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Leviner DB, Hochhauser E, Arad M. Inherited cardiomyopathies--Novel therapies. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 155:36-48. [PMID: 26297672 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cardiomyopathies arising due to a single gene defect represent various pathways that evoke adverse remodeling and cardiac dysfunction. While the gene therapy approach is slowly evolving and has not yet reached clinical "prime time" and gene correction approaches are applicable at the bench but not at the bedside, major advances are being made with molecular and drug therapies. This review summarizes the contemporary drugs introduced or being tested to help manage these unique disorders bearing a major impact on the quality of life and survival of the affected individuals. The restoration of the RNA reading frame facilitates the expression of partly functional protein to salvage or alleviate the disease phenotype. Chaperones are used to prevent the degradation of abnormal but still functional proteins, while other molecules are given for pathogen silencing, to prevent aggregation or to enhance clearance of protein deposits. The absence of protein may be managed by viral gene delivery or protein therapy. Enzyme replacement therapy is already a clinical reality for a series of metabolic diseases. The progress in molecular biology, based on the knowledge of the gene defect, helps generate small molecules and pharmaceuticals targeting the key events occurring in the malfunctioning element of the sick organ. Cumulatively, these tools augment the existing armamentarium of phenotype oriented symptomatic and evidence-based therapies for patients with inherited cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dror B Leviner
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel; Cardiac Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petah Tikva and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Edith Hochhauser
- Cardiac Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petah Tikva and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michael Arad
- Leviev Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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202
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Zeng QC, Wu ZL, Huang YL, Hua JH, Ye TC, Lai WY, Ren H, Xu DL. Effects of Qili Qiangxin capsule on renal aquaporin-2 expression in rats with chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J Suppl 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/suv030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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203
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Chinese Herbal Medicine in the Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure: Three-Stage Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:927160. [PMID: 26089951 PMCID: PMC4451157 DOI: 10.1155/2015/927160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background. Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has been used in the treatment of chronic heart failure (CHF) for a long time. Treatment based on syndrome differentiation and the main characteristic of TCM is the fundamental principle of TCM practice. In this study protocol, we have designed a trial to assess the efficacy and safety of CHM on CHF based on syndrome differentiation. Methods/Design. This is a three-stage trial of CHM in the treatment of CHF. The first stage is a literature review aiming to explore the common syndromes of CHF. The second is a multicentral, randomized, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CHM for the treatment of CHF. The third is a multicentral, randomized controlled clinical trial aiming to make cost-effectiveness analysis and evaluate the feasibility, compliance, and universality of CHM on CHF. Discussion. This trial will evaluate the efficacy, safety, feasibility, compliance, and universality of CHM on CHF. The expected outcome is to provide evidence-based recommendations for CHM on CHF and develop a prescription of CHM in the treatment of CHF. This trial is registered with NCT01939236 (Stage Two of the whole trial).
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204
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Effects of Qili Qiangxin Capsule on AQP2, V2R, and AT1R in Rats with Chronic Heart Failure. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:639450. [PMID: 26074997 PMCID: PMC4449905 DOI: 10.1155/2015/639450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Qili qiangxin capsule (QL), a traditional Chinese herbal compound, has been proved to be effective and safe for the treatment of chronic heart failure (CHF). Upregulation of aquaporin-2 (AQP2) accounts for the water retention in CHF. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of QL on the expression of AQP2 in rats with CHF induced by acute myocardial infarction and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. The urine output of all rats was quantified and collected every day at the first week and the 4th week after administration of QL or Valsartan. The expression of AQP2, vasopressin type 2 receptor (V2R), and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) were examined after treatment for 4 weeks. Urinary output increased significantly after administration of QL. Importantly, the protein expression of AQP2 and AQP2 phosphorylated at serine 256 (pS256-AQP2) was downregulated after administration of QL and Valsartan to CHF rats. Furthermore, QL reduced plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) and angiotensin II (AngII) level and downregulated V2R and AT1R protein expression. Thus, QL exerts its diuretic effect and improves cardiac function in CHF rats by reversing the increases in both AQP2 and pS256-AQP2 expression. The possible mechanisms may involve inhibition of V2R and AT1R.
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205
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Wang J, Guo S, Gao K, Shi Q, Fu B, Chen C, Luo L, Deng D, Zhao H, Wang W. Plasma metabolomics combined with personalized diagnosis guided by Chinese medicine reveals subtypes of chronic heart failure. JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICAL SCIENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcms.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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206
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Traditional Chinese Medication Qiliqiangxin attenuates cardiac remodeling after acute myocardial infarction in mice. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8374. [PMID: 25669146 PMCID: PMC4648480 DOI: 10.1038/srep08374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In a multicenter randomized double-blind study we demonstrated that Qiliqiangxin (QLQX), a traditional Chinese medicine, had a protective effect in heart failure patients. However, whether and via which mechanism QLQX attenuates cardiac remodeling after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is still unclear. AMI was created by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery in mice. Treating the mice in the initial 3 days after AMI with QLQX did not change infarct size. However, QLQX treatment ameliorated adverse cardiac remodeling 3 weeks after AMI including better preservation of cardiac function, decreased apoptosis and reduced fibrosis. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) was down-regulated in control animals after AMI and up-regulated by QLQX administration. Interestingly, expression of AKT, SAPK/JNK, and ERK was not altered by QLQX treatment. Inhibition of PPARγ reduced the beneficial effects of QLQX in AMI remodeling, whereas activation of PPARγ failed to provide additional improvement in the presence of QLQX, suggesting a key role for PPARγ in the effects of QLQX during cardiac remodeling after AMI. This study indicates that QLQX attenuates cardiac remodeling after AMI by increasing PPARγ levels. Taken together, QLQX warrants further investigation as as a therapeutic intervention to mitigate remodeling and heart failure after AMI.
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207
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Comparative effectiveness of Di'ao Xin Xue Kang capsule and Compound Danshen tablet in patients with symptomatic chronic stable angina. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7058. [PMID: 25394847 PMCID: PMC4231340 DOI: 10.1038/srep07058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A high proportion of patients with stable angina remains symptomatic despite multiple treatment options. Di'ao Xinxuekang (XXK) capsule and Compound Danshen (CDS) tablet have been approved for treating angina pectoris for more than 20 years in China. We compare the anti-anginal effectiveness of XXK capsule and CDS tablet in patients with symptomatic chronic stable angina. A randomized, multicenter, double-blind, parallel-group, superiority trial was conducted in 4 study sites. 733 patients with symptomatic chronic stable angina were included in the full analysis set. The primary outcomes were the proportion of patients who were angina-free and the proportion of patients with normal electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings during 20 weeks treatment. Compared with CDS, XXK significantly increased the proportion of angina-free patients, but no significant difference was noted in the proportion of patients with normal ECG recordings. Weekly angina frequency and nitroglycerin use were significantly reduced with XXK versus CDS at week 20. Moreover, XXK also improved the quality of life of angina patients as measured by the SAQ score and Xueyu Zheng (a type of TCM syndrome) score. We demonstrate that XXK capsule is more effective for attenuating anginal symptoms and improving quality of life in patients with symptomatic chronic stable angina, compared with CDS tablet.
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208
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Abstract
Traditional Chinese medication (TCM) is increasingly used to treat cardiovascular disease (CVD) in China and some other Asian countries. However, therapeutic efficacy and adverse effects of TCM are difficult to evaluate because few large-scale, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) enrolling patients with CVD have been performed. In this Review, we critically examine the current evidence on the cardiovascular effects of TCM. We reviewed 68 RCTs that included a total of 16,171 patients. The methodological quality of the trials was generally low. Only three reports described adverse cardiovascular events specifically, although in most studies TCM was associated with significant improvements in surrogate end points for hypertension, coronary heart disease, cardiac arrhythmias, and heart failure. The risk of adverse effects was not increased compared with no intervention, placebo, or Western medications. However, whether TCM is effective in reducing the all-cause or cardiovascular mortality in patients with CVD remains unknown and must be tested in large-scale RCTs with adverse cardiovascular events as primary end points.
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209
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Chinese herbal medicine for chronic heart failure: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICAL SCIENCES 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcms.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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210
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Gao F, Sun RJ, Ji Y, Yang BF. Cardiovascular research is thriving in China. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 172:5430-4. [PMID: 24962428 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease has become the leading cause of death and constitutes a serious public health issue in China. Faced with the burgeoning epidemic of cardiovascular disease and the huge burden and economic losses it causes, the Chinese government has attached the utmost importance to cardiovascular research, increasing funding to support basic and clinical studies, integrating resources and recruiting outstanding talent from overseas. The continued and growing support from the government has yielded substantial changes in terms of new discoveries, scientific publications and drug research and development within the last decade. In spite of the advances in cardiovascular research, China still faces significant challenges ahead in encouraging innovation, developing the prevention-oriented health policies and strengthening international collaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Gao
- Department of Physiology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - R J Sun
- Department of Health Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Beijing, China
| | - Y Ji
- Atherosclerosis Research Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - B F Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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211
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Liu SD, Shen Q, Lv C, Zhang P, Yu H, Yang L, Wu L. Analysis of combined detection of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide and left ventricular ejection fraction in heart function in patients with acute CO poisoning. Am J Emerg Med 2014; 32:1212-4. [PMID: 25151325 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2014.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) has been used in the evaluation on heart function in many heart diseases. However, little is known in patients with acute carbon monoxide poisoning (ACOP). Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) can be applied as a preliminary test method to measure the left ventricular function. In the present study, we investigate the clinical significance of NT-proBNP combined with LVEF on heart function in 68 patients with ACOP. METHODS A total of 68 ACOP patients hospitalized were divided into 3 groups: the mild, the moderate, and the severe group. During the same period, 30 healthy volunteers were chosen to represent the control group. The serum NT-proBNP was immediately measured and LVEF was monitored by an echocardiogram within 24 hours after admission. All data were analyzed and compared for the groups investigated. RESULTS N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide showed a significant increase and LVEF a considerable decrease in all 3 clinic groups (P < .01) when compared with the control group. Levels of NT-proBNP are increased and levels of LVEF are decreased when the clinic group changed from mild, moderate, to severe. N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide is negatively correlated with LVEF (r = -0.955, P = .045). Combined detection of NT-proBNP and LVEF in the diagnosis of heart function was found to be more sensitive compared with the single index after ACOP (χ(2) = 14.636, P < .05). CONCLUSION There are an increased level of NT-proBNP and a decrease of LVEF, which represents a clear sign of heart malfunction by ACOP. Combined NT-proBNP and LVEF detection technique has a significant advantage in the diagnosis of patients with myocardial contraction function damage after ACOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-da Liu
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, Beijing Aerospace General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Qingmin Shen
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, Beijing Aerospace General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chunfeng Lv
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, Beijing Aerospace General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Ultrasonic inspection, Beijing Aerospace General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyuan Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Aerospace General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lianhua Wu
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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212
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Chen F, Wu JL, Fu GS, Mou Y, Hu SJ. Chronic treatment with qiliqiangxin ameliorates aortic endothelial cell dysfunction in diabetic rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2014; 20:230-40. [PMID: 24906540 DOI: 10.1177/1074248414537705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Qiliqiangxin (QL), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been shown to be beneficial for chronic heart failure. However, whether QL can also improve endothelial cell function in diabetic rats remains unknown. Here, we investigated the effect of QL treatment on endothelial dysfunction by comparing the effect of QL to that of benazepril (Ben) in diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats for 8 weeks. Cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography and catheterization. Assays for acetylcholine-induced, endothelium-dependent relaxation (EDR), sodium nitroprusside-induced endothelium-independent relaxation, serum nitric oxide (NO), and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) as well as histological analyses were performed to assess endothelial function. Diabetic rats showed significantly inhibited cardiac function and EDR, decreased expression of serum NO and phosphorylation at Ser(1177) on endothelial NOS (eNOS), and impaired endothelial integrity after 8 weeks. Chronic treatment for 8 weeks with either QL or Ben prevented the inhibition of cardiac function and EDR and the decrease in serum NO and eNOS phosphorylation caused by diabetes. Moreover, either QL or Ben suppressed inducible NOS (iNOS) protein levels as well as endothelial necrosis compared with the diabetic rats. Additionally, QL prevented the increase in angiotensin-converting enzyme 1 and angiotensin II receptor type 1 in diabetes. Thus, chronic administration of QL improved serum NO production, EDR, and endothelial integrity in diabetic rat aortas, possibly through balancing eNOS and iNOS activity and decreasing renin-angiotensin system expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Chen
- Institution of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Le Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Sheng Fu
- Institution of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Mou
- Department of Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shen-Jiang Hu
- Institution of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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213
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DeMaria AN, Adler ED, Bax JJ, Ben-Yehuda O, Feld GK, Greenberg BH, Hall JL, Hlatky MA, Lew WYW, Lima JAC, Mahmud E, Maisel AS, Narayan SM, Nissen SE, Sahn DJ, Tsimikas S. Highlights of the year in JACC 2013. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014; 63:570-602. [PMID: 24524815 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric D Adler
- Cardiology Division, UCSD Medical Center, San Diego, California
| | - Jeroen J Bax
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Gregory K Feld
- Cardiology Division, UCSD Medical Center, San Diego, California
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ehtisham Mahmud
- Cardiology Division, UCSD Medical Center, San Diego, California
| | - Alan S Maisel
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Diego, California
| | | | | | - David J Sahn
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
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214
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Wang Y, Li C, Liu Z, Shi T, Wang Q, Li D, Wu Y, Han J, Guo S, Tang B, Wang W. DanQi Pill protects against heart failure through the arachidonic acid metabolism pathway by attenuating different cyclooxygenases and leukotrienes B4. Altern Ther Health Med 2014; 14:67. [PMID: 24555740 PMCID: PMC3933388 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background Chinese herbal formulae are composed of complex components and produce comprehensive pharmacological effects. Unlike chemical drugs that have only one clear single target, the components of Chinese herbal formulae have multiple channels and targets. How to discover the pharmacological targets of Chinese herbal formulae and their underlying molecular mechanism are still under investigation. Methods DanQi pill (DQP), which is one of the widely prescribed traditional Chinese medicines, is applied as an example drug. In this study, we used the drug target prediction model (DrugCIPHER-CS) to examine the underlying molecular mechanism of DQP, followed by experimental validation. Results A novel therapeutic effect pattern of DQP was identified. After determining the compounds in DQP, we used DrugCIPHER-CS to predict their potential targets. These potential targets were significantly enriched in well-known cardiovascular disease-related pathways. For example, the biological processes of neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction, calcium-signaling pathway, and aminoacyl–tRNA biosynthesis were involved. A new and significant pathway, arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism, was also identified in this study. This predicted pathway alteration was validated with an animal model of heart failure (HF). Results show that DQP had effect both on thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and Prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) in different patterns. It can down-regulate the TXB2 and up-regulate the PGI2 in diverse way. Remarkably, it also had effect on cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX2 by suppressing their levels, which may be the critical and novel mechanism of cardiacprotective efficacy for DQP. Furthermore, leukotrienes B4 (LTB4) receptor, another key molecule of AA metabolism which finally mediated gastrotoxic leukotrienes, was also reduced by DQP. Conclusions The combination of drug target prediction and experimental validation provides new insights into the complicated mechanism of DQP.
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215
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Jiang L, Liu B, Xie Q, Yang S, He L, Zhang R, Yan S, Zhou X, Liu J. Investigation into the influence of physician for treatment based on syndrome differentiation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2013; 2013:587234. [PMID: 24288563 PMCID: PMC3830859 DOI: 10.1155/2013/587234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background. The characteristics of treatment based on syndrome differentiation (TBSD) cause great challenges to evaluate the effectiveness of the clinical methods. Objectives. This paper aims to evaluate the influence of physician to personalized medicine in the process of TBSD. Methods. We performed a randomized, triple-blind trial involving patients of primary insomnia treated by 3 physicians individually and independently. The patients (n = 30) were randomly assigned to receive treatments by the 3 physicians for every visit. However, they always received the treatment, respectively, prescribed by the physician at the first visit. The primary outcome was evaluated, respectively, by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the TCM symptoms measuring scale. The clinical practices of the physicians were recorded at every visit including diagnostic information, syndrome differentiation, treating principles, and prescriptions. Results. All patients in the 3 groups (30 patients) showed significant improvements (>66%) according to the PSQI and TCM symptoms measuring scale. Conclusion. The results indicate that although with comparable effectiveness, there exist significant differences in syndrome differentiation, the treating principles, and the prescriptions of the approaches used by the 3 physicians. This means that the physician should be considered as an important factor for individualized medicine and the related TCM clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Jiang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 NanXiaoJie, DongZhiMenNei, Dong Cheng District, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Baoyan Liu
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 NanXiaoJie, DongZhiMenNei, Dong Cheng District, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Qi Xie
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 NanXiaoJie, DongZhiMenNei, Dong Cheng District, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Shuhong Yang
- Community Health Management Center of Dong Cheng District, No. 2 He Ping Li Dong Jie & Jiao Lin Jia Dao Jia, Dong Cheng District, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Liyun He
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 NanXiaoJie, DongZhiMenNei, Dong Cheng District, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Runshun Zhang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 5 BeiXianGe, GuangAnMenNei, XiCheng District, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Shiyan Yan
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 NanXiaoJie, DongZhiMenNei, Dong Cheng District, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xuezhong Zhou
- School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, No. 3 Shangyuancun, HaiDian District, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 NanXiaoJie, DongZhiMenNei, Dong Cheng District, Beijing 100700, China
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216
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Tao L, Shen S, Li X. Future prospects of Qiliqiangxin on heart failure: epigenetic regulation of regeneration. Front Genet 2013; 4:221. [PMID: 24167520 PMCID: PMC3807038 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2013.00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lichan Tao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing, China
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217
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Tang WHW, Huang Y. Cardiotonic modulation in heart failure: insights from traditional Chinese medicine. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013; 62:1073-1074. [PMID: 23747774 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W H Wilson Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
| | - Yanming Huang
- Wellness Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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