101
|
Mortensen NP, Mercier KA, McRitchie S, Cavallo TB, Pathmasiri W, Stewart D, Sumner SJ. Microfluidics meets metabolomics to reveal the impact of Campylobacter jejuni infection on biochemical pathways. Biomed Microdevices 2016; 18:51. [PMID: 27231016 PMCID: PMC4939818 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-016-0076-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices that are currently being used in pharmaceutical research also have a significant potential for utilization in investigating exposure to infectious agents. We have established a microfluidic device cultured with Caco-2 cells, and utilized metabolomics to investigate the biochemical responses to the bacterial pathogen Campylobacter jejuni. In the microfluidic devices, Caco-2 cells polarize at day 5, are uniform, have defined brush borders and tight junctions, and form a mucus layer. Metabolomics analysis of cell culture media collected from both Caco-2 cell culture systems demonstrated a more metabolic homogenous biochemical profile in the media collected from microfluidic devices, compared with media collected from transwells. GeneGo pathway mapping indicated that aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis was perturbed by fluid flow, suggesting that fluid dynamics and shear stress impacts the cells translational quality control. Both microfluidic device and transwell culturing systems were used to investigate the impact of Campylobacter jejuni infection on biochemical processes. Caco-2 cells cultured in either system were infected at day 5 with C. jejuni 81-176 for 48 h. Metabolomics analysis clearly differentiated C. jejuni 81-176 infected and non-infected medias collected from the microfluidic devices, and demonstrated that C. jejuni 81-176 infection in microfluidic devices impacts branched-chain amino acid metabolism, glycolysis, and gluconeogenesis. In contrast, no distinction was seen in the biochemical profiles of infected versus non-infected media collected from cells cultured in transwells. Microfluidic culturing conditions demonstrated a more metabolically homogenous cell population, and present the opportunity for studying host-pathogen interactions for extended periods of time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ninell P Mortensen
- Systems and Translational Sciences Discovery - Science - Technology, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
| | - Kelly A Mercier
- Systems and Translational Sciences Discovery - Science - Technology, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
- NIH Eastern Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, Systems and Translational Sciences, RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709-2194, USA
| | - Susan McRitchie
- Systems and Translational Sciences Discovery - Science - Technology, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
- NIH Eastern Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, Systems and Translational Sciences, RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709-2194, USA
| | - Tammy B Cavallo
- Systems and Translational Sciences Discovery - Science - Technology, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
- NIH Eastern Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, Systems and Translational Sciences, RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709-2194, USA
| | - Wimal Pathmasiri
- Systems and Translational Sciences Discovery - Science - Technology, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
- NIH Eastern Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, Systems and Translational Sciences, RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709-2194, USA
| | - Delisha Stewart
- Systems and Translational Sciences Discovery - Science - Technology, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
- NIH Eastern Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, Systems and Translational Sciences, RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709-2194, USA
| | - Susan J Sumner
- Systems and Translational Sciences Discovery - Science - Technology, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
- NIH Eastern Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, Systems and Translational Sciences, RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709-2194, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Zheng F, Fu F, Cheng Y, Wang C, Zhao Y, Gu Z. Organ-on-a-Chip Systems: Microengineering to Biomimic Living Systems. Small 2016; 12:2253-82. [PMID: 26901595 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201503208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
"Organ-on-a-chip" systems integrate microengineering, microfluidic technologies, and biomimetic principles to create key aspects of living organs faithfully, including critical microarchitecture, spatiotemporal cell-cell interactions, and extracellular microenvironments. This creative platform and its multiorgan integration recapitulating organ-level structures and functions can bring unprecedented benefits to a diversity of applications, such as developing human in vitro models for healthy or diseased organs, enabling the investigation of fundamental mechanisms in disease etiology and organogenesis, benefiting drug development in toxicity screening and target discovery, and potentially serving as replacements for animal testing. Recent advances in novel designs and examples for developing organ-on-a-chip platforms are reviewed. The potential for using this emerging technology in understanding human physiology including mechanical, chemical, and electrical signals with precise spatiotemporal controls are discussed. The current challenges and future directions that need to be pursued for these proof-of-concept studies are also be highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuyin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Fanfan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Zhongze Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Sumii T, Nakano Y, Abe T, Nakashima K, Sera T, Kudo S. The Effect of Nitric Oxide on Ammonia Decomposition in Co-cultures of Hepatocytes and Hepatic Stellate Cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2016; 52:625-31. [PMID: 26896067 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-016-9999-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic functions, such as albumin secretion and ammonia metabolism, are upregulated in response to hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) produced by hepatic stellate cells (HSC), as well as nitric oxide (NO) produced by endothelial cells under shear stress. However, the simultaneous effect of HSC and NO has not been previously investigated in a tri-co-culture model containing hepatocytes with HSC and endothelial cells under shear stress. We hypothesized that NO inhibits HGF production from HSC. To test this idea, we constructed a mono-culture model of hepatocytes and a co-culture model of hepatocytes and HSC and measured ammonia decomposition and HGF production in each model under NO load. Ammonia decomposition was significantly higher in the co-culture model under 0 ppm NO load, but no significant increase was observed under NO load. In the co-culture model, HGF was produced at 1.0 ng/mL under 0 ppm NO load and 0.3 ng/mL under NO load. Ammonia decomposition was increased by 1.0 ng/mL HGF, but not by 0.3 ng/mL HGF. These results indicated that NO inhibits HGF production from HSC; consequently, the effects of NO and co-culture with HSC cannot improve hepatic function simultaneously. Instead, the simultaneous effect of 1.0 ng/mL HGF and NO may further enhance hepatic function in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tateki Sumii
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate school of Mechanical Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Yohei Nakano
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate school of Mechanical Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takuma Abe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate school of Mechanical Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nakashima
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Sera
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Susumu Kudo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| |
Collapse
|