-regulatory cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, which hinder antitumoral T-cell activities. Moreover, TGF-β promotes tumor-associated macrophages and neutrophils polarization from M1 into M2 and N1 to N2, respectively. Altogether, these effects contribute to the generation of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and support tumor promotion. This review aims to analyze the relevant evidence on the complex role of TGF-β in cancer immunology, the current outcomes of combined immunotherapies, and the anti-TGF-β therapies that may improve the success of current and new oncotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor H Villar
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Tijana Subotički
- Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragoslava Đikić
- Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Olivera Mitrović-Ajtić
- Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Felipe Simon
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute On Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channel-Associated Diseases, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan F Santibanez
- Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
- Integrative Center for Biology and Applied Chemistry (CIBQA), Bernardo O'Higgins University, Santiago, Chile.
- Molecular Oncology Group, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 4, POB 102, 11129, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Shen P, Löhning M. Insights into osteoarthritis development from single-cell RNA sequencing of subchondral bone. RMD Open 2022; 8:rmdopen-2022-002617. [PMID: 36598005 PMCID: PMC9748989 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2022-002617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Shen
- Pitzer Laboratory of Osteoarthritis Research, German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Stem Cell and Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan Province, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Max Löhning
- Pitzer Laboratory of Osteoarthritis Research, German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Beaven E, Kumar R, Bhatt HN, Esquivel SV, Nurunnabi M. Myofibroblast specific targeting approaches to improve fibrosis treatment. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:13556-13571. [PMID: 36445310 PMCID: PMC9946855 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04825f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis has been shown to develop in individuals with underlying health conditions, especially chronic inflammatory diseases. Fibrosis is often diagnosed in various organs, including the liver, lungs, kidneys, heart, and skin, and has been described as excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix that can affect specific organs in the body or systemically throughout the body. Fibrosis as a chronic condition can result in organ failure and result in death of the individual. Understanding and identification of specific biomarkers associated with fibrosis has emerging potential in the development of diagnosis and targeting treatment modalities. Therefore, in this review, we will discuss multiple signaling pathways such as TGF-β, collagen, angiotensin, and cadherin and outline the chemical nature of the different signaling pathways involved in fibrogenesis as well as the mechanisms. Although it has been well established that TGF-β is the main catalyst initiating and driving multiple pathways for fibrosis, targeting TGF-β can be challenging as this molecule regulates essential functions throughout the body that help to keep the body in homeostasis. We also discuss collagen, angiotensin, and cadherins and their role in fibrosis. We comprehensively discuss the various delivery systems used to target collagen, angiotensin, and cadherins to manage fibrosis. Nevertheless, understanding the steps by which this molecule drives fibrosis development can aid in the development of specific targets of its cascading mechanism. Throughout the review, we will demonstrate the mechanism of fibrosis targeting to improve targeting delivery and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elfa Beaven
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Raj Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Himanshu N Bhatt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Stephanie V Esquivel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902, USA.
- Aerospace Center (cSETR), The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Md Nurunnabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Aerospace Center (cSETR), The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
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Fidilio A, Grasso M, Caruso G, Musso N, Begni V, Privitera A, Torrisi SA, Campolongo P, Schiavone S, Tascedda F, Leggio GM, Drago F, Riva MA, Caraci F. Prenatal stress induces a depressive-like phenotype in adolescent rats: The key role of TGF-β1 pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1075746. [DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1075746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Stressful experiences early in life, especially in the prenatal period, can increase the risk to develop depression during adolescence. However, there may be important qualitative and quantitative differences in outcome of prenatal stress (PNS), where some individuals exposed to PNS are vulnerable and develop a depressive-like phenotype, while others appear to be resilient. PNS exposure, a well-established rat model of early life stress, is known to increase vulnerability to depression and a recent study demonstrated a strong interaction between transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) gene and PNS in the pathogenesis of depression. Moreover, it is well-known that the exposure to early life stress experiences induces brain oxidative damage by increasing nitric oxide levels and decreasing antioxidant factors. In the present work, we examined the role of TGF-β1 pathway in an animal model of adolescent depression induced by PNS obtained by exposing pregnant females to a stressful condition during the last week of gestation. We performed behavioral tests to identify vulnerable or resilient subjects in the obtained litters (postnatal day, PND > 35) and we carried out molecular analyses on hippocampus, a brain area with a key role in the pathogenesis of depression. We found that female, but not male, PNS adolescent rats exhibited a depressive-like behavior in forced swim test (FST), whereas both male and female PNS rats showed a deficit of recognition memory as assessed by novel object recognition test (NOR). Interestingly, we found an increased expression of type 2 TGF-β1 receptor (TGFβ-R2) in the hippocampus of both male and female resilient PNS rats, with higher plasma TGF-β1 levels in male, but not in female, PNS rats. Furthermore, PNS induced the activation of oxidative stress pathways by increasing inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1) and NOX2 levels in the hippocampus of both male and female PNS adolescent rats. Our data suggest that high levels of TGF-β1 and its receptor TGFβ-R2 can significantly increase the resiliency of adolescent rats to PNS, suggesting that TGF-β1 pathway might represent a novel pharmacological target to prevent adolescent depression in rats.
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Matsumura K, Hayashi H, Uemura N, Ogata Y, Zhao L, Sato H, Shiraishi Y, Kuroki H, Kitamura F, Kaida T, Higashi T, Nakagawa S, Mima K, Imai K, Yamashita YI, Baba H. Thrombospondin-1 overexpression stimulates loss of Smad4 and accelerates malignant behavior via TGF-β signal activation in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Transl Oncol 2022; 26:101533. [PMID: 36115074 PMCID: PMC9483797 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by abundant stroma and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) provide a favorable tumor microenvironment. Smad4 is known as tumor suppressor in several types of cancers including PDAC, and loss of Smad4 triggers accelerated cell invasiveness and metastatic potential. The thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) can act as a major activator of latent transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in vivo. However, the roles of TSP-1 and the mediator of Smad4 loss and TGF-β signal activation during PDAC progression have not yet been addressed. The aim is to elucidate the biological role of TSP-1 in PDAC progression. METHODS AND RESULTS High substrate stiffness stimulated TSP-1 expression in CAFs, and TSP-1 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation with suppressed profibrogenic and activated stroma-related gene expressions in CAFs. Paracrine TSP-1 treatment for PDAC cells promoted cell proliferation and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) with activated TGF-β signals such as phosphorylated Akt and Smad2/3 expressions. Surprisingly, knockdown of DPC4 (Smad4 gene) induced TSP-1 overexpression with TGF-β signal activation in PDAC cells. Interestingly, TSP-1 overexpression also induced downregulation of Smad4 expression and enhanced cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Treatment with LSKL peptide, which antagonizes TSP-1-mediated latent TGF-β activation, attenuated cell proliferation, migration and chemoresistance with enhanced apoptosis in PDAC cells. CONCLUSIONS TSP-1 derived from CAFs stimulates loss of Smad4 expression in cancer cells and accelerates malignant behavior by TGF-β signal activation in PDAC. TSP-1 could be a novel therapeutic target, not only for CAFs in stiff stroma, but also for cancer cells in the PDAC microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Matsumura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Norio Uemura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yoko Ogata
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Liu Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sato
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yuta Shiraishi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Kuroki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Fumimasa Kitamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Kaida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Takaaki Higashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Shigeki Nakagawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Kosuke Mima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Katsunori Imai
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yo-Ichi Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
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Cain SA, Woods S, Singh M, Kimber SJ, Baldock C. ADAMTS6 cleaves the large latent TGFβ complex and increases the mechanotension of cells to activate TGFβ. Matrix Biol 2022; 114:18-34. [PMID: 36368447 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The ADAMTS superfamily is composed of secreted metalloproteases and structurally related non-catalytic ADAMTS-like proteins. A subset of this superfamily, including ADAMTS6, ADAMTS10 and ADAMTSL2, are involved in elastic fiber assembly and bind to fibrillin and other matrix molecules that regulate the extracellular bioavailability of the potent growth factor TGFβ. Fibrillinopathies, that can also result from mutation of these ADAMTS/L proteins, have been linked to disrupted TGFβ homeostasis. ADAMTS6 and ADAMTS10 are homologous metalloproteases with poorly characterized substrates where ADAMTS10 is thought to process fibrillin-2 and ADAMTS6 latent TGFβ-binding protein (LTBP)-1. In order to understand the contribution of ADAMTS6, and these other members of the ADAMTS/L family, to TGFβ homeostasis, we have analyzed the effects of ADAMTS6, ADAMTS10 and ADAMTSL2 expression on TGFβ activation. We found that their expression increases TGFβ activation in a dose dependent manner, following stimulation with mature TGFβ1. For ADAMTS6, the catalytically active protease is required for effective TGFβ activation, where ADAMTS6 cleaves LTBP3 as well as LTBP1, and binds to the large latent TGFβ complexes of LTBP1 and LTBP3. Furthermore, ADAMTS6 expression increases the mechanotension of cells which results in inactivation of the Hippo Pathway, resulting in an increased translocation of YAP/TAZ complex to the nucleus. Together these findings suggest that when the balance of TGFβ is perturbed ADAMTS6 can influence TGFβ activation via two mechanisms. It directly cleaves the latent TGFβ complexes and also acts indirectly, along with ADAMTS10 and ADAMTSL2, by altering the mechanotension of cells. Together this increases activation of TGFβ from large latent complexes which may contribute to disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart A Cain
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | - Steven Woods
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mukti Singh
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Susan J Kimber
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Clair Baldock
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Purnamasari P, Nugroho KH, Prasetyo SA, Prajoko YW, Haningtyas F, Mukti SN, Saputro A, Rozy AM. Sleeve Gastrectomy and Liver Omentoplasty Can Increased Il-10 and TGF-Β Expression on Liver Fibrosis in Obesity. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.10986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Obesity is a risk factor happening liver fibrosis because it makes presence of oxidative stress and inflammation that has role on pathogenesis and hepatic fibrosis progression. Until this moment, liver disease management still focused for treat disease primary, the most rational management of liver fibrosis is liver transplant, however number success transplant liver lower from on transplant kidneys, only 70-80% of recipients survived for at least 1 year, so that sleeve gastrectomy and liver omentoplasty procedure could become a choice for treating liver fibrosis on obese patients.
AIM: This study aims to investigate correlation between sleeve gastrectomy and omentoplasty on TGF-β and IL-10 in obese rats with liver fibrosis
METHOD: This study used a true experiment in-vivo design on male Wistar rat (Spargue Dawley) 4-6 weeks of age. Samples were divided into groups that includes normal control group, positive control group, group with sleeve gastrectomy, and group with both liver liver omentoplasty and sleeve gastrectomy. The level of TGF-β and IL-10 will be measured for descriptive and hypothesis analysis.
RESULT: There is an increased level of IL-10 and TGF-β. Statistical analysis result shows a significant increase of IL-10 and TGF-β expression between normal group and control group with group given treatment sleeve gastrectomy and liver liver omentoplasty (p<0.05).
CONCLUSION: liver Liver omentoplasty and sleeve gastrectomy procedure on obese mice with liver fibrosis could increases IL-10 expression but could not reduce (TGF-β expression).
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Lausecker F, Lennon R, Randles MJ. The kidney matrisome in health, aging, and disease. Kidney Int 2022; 102:1000-1012. [PMID: 35870643 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulated extracellular matrix is the hallmark of fibrosis, and it has a profound impact on kidney function in disease. Furthermore, perturbation of matrix homeostasis is a feature of aging and is associated with declining kidney function. Understanding these dynamic processes, in the hope of developing therapies to combat matrix dysregulation, requires the integration of data acquired by both well-established and novel technologies. Owing to its complexity, the extracellular proteome, or matrisome, still holds many secrets and has great potential for the identification of clinical biomarkers and drug targets. The molecular resolution of matrix composition during aging and disease has been illuminated by cutting-edge mass spectrometry-based proteomics in recent years, but there remain key questions about the mechanisms that drive altered matrix composition. Basement membrane components are particularly important in the context of kidney function; and data from proteomic studies suggest that switches between basement membrane and interstitial matrix proteins are likely to contribute to organ dysfunction during aging and disease. Understanding the impact of such changes on physical properties of the matrix, and the subsequent cellular response to altered stiffness and viscoelasticity, is of critical importance. Likewise, the comparison of proteomic data sets from multiple organs is required to identify common matrix biomarkers and shared pathways for therapeutic intervention. Coupled with single-cell transcriptomics, there is the potential to identify the cellular origin of matrix changes, which could enable cell-targeted therapy. This review provides a contemporary perspective of the complex kidney matrisome and draws comparison to altered matrix in heart and liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Lausecker
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Rachel Lennon
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK; Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Michael J Randles
- Chester Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Chester, Chester, UK.
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Ruan Q, Lin X, Wang L, Wang N, Zhao Y, Wang H, Tian FY, Hu N, Li Y, Zhao B. An engineered (CAGA)12-EGFP cell-based biosensor for high-content and accurate detection of active TGF-β. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 220:114884. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Akbar A, Ahmad S, Creeden S, Huynh H. Infant with Loeys-Dietz syndrome treated for febrile status epilepticus with COVID-19 infection: first reported case of febrile status epilepticus and focal seizures in a patient with Loeys-Dietz syndrome and review of literature. BMJ Case Rep 2022; 15:15/11/e250587. [DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2022-250587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is a rare, autosomal dominant multisystem disorder that is caused by mutations of transforming growth factor-β receptors. Mutations inSMAD3andTGFB3have been recently reported.LDS is characterised by the triad of arterial tortuosity, hypertelorism and a bifid uvula or cleft palate among other cardiovascular, craniofacial and orthopaedic manifestations. Patients with LDS show clinical and genetic variability and there is a significant risk of reduced life expectancy due to widespread arterial involvement, aortic root dilation, aneurysms and an aggressive vascular course. Thus early genetic testing is warranted if clinical signs and history are suggestive of this potentially catastrophic disorder.LDS predisposes patients to aortic aneurysms and early death due to vascular malformations, but neurological emergencies, such as seizures and febrile status epilepticus, have not been reported.Febrile status epilepticus is the most common neurological emergency in childhood. Neurological manifestations of COVID-19 in the paediatric population are not as well described in medical literature.To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of febrile status epilepticus with COVID-19 infection in an infant with LDS. Our patient had focal epileptiform activity emanating over the left posterior hemisphere, which evolved into an electrographic seizure on video EEG. Such patients have a heightened risk of epilepsy in the future, and this occurrence is consistent with a diagnosis of focal epilepsy. Neurological complications such as epilepsy and status epilepticus in a patient with LDS have never been reported before.A brief review of literature is also given here.
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Tang J, Liu F, Cooper ME, Chai Z. Renal fibrosis as a hallmark of diabetic kidney disease: Potential role of targeting transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and related molecules. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:721-738. [PMID: 36217308 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2133698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide. Currently, there is no effective treatment to completely prevent DKD progression to ESRD. Renal fibrosis and inflammation are the major pathological features of DKD, being pursued as potential therapeutic targets for DKD. AREAS COVERED Inflammation and renal fibrosis are involved in the pathogenesis of DKD. Anti-inflammatory drugs have been developed to combat DKD but without efficacy demonstrated. Thus, we have focused on the mechanisms of TGF-β-induced renal fibrosis in DKD, as well as discussing the important molecules influencing the TGF-β signaling pathway and their potential development into new pharmacotherapies, rather than targeting the ligand TGF-β and/or its receptors, such options include Smads, microRNAs, histone deacetylases, connective tissue growth factor, bone morphogenetic protein 7, hepatocyte growth factor, and cell division autoantigen 1. EXPERT OPINION TGF-β is a critical driver of renal fibrosis in DKD. Molecules that modulate TGF-β signaling rather than TGF-β itself are potentially superior targets to safely combat DKD. A comprehensive elucidation of the pathogenesis of DKD is important, which requires a better model system and access to clinical samples via collaboration between basic and clinical researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Tang
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory of Diabetic Kidney Disease, Centre of Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mark E Cooper
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Zhonglin Chai
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Deng YT, Wu KJ, Kuo MYP. Phenytoin induces connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) production through NADPH oxidase 4-mediated latent TGFβ1 activation in human gingiva fibroblasts: Suppression by curcumin. J Periodontal Res 2022; 57:1219-1226. [PMID: 36205057 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND BACKGROUND Gingival overgrowth (GO) is a common side effect of some drugs such as anticonvulsants, immunosuppressant, and calcium channel blockers. Among them, the antiepileptic agent phenytoin is the most common agent related to this condition due to its high incidence. Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) importantly contributes to the pathogenesis of GO. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF or CCN2) is a key mediator of tissue fibrosis and is positively associated with the degree of fibrosis in GO. We previously showed that Src, c-jun N-terminal kinase, and Smad3 mediate TGFβ1-induced CCN2 protein expression in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). This study investigates whether phenytoin can induce CCN2 synthesis through activated latent TGFβ in HGFs and its mechanisms. METHODS CCN2 synthesis, latent TGFβ1 activation, and cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in HGFs were studied using western blot analysis, a TGFβ1 Emax® ImmunoAssay System, and 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (an oxidation-sensitive fluorescent probe), respectively. RESULTS Phenytoin significantly stimulated CCN2 synthesis, latent TGFβ1 activation, and ROS generation in HGFs. Addition of an TGFβ-neutralizing antibody, TGFβ receptor kinase inhibitor SB431542, and Smad3 inhibitor SIS3 completely inhibited phenytoin-induced CCN2 synthesis. General antioxidant N-acetylcysteine, NADPH oxidase (NOX) inhibitor diphenylene iodonium, and specific NOX4 inhibitor plumbagin almost completely suppressed phenytoin-induced total cellular ROS and latent TGFβ1 activation. Curcumin dose-dependently decreased phenytoin-induced TGFβ1 activation and CCN2 synthesis in HGFs. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that NOX4-derived ROS play pivotal roles in phenytoin-induced latent TGFβ1 activation. Molecular targeting the phenytoin/NOX4/ROS/TGFβ1 pathway may provide promising strategies for the prevention and treatment of GO. Curcumin-inhibited phenytoin-induced CCN2 synthesis is caused by the suppression of latent TGFβ1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Deng
- School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - King-Jean Wu
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Mark Yen-Ping Kuo
- School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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74
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Li H, Shen J, Ma S, Zhao F, Zhao W, Chen F, Fu Y, Li B, Cheng J, Deng Y. TGF-β1 suppresses de novo cholesterol biosynthesis in granulosa-lutein cells by down-regulating DHCR24 expression via the GSK-3β/EZH2/H3K27me3 signaling pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 224:1118-1128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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75
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Mtshali Z, Govender N, Naicker T. Circulating levels of transforming growth factor beta-1, 2 and 3 in HIV associated preeclamptic pregnancies. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2022; 42:2853-2859. [PMID: 36006052 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2022.2110458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The active role of transforming growth factor-beta in implantation, embryonic development and decidualization has driven our interest to evaluate circulating TGF-β(1-3) in the synergy of HIV associated pregnancy. Serum TGF-β(1-3) was quantified in normotensive (n = 38) and preeclamptic (n = 38) pregnant women, who were stratified by HIV status, HIV negative (n = 19) and HIV positive (n = 19), using a Bioplex immunoassay.Based on HIV status, we report no significant difference in TGF-β-1 (p = .95) and TGF-β2 (p = .80) however, TGF-β3 was significantly downregulated in HIV positive (p = .03) vs the HIV negative groups. A significant positive correlation (p < .05) was noted between TGF-β3 and gestational age (p = .03) (r = 0.51), birth weight (p = .04) (r = 0.53) and CD4 count (p = .02) (r = 0.53). Bivariate correlation between isoforms based on HIV status showed several significant positive associations. In the synergy of HIV infected PE, we demonstrate an association between TGF-β(1-3) with PE emanating from the hypoxic microenvironment that affects receptor-SMAD activity. Decreased TGF-β3 levels in HIV infected PE, may originate from ARV usage and/or the mutational/physiological dysregulation of SMAD expression. Impact StatementWhat is already known on this subject? TGF-β overexpression can convert its protective functions into pathogenic variants. It has a significant role in the oxidatively stressed and inflammatory condition of tissue fibrosis and hence may also be dysregulated in the microenvironment of PE. In HIV infection, TGF-β promotes viral replication and spreading through the induction of cellular proteins which induce TGF-β production. Also, mononuclear phagocytes infected with HIV also produce increased TGF-β mRNA and proteins.What do the results of the study add? Our results show no association of TGF-β isoforms (1-3) based on pregnancy type (PE vs normotensive pregnant) at term. The lack of association may be linked to TGF-βs dual promoter/suppresser nature or to gestational age.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Large-scale comprehensive clinical trials are warranted to elucidate the association and mechanistic role of TGF-β receptor-SMAD signalling, the effect of its inhibitors on cell invasion and angiogenesis as well as to deliver valuable data for the detection of novel therapeutic agents in pregnancies complicated by HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zamahlabangane Mtshali
- Discipline of Optics and Imaging, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Nalini Govender
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Thajasvarie Naicker
- Discipline of Optics and Imaging, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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76
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Muacevic A, Adler JR. Cardiac Complications in Marfan Syndrome: A Review. Cureus 2022; 14:e29800. [PMID: 36340521 PMCID: PMC9622027 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.29800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a rare inherited disorder of the connective tissue with an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance which happens as a result of a mutation in the fibrillin-1 (FBN1) gene located on chromosome 15q21.1. This mutation results in the defective formation of microfibrils and increased levels of active transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta), leading to defective connective tissue synthesis. These changes affect various parts of the body but most notably affected are the heart, eyes, and the musculoskeletal system. The standard presenting features of a person suffering from MFS are tall stature with a large arm span, kyphosis, congenital dislocation of the lens (ectopia lentis) and cardiovascular manifestations. The 2010 modified Ghent criteria are used to diagnose MFS on the basis of parameters such as cardiovascular, eye, and musculoskeletal disorders. The cardiovascular manifestations in a patient with MFS are the leading causes of mortality. The most common and dreaded complication is an aortic aneurysm and subsequent dissection. Cardiomyopathy and arrhythmia are also potential killers in such patients. This article aims to look at the various cardiac complications mentioned above and gain an understanding of their pathogenesis, incidence, and outcome. It also includes a brief overview of the rare complication post-Bentall graft infection, and its cause, diagnosis, and management. Various articles by several different authors from around the world were searched for information regarding the pathogenesis, incidence, and outcomes of these patients and are referenced below.
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77
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Sanketi BD, Zuela-Sopilniak N, Bundschuh E, Gopal S, Hu S, Long J, Lammerding J, Hopyan S, Kurpios NA. Pitx2 patterns an accelerator-brake mechanical feedback through latent TGFβ to rotate the gut. Science 2022; 377:eabl3921. [PMID: 36137018 PMCID: PMC10089252 DOI: 10.1126/science.abl3921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The vertebrate intestine forms by asymmetric gut rotation and elongation, and errors cause lethal obstructions in human infants. Rotation begins with tissue deformation of the dorsal mesentery, which is dependent on left-sided expression of the Paired-like transcription factor Pitx2. The conserved morphogen Nodal induces asymmetric Pitx2 to govern embryonic laterality, but organ-level regulation of Pitx2 during gut asymmetry remains unknown. We found Nodal to be dispensable for Pitx2 expression during mesentery deformation. Intestinal rotation instead required a mechanosensitive latent transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ), tuning a second wave of Pitx2 that induced reciprocal tissue stiffness in the left mesentery as mechanical feedback with the right side. This signaling regulator, an accelerator (right) and brake (left), combines biochemical and biomechanical inputs to break gut morphological symmetry and direct intestinal rotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhargav D Sanketi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Noam Zuela-Sopilniak
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Elizabeth Bundschuh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Sharada Gopal
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Shing Hu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Joseph Long
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Sevan Hopyan
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Natasza A Kurpios
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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78
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Karalko M, Pojar M, Zaloudkova L, Stejskal V, Timbilla S, Brizova P, Vojacek J. Transforming growth factor serum concentrations in patients with proven non-syndromic aortopathy. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:980103. [PMID: 36148051 PMCID: PMC9485481 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.980103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The mechanism underlying aortic dilatation is still unknown. Vascular dilatation is thought to be the result of progressive aortic media degeneration caused by defective vascular matrix hemostasis, including TGF-β1 dysregulation. The goal of this study is to draw attention to the potential utility of TGF-β1 as a diagnostic marker in non-syndromic patients with aortic dilatation. Methods TGF-β1 levels in plasma were measured in 50 patients who had undergone surgery and had a tricuspid or bicuspid aortic valve as well as a normal or dilated ascending aorta. A pathologist also examined thirty resected aorta samples. To specify the reference range of TGF-β1, a control group of 40 volunteers was enrolled in this study. Results We discovered a significant difference in TGF-β1 levels between patients with aortic dilatation and the control group (32.5 vs. 63.92; P < 0.001), as well as between patients with non-dilated aorta but with aortic valve disease, and the control group (27.68 vs. 63.92; P < 0.001). There was no difference between the dilated ascending aorta group and the non-dilated ascending aorta group. We found a poor correlation between TGF-β1 levels and ascending aorta diameter as well as the grade of ascending aorta histopathological abnormalities. Conclusion TGF-β1 concentration does not meet the criteria to be a specific marker of aortic dilatation, but it is sensitive to aortic valvulopathy-aortopathy. A larger patient cohort study is needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikita Karalko
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Marek Pojar
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Marek Pojar,
| | - Lenka Zaloudkova
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Vaclav Stejskal
- The Fingerland Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Salifu Timbilla
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Pavla Brizova
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Jan Vojacek
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czechia
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79
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Wang J, Li J, Zhang X, Zhang M, Hu X, Yin H. Molecular mechanisms of histone deacetylases and inhibitors in renal fibrosis progression. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:986405. [PMID: 36148005 PMCID: PMC9485629 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.986405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a common progressive manifestation of chronic kidney disease. This phenomenon of self-repair in response to kidney damage seriously affects the normal filtration function of the kidney. Yet, there are no specific treatments for the condition, which marks fibrosis as an irreversible pathological sequela. As such, there is a pressing need to improve our understanding of how fibrosis develops at the cellular and molecular levels and explore specific targeted therapies for these pathogenic mechanisms. It is now generally accepted that renal fibrosis is a pathological transition mediated by extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, abnormal activation of myofibroblasts, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of renal tubular epithelial cells under the regulation of TGF-β. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) appear to play an essential role in promoting renal fibrosis through non-histone epigenetic modifications. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of renal fibrosis and the signaling pathways that might be involved in HDACs in renal fibrosis, and the specific mechanisms of action of various HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) in the anti-fibrotic process to elucidate HDACi as a novel therapeutic tool to slow down the progression of renal fibrosis.
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80
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Duan Z, Lin X, Wang L, Zhen Q, Jiang Y, Chen C, Yang J, Lee CH, Qin Y, Li Y, Zhao B, Wang J, Zhang Z. Specificity of TGF-β1 signal designated by LRRC33 and integrin α Vβ 8. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4988. [PMID: 36008481 PMCID: PMC9411592 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32655-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid lineage cells present the latent form of transforming growth factor-β1 (L-TGF-β1) to the membrane using an anchor protein LRRC33. Integrin αVβ8 activates extracellular L-TGF-β1 to trigger the downstream signaling functions. However, the mechanism designating the specificity of TGF-β1 presentation and activation remains incompletely understood. Here, we report cryo-EM structures of human L-TGF-β1/LRRC33 and integrin αVβ8/L-TGF-β1 complexes. Combined with biochemical and cell-based analyses, we demonstrate that LRRC33 only presents L-TGF-β1 but not the -β2 or -β3 isoforms due to difference of key residues on the growth factor domains. Moreover, we reveal a 2:2 binding mode of integrin αVβ8 and L-TGF-β1, which shows higher avidity and more efficient L-TGF-β1 activation than previously reported 1:2 binding mode. We also uncover that the disulfide-linked loop of the integrin subunit β8 determines its exquisite affinity to L-TGF-β1. Together, our findings provide important insights into the specificity of TGF-β1 signaling achieved by LRRC33 and integrin αVβ8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelin Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Xuezhen Lin
- Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lixia Wang
- Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiuxin Zhen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Yuefeng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Chuxin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Chia-Hsueh Lee
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Yan Qin
- Parthenon Therapeutics, 40 Guest street, Boston, MA, 02135, USA
| | - Ying Li
- Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jianchuan Wang
- Center for Translational Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, 518007, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
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81
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Li H, Chang HM, Li S, Klausen C, Shi Z, Leung PC. Characterization of the roles of amphiregulin and transforming growth factor β1 in microvasculature-like formation in human granulosa-lutein cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:968166. [PMID: 36092732 PMCID: PMC9448859 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.968166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial-cadherin (VE-cadherin) is an essential component that regulates angiogenesis during corpus luteum formation. Amphiregulin (AREG) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) are two intrafollicular factors that possess opposite functions in directing corpus luteum development and progesterone synthesis in human granulosa-lutein (hGL) cells. However, whether AREG or TGF-β1 regulates the VE-cadherin expression and subsequent angiogenesis in the human corpus luteum remains to be elucidated. Results showed that hGL cells cultured on Matrigel spontaneously formed capillary-like and sprout-like microvascular networks. Results of specific inhibitor treatment and small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown revealed that AREG promoteed microvascular-like formation in hGL cells by upregulating the VE-cadherin expression mediated by the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathway. However, TGF-β1 suppressed microvascular-like formation in hGL cells by downregulating VE-cadherin expression mediated by the activin receptor-like kinase (ALK)5-Sma- and Mad-related protein (SMAD)2/3/4 signaling pathway. Collectively, this study provides important insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms by which TGF-β1 and AREG differentially regulate corpus luteum formation in human ovaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hsun-Ming Chang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Hsun-Ming Chang, ; Peter C.K. Leung,
| | - Saijiao Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Christian Klausen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Zhendan Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Peter C.K. Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Hsun-Ming Chang, ; Peter C.K. Leung,
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82
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This S, Paidassi H. New perspectives on the regulation of germinal center reaction via αvβ8- mediated activation of TGFβ. Front Immunol 2022; 13:942468. [PMID: 36072589 PMCID: PMC9441935 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.942468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) is a long-known modulator of immune responses but has seemingly contradictory effects on B cells. Among cytokines, TGFβ has the particularity of being produced and secreted in a latent form and must be activated before it can bind to its receptor and induce signaling. While the concept of controlled delivery of TGFβ signaling via αvβ8 integrin-mediated activation has gained some interest in the field of mucosal immunity, the role of this molecular mechanism in regulating T-dependent B cell responses is just emerging. We review here the role of TGFβ and its activation, in particular by αvβ8 integrin, in the regulation of mucosal IgA responses and its demonstrated and putative involvement in regulating germinal center (GC) B cell responses. We examine both the direct effect of TGFβ on GC B cells and its ability to modulate the functions of helper cells, namely follicular T cells (Tfh and Tfr) and follicular dendritic cells. Synthetizing recently published works, we reconcile apparently conflicting data and propose an innovative and unified view on the regulation of the GC reaction by TGFβ, highlighting the role of its activation by αvβ8 integrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien This
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Centre de Recherche de l’Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département de microbiologie, immunologie et infectiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Helena Paidassi
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
- *Correspondence: Helena Paidassi,
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83
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Nagel DJ, Rackow AR, Ku WY, Bell TJ, Sime PJ, Kottmann RM. Cell-Type-Specific Effects of the Ovarian Cancer G-Protein Coupled Receptor (OGR1) on Inflammation and Fibrosis; Potential Implications for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Cells 2022; 11:2540. [PMID: 36010617 PMCID: PMC9406836 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a disease characterized by irreversible lung scarring. The pathophysiology is not fully understood, but the working hypothesis postulates that a combination of epithelial injury and myofibroblast differentiation drives progressive pulmonary fibrosis. We previously demonstrated that a reduction in extracellular pH activates latent TGF-β1, and that TGF-β1 then drives its own activation, creating a feed-forward mechanism that propagates myofibroblast differentiation. Given the important roles of extracellular pH in the progression of pulmonary fibrosis, we sought to identify whether pH mediates other cellular phenotypes independent of TGF-β1. Proton-sensing G-protein coupled receptors are activated by acidic environments, but their role in fibrosis has not been studied. Here, we report that the Ovarian Cancer G-Protein Coupled Receptor1 (OGR1 or GPR68) has dual roles in both promoting and mitigating pulmonary fibrosis. We demonstrate that OGR1 protein expression is significantly reduced in lung tissue from patients with IPF and that TGF-β1 decreases OGR1 expression. In fibroblasts, OGR1 inhibits myofibroblast differentiation and does not contribute to inflammation. However, in epithelial cells, OGR1 promotes epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and inflammation. We then demonstrate that sub-cellular localization and alternative signaling pathways may be responsible for the differential effect of OGR1 in each cell type. Our results suggest that strategies to selectively target OGR1 expression may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Nagel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Ashley R. Rackow
- Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Clinical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Wei-Yao Ku
- BMW of North America, Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07675, USA
| | - Tyler J. Bell
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Patricia J. Sime
- Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Robert Matthew Kottmann
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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microRNA Expression Profile of Purified Alveolar Epithelial Type II Cells. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13081420. [PMID: 36011331 PMCID: PMC9407429 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar type II (ATII) cells are essential for the maintenance of the alveolar homeostasis. However, knowledge of the expression of the miRNAs and miRNA-regulated networks which control homeostasis and coordinate diverse functions of murine ATII cells is limited. Therefore, we asked how miRNAs expressed in ATII cells might contribute to the regulation of signaling pathways. We purified “untouched by antibodies” ATII cells using a flow cytometric sorting method with a highly autofluorescent population of lung cells. TaqMan® miRNA low-density arrays were performed on sorted cells and intersected with miRNA profiles of ATII cells isolated according to a previously published protocol. Of 293 miRNAs expressed in both ATII preparations, 111 showed equal abundances. The target mRNAs of bona fide ATII miRNAs were used for pathway enrichment analysis. This analysis identified nine signaling pathways with known functions in fibrosis and/or epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In particular, a subset of 19 miRNAs was found to target 21 components of the TGF-β signaling pathway. Three of these miRNAs (miR-16-5p, -17-5p and -30c-5p) were down-modulated by TGF-β1 stimulation in human A549 cells, and concomitant up-regulation of associated mRNA targets (BMPR2, JUN, RUNX2) was observed. These results suggest an important role for miRNAs in maintaining the homeostasis of the TGF-β signaling pathway in ATII cells under physiological conditions.
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85
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Mustafa NH, Jalil J, Zainalabidin S, Saleh MS, Asmadi AY, Kamisah Y. Molecular mechanisms of sacubitril/valsartan in cardiac remodeling. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:892460. [PMID: 36003518 PMCID: PMC9393311 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.892460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases have become a major clinical burden globally. Heart failure is one of the diseases that commonly emanates from progressive uncontrolled hypertension. This gives rise to the need for a new treatment for the disease. Sacubitril/valsartan is a new drug combination that has been approved for patients with heart failure. This review aims to detail the mechanism of action for sacubitril/valsartan in cardiac remodeling, a cellular and molecular process that occurs during the development of heart failure. Accumulating evidence has unveiled the cardioprotective effects of sacubitril/valsartan on cellular and molecular modulation in cardiac remodeling, with recent large-scale randomized clinical trials confirming its supremacy over other traditional heart failure treatments. However, its molecular mechanism of action in cardiac remodeling remains obscure. Therefore, comprehending the molecular mechanism of action of sacubitril/valsartan could help future research to study the drug’s potential therapy to reduce the severity of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Hidayah Mustafa
- Centre for Drug and Herbal Research Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Juriyati Jalil
- Centre for Drug and Herbal Research Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Satirah Zainalabidin
- Program of Biomedical Science, Centre of Applied and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohammed S.M. Saleh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Yusof Asmadi
- Unit of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yusof Kamisah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Yusof Kamisah, ,
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86
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Strickland RG, Garner MA, Gross AK, Girkin CA. Remodeling of the Lamina Cribrosa: Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Approaches for Glaucoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158068. [PMID: 35897642 PMCID: PMC9329908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucomatous optic neuropathy is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in the world. The chronic disease is characterized by optic nerve degeneration and vision field loss. The reduction of intraocular pressure remains the only proven glaucoma treatment, but it does not prevent further neurodegeneration. There are three major classes of cells in the human optic nerve head (ONH): lamina cribrosa (LC) cells, glial cells, and scleral fibroblasts. These cells provide support for the LC which is essential to maintain healthy retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons. All these cells demonstrate responses to glaucomatous conditions through extracellular matrix remodeling. Therefore, investigations into alternative therapies that alter the characteristic remodeling response of the ONH to enhance the survival of RGC axons are prevalent. Understanding major remodeling pathways in the ONH may be key to developing targeted therapies that reduce deleterious remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan G. Strickland
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (R.G.S.); (M.A.G.); (A.K.G.)
| | - Mary Anne Garner
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (R.G.S.); (M.A.G.); (A.K.G.)
| | - Alecia K. Gross
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (R.G.S.); (M.A.G.); (A.K.G.)
| | - Christopher A. Girkin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-205-325-8620
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87
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Zimmer N, Trzeciak ER, Graefen B, Satoh K, Tuettenberg A. GARP as a Therapeutic Target for the Modulation of Regulatory T Cells in Cancer and Autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:928450. [PMID: 35898500 PMCID: PMC9309211 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.928450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Treg) play a critical role in immune homeostasis by suppressing several aspects of the immune response. Herein, Glycoprotein A repetitions predominant (GARP), the docking receptor for latent transforming growth factor (LTGF-β), which promotes its activation, plays a crucial role in maintaining Treg mediated immune tolerance. After activation, Treg uniquely express GARP on their surfaces. Due to its location and function, GARP may represent an important target for immunotherapeutic approaches, including the inhibition of Treg suppression in cancer or the enhancement of suppression in autoimmunity. In the present review, we will clarify the cellular and molecular regulation of GARP expression not only in human Treg but also in other cells present in the tumor microenvironment. We will also examine the overall roles of GARP in the regulation of the immune system. Furthermore, we will explore potential applications of GARP as a predictive and therapeutic biomarker as well as the targeting of GARP itself in immunotherapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Zimmer
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Emily R. Trzeciak
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Barbara Graefen
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kazuki Satoh
- Early Clinical Development Department, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Andrea Tuettenberg
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- *Correspondence: Andrea Tuettenberg,
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88
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The Role of the Fibronectin Synergy Site for Skin Wound Healing. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132100. [PMID: 35805184 PMCID: PMC9265582 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin is constantly exposed to injuries that are repaired with different outcomes, either regeneration or scarring. Scars result from fibrotic processes modulated by cellular physical forces transmitted by integrins. Fibronectin (FN) is a major component in the provisional matrix assembled to repair skin wounds. FN enables cell adhesion binding of α5β1/αIIbβ3 and αv-class integrins to an RGD-motif. An additional linkage for α5/αIIb is the synergy site located in close proximity to the RGD motif. The mutation to impair the FN synergy region (Fn1syn/syn) demonstrated that its absence permits complete development. However, only with the additional engagement to the FN synergy site do cells efficiently resist physical forces. To test how the synergy site-mediated adhesion affects the course of wound healing fibrosis, we used a mouse model of skin injury and in-vitro migration studies with keratinocytes and fibroblasts on FNsyn. The loss of FN synergy site led to normal re-epithelialization caused by two opposing migratory defects of activated keratinocytes and, in the dermis, induced reduced fibrotic responses, with lower contents of myofibroblasts and FN deposition and diminished TGF-β1-mediated cell signalling. We demonstrate that weakened α5β1-mediated traction forces on FNsyn cause reduced TGF-β1 release from its latent complex.
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89
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Wintruba KL, Hill JC, Richards TD, Lee YC, Kaczorowski DJ, Sultan I, Badylak SF, Billaud M, Gleason TG, Phillippi JA. Adventitia-derived extracellular matrix hydrogel enhances contractility of human vasa vasorum-derived pericytes via α 2 β 1 integrin and TGFβ receptor. J Biomed Mater Res A 2022; 110:1912-1920. [PMID: 35770946 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Pericytes are essential components of small blood vessels and are found in human aortic vasa vasorum. Prior work uncovered lower vasa vasorum density and decreased levels of pro-angiogenic growth factors in adventitial specimens of human ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm. We hypothesized that adventitial extracellular matrix (ECM) from normal aorta promotes pericyte function by increasing pericyte contractile function through mechanisms deficient in ECM derived from aneurysmal aortic adventitia. ECM biomaterials were prepared as lyophilized particulates from decellularized adventitial specimens of human and porcine aorta. Immortalized human aortic adventitia-derived pericytes were cultured within Type I collagen gels in the presence or absence of human or porcine adventitial ECMs. Cell contractility index was quantified by measuring the gel area immediately following gelation and after 48 h of culture. Normal human and porcine adventitial ECM increased contractility of pericytes when compared with pericytes cultured in absence of adventitial ECM. In contrast, aneurysm-derived human adventitial ECM failed to promote pericyte contractility. Pharmacological inhibition of TGFβR1 and antibody blockade of α2 β1 integrin independently decreased porcine adventitial ECM-induced pericyte contractility. By increasing pericyte contractility, adventitial ECM may improve microvascular function and thus represents a candidate biomaterial for less invasive and preventative treatment of human ascending aortic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn L Wintruba
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jennifer C Hill
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tara D Richards
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yoojin C Lee
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David J Kaczorowski
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ibrahim Sultan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stephen F Badylak
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marie Billaud
- Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thomas G Gleason
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Julie A Phillippi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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90
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Events Occurring in the Axotomized Facial Nucleus. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132068. [PMID: 35805151 PMCID: PMC9266054 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Transection of the rat facial nerve leads to a variety of alterations not only in motoneurons, but also in glial cells and inhibitory neurons in the ipsilateral facial nucleus. In injured motoneurons, the levels of energy metabolism-related molecules are elevated, while those of neurofunction-related molecules are decreased. In tandem with these motoneuron changes, microglia are activated and start to proliferate around injured motoneurons, and astrocytes become activated for a long period without mitosis. Inhibitory GABAergic neurons reduce the levels of neurofunction-related molecules. These facts indicate that injured motoneurons somehow closely interact with glial cells and inhibitory neurons. At the same time, these events allow us to predict the occurrence of tissue remodeling in the axotomized facial nucleus. This review summarizes the events occurring in the axotomized facial nucleus and the cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with each event.
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91
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Guo T, He C, Venado A, Zhou Y. Extracellular Matrix Stiffness in Lung Health and Disease. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:3523-3558. [PMID: 35766837 PMCID: PMC10088466 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides structural support and imparts a wide variety of environmental cues to cells. In the past decade, a growing body of work revealed that the mechanical properties of the ECM, commonly known as matrix stiffness, regulate the fundamental cellular processes of the lung. There is growing appreciation that mechanical interplays between cells and associated ECM are essential to maintain lung homeostasis. Dysregulation of ECM-derived mechanical signaling via altered mechanosensing and mechanotransduction pathways is associated with many common lung diseases. Matrix stiffening is a hallmark of lung fibrosis. The stiffened ECM is not merely a sequelae of lung fibrosis but can actively drive the progression of fibrotic lung disease. In this article, we provide a comprehensive view on the role of matrix stiffness in lung health and disease. We begin by summarizing the effects of matrix stiffness on the function and behavior of various lung cell types and on regulation of biomolecule activity and key physiological processes, including host immune response and cellular metabolism. We discuss the potential mechanisms by which cells probe matrix stiffness and convert mechanical signals to regulate gene expression. We highlight the factors that govern matrix stiffness and outline the role of matrix stiffness in lung development and the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer. We envision targeting of deleterious matrix mechanical cues for treatment of fibrotic lung disease. Advances in technologies for matrix stiffness measurements and design of stiffness-tunable matrix substrates are also explored. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:3523-3558, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Guo
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central-South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chao He
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Aida Venado
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yong Zhou
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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92
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Oka K. Fibrillin protein, a candidate for creating a suitable scaffold in PDL regeneration while avoiding ankylosis. Genesis 2022; 60:e23486. [PMID: 35678273 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The tooth is stabilized by fiber-rich tissue called the periodontal ligament (PDL). The narrow space of the PDL does not calcify in the physiological state even thought it exists between two calcified tissues, namely, the cementum of the root and alveolar bone. Two situations that require PDL regeneration are periodontitis and dental trauma. Periodontitis induces the loss of PDL and alveolar bone due to inflammation related to infection. Conversely, in PDLs damaged by dental trauma, accelerating bone formation as an overreaction of the healing process is induced, thereby inducing dentoalveolar ankylosis at the tooth root surface. PDL regeneration following dental trauma must therefore be considered separately from periodontitis. Therefore, PDL regeneration in dental trauma must be considered separately from periodontitis. This review focuses on the components involved in avoiding dentoalveolar ankylosis, including oxytalan fibers, aggregated microfibrils, epithelial cell rests of Malassez (ERM), and TGF-β signaling. During root development, oxytalan fibers produced by PDL cells work in collaboration with the epithelial components in the PDL (e.g., Hertwig's root sheath [HERS] and ERM). We herein describe the functions of oxytalan fibers, ERM, and TGF-β signals which are involved in the avoidance of bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Oka
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Growth and Development, Oral Medicine Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
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93
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Haslem L, Hays JM, Hays FA. p66Shc in Cardiovascular Pathology. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111855. [PMID: 35681549 PMCID: PMC9180016 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
p66Shc is a widely expressed protein that governs a variety of cardiovascular pathologies by generating, and exacerbating, pro-apoptotic ROS signals. Here, we review p66Shc’s connections to reactive oxygen species, expression, localization, and discuss p66Shc signaling and mitochondrial functions. Emphasis is placed on recent p66Shc mitochondrial function discoveries including structure/function relationships, ROS identity and regulation, mechanistic insights, and how p66Shc-cyt c interactions can influence p66Shc mitochondrial function. Based on recent findings, a new p66Shc mitochondrial function model is also put forth wherein p66Shc acts as a rheostat that can promote or antagonize apoptosis. A discussion of how the revised p66Shc model fits previous findings in p66Shc-mediated cardiovascular pathology follows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Landon Haslem
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (L.H.); (J.M.H.)
| | - Jennifer M. Hays
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (L.H.); (J.M.H.)
| | - Franklin A. Hays
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (L.H.); (J.M.H.)
- Stephenson Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Correspondence:
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94
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Baik JE, Park HJ, Kataru RP, Savetsky IL, Ly CL, Shin J, Encarnacion EM, Cavali MR, Klang MG, Riedel E, Coriddi M, Dayan JH, Mehrara BJ. TGF-β1 mediates pathologic changes of secondary lymphedema by promoting fibrosis and inflammation. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e758. [PMID: 35652284 PMCID: PMC9160979 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Secondary lymphedema is a common complication of cancer treatment, and previous studies have shown that the expression of transforming growth factor‐beta 1 (TGF‐β1), a pro‐fibrotic and anti‐lymphangiogenic growth factor, is increased in this disease. Inhibition of TGF‐β1 decreases the severity of the disease in mouse models; however, the mechanisms that regulate this improvement remain unknown. Methods Expression of TGF‐β1 and extracellular matrix molecules (ECM) was assessed in biopsy specimens from patients with unilateral breast cancer‐related lymphedema (BCRL). The effects of TGF‐β1 inhibition using neutralizing antibodies or a topical formulation of pirfenidone (PFD) were analyzed in mouse models of lymphedema. We also assessed the direct effects of TGF‐β1 on lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) using transgenic mice that expressed a dominant‐negative TGF‐β receptor selectively on LECs (LECDN‐RII). Results The expression of TGF‐β1 and ECM molecules is significantly increased in BCRL skin biopsies. Inhibition of TGF‐β1 in mouse models of lymphedema using neutralizing antibodies or with topical PFD decreased ECM deposition, increased the formation of collateral lymphatics, and inhibited infiltration of T cells. In vitro studies showed that TGF‐β1 in lymphedematous tissues increases fibroblast, lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC), and lymphatic smooth muscle cell stiffness. Knockdown of TGF‐β1 responsiveness in LECDN‐RII resulted in increased lymphangiogenesis and collateral lymphatic formation; however, ECM deposition and fibrosis persisted, and the severity of lymphedema was indistinguishable from controls. Conclusions Our results show that TGF‐β1 is an essential regulator of ECM deposition in secondary lymphedema and that inhibition of this response is a promising means of treating lymphedema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Eun Baik
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Hyeung Ju Park
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Raghu P Kataru
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ira L Savetsky
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Catherine L Ly
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jinyeon Shin
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Elizabeth M Encarnacion
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Michele R Cavali
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Mark G Klang
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Elyn Riedel
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Michelle Coriddi
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Joseph H Dayan
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Babak J Mehrara
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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95
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Ramírez-Martínez G, Jiménez-Álvarez LA, Cruz-Lagunas A, Ignacio-Cortés S, Gómez-García IA, Rodríguez-Reyna TS, Choreño-Parra JA, Zúñiga J. Possible Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases and TGF-β in COVID-19 Severity and Sequelae. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2022; 42:352-368. [PMID: 35647937 PMCID: PMC9422783 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2021.0222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The costs of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are devastating. With millions of deaths worldwide, specific serological biomarkers, antiviral agents, and novel therapies are urgently required to reduce the disease burden. For these purposes, a profound understanding of the pathobiology of COVID-19 is mandatory. Notably, the study of immunity against other respiratory infections has generated reference knowledge to comprehend the paradox of the COVID-19 pathogenesis. Past studies point to a complex interplay between cytokines and other factors mediating wound healing and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling that results in exacerbated inflammation, tissue injury, severe manifestations, and a sequela of respiratory infections. This review provides an overview of the immunological process elicited after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Also, we analyzed available data about the participation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) in immune responses of the lungs. Furthermore, we discuss their possible implications in severe COVID-19 and sequela, including pulmonary fibrosis, and remark on the potential of these molecules as biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of convalescent COVID-19 patients. Our review provides a theoretical framework for future research aimed to discover molecular hallmarks that, combined with clinical features, could serve as therapeutic targets and reliable biomarkers of the different clinical forms of COVID-19, including convalescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Ramírez-Martínez
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas," Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Armando Jiménez-Álvarez
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas," Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Cruz-Lagunas
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas," Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sergio Ignacio-Cortés
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas," Mexico City, Mexico.,Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Itzel Alejandra Gómez-García
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas," Mexico City, Mexico.,Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Tatiana Sofia Rodríguez-Reyna
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Alberto Choreño-Parra
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas," Mexico City, Mexico.,Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Joaquín Zúñiga
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas," Mexico City, Mexico.,Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Mexico City, Mexico
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Deficiency of Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Receptor Is Associated with the Development of Perivascular Fibrosis in Mouse Heart. Bull Exp Biol Med 2022; 173:5-9. [PMID: 35622258 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-022-05480-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
It was suggested that the urokinase system plays a certain role in the regulation of activity of the endothelial-mesenchymal transition and in the development of perivascular fibrosis. Urokinase (uPA), the key component of the urokinase system, is a serine protease that binds to its receptor on the cell surface (uPAR) and affects the cell microenvironment components through the formation of plasmin, remodeling of the extracellular matrix, release of growth factors, and initiation of intracellular signals. The heart of PLAUR gene knockout C57BL/129 (uPAR-/-) mice showed signs of vasculopathy: reduced number of capillaries/arterioles, signs of endothelial-mesenchymal transition in endothelial cells, vascular wall remodeling, and deposition of extracellular matrix components. These changes were combined with enhanced expression of urokinase and active forms of TGF-β1. Apparently, uPAR is a part of a multicomponent system that provides multifaceted regulatory effects on the components of forming vessels and vascular wall cells, which allows considering it as a possible target for targeted antifibrotic therapy.
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97
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TGF-β as a Key Modulator of Astrocyte Reactivity: Disease Relevance and Therapeutic Implications. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051206. [PMID: 35625943 PMCID: PMC9138510 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are essential for normal brain development and functioning. They respond to brain injury and disease through a process referred to as reactive astrogliosis, where the reactivity is highly heterogenous and context-dependent. Reactive astrocytes are active contributors to brain pathology and can exert beneficial, detrimental, or mixed effects following brain insults. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) has been identified as one of the key factors regulating astrocyte reactivity. The genetic and pharmacological manipulation of the TGF-β signaling pathway in animal models of central nervous system (CNS) injury and disease alters pathological and functional outcomes. This review aims to provide recent understanding regarding astrocyte reactivity and TGF-β signaling in brain injury, aging, and neurodegeneration. Further, it explores how TGF-β signaling modulates astrocyte reactivity and function in the context of CNS disease and injury.
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Han X, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Ji H, Wang W, Qiao O, Li X, Wang J, Liu C, Huang L, Gao W. Targeting adipokines: A new strategy for the treatment of myocardial fibrosis. Pharmacol Res 2022; 181:106257. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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99
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Peng D, Fu M, Wang M, Wei Y, Wei X. Targeting TGF-β signal transduction for fibrosis and cancer therapy. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:104. [PMID: 35461253 PMCID: PMC9033932 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01569-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 118.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) has long been identified with its intensive involvement in early embryonic development and organogenesis, immune supervision, tissue repair, and adult homeostasis. The role of TGF-β in fibrosis and cancer is complex and sometimes even contradictory, exhibiting either inhibitory or promoting effects depending on the stage of the disease. Under pathological conditions, overexpressed TGF-β causes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) formation, which leads to fibrotic disease, and cancer. Given the critical role of TGF-β and its downstream molecules in the progression of fibrosis and cancers, therapeutics targeting TGF-β signaling appears to be a promising strategy. However, due to potential systemic cytotoxicity, the development of TGF-β therapeutics has lagged. In this review, we summarized the biological process of TGF-β, with its dual role in fibrosis and tumorigenesis, and the clinical application of TGF-β-targeting therapies.
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100
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Signaling cascades in the failing heart and emerging therapeutic strategies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:134. [PMID: 35461308 PMCID: PMC9035186 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00972-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic heart failure is the end stage of cardiac diseases. With a high prevalence and a high mortality rate worldwide, chronic heart failure is one of the heaviest health-related burdens. In addition to the standard neurohormonal blockade therapy, several medications have been developed for chronic heart failure treatment, but the population-wide improvement in chronic heart failure prognosis over time has been modest, and novel therapies are still needed. Mechanistic discovery and technical innovation are powerful driving forces for therapeutic development. On the one hand, the past decades have witnessed great progress in understanding the mechanism of chronic heart failure. It is now known that chronic heart failure is not only a matter involving cardiomyocytes. Instead, chronic heart failure involves numerous signaling pathways in noncardiomyocytes, including fibroblasts, immune cells, vascular cells, and lymphatic endothelial cells, and crosstalk among these cells. The complex regulatory network includes protein-protein, protein-RNA, and RNA-RNA interactions. These achievements in mechanistic studies provide novel insights for future therapeutic targets. On the other hand, with the development of modern biological techniques, targeting a protein pharmacologically is no longer the sole option for treating chronic heart failure. Gene therapy can directly manipulate the expression level of genes; gene editing techniques provide hope for curing hereditary cardiomyopathy; cell therapy aims to replace dysfunctional cardiomyocytes; and xenotransplantation may solve the problem of donor heart shortages. In this paper, we reviewed these two aspects in the field of failing heart signaling cascades and emerging therapeutic strategies based on modern biological techniques.
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