Anti-Adenoviral Activity of 2-(3-Chlorotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-4-Tosyl-5-(Perfluoropropyl)-1,2,3-Triazole

Background and objectives: A considerable increase in the levels of adenoviral diseases among both adults and children necessitate the development of effective methods for its prevention and treatment. The synthesis of the new fluorinated 1,2,3-triazoles, and the study of the mechanisms of their action, are promising for the development of efficient antiviral drugs of our time. Materials and Methods: Antiviral activity and cell cytotoxic effect of 2-(3-chlorotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-4-tosyl-5-(perfluoropropyl)-1,2,3-triazole (G29) were determined by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay. The influence of the compound on the infectivity of human adenovirus type 5 (HAdV-5) was carried out via the cytomorphology method. The influence of the compound on the cell cycle under a condition of adenovirus infection was studied using flow cytometric analysis of propidium iodide-stained cells. Results: It was found that G29 suppressed HAdV-5 reproduction by 50% in concentrations of 37 μg/mL. Furthermore, the compound reduced the titer of virus obtained de novo, and inhibited HAdV-5 inclusion bodies formation by 84–90%. The use of fluorinated compounds under the conditions of adenovirus infection decreased the number of apoptotic cells by 11% and the number of cells in S phase by 21–42% compared to the profile of infected cells. Conclusions: The fluorinated compound G29 showed moderate activity against HAdV-5 based on several mechanisms. It led to the normalization of the life cycle of cells infected with adenovirus to the level of non-infected cells and caused the obstruction of HAdV-5 reproduction, inducing the formation of non-infectious virus progeny.

Pharmacokinetic properties of a novel inosine analog, 4'-cyano-2'-deoxyinosine, after oral administration in rats

4′-cyano-2′-deoxyinosine (SK14-061a), a novel nucleoside analog based on inosine, has antiviral activity against the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 that has the ability to acquire resistance against many types of reverse transcriptase inhibitors based on nucleosides. The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics studies after its oral administration to rats. For this purpose, we first developed and validated an analytical method for quantitatively determining SK14-061a levels in biological samples by a UPLC system interfaced with a TOF-MS system. A rapid, simple and selective method for the quantification of SK14-061a in biological samples was established using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) with solid phase extraction. The pharmacokinetic properties of SK14-061a in rats after oral administration were then evaluated using this LC-MS method. SK14-061a was found to be relatively highly bioavailable, is rapidly absorbed from the intestinal tract, and is then mainly distributed to the liver and then ultimately excreted via the urine in an unchanged form. Furthermore, the simultaneous administration of SK14-061a with the nucleoside analog, entecavir, led to a significant alteration in the pharmacokinetics of SK14-061a. These results suggest that the SK14-061a has favorable pharmacokinetic properties with a high bioavailability with the potential for use in oral pharmaceutical formulations, but drug-drug interactions should also be considered.