101
|
Leentjens AFG, Dujardin K, Marsh L, Martinez-Martin P, Richard IH, Starkstein SE, Weintraub D, Sampaio C, Poewe W, Rascol O, Stebbins GT, Goetz CG. Anxiety rating scales in Parkinson's disease: critique and recommendations. Mov Disord 2009; 23:2015-25. [PMID: 18792121 DOI: 10.1002/mds.22233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Anxiety syndromes are common in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) with up to 30% suffering from panic disorder, and up to 11% from generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Anxiety is associated with increased subjective motor symptoms, more severe gait problems, dyskinesias, freezing, and on/off fluctuations. Anxiety has a negative impact on health related quality of life and is strongly associated with depressive syndromes. Since a variety of anxiety scales have been used in PD patients, the Movement Disorder Society commissioned a task force to assess the clinimetric properties of these scales in PD. A systematic review was conducted to identify anxiety scales that have either been validated or used in patients with PD. Six anxiety rating scales were identified. These were the Beck anxiety inventory, the hospital anxiety and depression scale, the Zung self-rating anxiety scale and anxiety status inventory, the Spielberger state trait anxiety inventory, and the Hamilton anxiety rating scale. In addition, Item 5 (anxiety) of the neuropsychiatric inventory was included in the review. No scales met the criteria to be "recommended," and all scales were classified as "suggested." Essential clinimetric information is missing for all scales. Because several scales exist and have been used in PD, the task force recommends further studies of these instruments. If these studies show that the clinimetric properties of existing scales are inadequate, development of a new scale to assess anxiety in PD should be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albert F G Leentjens
- Department of Psychiatry, Maastricht University Hospital, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
102
|
Galhardo MMDAMC, Amaral AKDFJD, Vieira ACDC. Caracterização dos distúrbios cognitivos na Doença de Parkinson. REVISTA CEFAC 2009. [DOI: 10.1590/s1516-18462009000600015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
TEMA: comprometimentos cognitivos na doença de Parkinson. OBJETIVO: ressaltar a existência do déficit cognitivo na Doença de Parkinson, descrevendo as características dos comprometimentos cognitivos. CONCLUSÕES: as alterações cognitivas na Doença de Parkinson (referentes a memória, linguagem, capacidade visuo-espacial e funções executivas) são constatadas na literatura, no entanto, há uma carência de informações quanto à reabilitação fonoaudiológica de pacientes nessa área específica da linguagem.
Collapse
|
103
|
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder which is often reduced to a mere dysfunction of motor performance. Non-motor symptoms, however, are frequent impairments in PD and result in a major impact on the patients and their caregivers. The major neuropsychiatric comorbidities depression, anxiety, and psychotic symptoms are briefly discussed. Additionally, a brief outlook on deep brain stimulation and its effect on psychiatric symptoms is provided. Several studies did show that neuropsychiatric symptoms are underdiagnosed and consecutively treated inadequately. All in all more attention should be directed to the detection and treatment of psychiatric symptoms in PD patients in routine clinical settings.
Collapse
|
104
|
Gebhardt S, Röttgers H, Bäcker A, Schu U, Krieg JC. Treatment of panic disorder with bupropion in a patient with Parkinson’s disease. J Clin Pharm Ther 2008; 33:575-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2710.2008.00952.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
105
|
Stella F, Banzato CE, Barasnevicius Quagliato EM, Viana MA. Depression in patients with Parkinson's disease: Impact on functioning. J Neurol Sci 2008; 272:158-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2008.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2007] [Revised: 04/03/2008] [Accepted: 05/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
106
|
|
107
|
Litteljohn D, Mangano EN, Hayley S. Cyclooxygenase-2 deficiency modifies the neurochemical effects, motor impairment and co-morbid anxiety provoked by paraquat administration in mice. Eur J Neurosci 2008; 28:707-16. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2008.06371.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
108
|
Hasler G, Fromm S, Carlson PJ, Luckenbaugh DA, Waldeck T, Geraci M, Roiser JP, Neumeister A, Meyers N, Charney DS, Drevets WC. Neural response to catecholamine depletion in unmedicated subjects with major depressive disorder in remission and healthy subjects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 65:521-31. [PMID: 18458204 DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.65.5.521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The pathophysiologic mechanism of major depressive disorder (MDD) has been consistently associated with altered catecholaminergic function, especially with decreased dopamine neurotransmission, by various sources of largely indirect evidence. An instructive paradigm for more directly investigating the relationship between catecholaminergic function and depression has involved the mood response to experimental catecholamine depletion (CD). OBJECTIVES To determine whether catecholaminergic dysfunction represents a trait abnormality in MDD and to identify brain circuitry abnormalities involved in the pathophysiologic mechanism of MDD. DESIGN Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover, single-site experimental trial. SETTING Psychiatric outpatient clinic. PARTICIPANTS Fifteen unmedicated subjects with MDD in full remission (hereinafter referred to as RMDD subjects) and 13 healthy controls. INTERVENTION Induction of CD by oral administration of alpha-methylparatyrosine. Sham depletion used identical capsules containing hydrous lactose. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Quantitative positron emission tomography of regional cerebral glucose utilization to study the neural effects of CD and sham depletion. Behavioral assessments included the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale and the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (anhedonia). RESULTS Depressive and anhedonic symptoms increased during CD to a greater extent in RMDD subjects than in controls. In both groups, CD increased metabolism in the anteroventral striatum and decreased metabolism in the orbital gyri. In a limbic-cortical-striatal-pallidal-thalamic network previously implicated in MDD, composed of the ventromedial frontal polar cortex, midcingulate and subgenual anterior cingulate cortex, temporopolar cortex, ventral striatum, and thalamus, metabolism increased in RMDD subjects but decreased or remained unchanged in controls. Metabolic changes induced by CD in the left ventromedial frontal polar cortex correlated positively with depressive symptoms, whereas changes in the anteroventral striatum were correlated with anhedonic symptoms. CONCLUSIONS This study provides direct evidence for catecholaminergic dysfunction as a trait abnormality in MDD. It demonstrates that depressive and anhedonic symptoms as a result of decreased catecholaminergic neurotransmission are related to elevated activity within the limbic-cortical-striatal-pallidal-thalamic circuitry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Hasler
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital, Culmannstrasse 8, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
109
|
Reijnders JSAM, Ehrt U, Weber WEJ, Aarsland D, Leentjens AFG. A systematic review of prevalence studies of depression in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2008; 23:183-9; quiz 313. [PMID: 17987654 DOI: 10.1002/mds.21803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 778] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevalence rates of depressive disorders in Parkinson's disease (PD) vary widely across studies, ranging from 2.7% to more than 90%. The aim of this systematic review was to calculate average prevalences of depressive disorders taking into account the different settings and different diagnostic approaches of studies. Using Medline on Pubmed, a systematic literature search was carried out for studies of depression in Parkinson's disease. A total of 104 articles were included and assessed for quality; 51 articles fulfilled the quality criteria. Multiple publications from the same database were not included in the meta-analysis. In the remaining 36 articles, the weighted prevalence of major depressive disorder was 17% of PD patients, that of minor depression 22% and dysthymia 13%. Clinically significant depressive symptoms, irrespective of the presence of a DSM defined depressive disorder, were present in 35%. In studies using a (semi) structured interview to establish DSM criteria, the reported prevalence of major depressive disorder was 19%, while in studies using DSM criteria without a structured interview, the reported prevalence of major depressive disorder was 7%. Population studies report lower prevalence rates for both major depressive disorder and the clinically significant depressive symptoms than studies in other settings. This systematic review suggests that the average prevalence of major depressive disorder in PD is substantial, but lower than generally assumed.
Collapse
|
110
|
Xiang L, Szebeni K, Szebeni A, Klimek V, Stockmeier CA, Karolewicz B, Kalbfleisch J, Ordway GA. Dopamine receptor gene expression in human amygdaloid nuclei: elevated D4 receptor mRNA in major depression. Brain Res 2008; 1207:214-24. [PMID: 18371940 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2008.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2007] [Revised: 01/16/2008] [Accepted: 02/01/2008] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Previous findings from this laboratory demonstrating changes in dopamine (DA) transporter and D2 receptors in the amygdaloid complex of subjects with major depression indicate that disruption of dopamine neurotransmission to the amygdala may contribute to behavioral symptoms associated with depression. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR was used to investigate the regional distribution of gene expression of DA receptors in the human amygdala. In addition, relative levels of mRNA of DA receptors in the basal amygdaloid nucleus were measured postmortem in subjects with major depression and normal control subjects. All five subtypes of DA receptor mRNA were detected in all amygdaloid subnuclei, although D1, D2, and D4 receptor mRNAs were more abundant than D3 and D5 mRNAs by an order of magnitude. The highest level of D1 mRNA was found in the central nucleus, whereas D2 mRNA was the most abundant in the basal nucleus. Levels of D4 mRNA were highest in the basal and central nuclei. In the basal nucleus, amounts of D4, but not D1 or D2, mRNAs were significantly higher in subjects with major depression as compared to control subjects. These findings demonstrate that the D1, D2 and D4 receptors are the major subtypes of DA receptors in the human amygdala. Elevated DA receptor gene expression in depressive subjects further implicates altered dopaminergic transmission in the amygdala in depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lianbin Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
111
|
Li X, Sundquist J, Hwang H, Sundquist K. Impact of psychiatric disorders on Parkinson's disease : a nationwide follow-up study from Sweden. J Neurol 2007; 255:31-6. [PMID: 18080857 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-007-0655-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2006] [Revised: 04/18/2007] [Accepted: 05/04/2007] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze whether hospitalization for a psychiatric disorder predicts Parkinson's disease (PD) in men and women in different age groups after accounting for socioeconomic status and geographical region. METHODS Data from the MigMed database were used to identify all people in Sweden hospitalized for psychiatric disorder and PD during the study period (1987 to 2001). Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for PD were calculated among those with and without hospitalization for psychiatric disorder. RESULTS There were 1876 cases of PD among those with psychiatric disorder during the study period. The risk of developing PD was strongest among those under age 50; the SIR was 11.56 (95% CI 9.15-14.41). The risk was attenuated with increasing age in both men and women. There were similar risk patterns in all subtypes of psychiatric disorders in PD patients. The overall risk of PD among people with psychiatric disorders was higher for women than men. CONCLUSIONS A psychiatric disorder is an appreciable risk factor for the development of PD, particularly in people under age 50. The association between PD and psychiatric disorders should be taken into account by clinicians and health care providers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinjun Li
- Center for Family and Community Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Alfred Nobels allé 12, 14183, Huddinge, Sweden.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
112
|
Triantafyllou NI, Nikolaou C, Boufidou F, Angelopoulos E, Rentzos M, Kararizou E, Evangelopoulos ME, Vassilopoulos D. Folate and vitamin B12 levels in levodopa-treated Parkinson's disease patients: their relationship to clinical manifestations, mood and cognition. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2007; 14:321-5. [PMID: 18055246 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2007.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2006] [Revised: 08/21/2007] [Accepted: 10/01/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that mood, clinical manifestations and cognitive impairment of levodopa-treated Parkinson's disease (PD) patients are associated with vitamin B12 and folate deficiency. To this end, we performed this cross-sectional study by measuring serum folate and vitamin B12 blood levels in 111 consecutive PD patients. Levodopa-treated PD patients showed significantly lower serum levels of folate and vitamin B12 than neurological controls, while depressed patients had significantly lower serum folate levels as compared to non-depressed. Cognitively impaired PD patients exhibited significantly lower serum vitamin B12 levels as compared to cognitively non-impaired. In conclusion, lower folate levels were associated with depression, while lower vitamin B12 levels were associated with cognitive impairment. The effects of vitamin supplementation merit further attention and investigation.
Collapse
|
113
|
Mondolo F, Jahanshahi M, Granà A, Biasutti E, Cacciatori E, Di Benedetto P. Evaluation of anxiety in Parkinson's disease with some commonly used rating scales. Neurol Sci 2007; 28:270-5. [PMID: 17972042 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-007-0834-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2007] [Accepted: 09/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the concurrent validity of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (Ham-A) for evaluating anxiety in a group of 46 Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. The magnitude of correlations between the scales was high (all p<0.01), indicating a good concurrent validity. The item-by item analysis indicated that the main characteristics of anxiety in PD patients were 'inability to relax', 'restlessness or inability to feel calm' and 'feeling tense'. The association between anxiety, as measured by the HADS-A, with demographic characteristics or clinical features of PD was not significant, supporting existing data suggesting that anxiety in PD is not closely correlated with the severity of motor symptoms or the degree of disability. The HADS-A may be the most appropriate scale for documenting patient-reported anxiety in depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Mondolo
- Institute of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Gervasutta Hospital, Via Gervasutta 48, I-33100, Udine,
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
114
|
Macht M, Pasqualini MS, Taba P. Cognitive-behavioral Strategies for Parkinson’s Disease: A Report of Three Cases. J Clin Psychol Med Settings 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10880-007-9065-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
115
|
Mercury MG, Tschan W, Kehoe R, Kuechler A. The Presence of Depression and Anxiety in Parkinson’s Disease. Dis Mon 2007; 53:296-301. [PMID: 17656191 DOI: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2007.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Mercury
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
116
|
Macht M, Gerlich C, Ellgring H, Schradi M, Rusiñol AB, Crespo M, Prats A, Viemerö V, Lankinen A, Bitti PER, Candini L, Spliethoff-Kamminga N, de Vreugd J, Simons G, Pasqualini MS, Thompson SBN, Taba P, Krikmann U, Kanarik E. Patient education in Parkinson's disease: Formative evaluation of a standardized programme in seven European countries. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2007; 65:245-52. [PMID: 16965885 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2006.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2006] [Revised: 08/01/2006] [Accepted: 08/06/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate a newly developed education programme for Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. METHODS The programme consisted of eight sessions and aimed at improving knowledge and skills related to self-monitoring, health promotion, stress management, depression, anxiety, social competence, and social support, all with special reference to PD. The programme was formatively evaluated in seven European countries (Spain, Finland, Italy, The Netherlands, United Kingdom, Estonia, Germany) with 151 patients diagnosed with idiopathic PD. The evaluation included patients' ratings of the comprehensibility and feasibility of the programme as well as mood ratings before and after each session. Patients also completed questionnaires at the beginning and end of the programme to explore possible changes in disease-related psychosocial problems, quality of life, and depression. RESULTS The programme was feasible to run, and patients were able to understand its elements. Patients reported mood elevations following individual sessions and reduced disease-related psychosocial problems after completing the programme. There were no substantial differences in results between cultures. CONCLUSION Patient education appears to have potential as a useful and feasible intervention, complementing medical treatment in PD. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS The present programme will soon be available in seven European languages and can be tested in different health care systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Macht
- Department of Psychology, University of Würzburg, Marcusstrasse 9-11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
117
|
Nuyen J, Schellevis FG, Satariano WA, Spreeuwenberg PM, Birkner MD, van den Bos GAM, Groenewegen PP. Comorbidity was associated with neurologic and psychiatric diseases: A general practice-based controlled study. J Clin Epidemiol 2006; 59:1274-84. [PMID: 17098570 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2006.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2005] [Revised: 12/28/2005] [Accepted: 01/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE To comprehensively examine comorbidity in unselected cohorts of patients with depression, stroke, multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson's disease/parkinsonism (PD/PKM), dementia, migraine, and epilepsy. METHODS This cross-sectional study used morbidity data recorded by Dutch general practitioners. Index disease cohort sizes ranged from 241 patients with MS to 6,641 patients with lifetime depression. Thirty somatic and seven psychiatric disease categories were examined to determine whether they were comorbid with the index diseases by performing comparisons with age- and gender-matched control cohorts. Identified comorbidities were classified as either "possible" or "highly probable" comorbidity. RESULTS An extensive range of 26 disease categories was found to be comorbid with lifetime depression. The comorbidity profile of stroke was also wide, including 21 disease categories. The comorbidity patterns of migraine and epilepsy comprised each 11 disease categories. Those concerning MS, PD/PKM, and dementia included a small number of disease categories. CONCLUSION This study provides comprehensive knowledge of the occurrence of somatic and psychiatric comorbidity in general populations of patients with depression, stroke, MS, PD/PKM, dementia, migraine, and epilepsy. The implications of the findings for clinical practice and research are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Nuyen
- NIVEL (Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research), Otterstraat 118124, P.O. Box 1568, 3500 BN, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
118
|
Marsh L, McDonald WM, Cummings J, Ravina B. Provisional diagnostic criteria for depression in Parkinson's disease: report of an NINDS/NIMH Work Group. Mov Disord 2006; 21:148-58. [PMID: 16211591 DOI: 10.1002/mds.20723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mood disorders are the most common psychiatric problem associated with Parkinson's disease (PD), and have a negative impact on disability and quality of life. Accurate diagnosis of depressive disturbances in PD is critical and will facilitate the testing and use of new interventions; however, there are no clear diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders in PD. In their current form, strict Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) criteria are difficult to use in PD and require attribution of specific symptoms to PD itself or the depressive syndrome. Additionally, DSM criteria for major depression and dysthymia exclude perhaps half of PD patients with comorbid clinically significant depression. This review summarizes an NIH-sponsored workshop and describes recommended changes to DSM diagnostic criteria for depression for use in PD. Participants also recommended: (1) an inclusive approach to symptom assessment to enhance reliability of ratings in PD and avoid the need to attribute symptoms to a particular cause; (2) the inclusion of subsyndromal depression in clinical research studies of depression of PD; (3) the specification of timing of assessments for PD patients with motor fluctuations; and (4) the use of informants for cognitively impaired patients. The proposed diagnostic criteria are provisional and intended to be defined further and validated but provide a common starting point for clinical research in PD-associated depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marsh
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
119
|
Papapetropoulos S, Singer C. Psychiatric comorbidity in a population of Parkinson's disease patients. Eur J Neurol 2006; 13:e1. [PMID: 16879275 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01140.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
120
|
Ishihara L, Brayne C. A systematic review of depression and mental illness preceding Parkinson's disease. Acta Neurol Scand 2006; 113:211-20. [PMID: 16542159 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2006.00579.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Depression has been reported in several studies to be more common in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients than in the general population, and there may be overlap in the pathophysiology of the two conditions. Anxiety and other mental disorders have also been examined for possible association with PD because of their effects on the brain. MEDLINE, EMBASE and PSYCHINFO databases were searched systematically for existing systematic reviews or meta-analyses and primary research articles. Past studies and reviews have focused on co-morbidity of depression or mental disorders and PD, but as yet there have been no systematic reviews of the evidence that these conditions precede PD. Articles without robust methodology were excluded by specified criteria, based on published quality scoring criteria. Three cohort studies, one nested case-control study, and 10 case-control studies are included in the current systematic review. Premorbid depression was significantly more common in PD patients than in those without a diagnosis of PD in five of six case-control studies and three cohort studies. Premorbid anxiety may also be associated with PD although the evidence was not as strong. A few studies have looked at dementia as a co-morbid or sequel, but never as a predictor of PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Ishihara
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
121
|
Abstract
Major depression is present, at any given time, in 20-40% of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, several times the prevalence in the general population. In addition, depression may precede the diagnosis of PD. These observations and reports of depression during deep brain stimulation of regions contiguous to the substantia nigra, as well as reports of dopamine agonist improving depression, suggest depression, rather than being mainly a psychological reaction to a debilitating disease, is part of PD. It is postulated that mesolimbic and mesocortical dopaminergic pathways that mediate affect, behavior, and cognition, contribute to depression in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Lieberman
- Lieberman Parkinson Clinic, North Bay Village, FL 33141, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
Avanzi M, Baratti M, Cabrini S, Uber E, Brighetti G, Bonfà F. Prevalence of pathological gambling in patients with Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2006; 21:2068-72. [PMID: 17044068 DOI: 10.1002/mds.21072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological gambling (PG) is a psychiatric disorder characterized by loss of control of gambling, which has repercussions on family, personal, and professional life. Several recent studies have reported the relationship between PG and the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD), but no prevalence study has yet been conducted to investigate this correlation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of PG in Italian patients with PD on dopamine replacement therapy. The prevalence of PG in a PD sample (n = 98) and in an age- and sex-matched control group (n = 392) was obtained. The prevalence of PG results significantly higher (P = 0.00001) in PD patients than in control subjects (6.1% vs. 0.25%). Our results emphasize that PG in patients with idiopathic PD on dopamine replacement therapy is an emergent comorbidity, but probably at present the condition is not properly diagnosed because it is mostly unknown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Avanzi
- Division on Addiction, Hospital of Cortemaggiore, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale of Piacenza, Piacenza, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
123
|
Cole K, Vaughan FL. The feasibility of using cognitive behaviour therapy for depression associated with Parkinson's disease: a literature review. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2005; 11:269-76. [PMID: 15970452 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2005.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2004] [Revised: 09/23/2004] [Accepted: 03/07/2005] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Clinicians and researchers have called for more information on how to treat depression in Parkinson's disease. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) has been identified as the treatment of choice for a range of psychological disorders and is increasingly applied to depression associated with chronic medical conditions. The present paper will review the relevant literature on CBT treatment effectiveness and the nature of depression in Parkinson's disease before suggesting how CBT might be adapted to assist this client group. The authors conclude that CBT is a promising option for depressed patients coping with Parkinson's disease, but further research is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Cole
- Conwy and Denbighshire NHS Trust and University of Wales Bangor, Bangor, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
124
|
Papapetropoulos S, Ellul J, Argyriou AA, Chroni E, Lekka NP. The effect of depression on motor function and disease severity of Parkinson's disease. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2005; 108:465-9. [PMID: 16150537 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2005.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2005] [Revised: 07/28/2005] [Accepted: 08/01/2005] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Approximately 40% of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) experience symptoms of depression. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of depression on disease severity, motor function and other phenotypic characteristics of PD. PATIENTS AND METHODS We studied 32 PD patients with major depression (PD-D) according to the DSM-IV criteria and 32 PD patients with no depression (PD-C) matched for gender, age of onset and duration. RESULTS Major depression in PD patients was associated with increased disease severity, poorer motor function and worse performance in the activities of daily living as measured by UPDRS scores. Furthermore, there was an association of depression with the severity of bradykinesia and axial rigidity. CONCLUSIONS Depression in PD can have a profound negative impact on a patient's sense of wellbeing and motor functioning. Therefore, PD patients should be routinely and carefully screened for the presence of depression and appropriate management should be considered. Larger studies on the subject are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Spiridon Papapetropoulos
- Department of Neurology, Medical School of Patras, Greece; Department of Neurology, University of Miami, School of Medicine, Room 4004, 1501 NW 9th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
125
|
Abstract
Anxiety symptoms and disorders are associated with a range of general medical disorders. This association may be a physiologic consequence of the general medical disorder, a psychologic reaction to the experience of having a medical illness, a side effect of treatment, or a chance occurrence. This article briefly reviews the associations of panic disorder with seizure disorder, Klüver-Bucy syndrome, mitral valve prolapse, and respiratory disorders; of generalized anxiety disorder with chronic obstructive airway disease and cardiovascular and endocrine disorders; of social anxiety disorder with Parkinson's disease; of obsessive-compulsive disorder with striatal disorders; and of posttraumatic stress disorder with head injury and pain. Such associations provide important clues for understanding the neurobiology of anxiety disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline E Muller
- Medical Research Council Unit on Anxiety Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7505, South Africa.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
126
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recently, there has been much interest and rapid progress in understanding the neuropsychiatry of Parkinson's disease. This paper reviews the most important papers published during 2004 on dementia and cognitive impairment, depression and psychosis in Parkinson's disease. RECENT FINDINGS Many new studies of cognitive impairment and dementia in Parkinson's disease have been published during 2004. Cognitive impairment has been demonstrated even during the first 1-2 years after onset of disease. Whereas executive and attentional impairment is typical, learning deficits occur early in some patients. Both functional and structural imaging suggest that in addition to fronto-subcortical deficits, temporal and parietal changes occur early as well. In the first large placebo-controlled trial, the cholinesterase inhibitor rivastigmine improved cognition, daily functioning and psychiatric symptoms without worsening of parkinsonism. The frequency and characteristics of depression, anxiety and hallucinations have been explored in several studies. Unfortunately, there is still little scientific evidence available to guide the treatment of these important aspects of Parkinson's disease, and adequately designed clinical trials are needed. Although subthalamic stimulation, in addition to improvement of movement, is frequently associated with some affective and cognitive improvement, permanent and significant worsening may occur in some. Future studies should aim at identifying at-risk patients, as well as identifying the optimal pharmacological and stimulation treatments for individual patients. SUMMARY These findings provide a deeper understanding of the neurobiological substrate of cognitive impairment and dementia in Parkinson's disease, and provide new information regarding the assessment and management of dementia and other neuropsychiatric aspects of Parkinson's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Ehrt
- Section of Geriatric Psychiatry, Stavanger University Hospital, Hillevåg, Stavanger, Norway
| | | |
Collapse
|
127
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify patterns of psychological problems in Parkinson's disease (PD). METHOD A sample of 3075 patients was surveyed to determine frequencies of psychological problems and cross-validated cluster analyses were computed to identify patterns of these problems. RESULTS An increase of symptoms during arousal was reported by 68%, sleep disturbances by 32% of the sample, and sexual problems by 57% of men and 22% of women. Less frequently reported were difficulties in communicating (27%), needing help of others (38%), and depressive moods (20%). Four patterns of psychological problems were identified: general low stress, general high stress, sexual and social problems, and non-social problems. CONCLUSION The study confirms the clinical observation that PD patients differ not only in degree, but also in structure of psychological stress. Social and non-social stress constitute principal types of stress experienced in PD. This distinction should be taken into account for any approach to support people with PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Macht
- Department of Psychology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
128
|
Chen JJ. Anxiety, depression, and psychosis in Parkinson's disease: unmet needs and treatment challenges. Neurol Clin 2004; 22:S63-90. [PMID: 15501367 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncl.2004.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jack J Chen
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 East Second Street, Pomona, CA 91766, USA.
| |
Collapse
|