101
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Thirkell TJ, Pastok D, Field KJ. Carbon for nutrient exchange between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and wheat varies according to cultivar and changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:1725-1738. [PMID: 31645088 PMCID: PMC7079082 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form symbioses with most crops, potentially improving their nutrient assimilation and growth. The effects of cultivar and atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2 ]) on wheat-AMF carbon-for-nutrient exchange remain critical knowledge gaps in the exploitation of AMF for future sustainable agricultural practices within the context of global climate change. We used stable and radioisotope tracers (15 N, 33 P, 14 C) to quantify AMF-mediated nutrient uptake and fungal acquisition of plant carbon in three wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. We grew plants under current ambient (440 ppm) and projected future atmospheric CO2 concentrations (800 ppm). We found significant 15 N transfer from fungus to plant in all cultivars, and cultivar-specific differences in total N content. There was a trend for reduced N uptake under elevated atmospheric [CO2 ]. Similarly, 33 P uptake via AMF was affected by cultivar and atmospheric [CO2 ]. Total P uptake varied significantly among wheat cultivars and was greater at the future than current atmospheric [CO2 ]. We found limited evidence of cultivar or atmospheric [CO2 ] effects on plant-fixed carbon transfer to the mycorrhizal fungi. Our results suggest that AMF will continue to provide a route for nutrient uptake by wheat in the future, despite predicted rises in atmospheric [CO2 ]. Consideration should therefore be paid to cultivar-specific AMF receptivity and function in the development of climate smart germplasm for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom J. Thirkell
- Centre for Plant SciencesSchool of BiologyFaculty of Biological SciencesUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Daria Pastok
- Centre for Plant SciencesSchool of BiologyFaculty of Biological SciencesUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Katie J. Field
- Centre for Plant SciencesSchool of BiologyFaculty of Biological SciencesUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
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102
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Al Mutairi AA, Cavagnaro TR, Khor SF, Neumann K, Burton RA, Watts-Williams SJ. The effect of zinc fertilisation and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on grain quality and yield of contrasting barley cultivars. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2020; 47:122-133. [PMID: 31910148 DOI: 10.1071/fp19220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Zinc is essential for the functioning of many enzymes and plant processes and the malting process. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can improve zinc (Zn) uptake in the important cereal crop barley (Hordeum vulgare) on Zn-deficient soils. Here we investigated the impacts of Zn fertilisation and AMF on the yield and grain quality of malting barley cultivars. Five barley genotypes were inoculated or not with the AMF Rhizophagus irregularis, and grown in pots either fertilised with Zn or not. Measurements of Zn nutrition and yield were made for all cultivars. Further analyses of grain biochemical composition, including starch, β-glucan and arabinoxylan contents, and analysis of ATR-MIR spectra were made in two contrasting cultivars. Mycorrhizal colonisation generally resulted in decreased biomass, but increased grain dimensions and mean grain weight. Barley grain yield and biochemical qualities were highly variable between cultivars, and the ATR-MIR spectra revealed grain compositional differences between cultivars and AMF treatments. Mycorrhizal fungi can affect barley grain Zn concentration and starch content, but grain biochemical traits including β-glucan and arabinoxylan contents were more conserved by the cultivar, and unaffected by AMF inoculation. The ATR-MIR spectra revealed that there are other grain characteristics affected by AMF that remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Al Mutairi
- The School of Agriculture, Food and Wine and the Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia; and Department of Biology, College of Science, Jouf University, PO Box 2014, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Timothy R Cavagnaro
- The School of Agriculture, Food and Wine and the Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Shi Fang Khor
- The School of Agriculture, Food and Wine and the Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia; and The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Kylie Neumann
- The School of Agriculture, Food and Wine and the Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia; and The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Rachel A Burton
- The School of Agriculture, Food and Wine and the Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia; and The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Stephanie J Watts-Williams
- The School of Agriculture, Food and Wine and the Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia; and The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia; and Corresponding author.
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103
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Porter SS, Bantay R, Friel CA, Garoutte A, Gdanetz K, Ibarreta K, Moore BM, Shetty P, Siler E, Friesen ML. Beneficial microbes ameliorate abiotic and biotic sources of stress on plants. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Roxanne Bantay
- Department of Plant Biology Michigan State University East Lansing MI USA
| | - Colleen A. Friel
- Department of Plant Biology Michigan State University East Lansing MI USA
| | - Aaron Garoutte
- Department of Plant Biology Michigan State University East Lansing MI USA
- Department of Plant Soil & Microbial Sciences Michigan State University East Lansing MI USA
| | - Kristi Gdanetz
- Department of Plant Biology Michigan State University East Lansing MI USA
| | - Kathleen Ibarreta
- School of Biological Sciences Washington State University Vancouver WA USA
| | - Bethany M. Moore
- Department of Plant Biology Michigan State University East Lansing MI USA
| | - Prateek Shetty
- Department of Plant Biology Michigan State University East Lansing MI USA
| | - Eleanor Siler
- Department of Plant Biology Michigan State University East Lansing MI USA
| | - Maren L. Friesen
- Department of Plant Biology Michigan State University East Lansing MI USA
- Department of Plant Pathology Washington State University Pullman WA USA
- Department of Crop & Soil Sciences Washington State University Pullman WA USA
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104
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Tran BTT, Cavagnaro TR, Watts-Williams SJ. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculation and soil zinc fertilisation affect the productivity and the bioavailability of zinc and iron in durum wheat. MYCORRHIZA 2019; 29:445-457. [PMID: 31456075 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-019-00911-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing recognition of the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in food security, specifically the potential for AMF to enhance the yield and mineral nutrition-including phosphorus, zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe)-of food crops. However, the bioavailability of Zn and Fe for humans in the grain of cereal crops can be overestimated by failing to consider the abundance of phytic acid (PA). This is because PA can chelate the micronutrients, making them difficult to absorb. In order to understand the effect of an AM fungus and soil Zn concentration on the productivity and nutritional quality of food parts, this study examined the growth and nutritional responses of durum wheat, with and without inoculation with Rhizophagus irregularis, at five soil Zn concentrations. Growth and nutrient responses of the plants to soil Zn amendment was stronger than responses to AMF. However, the protective effect of AMF under soil Zn toxicity conditions was observed as reduced Zn concentration in the mycorrhizal durum wheat grain at Zn50. Here, AMF inoculation increased the concentration of PA in durum wheat grain but had no effect on the concentration of Zn and Fe; this consequently reduced the predicted bioavailability of grain Zn and Fe, which could lead to a decrease in nutritional quality of the grain. This research suggests that in soil with low (available) phosphorus and Zn concentrations, AMF may reduce the food quality of durum wheat because of an increase in PA concentration, and thus, a decrease in the bioavailability of Zn and Fe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binh T T Tran
- The School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, and the Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB1, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Taynguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot City, Daklak Province, 63131, Vietnam
| | - Timothy R Cavagnaro
- The School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, and the Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB1, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Stephanie J Watts-Williams
- The School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, and the Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB1, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia.
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB1, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia.
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105
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Zhang S, Yu J, Wang S, Singh RP, Fu D. Nitrogen fertilization altered arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi abundance and soil erosion of paddy fields in the Taihu Lake region of China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:27987-27998. [PMID: 31352598 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06005-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi were of importance in mitigating soil erosion, which was highly influenced by biotic and abiotic factors, such as host plant growth and soil nutrient. To investigate the impact of nitrogen (N) fertilization on seasonal variance in AM colonization and soil erosion, we conducted a field experiment with rice cultivation under four N fertilizer levels (0 kg N ha-1, 270 kg N ha-1, 300 kg N ha-1, and 375 kg N ha-1 plus organic fertilizers) in the Taihu Lake region, China. We investigated AM colonization before rice transplantation, during rice growth, and after rice harvest. We also assessed soil splash erosion of intact soil cores sampled at tillering and after rice harvest. We found that AM colonization (indicated by percentage of root length colonization) varied from 15 to 73%, which was attributed to rice growth, N fertilization, and their interaction. Soil loss due to splash erosion was cut down by organic N fertilizer at tillering, while higher inorganic N fertilization significantly increased soil loss after rice harvest. Additionally, we found significantly negative relationships of AM colonization to soil loss but positive relationships to soil aggregate stability. We highlighted the potential role of AM fungi in decreasing soil erosion and suggested that high N fertilization should be considered carefully when seeking after high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Zhang
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Jiazheng Yu
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Shuwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Rajendra Prasad Singh
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Dafang Fu
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
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106
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Tran BTT, Watts-Williams SJ, Cavagnaro TR. Impact of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus on the growth and nutrition of fifteen crop and pasture plant species. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2019; 46:732-742. [PMID: 31092308 DOI: 10.1071/fp18327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The formation of arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM) can result in positive, neutral or negative responses in the growth and mineral nutrition of host plants, particularly that of P, Zn and other micronutrients. This study examined the growth and nutritional responses of 15 agriculturally important plant species, including cereals, legumes and vegetables, with and without inoculation with the AM fungus (AMF) Rhizophagus irregularis. Furthermore, we explored whether the responses differed between different functional groups of plants such as monocots and dicots, C3 and C4 plants, and N-fixing and non-N-fixing plants. We found that that mycorrhizal colonisation of roots, plant growth and plant nutrient responses differed between plant species. Among the species analysed, leek (Allium ampeloprasum L. var. porrum) was the most mycorrhiza-responsive, displaying the highest mycorrhizal colonisation and biomass response, and the greatest increases in most mineral nutrients. In other plant species, the concentration of P, Cu, Zn and S were generally enhanced by inoculation with AMF. Furthermore, ionomes differed more greatly between plant species than in response to inoculation with AMF. This research further improves our understanding of the responses of different and diverse plant species to the formation of AM in terms of growth and ionomics under standardised growth conditions. The results of this study may be used in further studies and to inform agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binh T T Tran
- The Waite Research Institute and The School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB1 Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia; and Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot city, Daklak Province, 63131, Vietnam
| | - Stephanie J Watts-Williams
- The Waite Research Institute and The School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB1 Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia; and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB1 Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Timothy R Cavagnaro
- The Waite Research Institute and The School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB1 Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia; and Corresponding author.
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107
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Kobae Y, Ohtomo R, Morimoto S, Sato D, Nakagawa T, Oka N, Sato S. Isolation of Native Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi within Young Thalli of the Liverwort Marchantia paleacea. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8060142. [PMID: 31151150 PMCID: PMC6631804 DOI: 10.3390/plants8060142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are a group of soil microorganisms that establish symbioses with most land plant species. "Root trap culture" generally has been used for isolating a single regenerated spore in order to establish a monospecific, native AMF line. Roots may be co-colonized with multiple AMF species; however, only a small portion of AMF within roots sporulate, and do so only under certain conditions. In this study, we tested whether young thalli (<2 mm) of the liverwort Marchantia paleacea harbour monospecific AMF, and can be used as a vegetative inoculant line. When M. paleacea gemmae were co-cultivated with roots obtained from the field, the young thalli were infected by AMF via rhizoids and formed arbuscules after 18 days post-sowing. Ribosomal DNA sequencing of the AMF-colonized thalli (mycothalli) revealed that they harboured phylogenetically diverse AMF; however, new gemmae sown around transplanted mycothalli showed evidence of colonization from phylogenetically uniform Rhizophagus species. Of note, mycothalli can also be used as an inoculum. These results suggest that the young thalli of M. paleacea can potentially isolate monospecific AMF from field soil in a spore-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Kobae
- Laboratory of Crop Nutrition, Department of Sustainable Agriculture, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan.
- Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 1 Hitsujigaoka, Toyohira, Sapporo, Hokkaido 062-8555, Japan.
| | - Ryo Ohtomo
- Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 1 Hitsujigaoka, Toyohira, Sapporo, Hokkaido 062-8555, Japan.
- Central Region Agricultural Research Center, NARO, Kannondai 2-1-18, Tsukuba 305-8666, Japan.
| | - Sho Morimoto
- Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 1 Hitsujigaoka, Toyohira, Sapporo, Hokkaido 062-8555, Japan.
- NARO Headquarters, Kannondai 3-1-1, Tsukuba 305-8517, Japan.
| | - Daiki Sato
- Laboratory of Crop Nutrition, Department of Sustainable Agriculture, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan.
| | - Tomomi Nakagawa
- Division of Symbiotic Systems, National Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Norikuni Oka
- Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 1 Hitsujigaoka, Toyohira, Sapporo, Hokkaido 062-8555, Japan.
| | - Shusei Sato
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.
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108
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Coccina A, Cavagnaro TR, Pellegrino E, Ercoli L, McLaughlin MJ, Watts-Williams SJ. The mycorrhizal pathway of zinc uptake contributes to zinc accumulation in barley and wheat grain. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:133. [PMID: 30967108 PMCID: PMC6456977 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1741-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing zinc (Zn) concentrations in crops is important for alleviation of human Zn deficiency. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) contribute to plant Zn uptake, but their contribution to Zn in the edible portion of crops has not yet been investigated. This study aimed to quantify the mycorrhizal pathway of Zn uptake into grain of wheat and barley under varying soil Zn availabilities. Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) were grown in pots with a hyphal compartment containing 65Zn. Plants were inoculated with Rhizophagus irregularis and grown at three soil Zn concentrations. Radioactive Zn in grain and straw was measured and the contribution of AMF to Zn uptake was calculated. RESULTS The mycorrhizal pathway of Zn uptake contributed up to 24.3% of total above-ground Zn in wheat, and up to 12.7% of that Zn in barley. The greatest contribution by the mycorrhizal pathway was observed in barley at the lowest Zn addition, and in wheat at the highest one. In addition, grain yield of bread wheat was increased by AMF. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that AMF have a substantial role in uptake of Zn into cereals, and the proportional contribution by the MPU is dependent on plant species, as well as available soil Zn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Coccina
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Timothy R. Cavagnaro
- The School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, and the Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064 Australia
| | - Elisa Pellegrino
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Ercoli
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Michael J. McLaughlin
- The School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, and the Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064 Australia
| | - Stephanie J. Watts-Williams
- The School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, and the Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064 Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia Australia
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