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Iankova V, Karin I, Klopstock T, Schneider SA. Emerging Disease-Modifying Therapies in Neurodegeneration With Brain Iron Accumulation (NBIA) Disorders. Front Neurol 2021; 12:629414. [PMID: 33935938 PMCID: PMC8082061 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.629414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration with Brain Iron Accumulation (NBIA) is a heterogeneous group of progressive neurodegenerative diseases characterized by iron deposition in the globus pallidus and the substantia nigra. As of today, 15 distinct monogenetic disease entities have been identified. The four most common forms are pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN), phospholipase A2 group VI (PLA2G6)-associated neurodegeneration (PLAN), beta-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration (BPAN) and mitochondrial membrane protein-associated neurodegeneration (MPAN). Neurodegeneration with Brain Iron Accumulation disorders present with a wide spectrum of clinical symptoms such as movement disorder signs (dystonia, parkinsonism, chorea), pyramidal involvement (e.g., spasticity), speech disorders, cognitive decline, psychomotor retardation, and ocular abnormalities. Treatment remains largely symptomatic but new drugs are in the pipeline. In this review, we discuss the rationale of new compounds, summarize results from clinical trials, provide an overview of important results in cell lines and animal models and discuss the future development of disease-modifying therapies for NBIA disorders. A general mechanistic approach for treatment of NBIA disorders is with iron chelators which bind and remove iron. Few studies investigated the effect of deferiprone in PKAN, including a recent placebo-controlled double-blind multicenter trial, demonstrating radiological improvement with reduction of iron load in the basal ganglia and a trend to slowing of disease progression. Disease-modifying strategies address the specific metabolic pathways of the affected enzyme. Such tailor-made approaches include provision of an alternative substrate (e.g., fosmetpantotenate or 4′-phosphopantetheine for PKAN) in order to bypass the defective enzyme. A recent randomized controlled trial of fosmetpantotenate, however, did not show any significant benefit of the drug as compared to placebo, leading to early termination of the trials' extension phase. 4′-phosphopantetheine showed promising results in animal models and a clinical study in patients is currently underway. Another approach is the activation of other enzyme isoforms using small molecules (e.g., PZ-2891 in PKAN). There are also compounds which counteract downstream cellular effects. For example, deuterated polyunsaturated fatty acids (D-PUFA) may reduce mitochondrial lipid peroxidation in PLAN. In infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (a subtype of PLAN), desipramine may be repurposed as it blocks ceramide accumulation. Gene replacement therapy is still in a preclinical stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassilena Iankova
- Department of Neurology With Friedrich Baur Institute, University Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ivan Karin
- Department of Neurology With Friedrich Baur Institute, University Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Klopstock
- Department of Neurology With Friedrich Baur Institute, University Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne A Schneider
- Department of Neurology With Friedrich Baur Institute, University Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Ahn H, Moon HJ, Jeon B. A Case of PLA2G6-Associated Neurodegeneration with Frequent Myoclonus And Generalized Onset Tonic-Clonic Seizures: Successful Treatment with Zonisamide. J Clin Neurol 2021; 17:319-321. [PMID: 33835755 PMCID: PMC8053536 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2021.17.2.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hongchul Ahn
- Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Hye Jin Moon
- Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea.
| | - Beomseok Jeon
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Erskine D, Koss D, Korolchuk VI, Outeiro TF, Attems J, McKeith I. Lipids, lysosomes and mitochondria: insights into Lewy body formation from rare monogenic disorders. Acta Neuropathol 2021; 141:511-526. [PMID: 33515275 PMCID: PMC7952289 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-021-02266-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of the protein α-synuclein into insoluble intracellular deposits termed Lewy bodies (LBs) is the characteristic neuropathological feature of LB diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD), Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) and dementia with LB (DLB). α-Synuclein aggregation is thought to be a critical pathogenic event in the aetiology of LB disease, based on genetic analyses, fundamental studies using model systems, and the observation of LB pathology in post-mortem tissue. However, some monogenic disorders not traditionally characterised as synucleinopathies, such as lysosomal storage disorders, iron storage disorders and mitochondrial diseases, appear disproportionately vulnerable to the deposition of LBs, perhaps suggesting the process of LB formation may be a result of processes perturbed as a result of these conditions. The present review discusses biological pathways common to monogenic disorders associated with LB formation, identifying catabolic processes, particularly related to lipid homeostasis, autophagy and mitochondrial function, as processes that could contribute to LB formation. These findings are discussed in the context of known mediators of α-synuclein aggregation, highlighting the potential influence of impairments to these processes in the aetiology of LB formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Erskine
- Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - David Koss
- Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Viktor I Korolchuk
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Tiago F Outeiro
- Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Goettingen, Germany
- Scientific Employee With an Honorary Contract at Deutsches Zentrum Für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Attems
- Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ian McKeith
- Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Vos M, Klein C. The Importance of Drosophila melanogaster Research to UnCover Cellular Pathways Underlying Parkinson's Disease. Cells 2021; 10:579. [PMID: 33800736 PMCID: PMC7998316 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder that is currently incurable. As a consequence of an incomplete understanding of the etiology of the disease, therapeutic strategies mainly focus on symptomatic treatment. Even though the majority of PD cases remain idiopathic (~90%), several genes have been identified to be causative for PD, facilitating the generation of animal models that are a good alternative to study disease pathways and to increase our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of PD. Drosophila melanogaster has proven to be an excellent model in these studies. In this review, we will discuss the different PD models in flies and key findings identified in flies in different affected pathways in PD. Several molecular changes have been identified, of which mitochondrial dysfunction and a defective endo-lysosomal pathway emerge to be the most relevant for PD pathogenesis. Studies in flies have significantly contributed to our knowledge of how disease genes affect and interact in these pathways enabling a better understanding of the disease etiology and providing possible therapeutic targets for the treatment of PD, some of which have already resulted in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Vos
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, Building 67, 23562 Luebeck, Germany
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, Building 67, 23562 Luebeck, Germany
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Phospholipase iPLA 2β averts ferroptosis by eliminating a redox lipid death signal. Nat Chem Biol 2021; 17:465-476. [PMID: 33542532 PMCID: PMC8152680 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-020-00734-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis, triggered by discoordination of iron, thiols and lipids, leads to the accumulation of 15-hydroperoxy (Hp)-arachidonoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (15-HpETE-PE), generated by complexes of 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX) and a scaffold protein, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)-binding protein (PEBP)1. As the Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2β (iPLA2β, PLA2G6 or PNPLA9 gene) can preferentially hydrolyze peroxidized phospholipids, it may eliminate the ferroptotic 15-HpETE-PE death signal. Here, we demonstrate that by hydrolyzing 15-HpETE-PE, iPLA2β averts ferroptosis, whereas its genetic or pharmacological inactivation sensitizes cells to ferroptosis. Given that PLA2G6 mutations relate to neurodegeneration, we examined fibroblasts from a patient with a Parkinson's disease (PD)-associated mutation (fPDR747W) and found selectively decreased 15-HpETE-PE-hydrolyzing activity, 15-HpETE-PE accumulation and elevated sensitivity to ferroptosis. CRISPR-Cas9-engineered Pnpla9R748W/R748W mice exhibited progressive parkinsonian motor deficits and 15-HpETE-PE accumulation. Elevated 15-HpETE-PE levels were also detected in midbrains of rotenone-infused parkinsonian rats and α-synuclein-mutant SncaA53T mice, with decreased iPLA2β expression and a PD-relevant phenotype. Thus, iPLA2β is a new ferroptosis regulator, and its mutations may be implicated in PD pathogenesis.
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Zhou Y, Zhang J, Wang X, Peng Q, Shang X. Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia associated with a novel POLG variant: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e24395. [PMID: 33530235 PMCID: PMC7850660 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000024395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD) is a rare neurological disease characterized by recurrent dyskinesia or choreoathetosis triggered by sudden movements. Pathogenic variants in PRRT2 are the main cause of PKD. However, only about half of clinically diagnosed PKD patients have PRRT2 mutations, indicating that additional undiscovered causative genes could be implicated. PKD associated with POLG variant has not been reported. PATIENT CONCERNS A 14-year-old boy presented with a 2-month history of involuntary dystonic movements triggered by sudden activities. He was conscious during the attacks. Neurological examination, laboratory tests, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), electroencephalogram (EEG) were all normal. Genetic analysis showed a novel variant of POLG (c.440G>T, p.Ser147Ile), which was considered to be a likely pathogenic variant in this case. DIAGNOSES The patient was diagnosed with PKD. INTERVENTIONS Low dose carbamazepine was used orally for treatment. OUTCOMES The patient achieved complete resolution of symptoms without any dyskinesia during the 6-month follow up. CONCLUSION Our study identified the novel POLG variant (c.440G>T, p.Ser147Ile) to be a likely pathogenic variant in PKD.
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Gopurappilly R. Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived Neurons as In Vitro Models for Studying Autosomal Recessive Parkinson's Disease (ARPD): PLA2G6 and Other Gene Loci. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1347:115-133. [PMID: 33990932 PMCID: PMC7612166 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2021_643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative motor disorder which is largely sporadic; however, some familial forms have been identified. Genetic PD can be inherited by autosomal, dominant or recessive mutations. While the dominant mutations mirror the prototype of PD with adult-onset and L-dopa-responsive cases, autosomal recessive PD (ARPD) exhibit atypical phenotypes with additional clinical manifestations. Young-onset PD is also very common with mutations in recessive gene loci. The main genes associated with ARPD are Parkin, PINK1, DJ-1, ATP13A2, FBXO7 and PLA2G6. Calcium dyshomeostasis is a mainstay in all types of PD, be it genetic or sporadic. Intriguingly, calcium imbalances manifesting as altered Store-Operated Calcium Entry (SOCE) is suggested in PLA2G6-linked PARK 14 PD. The common pathways underlying ARPD pathology, including mitochondrial abnormalities and autophagic dysfunction, can be investigated ex vivo using induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology and are discussed here. PD pathophysiology is not faithfully replicated by animal models, and, therefore, nigral dopaminergic neurons generated from iPSC serve as improved human cellular models. With no cure to date and treatments aiming at symptomatic relief, these in vitro models derived through midbrain floor-plate induction provide a platform to understand the molecular and biochemical pathways underlying PD etiology in a patient-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjitha Gopurappilly
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, India.
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58
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Zhao Y, Qin L, Pan H, Liu Z, Jiang L, He Y, Zeng Q, Zhou X, Zhou X, Zhou Y, Fang Z, Wang Z, Xiang Y, Yang H, Wang Y, Zhang K, Zhang R, He R, Zhou X, Zhou Z, Yang N, Liang D, Chen J, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Liu H, Deng P, Xu K, Xu K, Zhou C, Zhong J, Xu Q, Sun Q, Li B, Zhao G, Wang T, Chen L, Shang H, Liu W, Chan P, Xue Z, Wang Q, Guo L, Wang X, Xu C, Zhang Z, Chen T, Lei L, Zhang H, Wang C, Tan J, Yan X, Shen L, Jiang H, Zhang Z, Hu Z, Xia K, Yue Z, Li J, Guo J, Tang B. The role of genetics in Parkinson's disease: a large cohort study in Chinese mainland population. Brain 2020; 143:2220-2234. [PMID: 32613234 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the mutational spectrum of familial Parkinson's disease and sporadic early-onset Parkinson's disease (sEOPD) in a mainland Chinese population and the clinical features of mutation carriers. We performed multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification assays and whole-exome sequencing for 1676 unrelated patients with Parkinson's disease in a mainland Chinese population, including 192 probands from families with autosomal-recessive Parkinson's disease, 242 probands from families with autosomal-dominant Parkinson's disease, and 1242 sEOPD patients (age at onset ≤ 50). According to standards and guidelines from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in 23 known Parkinson's disease-associated genes occurred more frequently in the autosomal-recessive Parkinson's disease cohort (65 of 192, 33.85%) than in the autosomal-dominant Parkinson's disease cohort (10 of 242, 4.13%) and the sEOPD cohort (57 of 1242, 4.59%), which leads to an overall molecular diagnostic yield of 7.88% (132 of 1676). We found that PRKN was the most frequently mutated gene (n = 83, 4.95%) and present the first evidence of an SNCA duplication and LRRK2 p.N1437D variant in mainland China. In addition, several novel pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants including LRRK2 (p.V1447M and p.Y1645S), ATP13A2 (p.R735X and p.A819D), FBXO7 (p.G67E), LRP10 (c.322dupC/p.G109Rfs*51) and TMEM230 (c.429delT/p.P144Qfs*2) were identified in our cohort. Furthermore, the age at onset of the 132 probands with genetic diagnoses (median, 31.5 years) was about 14.5 years earlier than that of patients without molecular diagnoses (i.e. non-carriers, median 46.0 years). Specifically, the age at onset of Parkinson's disease patients with pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in ATP13A2, PLA2G6, PRKN, or PINK1 was significantly lower than that of non-carriers, while the age at onset of carriers with other gene pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants was similar to that of non-carriers. The clinical spectrum of Parkinson's disease-associated gene carriers in this mainland Chinese population was similar to that of other populations. We also detected 61 probands with GBA possibly pathogenic variants (3.64%) and 59 probands with GBA p.L444P (3.52%). These results shed insight into the genetic spectrum and clinical manifestations of Parkinson's disease in mainland China and expand the existing repertoire of pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants involved in known Parkinson's disease-associated genes. Our data highlight the importance of genetic testing in Parkinson's disease patients with age at onset < 40 years, especially in those from families with a recessive inheritance pattern, who may benefit from early diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Lixia Qin
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Hongxu Pan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yan He
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Qian Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xun Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yangjie Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Zhenghuan Fang
- Centre for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yaqin Xiang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Honglan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yige Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Kailin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Runcheng He
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xiaoting Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Nannan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Dongxiao Liang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xuxiang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yao Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Hongli Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Penghui Deng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Kun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Chaojun Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Junfei Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Qiying Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Bin Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Guihu Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Huifang Shang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Weiguo Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Piu Chan
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China.,Parkinson's Disease Center, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zheng Xue
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, China
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Xuejing Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450047, China
| | - Changshui Xu
- Department of Neurology, Henan provincial people's hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Zhentao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, Hainan 570311, China
| | - Lifang Lei
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Hainan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Chunyu Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Jieqiong Tan
- Centre for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xinxiang Yan
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Lu Shen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Zhuohua Zhang
- Centre for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Zhengmao Hu
- Centre for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Kun Xia
- Centre for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Zhenyu Yue
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jinchen Li
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Centre for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Jifeng Guo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Centre for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Centre for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
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59
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Raj K, Giger U. Initial survey of PLA2G6 missense variant causing neuroaxonal dystrophy in Papillon dogs in North America and Europe. Canine Med Genet 2020; 7:17. [PMID: 33292730 PMCID: PMC7706237 DOI: 10.1186/s40575-020-00098-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An autosomal recessive, rapidly progressive degenerative neuropathy known as infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (NAD) was originally reported in Papillion puppies in 1995. In 2015, a causative missense variant in the PLA2G6 gene was identified in three affected puppies. Archived samples from Papillons clinically diagnosed with NAD prior to 2015 as well as samples obtained from 660 Papillons from North America and Europe between 2015 and 2017 were screened for the presence of this PLA2G6 gene variant (XM_022424454.1:c.1579G > A) using a TaqMan assay. RESULTS Archived samples from affected puppies diagnosed prior to 2015 and three more recently acquired samples from Papillons clinically affected with NAD were all homozygous for the variant. SIFT analysis predicts that the PLA2G6 missense substitution (XP_022280162.1:p.Ala527Thr) will not be tolerated in the iPLA2β protein. Notably, 17.5% of the 660 tested Papillons were heterozygotes, resulting in a variant allele frequency of 0.092 in this initial survey. Since then, screening for NAD in Papillons by at least 10 other laboratories and data from the Health Committee of Papillon Club of America gathered between 2017 and 2019 reveal a variant allele frequency of 0.047. CONCLUSIONS This survey and data from other laboratories documents the widespread presence of the PLA2G6 variant in the Papillon population in North America and Europe. Despite the apparent declining prevalence of the PLA2G6 variant, screening of Papillons intended for breeding is still recommended to avoid inadvertent production of puppies with infantile NAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Raj
- Section of Medical Genetics (PennGen Laboratories), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3900 Delancey St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6010, USA
| | - Urs Giger
- Section of Medical Genetics (PennGen Laboratories), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3900 Delancey St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6010, USA.
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Allouche S. Reevaluating the pathogenicity of the variations c.439 G>A and c.2132 C>T in the PLA2G6 gene. J Genet 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-020-01246-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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61
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Liu H, Wang Y, Pan H, Xu K, Jiang L, Zhao Y, Xu Q, Sun Q, Tan J, Yan X, Li J, Tang B, Guo J. Association of rare heterozygous PLA2G6 variants with the risk of Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 101:297.e5-297.e8. [PMID: 33279242 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The PLA2G6 gene has been identified as a causative gene for autosomal recessive early-onset dystonia-parkinsonism. Possible association was reported between single heterozygous PLA2G6 mutation and the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD), which, however, remained inconclusive. To clarify the effect of heterozygous PLA2G6 variants on the risk of PD, a total of 3710 patients with PD and 2636 controls of Chinese mainland population were recruited and genotyped by whole-exome sequencing or whole-genome sequencing. Variants in the PLA2G6 coding region were extracted and subjected to burden analysis using the optimal sequence kernel association test. In total, we identified 86 rare heterozygous variants in the PLA2G6 coding region, whereas no significant difference was found between cases and controls. Therefore, we found no supportive evidence for heterozygous PLA2G6 variants being a risk factor for PD in Chinese mainland population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yige Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hongxu Pan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuwen Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiying Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jieqiong Tan
- Centre for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xinxiang Yan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jinchen Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Centre for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Centre for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Jifeng Guo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Centre for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Mufti K, Rudakou U, Yu E, Krohn L, Ruskey JA, Asayesh F, Laurent SB, Spiegelman D, Arnulf I, Hu MTM, Montplaisir JY, Gagnon JF, Desautels A, Dauvilliers Y, Gigli GL, Valente M, Janes F, Högl B, Stefani A, Holzknecht E, Šonka K, Kemlink D, Oertel W, Janzen A, Plazzi G, Antelmi E, Figorilli M, Puligheddu M, Mollenhauer B, Trenkwalder C, Sixel-Döring F, Cochen De Cock V, Monaca CC, Heidbreder A, Ferini-Strambi L, Dijkstra F, Viaene M, Abril B, Boeve BF, Postuma RB, Rouleau GA, Gan-Or Z. Comprehensive Analysis of Familial Parkinsonism Genes in Rapid-Eye-Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder. Mov Disord 2020; 36:235-240. [PMID: 33001463 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is only partial overlap in the genetic background of isolated rapid-eye-movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). OBJECTIVE To examine the role of autosomal dominant and recessive PD or atypical parkinsonism genes in the risk of iRBD. METHODS Ten genes, comprising the recessive genes PRKN, DJ-1 (PARK7), PINK1, VPS13C, ATP13A2, FBXO7, and PLA2G6 and the dominant genes LRRK2, GCH1, and VPS35, were fully sequenced in 1039 iRBD patients and 1852 controls of European ancestry, followed by association tests. RESULTS We found no association between rare heterozygous variants in the tested genes and risk of iRBD. Several homozygous and compound heterozygous carriers were identified, yet there was no overrepresentation in iRBD patients versus controls. CONCLUSION Our results do not support a major role for variants in these genes in the risk of iRBD. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kheireddin Mufti
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Uladzislau Rudakou
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Eric Yu
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Lynne Krohn
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jennifer A Ruskey
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Farnaz Asayesh
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sandra B Laurent
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Dan Spiegelman
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Isabelle Arnulf
- Sleep Disorders Unit, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière and Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Michele T M Hu
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre (OPDC), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jacques Y Montplaisir
- Centre d'Études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-François Gagnon
- Centre d'Études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Alex Desautels
- Centre d'Études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Yves Dauvilliers
- National Reference Center for Narcolepsy, Sleep Unit, Department of Neurology, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Gian Luigi Gigli
- Clinical Neurology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy.,Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Valente
- Clinical Neurology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy.,Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Francesco Janes
- Clinical Neurology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Birgit Högl
- Sleep Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ambra Stefani
- Sleep Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Evi Holzknecht
- Sleep Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Karel Šonka
- Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Kemlink
- Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Wolfgang Oertel
- Department of Neurology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Annette Janzen
- Department of Neurology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Plazzi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS, Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Antelmi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Neurology Unit, Movement Disorders Division, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Michela Figorilli
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Sleep Disorder Research Center, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Monica Puligheddu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Sleep Disorder Research Center, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Brit Mollenhauer
- Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Kassel, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Trenkwalder
- Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Kassel, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Friederike Sixel-Döring
- Department of Neurology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany.,Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Kassel, Germany
| | - Valérie Cochen De Cock
- Sleep and Neurology Unit, Beau Soleil Clinic, Montpellier, France.,EuroMov, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Christelle Charley Monaca
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology and Sleep Center, University Lille North of France, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Anna Heidbreder
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Disorders, University of Müenster, Müenster, Germany
| | - Luigi Ferini-Strambi
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Femke Dijkstra
- Laboratory for Sleep Disorders, St. Dimpna Regional Hospital, Geel, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, St. Dimpna Regional Hospital, Geel, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Mineke Viaene
- Laboratory for Sleep Disorders, St. Dimpna Regional Hospital, Geel, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, St. Dimpna Regional Hospital, Geel, Belgium
| | - Beatriz Abril
- Sleep Disorder Unit, Carémeau Hospital, University Hospital of Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Bradley F Boeve
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ronald B Postuma
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Centre d'Études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Guy A Rouleau
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ziv Gan-Or
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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D’Mello SR, Kindy MC. Overdosing on iron: Elevated iron and degenerative brain disorders. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 245:1444-1473. [PMID: 32878460 PMCID: PMC7553095 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220953065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Brain degenerative disorders, which include some neurodevelopmental disorders and age-associated diseases, cause debilitating neurological deficits and are generally fatal. A large body of emerging evidence indicates that iron accumulation in neurons within specific regions of the brain plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many of these disorders. Iron homeostasis is a highly complex and incompletely understood process involving a large number of regulatory molecules. Our review provides a description of what is known about how iron is obtained by the body and brain and how defects in the homeostatic processes could contribute to the development of brain diseases, focusing on Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease as well as four other disorders belonging to a class of inherited conditions referred to as neurodegeneration based on iron accumulation (NBIA) disorders. A description of potential therapeutic approaches being tested for each of these different disorders is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark C Kindy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- James A. Haley Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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64
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Lee JH, Yun JY, Gregory A, Hogarth P, Hayflick SJ. Brain MRI Pattern Recognition in Neurodegeneration With Brain Iron Accumulation. Front Neurol 2020; 11:1024. [PMID: 33013674 PMCID: PMC7511538 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.01024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Most neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) disorders can be distinguished by identifying characteristic changes on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in combination with clinical findings. However, a significant number of patients with an NBIA disorder confirmed by genetic testing have MRI features that are atypical for their specific disease. The appearance of specific MRI patterns depends on the stage of the disease and the patient's age at evaluation. MRI interpretation can be challenging because of heterogeneously acquired MRI datasets, individual interpreter bias, and lack of quantitative data. Therefore, optimal acquisition and interpretation of MRI data are needed to better define MRI phenotypes in NBIA disorders. The stepwise approach outlined here may help to identify NBIA disorders and delineate the natural course of MRI-identified changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hyeok Lee
- Department of Neurology, Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan-si, South Korea
| | - Ji Young Yun
- Department of Neurology, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Allison Gregory
- Departments of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Penelope Hogarth
- Departments of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Susan J Hayflick
- Departments of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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65
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Advani D, Gupta R, Tripathi R, Sharma S, Ambasta RK, Kumar P. Protective role of anticancer drugs in neurodegenerative disorders: A drug repurposing approach. Neurochem Int 2020; 140:104841. [PMID: 32853752 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The disease heterogeneity and little therapeutic progress in neurodegenerative diseases justify the need for novel and effective drug discovery approaches. Drug repurposing is an emerging approach that reinvigorates the classical drug discovery method by divulging new therapeutic uses of existing drugs. The common biological background and inverse tuning between cancer and neurodegeneration give weight to the conceptualization of repurposing of anticancer drugs as novel therapeutics. Many studies are available in the literature, which highlights the success story of anticancer drugs as repurposed therapeutics. Among them, kinase inhibitors, developed for various oncology indications evinced notable neuroprotective effects in neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we shed light on the salient role of multiple protein kinases in neurodegenerative disorders. We also proposed a feasible explanation of the action of kinase inhibitors in neurodegenerative disorders with more attention towards neurodegenerative disorders. The problem of neurotoxicity associated with some anticancer drugs is also highlighted. Our review encourages further research to better encode the hidden potential of anticancer drugs with the aim of developing prospective repurposed drugs with no toxicity for neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dia Advani
- Department of Biotechnology, Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Room# FW4TF3, Mechanical Engineering Building, Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Rohan Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Room# FW4TF3, Mechanical Engineering Building, Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Rahul Tripathi
- Department of Biotechnology, Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Room# FW4TF3, Mechanical Engineering Building, Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Sudhanshu Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Room# FW4TF3, Mechanical Engineering Building, Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Rashmi K Ambasta
- Department of Biotechnology, Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Room# FW4TF3, Mechanical Engineering Building, Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Room# FW4TF3, Mechanical Engineering Building, Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India.
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Daida K, Nishioka K, Li Y, Yoshino H, Shimada T, Dougu N, Nakatsuji Y, Ohara S, Hashimoto T, Okiyama R, Yokochi F, Suzuki C, Tomiyama M, Kimura K, Ueda N, Tanaka F, Yamada H, Fujioka S, Tsuboi Y, Uozumi T, Takei T, Matsuzaki S, Shibasaki M, Kashihara K, Kurisaki R, Yamashita T, Fujita N, Hirata Y, Ii Y, Wada C, Eura N, Sugie K, Higuchi Y, Kojima F, Imai H, Noda K, Shimo Y, Funayama M, Hattori N. PLA2G6 variants associated with the number of affected alleles in Parkinson's disease in Japan. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 97:147.e1-147.e9. [PMID: 32771225 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate genotype-phenotype correlations of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with phospholipase A2 group V (PLA2G6) variants. We analyzed the DNA of 798 patients with PD, including 78 PD patients reported previously, and 336 in-house controls. We screened the exons and exon-intron boundaries of PLA2G6 using the Ion Torrent system and Sanger method. We identified 21 patients with 18 rare variants, such that 1, 9, and 11 patients were homozygous, heterozygous, and compound heterozygous, respectively, with respect to PLA2G6 variants. The allele frequency was approximately equal between patients with familial PD and those with sporadic PD. The PLA2G6 variants detected frequently were identified in the early-onset sporadic PD group. Patients who were homozygous for a variant showed more severe symptoms than those who were heterozygous for the variant. The most common variant was p.R635Q in our cohort, which was considered a risk variant for PD. Thus, the variants of PLA2G6 may play a role in familial PD and early-onset sporadic PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Daida
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenya Nishioka
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yuanzhe Li
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyo Yoshino
- Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyo Shimada
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Dougu
- Department of Neurology, Toyama University Hospital, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakatsuji
- Department of Neurology, Toyama University Hospital, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shinji Ohara
- Department of Neurology, Iida Hospital, Iida, Nagano, Japan
| | | | - Ryoichi Okiyama
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fusako Yokochi
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chieko Suzuki
- Department of Neurology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Masahiko Tomiyama
- Department of Neurology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Katsuo Kimura
- Department of Neurology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Naohisa Ueda
- Department of Neurology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Tanaka
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Shinsuke Fujioka
- Department of Neurology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshio Tsuboi
- Department of Neurology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takenori Uozumi
- Department of Neurology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takanobu Takei
- Department of Neurology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shigeru Matsuzaki
- Shiga Prefectural Mental Health Medical Center, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | | | | | - Ryoichi Kurisaki
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Kumamoto Saishun Medical Center, Koshi, Kumamoto, Japan
| | | | - Nobuya Fujita
- Department of Neurology, Nagaoka Red Cross Hospital, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Hirata
- Department of Neurology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Ii
- Department of Neurology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Chizu Wada
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Akita National Hospital, Yurihonjo, Akita, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Eura
- Department of Neurology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Kazuma Sugie
- Department of Neurology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Yujiro Higuchi
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Fumikazu Kojima
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
| | | | - Kazuyuki Noda
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Izunokuni, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Shimo
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Nerima Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manabu Funayama
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Hayashida A, Li Y, Yoshino H, Daida K, Ikeda A, Ogaki K, Fuse A, Mori A, Takanashi M, Nakahara T, Yoritaka A, Tomizawa Y, Furukawa Y, Kanai K, Nakayama Y, Ito H, Ogino M, Hattori Y, Hattori T, Ichinose Y, Takiyama Y, Saito T, Kimura T, Aizawa H, Shoji H, Mizuno Y, Matsushita T, Sato M, Sekijima Y, Morita M, Iwasaki A, Kusaka H, Tada M, Tanaka F, Sakiyama Y, Fujimoto T, Nagara Y, Kashihara K, Todo H, Nakao K, Tsuruta K, Yoshikawa M, Hara H, Yokote H, Murase N, Nakamagoe K, Tamaoka A, Takamiya M, Morimoto N, Nokura K, Kako T, Funayama M, Nishioka K, Hattori N. The identified clinical features of Parkinson's disease in homo-, heterozygous and digenic variants of PINK1. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 97:146.e1-146.e13. [PMID: 32713623 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the prevalence and genotype-phenotype correlations of phosphatase and tensin homolog induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) variants in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, we analyzed 1700 patients (842 familial PD and 858 sporadic PD patients from Japanese origin). We screened the entire exon and exon-intron boundaries of PINK1 using Sanger sequencing and target sequencing by Ion torrent system. We identified 30 patients with heterozygous variants, 3 with homozygous variants, and 3 with digenic variants of PINK1-PRKN. Patients with homozygous variants presented a significantly younger age at onset than those with heterozygous variants. The allele frequency of heterozygous variants in patients with age at onset at 50 years and younger with familial PD and sporadic PD showed no differences. [123I]meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) myocardial scintigraphy indicated that half of patients harboring PINK1 heterozygous variants showed a decreased heart to mediastinum ratio (12/23). Our findings emphasize the importance of PINK1 variants for the onset of PD in patients with age at onset at 50 years and younger and the broad spectrum of clinical symptoms in patients with PINK1 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arisa Hayashida
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuanzhe Li
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyo Yoshino
- Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kensuke Daida
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aya Ikeda
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kotaro Ogaki
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuhito Fuse
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akio Mori
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Takanashi
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiki Nakahara
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asako Yoritaka
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuji Tomizawa
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Furukawa
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Kanai
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nakayama
- Department of Neurology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Ito
- Department of Neurology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan
| | - Mieko Ogino
- International University of Health and Welfare, School of Medicine, Office of Medical Education, Chiba, Japan
| | | | | | - Yuta Ichinose
- Department of Neurology, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | | | - Tsukasa Saito
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Asahikawa Medical Center, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takashi Kimura
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Asahikawa Medical Center, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Aizawa
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shoji
- Division of Neurology, St. Mary's Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuri Mizuno
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takuya Matsushita
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mitsuto Sato
- Department of Medicine (Neurology and Rheumatology), Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Sekijima
- Department of Medicine (Neurology and Rheumatology), Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Masayo Morita
- Department of Neurology, Jikei University Katsushika Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akio Iwasaki
- Department of Neurology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Kusaka
- Department of Neurology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mikiko Tada
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Tanaka
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sakiyama
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fujimoto
- Department of Neurology, Sasebo City General Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | | | | | - Hiroyuki Todo
- Department of RNA Biology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kouichi Nakao
- Brain and Nerve Center, Junwakai Memorial Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Tsuruta
- Brain and Nerve Center, Junwakai Memorial Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Masaaki Yoshikawa
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Saga, Japan
| | - Hideo Hara
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Saga, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yokote
- Department of Neurology, Nitobe Memorial Nakano General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nagako Murase
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Nara Medical Center, Nara, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nakamagoe
- Department of Neurology, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akira Tamaoka
- Department of Neurology, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Motonori Takamiya
- Department of Neurology, Kagawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Nobutoshi Morimoto
- Department of Neurology, Kagawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuya Nokura
- Department of Neurology, Fujita Health University, Bantane Hospital, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tetsuharu Kako
- Department of Neurology, Fujita Health University, Bantane Hospital, Aichi, Japan
| | - Manabu Funayama
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenya Nishioka
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Smolders S, Van Broeckhoven C. Genetic perspective on the synergistic connection between vesicular transport, lysosomal and mitochondrial pathways associated with Parkinson's disease pathogenesis. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:63. [PMID: 32375870 PMCID: PMC7201634 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-00935-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) and atypical parkinsonian syndromes (APS) are symptomatically characterized by parkinsonism, with the latter presenting additionally a distinctive range of atypical features. Although the majority of patients with PD and APS appear to be sporadic, genetic causes of several rare monogenic disease variants were identified. The knowledge acquired from these genetic factors indicated that defects in vesicular transport pathways, endo-lysosomal dysfunction, impaired autophagy-lysosomal protein and organelle degradation pathways, α-synuclein aggregation and mitochondrial dysfunction play key roles in PD pathogenesis. Moreover, membrane dynamics are increasingly recognized as a key player in the disease pathogenesis due lipid homeostasis alterations, associated with lysosomal dysfunction, caused by mutations in several PD and APS genes. The importance of lysosomal dysfunction and lipid homeostasis is strengthened by both genetic discoveries and clinical epidemiology of the association between parkinsonism and lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs), caused by the disruption of lysosomal biogenesis or function. A synergistic coordination between vesicular trafficking, lysosomal and mitochondria defects exist whereby mutations in PD and APS genes encoding proteins primarily involved one PD pathway are frequently associated with defects in other PD pathways as a secondary effect. Moreover, accumulating clinical and genetic observations suggest more complex inheritance patters of familial PD exist, including oligogenic and polygenic inheritance of genes in the same or interconnected PD pathways, further strengthening their synergistic connection.Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of PD and APS genes with functions in vesicular transport, lysosomal and mitochondrial pathways, and highlight functional and genetic evidence of the synergistic connection between these PD associated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Smolders
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp - CDE, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerpen, Belgium
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp - CDE, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerpen, Belgium.
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium.
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Chu YT, Lin HY, Chen PL, Lin CH. Genotype-phenotype correlations of adult-onset PLA2G6-associated Neurodegeneration: case series and literature review. BMC Neurol 2020; 20:101. [PMID: 32183746 PMCID: PMC7076921 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-020-01684-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Phospholipase A2 group VI (PLA2G6) mutations associated with neurodegeneration (PLAN) manifest as heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorders with variable ages of onset. The genotype-phenotype correlation is not well-established. We aim to describe three adult patients with PLAN and combined these data with results from previous studies to elucidate adult-onset PLA2G6 phenotype-genotype correlations. Case presentations The first index patient presented with dystonia-parkinsonism starting at age 31 years, accompanied by major depression and cognitive decline. Genetic analysis using targeted next generation sequencing (NGS) panel, Sanger sequencing, and segregation analyses revealed a compound heterozygous mutation, c.991G > T (p.D331Y)/c.1077G > A (M358IfsX), in PLA2G6. The other two patients had levodopa-responsive, early-onset parkinsonism, starting in their late twenties. Both patients had homozygous c.991G > T (p.D331Y) mutations in PLA2G6. Patient characteristics of our reported 3 cases were compared to those of 32 previously described (2008 to 2019) patients with adult-onset PLAN. Among the combined cohort of 35 patients with adult-onset PLAN, 14 had dystonia-parkinsonism, 17 had early-onset Parkinson’s disease, 3 had hereditary spastic paraparesis, and one had ataxia. The c.991G > T (p. D331Y) mutation was almost exclusively found in Chinese patients, suggesting a common founder effect. All patients with homozygous p.D331Y mutations had levodopa-responsive, early-onset PD (100%); while other mutations mostly led to dystonia-parkinsonism, ataxia, spasticity, and combine psychiatric comorbidities. Conclusions We showed that adult-onset PLAN could present as purely parkinsonism features, without brain iron accumulation, particularly patients with homozygous p.D331Y mutations. Compound heterozygous mutations, including heterozygous p.D331Y, produced heterogeneous phenotypes, without obvious levodopa responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Tsai Chu
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Han-Yi Lin
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Lung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Hsien Lin
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.
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Offringa-Hup A. INAD and Duchenne muscular dystrophy, two ends of the iPLA2β spectrum. Med Hypotheses 2020; 137:109589. [PMID: 32006920 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD) and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) are two deadly neuromuscular degenerative diseases of childhood. Knowledge on their pathophysiological mechanisms may direct us towards treatment or a cure. Although these diseases are caused by two totally different gene-mutations and cause different clinical pictures, in this article I propose a common disease mechanism in the two. This common mechanism is induced by defects in the response to cellular stress and injury. THE HYPOTHESIS: Depletion of iPLA2β in INAD and increased activity of iPLA2β in DMD eventually lead to similar defects in the response to cell stress and injury. According to this hypothesis, the depletion of iPLA2β in INAD primarily blocks repair mechanisms by the inability to form a mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP). Forming of the PTP is necessary to release mitochondrial coenzyme A (CoA) into the cytoplasm for activation of palmitoylation and massive endocytosis as a repair response. In DMD the increased activity of iPLA2β causes exhaustion of the stress signalling cascade by increased and prolonged PTP opening. Continuous leaking of mitochondrial CoA through the PTP leads to the inability of the cell to build a sufficient mitochondrial:cytoplasmic CoA gradient, also causing insufficient release of mitochondrial CoA as a response to cell stress and injury. Decreased palmitoylation capacity and decreased endocytosis and membrane remodelling are implicated in proven pathophysiological mechanisms in INAD and DMD. The described mechanism in INAD and DMD, may be considered a common mechanism of repair in case of cell stress and injury. Beside their role in INAD and DMD, they may therefore be implicated in other neurodegenerative diseases as well. Available research shows involvement of iPLA2β in other neurodegenerative diseases. We might be able to divide neurodegenerative diseases in "INAD-like disease-mechanism" or "DMD-like disease-mechanism", depending on decreased or increased iPLA2β activity.
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Ammal Kaidery N, Ahuja M, Thomas B. Crosstalk between Nrf2 signaling and mitochondrial function in Parkinson's disease. Mol Cell Neurosci 2019; 101:103413. [PMID: 31644952 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2019.103413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Search for a definitive cure for neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson's disease (PD) has met with little success. Mitochondrial dysfunction and elevated oxidative stress precede characteristic loss of dopamine-producing neurons from the midbrain in PD. The majority of PD cases are classified as sporadic (sPD) with an unknown etiology, whereas mutations in a handful of genes cause monogenic form called familial (fPD). Both sPD and fPD is characterized by proteinopathy and mitochondrial dysfunction leading to increased oxidative stress. These pathophysiological mechanisms create a vicious cycle feeding into each other, ultimately tipping the neurons to its demise. Effect of iron accumulation and dopamine oxidation adds an additional dimension to mitochondrial oxidative stress and apoptotic pathways affected. Nrf2 is a redox-sensitive transcription factor which regulates basal as well as inducible expression of antioxidant enzymes and proteins involved in xenobiotic detoxification. Recent advances, however, shows a multifaceted role for Nrf2 in the regulation of genes connected with inflammatory response, metabolic pathways, protein homeostasis, iron management, and mitochondrial bioenergetics. Here we review the role of mitochondria and oxidative stress in the PD etiology and the potential crosstalk between Nrf2 signaling and mitochondrial function in PD. We also make a case for the development of therapeutics that safely activates Nrf2 pathway in halting the progression of neurodegeneration in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navneet Ammal Kaidery
- Darby Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States of America; Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States of America
| | - Manuj Ahuja
- Darby Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States of America; Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States of America
| | - Bobby Thomas
- Darby Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States of America; Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States of America; Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States of America; Department of Drug Discovery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States of America.
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Park JK, Youn J, Cho JW. Intrafamilial variability and clinical heterogeneity in a family with PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration. PRECISION AND FUTURE MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.23838/pfm.2019.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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