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Esquivel J. Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for colorectal cancer: survival outcomes and patient selection. J Gastrointest Oncol 2016; 7:72-8. [PMID: 26941985 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2078-6891.2015.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemotherapy hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is playing an ever increasing role in the management of colorectal cancer (CRC) with peritoneal metastases (PM) as results approach those of surgical resection of liver metastases. Selection criteria for treatment type, sequence and timing of currently available therapies remain ill-defined. METHODS We review the current published literature analyzing outcomes by treatments with surgery, systemic chemotherapy, cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and HIPEC, and ongoing clinical trials. A clinical pathway that incorporates all currently available therapies, determining the timing and sequence of such therapies was constructed. RESULTS Most of the literature on outcome data comes from studies reporting the results of CRS and HIPEC with large series showing a median survival of 32-47 months. Meanwhile, the vast majority of patients, over 90% in the United States, are being treated with palliative systemic therapies following the NCCN guidelines. CONCLUSIONS Cooperation between medical and surgical oncologists represents an unmet need in oncology when it comes to patients with CRC with PM. The presented clinical pathway constitutes a feasible and much needed first step to start this cooperation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Esquivel
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Cancer Treatment Centers of America, Philadelphia, PA 19124, USA
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102
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Bhatt A, Goéré D. Cytoreductive Surgery plus HIPEC for Peritoneal Metastases from Colorectal Cancer. Indian J Surg Oncol 2016; 7:177-87. [PMID: 27065708 DOI: 10.1007/s13193-016-0499-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Occurring either synchronously or metachronously to the primary tumor, peritoneal metastases (PM) are diagnosed in 8 to 20 % of the patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Prognosis of these patients appears to be worse than those with other sites of metastases. While systemic therapy has shown significant prolongation of survival in patients with stage IV colorectal cancer, the outcomes in the subset of patients with PM has been much inferior. Over the last 2 decades, cytoreductive surgery (CRS) followed by hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) have been effective in substantially prolonging survival in patients with colorectal PM and have the potential to cure certain patients as well. This article reviews the current evidence for CRS and HIPEC to treat colorectal PM as well as future research going on in this form of locoregional treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Bhatt
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Fortis Hospital, 154/9 Bannerghatta road, Opposite IIM-Bangalore, Bangalore, -560076 India
| | - Diane Goéré
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
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103
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Dehal A, Smith JJ, Nash GM. Cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal chemotherapy: an evidence-based review-past, present and future. J Gastrointest Oncol 2016; 7:143-157. [PMID: 26941992 PMCID: PMC4754310 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2078-6891.2015.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) has historically been considered a terminal condition with merely palliative treatment achieving a survival rate measured in months. Cytoreductive surgery (CyRS) and intraperitoneal chemotherapy (IPC) have emerged as potentially effective regional treatments with the potential for long-term survival in well-selected patients. The fundamentals of CyRS and IPC are patient selection and complete cytoreduction. Since there is now sufficient evidence for the superiority of CyRS and IPC to systemic chemotherapy alone in a highly select group of patients, surgeons and oncologists should be aware of this modality as a potential benefit for patients with PC. The aim of this report is to highlight cancer-specific evidence in the context of ongoing studies regarding the outcome of this treatment.
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104
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Baratti D, Kusamura S, Pietrantonio F, Guaglio M, Niger M, Deraco M. Progress in treatments for colorectal cancer peritoneal metastases during the years 2010-2015. A systematic review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2016; 100:209-22. [PMID: 26867984 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal metastases (PM) from colorectal cancer (CRC) were traditionally associated with bad prognosis. Only recently, cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) has resulted in survival improvements. A systematic literature search between January 2010 and June 2015 was performed. Studies were selected and appraised according to predetermined criteria. Nineteen cohort studies, and thirteen comparative studies of CRS/HIPEC were included. The weighted median overall survival was 31.6 months (range 16-51). Major morbidity was 17.6-52.4% (weighted average 32.6%). Mortality was 0-8.1% (weighted average 2.9%). Additional relevant topics, such as CRC-PM prevalence, results by systemic therapies, preoperative work-up, and technical aspects were summarized through a narrative review. The recent literature suggests that CRS/HIPEC is gaining acceptance as standard of care for selected CRC-PM patients. Refinement of selection criteria, and rationalization of comprehensive systemic and local-regional management is ongoing. Prevention and early treatment of PM are new and promising options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Baratti
- Peritoneal Malignancy Program, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, via Venezian, 1 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Shigeki Kusamura
- Peritoneal Malignancy Program, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, via Venezian, 1 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Filippo Pietrantonio
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, via Venezian, 1 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marcello Guaglio
- Peritoneal Malignancy Program, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, via Venezian, 1 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Monica Niger
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, via Venezian, 1 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marcello Deraco
- Peritoneal Malignancy Program, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, via Venezian, 1 20133 Milano, Italy.
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105
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Simkens GA, van Oudheusden TR, Braam HJ, Luyer MD, Wiezer MJ, van Ramshorst B, Nienhuijs SW, de Hingh IH. Treatment-Related Mortality After Cytoreductive Surgery and HIPEC in Patients with Colorectal Peritoneal Carcinomatosis is Underestimated by Conventional Parameters. Ann Surg Oncol 2016; 23:99-105. [PMID: 26148758 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-015-4699-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) as treatment for patients with colorectal peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) is regarded as an extensive procedure. The risk of postoperative mortality after major abdominal surgery might be substantially higher than described by the 30-day mortality. This study aims to identify causes of 1-year mortality, thereby assessing a more accurate treatment-related mortality rate after CRS + HIPEC. METHODS All subsequent patients with colorectal PC treated with CRS + HIPEC with complete macroscopic cytoreduction in two tertiary hospitals between April 2005 and April 2013 were included in this study. Causes of 1-year mortality were carefully analyzed and patient data were compared between patients who died or did not die within 12 months after CRS + HIPEC. RESULTS Of the 245 included patients, 34 (13.9 %) died within 12 months after CRS + HIPEC. The overall treatment-related mortality rate was 4.9 % (n = 12), and the 30-day and in-hospital mortality rates were 1.6 % (n = 4) and 2.4 % (n = 6), respectively. Furthermore, 18 patients (7.3 %) died due to early recurrent disease. Three patients (1.2 %) died of cardiovascular events, unrelated to CRS + HIPEC. The 1-year mortality group had more extensive peritoneal disease (p = 0.02) and the operative time in this group was longer (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Overall treatment-related mortality was considerably higher than described by the 30-day and in-hospital mortality rate. However, even though complete macroscopic cytoreduction was achieved in every patient, the main cause of 1-year mortality was early recurrent disease. Both findings are valuable in preoperative patient selection, as well as in preoperative counseling of patients undergoing a CRS + HIPEC procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geert A Simkens
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Hidde J Braam
- Department of Surgery, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Misha D Luyer
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Marinus J Wiezer
- Department of Surgery, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Bert van Ramshorst
- Department of Surgery, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Simon W Nienhuijs
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ignace H de Hingh
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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106
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Guend H, Patel S, Nash GM. Abdominal metastases from colorectal cancer: intraperitoneal therapy. J Gastrointest Oncol 2015; 6:693-8. [PMID: 26697203 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2078-6891.2015.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with peritoneal metastasis from colorectal cancer represent a distinct subset with regional disease rather than systemic disease. They often have poorer survival outcomes with systemic chemotherapy. Optimal cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal chemotherapy (IPC) offers such patients a more directed therapy with improved survival. In this review, we discuss the diagnosis, evaluation and classification, as well as rational for treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) secondary to colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Guend
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sunil Patel
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Garrett M Nash
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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107
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Systemic treatment of patients with metachronous peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal origin. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18632. [PMID: 26686250 PMCID: PMC4685443 DOI: 10.1038/srep18632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Combining chemotherapy and targeted therapies has resulted in an enhanced survival in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients. However, the result of this palliative treatment in patients with metachronous peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) remains unknown. The current population-based study aims to investigate the use and effect of palliative systemic treatment in patients with metachronous PC of colorectal origin. Data on metachronous PC were collected between 2010 and 2011 for all patients who were diagnosed with M0 colorectal cancer between 2003 and 2008 in the Dutch Eindhoven Cancer Registry. Patient demographics and detailed data on chemotherapeutic treatment were collected and compared. Ninety-two patients with metachronous PC received chemotherapy in a palliative setting compared to 94 patients without treatment. In 36 patients, Bevacizumab was added to the treatment (39%). Overall survival was 3.4, 13, and 20.3 months in the no treatment, systemic treatment and systemic treatment + Bevacizumab respectively (P < 0.001). Male gender was a positive predictor and right sided primary tumor location a negative predictor of receiving bevacizumab. Approximately 40% of patients with metachronous PC received bevacizumab in addition to chemotherapy. Treatment with systemic chemotherapy in combination with bevacizumab may increase survival in a patients with metachronous colorectal PC.
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108
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Razenberg LGEM, van Gestel YRBM, Lemmens VEPP, de Hingh IHJT, Creemers GJ. Bevacizumab in Addition to Palliative Chemotherapy for Patients With Peritoneal Carcinomatosis of Colorectal Origin: A Nationwide Population-Based Study. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2015; 15:e41-6. [PMID: 26762572 DOI: 10.1016/j.clcc.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) presenting with peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) rely on palliative systemic treatment options. However, data on the use and effect of systemic treatment strategies, including targeted agents for the palliative treatment of colorectal PC, are lacking. We conducted a nationwide population-based study with data from the period in which the targeted agent bevacizumab was introduced in the Netherlands. PATIENTS AND METHODS The present study included all patients diagnosed from 2007 to 2014 with synchronous PC from CRC treated with only palliative systemic therapy. We assessed the use of bevacizumab, the standard choice of targeted treatment, in addition to first-line chemotherapy. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to calculate the predictors for the additional prescription of bevacizumab. Survival estimates were calculated, and multivariable Cox analyses were performed to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) of death stratified by the treatment received. RESULTS A total of 1235 patients received palliative chemotherapy, of whom 436 also received bevacizumab (35%). Patients aged ≥ 75 years and patients with PC from colonic tumors were less likely to receive chemotherapy plus bevacizumab. The addition of bevacizumab to palliative chemotherapy was associated with an improved overall median survival of 7.5 versus 11 months in both patients with isolated PC and those with concomitant extraperitoneal metastases. The improvement remained after adjustment for patient and tumor characteristics (HR, 0.7; 95% confidence interval, 0.64-0.83). CONCLUSION The results of the present nationwide population-based study support the rationale for bevacizumab in addition to palliative chemotherapy for patients with PC of CRC and underline the need for ongoing efforts to precisely determine the role of targeted therapy in the treatment of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieke G E M Razenberg
- Department of Oncology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, Netherlands; Department of Registry and Research, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organization, Eindhoven, Netherlands.
| | - Yvette R B M van Gestel
- Department of Registry and Research, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organization, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Valery E P P Lemmens
- Department of Registry and Research, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organization, Eindhoven, Netherlands; Department of Public Health, Erasmus Medical Center University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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109
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Willaert W, Van Der Speeten K, Liberale G, Ceelen W. BEV-IP: Perioperative chemotherapy with bevacizumab in patients undergoing cytoreduction and intraperitoneal chemoperfusion for colorectal carcinomatosis. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:980. [PMID: 26673788 PMCID: PMC4682259 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1954-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Selected patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) from colorectal cancer (CRC) benefit from cytoreductive surgery (CRS) combined with intraperitoneal chemoperfusion (IPC). However, even after optimal cytoreduction, systemic and locoregional recurrence are common. Perioperative chemotherapy with bevacizumab (BEV) may improve the outcome of these patients. Methods/Design The BEV-IP study is a phase II, single-arm, open-label study aimed at patients with colorectal or appendiceal adenocarcinoma with synchronous or metachronous PC. This study evaluates whether perioperative chemotherapy including BEV in combination with CRS and oxaliplatin-based IPC results in acceptable morbidity and mortality (primary composite endpoint). Secondary endpoints are treatment completion rate, chemotherapy-related toxicity, pathological response, progression free survival, and overall survival. Discussion The BEV-IP trial is the first prospective assessment of the safety and efficacy of perioperative chemotherapy combined with anti-angiogenic treatment in patients undergoing CRS and IPC for colorectal peritoneal metastases. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02399410 EudraCT number: 2015-001187-19 (registered March 9, 2015).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter Willaert
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, 2K12 IC UZ De Pintelaan 185, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | | | - Gabriel Liberale
- Clinic of Digestive Surgical Oncology, Jules Bordet Institute, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Wim Ceelen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, 2K12 IC UZ De Pintelaan 185, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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110
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Sato H, Toyama K, Koide Y, Ozeki S, Hatta K, Maeda K. Prognoses and treatment strategies for synchronous peritoneal dissemination of colorectal carcinoma. Surg Today 2015; 46:860-71. [PMID: 26433728 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-015-1254-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We devised a simple dichotomous classification system and showed sufficient reproducibility to indicate treatment strategies for peritoneal metastasis of colorectal cancer. METHODS We included 67 patients with peritoneal metastasis of colorectal cancer and classified them according to the largest lesion size, number of lesions and number of regional peritoneal metastases. The oncological data were recorded and compared. RESULTS According to the univariate analyses, the prognoses were significantly better in patients with ≤3 disseminated lesions than in those with ≥4, and in patients with disseminated lesions in only one region than in those with ≥2 lesions. A multivariate analysis showed that primary tumor resection and the presence of peritoneal metastases in only one region were favorable factors for the patient survival. Patients with disseminated lesions in only one region (localized group) and those with nonlocalized lesions had three-year survival rates of 45.6 and 12.2 %, respectively. Finally, primary tumor resection improved the prognoses in both the localized and nonlocalized groups. CONCLUSIONS Colorectal cancer patients were categorized into localized and nonlocalized groups according to the number of regions with peritoneal metastasis, and significant prognostic associations were demonstrated. Subsequent analyses of the oncological data suggested that primary tumor resection contributes to an improved prognosis in all patients with synchronous peritoneal metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harunobu Sato
- Department of Surgery, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan.
| | - Kunihiro Toyama
- Department of Surgery, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Koide
- Department of Surgery, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Shinji Ozeki
- Department of Surgery, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Kouhei Hatta
- Department of Surgery, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Kotaro Maeda
- Department of Surgery, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
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111
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van Oudheusden TR, Nienhuijs SW, Luyer MD, Nieuwenhuijzen GA, Lemmens VE, Rutten HJ, de Hingh IH. Incidence and treatment of recurrent disease after cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal chemotherapy for peritoneally metastasized colorectal cancer: A systematic review. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY 2015; 41:1269-1277. [PMID: 26175345 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2015.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The optimal treatment for peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) of colorectal origin is a combination of cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS + IPC). Although 5-year survival rates of up to 40% have been reported, recurrent disease remains common and is estimated to be a strong negative prognostic factor for survival. This systematic review elaborates on the incidence of recurrent disease and the possibilities to prevent and treat recurrence. METHODS Two searches were performed. To identify the magnitude of recurrent the disease, a search was performed in Pubmed and EMBASE until September 2014. A second search was performed in Pubmed to identify treatment of recurrent disease with secondary CRS + IPC. RESULTS The first search resulted in 139 and 94 articles in Pubmed and EMBASE respectively. Among those, 28 were included. Overall recurrence rates ranged from 22.5 to 82%. Local, systemic and combined local-systemic recurrence ranged from 6 to 42.5%, 10.4-43% and 5.8-21.5%. Median time to recurrence varied from 9 to 23 months, three-year disease free survival ranged from 14 to 41.5%. The second search resulted in 140 articles among which 17 met the inclusion criteria. A total of 190 patients underwent secondary CRS. Median survival after the second procedure ranged from 18 to 55.7 months. One, two and three-year survival ranged between 66 and 94, 44-50 and 0-66%. CONCLUSION Recurrence is very common after cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal chemotherapy for PC of colorectal origin. Repeat cytoreductive surgery suggests a potential survival benefit for a highly selected group. Therefore, strategies to prevent recurrence are of the utmost importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R van Oudheusden
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Catharina Hospital, Michelangelolaan 2, 5623 EJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - S W Nienhuijs
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Catharina Hospital, Michelangelolaan 2, 5623 EJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - M D Luyer
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Catharina Hospital, Michelangelolaan 2, 5623 EJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - G A Nieuwenhuijzen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Catharina Hospital, Michelangelolaan 2, 5623 EJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - V E Lemmens
- Department of Research, Eindhoven Cancer Registry/Comprehensive Cancer Centre the Netherlands (IKNL), PO Box 213, 5600 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - H J Rutten
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Catharina Hospital, Michelangelolaan 2, 5623 EJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - I H de Hingh
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Catharina Hospital, Michelangelolaan 2, 5623 EJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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112
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Canbay E, Torun BC, Torun ES, Yonemura Y. Evolution of management in peritoneal surface malignancies. ULUSAL CERRAHI DERGISI 2015; 32:203-7. [PMID: 27528813 DOI: 10.5152/ucd.2016.3375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Management of peritoneal surface malignancies has gradually evolved by the introduction of cytoreductive surgery in combination with intraperitoneal chemotherapy applications. Recently, peritoneal metastases of intraabdominal solid organ tumors and primary peritoneal malignancies such as peritoneal mesothelioma are being treated with this new approach. Selection criteria are important to reduce morbidity and mortality rates of patients who will experience minimal or no benefit from these combined treatment modalities. Management of peritoneal surface malignancies with this current trend is presented in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emel Canbay
- NPO HIPEC Istanbul, Centermed, İstanbul, Turkey; NPO to Support Peritoneal Dissemination Treatment, 1-26 Harukimotomachi, Kishiwada City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Bahar Canbay Torun
- Department of General Surgery, İstanbul University İstanbul School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ege Sinan Torun
- Department of Internal Medicine, İstanbul University İstanbul School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Yutaka Yonemura
- NPO HIPEC Istanbul, Centermed, İstanbul, Turkey; NPO to Support Peritoneal Dissemination Treatment, 1-26 Harukimotomachi, Kishiwada City, Osaka, Japan
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113
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Epidemiology, Management, and Survival of Peritoneal Carcinomatosis from Colorectal Cancer: A Population-Based Study. Dis Colon Rectum 2015; 58:743-52. [PMID: 26163953 DOI: 10.1097/dcr.0000000000000412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modern chemotherapy aims to improve long-term survival for selected patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis. Publications suggest promising results, but the spread of these new aggressive treatment strategies in the general population is not well known. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to draw a picture of epidemiology, management, and survival in synchronous and metachronous peritoneal carcinomatosis from colorectal cancer. DESIGN The cumulative risk of metachronous peritoneal carcinomatosis was estimated in patients resected for cure. Net survival rates were calculated for synchronous and metachronous peritoneal carcinomatosis. SETTINGS The study was conducted with the use of the Burgundy Digestive Cancer Registry. PATIENTS Overall, 9174 primary colorectal cancers registered between 1976 and 2011 by the population-based digestive cancer registry were considered. RESULTS In total, 7% of patients were diagnosed with synchronous peritoneal carcinomatosis. The 5-year cumulative risk of metachronous peritoneal carcinomatosis was 6%, and the stage of the colorectal cancer at diagnosis was the major risk factor. Other independent risk factors were mucinous adenocarcinoma, ulceroinfiltrating tumors, and diagnosis after obstruction or perforation. The proportion of patients resected for cure was 11% and 9% for synchronous and metachronous peritoneal carcinomatosis, and 3-year overall net survival was 8% and 5%. The corresponding rates after resection for cure were 21% and 17%. There was a dramatic increase in the proportion of patients receiving systemic chemotherapy: from 11% before 1997 to 48% in 2011 for synchronous peritoneal carcinomatosis and from 3% to 38% for metachronous peritoneal carcinomatosis. LIMITATIONS This is a retrospective observational population-based study. CONCLUSION Peritoneal carcinomatosis complicating colorectal cancer is a major reason for treatment failure. This study identified patients at a high risk of developing peritoneal carcinomatosis who may benefit from specific surveillance. New therapeutic modalities are also needed to improve the prognosis.
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114
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Alzahrani N, Ung L, Valle SJ, Liauw W, Morris DL. Synchronous liver resection with cytoreductive surgery for the treatment of liver and peritoneal metastases from colon cancer: results from an Australian centre. ANZ J Surg 2015; 87:E167-E172. [PMID: 26178318 DOI: 10.1111/ans.13231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nayef Alzahrani
- Department of Surgery; University of New South Wales; Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Department of Surgical Oncology; St George Hospital; Sydney New South Wales Australia
- College of Medicine; Al-Iman Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Lawson Ung
- Department of Surgery; University of New South Wales; Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Department of Surgical Oncology; St George Hospital; Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Sarah J. Valle
- Department of Surgery; University of New South Wales; Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Department of Surgical Oncology; St George Hospital; Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Winston Liauw
- Department of Surgery; University of New South Wales; Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Department of Surgical Oncology; St George Hospital; Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Cancer Care Centre; St George Hospital; Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - David L. Morris
- Department of Surgery; University of New South Wales; Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Department of Surgical Oncology; St George Hospital; Sydney New South Wales Australia
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Vicente D, Avital I, Stojadinovic A. Role of multi-modality therapy in peritoneal carcinomatosis and visceral metastasis: a case report and review of the literature. World J Surg Oncol 2015; 13:2. [PMID: 26264074 PMCID: PMC4532260 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-13-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Treatment for advanced stage colorectal cancer with synchronous peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) and hepatic metastasis (HM) has progressed significantly over the past 10 years. Case report We present the case of a 39-year-old female patient with stage IV colorectal cancer with bilateral HM, pulmonary oligometastatic disease, and diffuse PC who underwent hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) and complete cytoreductive surgery (CRS) for her intra-abdominal disease. The patient had an uneventful immediate post-operative recovery, and subsequently tolerated multiple cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy and percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of pulmonary lesions. At her 22-month follow-up assessment, the patient remains alive with disease. Conclusion Current recommendations for surgical management of synchronous colorectal cancer PC and HM indicate that patients with less than three HMs, a low peritoneal cancer index (PCI), and good functional status will benefit most from CRS and HIPEC. Our patient had an elevated PCI of 12 as measured by computed tomography imaging, and five HMs (all less than 3 cm in size); however, given that her life expectancy on systemic chemotherapy was estimated to be approximately 12 months, we have observed carefully selected patients to benefit from an aggressive multi-modality approach. This case report demonstrates an all too common scenario for surgeons managing patients with advanced CRC, and highlights the importance of patient selection for surgical management as part of multidisciplinary cancer care in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Vicente
- Department of Surgery, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20889, USA.
| | - Itzhak Avital
- Bon Secours Cancer Institute, 6605 W Broad St, Richmond, VA, 23230, USA.
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Razenberg LGEM, van Gestel YRBM, Lemmens VEPP, de Wilt JHW, Creemers GJ, de Hingh IHJT. The Prognostic Relevance of Histological Subtype in Patients With Peritoneal Metastases From Colorectal Cancer: A Nationwide Population-Based Study. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2015; 14:e13-9. [PMID: 26140733 DOI: 10.1016/j.clcc.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With evolving treatment possibilities for peritoneal metastases (PM) from colorectal cancer (CRC), adequate prognostication and patient selection for treatment becomes increasingly important. We investigated the prognostic relevance of commonly identified histological subtypes in PM of CRC (adenocarcinoma [AC], mucinous AC [MC], and signet-ring cell carcinoma [SC]), which is currently unclear. PATIENTS AND METHODS This study involved 4277 patients diagnosed with synchronous PM from CRC between 2005 and 2012 in The Netherlands. Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank testing were performed to estimate survival. Subsequently a Cox proportional hazard model was used to calculate hazard ratios for the risk of death. RESULTS Most of the CRC patients were diagnosed with AC (n = 3008; 70%), whereas MC and SC were found in 958 (22%) and 311 (7%) patients, respectively. SC was associated with the highest risk of death in colon and rectal cancer, with median survival rates of respectively, 6.6 and 6.9 months. For MC, median survival varied from 10.9 months in colon and 9.8 months in rectal cancer (P > .05). In colon cancer, MC was associated with a significantly lower risk of death compared with AC (hazard ratio, 0.9; 95% confidence interval, 0.79-0.95). In rectal cancer, no such effect was observed. AC was associated with a significantly poorer survival rate in the case of primary colonic tumor localization (7.4 months in colon vs. 10.9 months in rectal cancer). CONCLUSION Histological subtype is an important prognostic factor in patients with synchronous PM of colorectal origin. This knowledge will aid clinicians in counseling of patients and clinical decision-making regarding possible treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieke G E M Razenberg
- Department of Oncology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation (IKNL), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Johannes H W de Wilt
- Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Roohullah A, Wong HL, Sjoquist KM, Gibbs P, Field K, Tran B, Shapiro J, Mckendrick J, Yip D, Nott L, Gebski V, Ng W, Chua W, Price T, Tebbutt N, Chantrill L. Gastrointestinal perforation in metastatic colorectal cancer patients with peritoneal metastases receiving bevacizumab. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:5352-5358. [PMID: 25954110 PMCID: PMC4419077 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i17.5352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the safety and efficacy of adding bevacizumab to first-line chemotherapy in metastatic colorectal cancer patients with peritoneal disease. METHODS We compared rates of gastrointestinal perforation in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer and peritoneal disease receiving first-line chemotherapy with and without bevacizumab in three distinct cohorts: (1) the AGITG MAX trial (Phase III randomised clinical trial comparing capecitabine vs capecitabine and bevacizumab vs capecitabine, bevacizumab and mitomycinC); (2) the prospective Treatment of Recurrent and Advanced Colorectal Cancer (TRACC) registry (any first-line regimen ± bevacizumab); and (3) two cancer centres in New South Wales, Australia [Macarthur Cancer Therapy Centre and Liverpool Cancer Therapy Centre (NSWCC) from January 2005 to Decenber 2012, (any first-line regimen ± bevacizumab). For the AGITG MAX trial capecitabine was compared to the other two arms (capecitabine/bevacizumab and capecitabine/bevacizumab/mitomycinC). In the AGITG MAX trial and the TRACC registry rates of gastrointestinal perforation were also collected in patients who did not have peritoneal metastases. Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival, chemotherapy duration, and overall survival. Time-to-event outcomes were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. RESULTS Eighty-four MAX, 179 TRACC and 69 NSWCC patients had peritoneal disease. There were no gastrointestinal perforations recorded in either the MAX subgroup or the NSWCC cohorts. Of the patients without peritoneal disease in the MAX trial, 4/300 (1.3%) in the bevacizumab arms had gastrointestinal perforations compared to 1/123 (0.8%) in the capecitabine alone arm. In the TRACC registry 3/126 (2.4%) patients who had received bevacizumab had a gastrointestinal perforation compared to 1/53 (1.9%) in the chemotherapy alone arm. In a further analysis of patients without peritoneal metastases in the TRACC registry, the rate of gastrointestinal perforations was 9/369 (2.4%) in the chemotherapy/bevacizumab group and 5/177 (2.8%) in the chemotherapy alone group. The addition of bevacizumab to chemotherapy was associated with improved progression-free survival in all three cohorts: MAX 6.9 m vs 4.9 m, HR = 0.64 (95%CI: 0.42-1.02); P = 0.063; TRACC 9.1 m vs 5.5 m, HR = 0.61 (95%CI: 0.37-0.86); P = 0.009; NSWCC 8.7 m vs 6.8 m, HR = 0.75 (95%CI: 0.43-1.32); P = 0.32. Chemotherapy duration was similar across the groups. CONCLUSION Patients with peritoneal disease do not appear to have an increased risk of gastrointestinal perforations when receiving first-line therapy with bevacizumab compared to systemic therapy alone.
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Prognostic similarities and differences in optimally resected liver metastases and peritoneal metastases from colorectal cancers. Ann Surg 2015; 261:157-63. [PMID: 24509197 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000000582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze and compare survival in patients operated for colorectal liver metastases (LM) with that in patients optimally resected for peritoneal metastases (PM). PATIENTS AND METHODS This study concerns 287 patients with LM and 119 patients with PM treated with surgery plus chemotherapy between 1993 and 2009, excluding patients presenting both LM and PM. RESULTS Mortality (respectively, 2.7% and 4.2%), morbidity (respectively, 11% and 17%), and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates (respectively, 38.5% and 36.5%) were not statistically different between the LM group and the PM group. Multivariate analysis showed that the extent of the disease was the main prognostic factor, which led us to divide the population into 5 subgroups. The best 5-year OS rate (72.4%) was obtained in patients with minimal peritoneal disease [peritoneal cancer index (PCI) ≤5]. OS was similar for the patients with less than 10 LM and those with a PCI between 6 and 15 (respectively, 39.4% and 38.7%). Five-year OS was lower in patients with more than 10 LM (18.1%), and dramatically low for patients with a PCI > 15 (11.8%). CONCLUSIONS This study underlines the prognostic impact of the tumor burden in metastatic colorectal disease. In selected patients, similar survival rates can be obtained after optimal treatment of LM and PM. As the role of optimal surgical resection of LM is widely accepted, our results confirm that an optimal attitude should also be adopted to treat PM with a PCI < 16, particularly in patients with very low PCI (<5) where survival could be better than LM.
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Piso P, Arnold D, Glockzin G. Challenges in the multidisciplinary management of stage IV colon and rectal cancer. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 9:317-26. [PMID: 25192718 DOI: 10.1586/17474124.2015.957273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal metastases still represent a challenge to all oncologists despite progresses achieved by improved resectability, systemic chemotherapy and targeted therapies. In particular in patients with oligo-metastases, the role of surgical resections has been redefined. Resection is the most effective treatment method for liver metastases performed with curative intent; however, primary rate of resectability is low. Several methods to increase resectability have been developed: conversion chemotherapy, portal vein embolization, two-stage resections, vascular reconstruction of the liver veins, combination of resection and intraoperative ablation. Liver resections can be performed at present with low mortality. Patients with isolated peritoneal metastases, no extra-abdominal disease, low volume tumor and complete surgical cytoreduction do benefit from surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Several national guidelines recommend multimodality treatment for highly selected patients. The management of stage IV colorectal cancer includes several disciplines with focus on resection. A multidisciplinary evaluation of all patients is of crucial importance to define the treatment sequence and individual strategies for each patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pompiliu Piso
- Department for General- and Visceral Surgery, Hospital Barmherzige Brueder, Pruefeninger Str. 86, 93049 Regensburg Germany
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Elias D, Goéré D, Honoré C, Malka D, Boige V, Burtin P, Ducreux M. Chirurgie à visée curative des métastases péritonéales. ONCOLOGIE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10269-014-2465-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Yang YH, Lin JK, Chen WS, Lin TC, Yang SH, Jiang JK, Lan YT, Lin CC, Yen CC, Tzeng CH, Teng HW. Comparison of cetuximab to bevacizumab as the first-line bio-chemotherapy for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: superior progression-free survival is restricted to patients with measurable tumors and objective tumor response--a retrospective study. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2014; 140:1927-36. [PMID: 24934725 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-014-1741-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to compare the treatment efficacy of cetuximab versus bevacizumab in combination with either irinotecan-based or oxaliplatin-based regimens (targeted triplet) as the first-line treatment for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. METHODS Between April 2005 and March 2012, patients (n = 158) diagnosed with metastatic colorectal cancer after at least four courses of first-line bevacizumab-based (n = 95) or cetuximab-based triplet (n = 63) were retrospectively analyzed. The KRAS genotypes were sequenced for all patients. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis, and Cox proportional hazards models were used for univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS Cetuximab-based triplet was associated with a higher objective response rate (66.0 vs. 47.2 %, p = 0.037) and a higher conversion rate to resectability (39.7 vs. 20.0 %, p = 0.007) compared to bevacizumab-based triplet. Compared with bevacizumab-based triplet, cetuximab-based triplet significantly increased progression-free survival in patients with measurable metastatic colorectal cancer who achieved objective tumor response (responders) (median 13.1 vs. 10.5 months, p = 0.023), but no significant increase was observed for overall survival. After adjustment for group differences in baseline characteristics and combined chemotherapy agents, cetuximab-based triplet remained an independent determinant of progression-free survival in responders as compared with bevacizumab-based triplet. KRAS mutation was not a prognostic factor in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. CONCLUSIONS As compared with bevacizumab-based triplet, cetuximab-based triplet as the first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer was associated with better progression-free survival in patients with measurable tumors who achieved objective tumor response to bio-chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Hao Yang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
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Adjuvant HIPEC in Colorectal Cancer. CURRENT COLORECTAL CANCER REPORTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11888-014-0224-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Vallicelli C, Cavaliere D, Catena F, Coccolini F, Ansaloni L, Poiasina E, Abongwa HK, De Simone B, Alberici L, Framarini M, Verdecchia GM. Management of peritoneal carcinomatosis from colorectal cancer: review of the literature. Int J Colorectal Dis 2014; 29:895-8. [PMID: 24915844 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-014-1907-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Today, we do not have a universally accepted evidence on how to treat peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) from colorectal cancer (CRC) in international guidelines. METHODS The present study is a review of the literature investigating current strategies to treat CRC PC. RESULTS Despite the progresses of systemic chemotherapy, the presence of PC among patients with metastatic CRC reduces the overall survival to 30 %, and only 4 % of patients with PC from CRC treated are alive for 5 years. Many trials evaluate the combined treatment of cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) for CRC PC, suggesting a survival benefit in highly selected patients. Only one trial is randomized and presents some biases. The two main prognostic factors are Peritoneal Cancer Index (PCI) and completeness of cytoreduction score (CC score). There is no universal agreement on how to approach the synchronous presence of PC and liver metastasis with a curative intent during the same procedure. A growing interest among the scientific community has arisen about systematic second-look surgery and HIPEC treatment in high-risk patients. CONCLUSION Current evidences suggest that CRS and HIPEC might be beneficial in highly selected patients affected with PC from CRC. Anyway, today, there is a shortage of well-designed phase 3 trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Vallicelli
- Unit of Surgery and Advanced Oncologic Therapies, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, Forlì, Italy,
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van Oudheusden TR, Braam HJ, Nienhuijs SW, Wiezer MJ, van Ramshorst B, Luyer MD, Lemmens VE, de Hingh IH. Cytoreduction and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy: a feasible and effective option for colorectal cancer patients after emergency surgery in the presence of peritoneal carcinomatosis. Ann Surg Oncol 2014; 21:2621-2626. [PMID: 24671638 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-014-3655-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND When peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) is diagnosed during emergency surgery for colorectal cancer (CRC), further treatment with curative intent may seem futile given the known poor prognosis of both PC and emergency surgery. The aim of the current study was to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) for CRC patients who previously underwent emergency surgery in the presence of PC. METHODS All patients with synchronous PC of CRC referred to two tertiary centers between April 2005 and November 2013 were included in this study. Operative, postoperative and survival details were compared between patients presenting in an emergency or elective setting. RESULTS In total, 149 patients with synchronous PC underwent CRS and HIPEC. Amongst these patients, 36 (24.2 %) initially presented with acute symptoms requiring emergency surgery. Acute presentation did not result in a longer interval between the initial operation and HIPEC (2.2 vs. 2.1 months; P = 0.09). When comparing operative outcomes, no significant differences were found in blood loss (P = 0.47), operation time (P = 0.39), or completeness of cytoreduction (P = 0.97). In addition, complication rates, degree and types of complication did not differ between the groups. Median survival was 36.1 months for emergency presentation compared with 32.1 in the elective group (P = 0.73). CONCLUSION CRS + HIPEC may be performed safely in patients with PC of colorectal origin presenting with acute symptoms requiring emergency surgery. More importantly, the 5-year survival rate in these patients was equal to elective cases. This should be regarded as promising and therefore considered for these patients.
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Intraperitoneal chemotherapy as adjuvant treatment to prevent peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal cancer origin: a systematic review. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:1112-21. [PMID: 25025964 PMCID: PMC4453838 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) of colorectal cancer (CRC) origin is associated with poor outcome. This systematic review evaluates the available evidence about adjuvant (hyperthermic) intraperitoneal chemotherapy ((H)IPEC) to prevent the development of PC. Methods: A systematic search of literature was conducted in August 2013 in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane database for studies on (H)IPEC to prevent PC in patients who underwent curative surgery for primary CRC. Results: Seven comparative studies and five cohort studies were selected. Treatment schedules varied between repeated fluoropyrimidine-based IPEC administration in the ambulatory setting to intra-operative (H)IPEC procedures using mitomycin-C or oxaliplatin. The reported rates of major complications related to adjuvant (H)IPEC was low. Four out of five evaluable comparative studies reported a significant difference in the incidence of PC in favour of (H)IPEC. All three comparative studies reporting on survival after intra-operative (H)IPEC showed a significant survival benefit in favour of the experimental arm. Substantial heterogeneity in patient selection, treatment protocols, and treatment effect evaluation among studies was observed. Conclusions: The currently available evidence about adjuvant (H)IPEC in high-risk CRC is limited and subject to bias, but points towards improved oncological outcome and supports further randomised studies.
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Esquivel J, Piso P, Verwaal V, Bachleitner-Hofmann T, Glehen O, González-Moreno S, Deraco M, Pelz J, Alexander R, Glockzin G. American Society of Peritoneal Surface Malignancies opinion statement on defining expectations from cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in patients with colorectal cancer. J Surg Oncol 2014; 110:777-8. [PMID: 25043759 DOI: 10.1002/jso.23722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Esquivel
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Cancer Treatment Centers of America, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Akgül &O, Çetinkaya E, Ersöz Ş, Tez M. Role of surgery in colorectal cancer liver metastases. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:6113-6122. [PMID: 24876733 PMCID: PMC4033450 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i20.6113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the third most common cancer, and approximately 35%-55% of patients with CRC will develop hepatic metastases during the course of their disease. Surgical resection represents the only chance of long-term survival. The goal of surgery should be to resect all metastases with negative histological margins while preserving sufficient functional hepatic parenchyma. Although resection remains the only chance of long-term survival, management strategies should be tailored for each case. For patients with extensive metastatic disease who would otherwise be unresectable, the combination of advances in medical therapy, such as systemic chemotherapy (CTX), and the improvement in surgical techniques for metastatic disease, have enhanced prognosis with prolongation of the median survival rate and cure. The use of portal vein embolization and preoperative CTX may also increase the number of patients suitable for surgical treatment. Despite current treatment options, many patients still experience a recurrence after hepatic resection. More active systemic CTX agents are being used increasingly as adjuvant therapy either before or after surgery. Local tumor ablative therapies, such as microwave coagulation therapy and radiofrequency ablation therapy, should be considered as an adjunct to hepatic resection, in which resection cannot deal with all of the tumor lesions. Formulation of an individualized plan, which combines surgery with systemic CTX, is a necessary task of the multidisciplinary team. The aim of this paper is to discuss different approaches for patients that are treated due to CRC liver metastasis.
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Esquivel J, Lowy AM, Markman M, Chua T, Pelz J, Baratti D, Baumgartner JM, Berri R, Bretcha-Boix P, Deraco M, Flores-Ayala G, Glehen O, Gomez-Portilla A, González-Moreno S, Goodman M, Halkia E, Kusamura S, Moller M, Passot G, Pocard M, Salti G, Sardi A, Senthil M, Spilioitis J, Torres-Melero J, Turaga K, Trout R. The American Society of Peritoneal Surface Malignancies (ASPSM) Multiinstitution Evaluation of the Peritoneal Surface Disease Severity Score (PSDSS) in 1,013 Patients with Colorectal Cancer with Peritoneal Carcinomatosis. Ann Surg Oncol 2014; 21:4195-201. [PMID: 24854493 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-014-3798-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extensive clinical experience suggests that hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) may play an important role in the management of colorectal cancer patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis (CRCPC). However, there remains no established nonsurgical process to rationally select patients for this management, either for inclusion/stratification in clinical trials or as a component of standard of care. The Peritoneal Surface Disease Severity Score (PSDSS) was introduced as a basis to improve patient selection. METHODS The American Society of Peritoneal Surface Malignancies conducted a retrospective review of 1,013 CRCPC patients. The PSDSS was evaluated on 3 specific criteria obtained before surgery (symptoms, extent of peritoneal dissemination, and primary tumor histology). Overall survival was analyzed according to four tiers of disease severity, and a comparison was made between patients who underwent cytoreductive surgery + HIPEC and those who did not. RESULTS The PSDSS was calculated on 884 patients (87 %). The median survival of 275 patients not undergoing CRS/HIPEC based on their PSDSS-I (n = 8), II (n = 80), III (n = 55), and IV (n = 132)-was 45, 19, 8, and 6 months, respectively. The median survival of 609 patients who underwent CRS/HIPEC based on their PSDSS-I (n = 75), II (n = 317), III (n = 82), and IV (n = 135)-was 86, 43, 29, and 28 months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These data support that the PSDSS, undertaken before surgery, is capable of defining CRCPC populations who have a statistically defined high or considerably lower likelihood of long-term survival after CRS/HIPEC. The PSDSS can be quite useful in the decision to enter CRCPC patients into, and their stratification within, clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Esquivel
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Cancer Treatment Centers of America, Philadelphia, PA, USA,
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Ceelen W, Van Nieuwenhove Y, Putte DV, Pattyn P. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with bevacizumab may improve outcome after cytoreduction and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemoperfusion (HIPEC) for colorectal carcinomatosis. Ann Surg Oncol 2014; 21:3023-8. [PMID: 24756812 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-014-3713-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In selected patients with colorectal peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC), cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemoperfusion (HIPEC) may improve survival. We aimed to assess whether neoadjuvant chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab is indicated in this patient population. METHODS Colorectal PC patients were treated with CRS and HIPEC using oxaliplatin (200-460 mg/m(2)) or mitomycin C (35 mg/m(2)). Postoperative outcome and long-term survival were prospectively recorded. The impact of clinical variables on overall survival (OS) was assessed using univariate and Cox multivariate analysis. RESULTS Between October 2002 and May 2012, 166 patients were treated with CRS and HIPEC. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone was administered to 21 % and neoadjuvant chemotherapy with bevacizumab to 16 % of patients. Postoperative mortality and major morbidity were 2.4 and 35 %, respectively. Half of the patients received adjuvant chemotherapy. After a median follow-up of 18 months, OS was 27 months (95 % confidence interval 20.8-33.2). On univariate analysis, OS was associated with extent of disease (P < 0.001), neoadjuvant chemotherapy with bevacizumab (P = 0.021), completeness of cytoreduction (CC) (P < 0.001), and adjuvant chemotherapy (P = 0.04), but not with primary disease site, synchronous presentation, or chemoperfusion drug. In multivariate Cox regression, independent predictors of OS were CC (hazard ratio 0.29, P < 0.001) and neoadjuvant therapy containing bevacizumab (hazard ratio 0.31, P = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS Long-term OS after CRS and HIPEC for colorectal cancer is associated with CC and neoadjuvant therapy containing bevacizumab. This regimen merits prospective study in patients with resectable PC of colorectal origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wim Ceelen
- Department of Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium,
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Kuijpers AM, Mehta AM, Boot H, van Leerdam ME, Hauptmann M, Aalbers AG, Verwaal VJ. Perioperative systemic chemotherapy in peritoneal carcinomatosis of lymph node positive colorectal cancer treated with cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Ann Oncol 2014; 25:864-869. [PMID: 24667719 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS-HIPEC) is the preferred treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) of colorectal carcinoma. Patients with positive lymph node status have worse survival after CRS-HIPEC, which is probably due to higher rates of systemic failure. In this study, we analysed the effect of administration and timing of systemic chemotherapy on the outcome of lymph node positive colorectal carcinoma patients treated with CRS-HIPEC. PATIENTS AND METHODS A prospective database was reviewed to identify lymph node positive patients with PC treated with CRS-HIPEC within 1 year after primary tumour diagnosis between 2004 and 2012. Medical history of the patients was studied for the administration of perioperative systemic chemotherapy and follow-up. Outcome parameters were progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and pattern of recurrence. RESULTS Seventy-three patients treated with CRS-HIPEC for PC from lymph node positive colorectal carcinoma were identified. Fourteen patients received pre-CRS-HIPEC chemotherapy only, 32 patients underwent post-CRS-HIPEC chemotherapy only, 9 patients received chemotherapy both pre- and post-CRS-HIPEC and 16 patients did not receive any systemic chemotherapy. Of the 47 patients who did not receive pre-CRS-HIPEC chemotherapy, 11 (23%) did not receive any chemotherapy due to major postoperative complications. PFS and OS were significantly higher in patients who received systemic chemotherapy (PFS: median 15 versus 4 months, P = 0.024; OS: median 30 versus 14 months, P = 0.015), although this difference was attenuated after adjustment for major complications. Different chemotherapy timings did not differ significantly in either survival or recurrence patterns. CONCLUSIONS In patients with PC from lymph node positive colorectal carcinoma, perioperative systemic chemotherapy is associated with increased OS and PFS, although this difference may be partly explained by the occurrence of major postoperative complication; with no evidence of difference in PFS, OS and systemic recurrence rate by timing of systemic chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - M Hauptmann
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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131
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Incidence, prognosis, and treatment options for patients with synchronous peritoneal carcinomatosis and liver metastases from colorectal origin. Dis Colon Rectum 2013; 56:1373-80. [PMID: 24201391 DOI: 10.1097/dcr.0b013e3182a62d9d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peritoneal carcinomatosis and liver metastases are common metastatic sites in patients who have colorectal cancer. Quite frequently, patients present with both synchronous liver and peritoneal metastases, which may result in a dilemma regarding the optimal treatment. OBJECTIVE In the absence of reliable data, the aim of the current study was to provide population-based data on such patients and to review the literature for possible treatment options. DESIGN This study is a retrospective analysis of a prospective database and a review. PATIENTS All patients diagnosed between 1995 and 2010 with synchronous peritoneal carcinomatosis and liver metastases were identified from the Eindhoven Cancer Registry. OUTCOME MEASURES Incidence and survival were analyzed. Next, the literature was reviewed for articles reporting on the results of treatment with curative intent. RESULTS In total, 27,632 patients were diagnosed with colorectal cancer, of whom 5638 patients (20%) presented with metastasized disease. Synchronous liver metastasis and peritoneal carcinomatosis were present in 440 patients, being 11% of patients with liver metastases, 34% of patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis, 8% of patients with metastasized disease, and 2% of all patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer. Median survival for patients with liver metastasis and peritoneal carcinomatosis was 5 months, in comparison with 95 months for patients with nonmetastasized disease. No improvement in survival was noted over time. None of the patients underwent treatment with curative intent during this period. LIMITATIONS No data on the extent of peritoneal carcinomatosis and liver metastases were available in the population-based study. This complicates comparison with treated patients from the literature review, which probably reflects a highly selected patient population. CONCLUSIONS Both liver metastasis and peritoneal carcinomatosis were present in 8% of patients presenting with metastasized colorectal cancer. Population-based survival was only 5 months, with none of the patients undergoing treatment with curative intent. Median survival rates of up to 36 months after treatment with curative intent as published in the literature may be regarded as promising for selected patients.
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132
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Kulu Y, Müller-Stich B, Büchler MW, Ulrich A. Surgical treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis: current treatment modalities. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2013; 399:41-53. [PMID: 24249036 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-013-1144-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selected patients with peritoneal surface malignancies (PSM) have been treated effectively by the combination of cytoreduction surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to summarize the treatment outcomes and general considerations regarding definitions and staging systems of current CRS and HIPEC modalities in malignant peritoneal mesothelioma and in secondary peritoneal malignancies such as peritoneal metastasis from appendiceal, colorectal, gastric, and epithelial ovarian cancers. CONCLUSION Disease progression within the peritoneal cavity has in the past been regarded as a terminal event. Accumulating evidence underlines the therapeutic potential and the acceptable morbidity and mortality rates of CRS and HIPEC in selected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakup Kulu
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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133
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Kelly KJ, Nash GM. Peritoneal debulking/intraperitoneal chemotherapy-non-sarcoma. J Surg Oncol 2013; 109:14-22. [PMID: 24166680 DOI: 10.1002/jso.23449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The combination of cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and intraperitoneal chemotherapy (IPC) is widely practiced for appendiceal, colorectal, gastric, and ovarian cancers with isolated peritoneal metastasis as well as for primary peritoneal cancer. The aim of this report is to explain the rationale and available techniques for CRS and IPC, and to highlight disease-specific considerations that should be taken into account when evaluating potential candidates for CRS and IPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn J Kelly
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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134
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Role of hyperthermic intraoperative peritoneal chemotherapy in the management of peritoneal metastases. Eur J Cancer 2013; 50:332-40. [PMID: 24157254 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2013.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The peritoneal cavity must be oncologically considered as an organ in its own right and peritoneal metastases (PM) must be treated with the same curative intent (and the same results) as liver metastases. The package combining complete cytoreductive surgery (CCRS) (treating the visible disease) plus hyperthermic intraoperative peritoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) (treating the remaining non-visible disease) achieves cure in many patients. Twenty years of publication allow us to assemble sufficient background information and data to point out the good and poor indications for CCRS+HIPEC. HIPEC is the standard of care for the treatment of peritoneal pseudomyxomas and peritoneal mesotheliomas and also, recently for the treatment of colorectal PM with limited peritoneal extension. HIPEC is in the evaluation phase for gastric PM and ovarian PM after initially disappointing results, but it is highly probable that it will be useful in particular settings. PM from neuroendocrine tumours are in the same situation. HIPEC is not currently indicated for the treatment of PM from sarcomas, from GIST, and for small round-cell desmoplastic tumours, given the poor results obtained. HIPEC can be useful, on a case-by-case basis, to treat rare tumours complicated by isolated peritoneal diffusion (e.g. Frantz's tumours). HIPEC can be used in the prophylactic setting to prevent PM in patients with a high risk of developing PM, and the first results of the 'second-look' approach are promising. Finally, CCRS+HIPEC appear to be indispensable tools in the oncologist's armentarium.
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135
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Prognostic factors for peritoneal carcinomatosis originating from colorectal cancer: an analysis of 921 patients from a multi-institutional database. Surg Today 2013; 44:1643-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s00595-013-0735-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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136
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Elias D, Dumont F, Honoré C, Goéré D. Role of aggressive surgery for peritoneal metastases. EJC Suppl 2013. [PMID: 26217141 PMCID: PMC4041296 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcsup.2013.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Diane Goéré
- Gustave Roussy, Cancer Campus, Grand Paris, France
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137
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Franko J, Goldman CD, Turaga KK. Role of Chemotherapy in Peritoneal Carcinomatosis in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. CURRENT COLORECTAL CANCER REPORTS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11888-013-0173-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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138
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Kuijpers AMJ, Mirck B, Aalbers AGJ, Nienhuijs SW, de Hingh IHJT, Wiezer MJ, van Ramshorst B, van Ginkel RJ, Havenga K, Bremers AJ, de Wilt JHW, Te Velde EA, Verwaal VJ. Cytoreduction and HIPEC in the Netherlands: nationwide long-term outcome following the Dutch protocol. Ann Surg Oncol 2013; 20:4224-30. [PMID: 23897008 PMCID: PMC3827901 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-013-3145-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This nationwide study evaluated results of cytoreductive surgery (CRS) combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) for peritoneal metastasis of colorectal origin in the Netherlands following a national protocol. METHODS In a multi-institutional study prospective databases of patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) from colorectal cancer and pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) treated according to the Dutch HIPEC protocol, a uniform approach for the CRS and HIPEC treatment, were reviewed. Primary end point was overall survival and secondary end points were surgical outcome and progression-free survival. RESULTS Nine-hundred sixty patients were included; 660 patients (69 %) were affected by PC of colorectal carcinoma and the remaining suffered from PMP (31 %). In 767 procedures (80 %), macroscopic complete cytoreduction was achieved. Three-hundred and thirty one patients had grade III-V complications (34 %). Thirty-two patients died perioperatively (3 %). Median length of hospital stay was 16 days (range 0-166 days). Median follow-up period was 41 months (95 % confidence interval (CI), 36-46 months). Median progression-free survival was 15 months (95 % CI 13-17 months) for CRC patients and 53 months (95 % CI 40-66 months) for PMP patients. Overall median survival was 33 (95 % CI 28-38 months) months for CRC patients and 130 months (95 % CI 98-162 months) for PMP patients. Three- and five-year survival rates were 46 and 31 % respectively in case of CRC patients and 77 and 65 % respectively in case of PMP patients. CONCLUSIONS The results underline the safety and efficacy of cytoreduction and HIPEC for PC from CRC and PMP. It is assumed the uniform Dutch HIPEC protocol was beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke M J Kuijpers
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,
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139
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Senthil M. Assessment of clinical benefit and quality of life in patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for management of peritoneal carcinomatosis. J Gastrointest Oncol 2013; 4:3-4. [PMID: 23451328 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2078-6891.2013.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maheswari Senthil
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA-92350, USA
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140
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Glockzin G, Rochon J, Arnold D, Lang SA, Klebl F, Zeman F, Koller M, Schlitt HJ, Piso P. A prospective multicenter phase II study evaluating multimodality treatment of patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis arising from appendiceal and colorectal cancer: the COMBATAC trial. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:67. [PMID: 23391248 PMCID: PMC3575316 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Peritoneal carcinomatosis is regarded as a common sign of advanced tumor stage, tumor progression or local recurrence of appendiceal and colorectal cancer and is generally associated with poor prognosis. Although survival of patients with advanced stage CRC has markedly improved over the last 20 years with systemic treatment, comprising combination chemotherapy +/− monoclonal antibodies, the oncological outcome—especially of the subgroup of patients with peritoneal metastases—is still unsatisfactory. In addition to systemic therapy, cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) are specific treatment options for a selected group of these patients and may provide an additional therapeutic benefit in the framework of an interdisciplinary treatment concept. Methods/design The COMBATAC trial is a prospective, multicenter, open-label, single-arm, single-stage phase II trial investigating perioperative systemic polychemotherapy including cetuximab in combination with CRS and HIPEC patients with histologically proven wild-type KRAS colorectal or appendiceal adenocarcinoma and synchronous or metachronous peritoneal carcinomatosis. The planned total number of patients to be recruited is 60. The primary endpoint is progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints include overall survival (OS), perioperative morbidity and treatment-associated toxicity, feasibility of the combined treatment regimen, quality of life (QoL) and histopathological regression after preoperative chemotherapy. Discussion The COMBATAC trial is designed to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of the combined multidisciplinary treatment regimen consisting of perioperative systemic combination chemotherapy plus cetuximab and CRS plus bidirectional HIPEC with intraperitoneal oxaliplatin. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01540344, EudraCT number: 2009-014040-11
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Glockzin
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg 93042, Germany.
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141
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de Cuba EMV, Kwakman R, Knol DL, Bonjer HJ, Meijer GA, Te Velde EA. Cytoreductive surgery and HIPEC for peritoneal metastases combined with curative treatment of colorectal liver metastases: Systematic review of all literature and meta-analysis of observational studies. Cancer Treat Rev 2012; 39:321-7. [PMID: 23244778 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Assess the overall outcome in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients that present with a combination of peritoneal metastases (PM) and liver metastases (CRLM) after curative resection and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in the current literature. METHODS A systematic literature search according to the PRISMA guidelines was conducted using the PubMed database of the U.S. National library of Medicine using the keywords: colorectal cancer, liver metastasis, extra-hepatic, peritoneal metastases, peritoneal carcinomatosis, cytoreductive surgery (CRS), HIPEC and combinations hereof. Papers focussing on CRS and HIPEC for PM combined with curative treatment of CRLM were included, provided sufficient information on survival outcomes could be extracted. Duplicate publications were excluded. Meta-analysis was performed using the method described by Tierney et al. RESULTS After screening and full-text assessment of 39 papers, six articles were included containing data on combined PM and CRLM in patients treated with curative resection of both sites and HIPEC or early postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (EPIC). Three articles provided enough statistical information for meta-analysis. Pooled hazard ratio (HR) was extracted from survival curves and was 1.24 (CI 0.96-1.60). A comparison was made with patients presenting with isolated PM undergoing CRS and HIPEC and with patients with disseminated disease undergoing (modern) systemic chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS In the absence of randomized controlled studies, we found in this systematic review and meta-analysis of patients with a combination of colorectal metastases in the liver as well as in the peritoneum show a trend towards a lower overall survival after curative resection and HIPEC, when compared to patients with isolated peritoneal metastases after CRS and HIPEC (pooled HR1.24, CI 0.96-1.60). However, patients with metastatic CRC show a tendency towards increased median overall survival after CRS and HIPEC combined with resection of liver metastases when compared to treatment with modern systemic chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M V de Cuba
- Dept. of Surgical Oncology, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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