201
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Baluška F, Mancuso S. Plant Cognition and Behavior: From Environmental Awareness to Synaptic Circuits Navigating Root Apices. MEMORY AND LEARNING IN PLANTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-75596-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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202
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Grillet L, Schmidt W. The multiple facets of root iron reduction. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:5021-5027. [PMID: 29036459 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The biological significance of iron (Fe) is based on its propensity to oscillate between the ferric and ferrous forms, a transition that also affects its phyto-availability in soils. With the exception of grasses, Fe3+ is unavailable to plants. Most angiosperms employ a reduction-based Fe uptake mechanism, which relies on enzymatic reduction of ferric iron as an obligatory, rate-limiting step prior to uptake. This system functions optimally in acidic soils. Calcicole plants are, however, exposed to environments that are alkaline and/or have suboptimal availability of phosphorous, conditions under which the enzymatic reduction mechanism ceases to work effectively. We propose that auxiliary, non-enzymatic Fe reduction can be of critical importance for conferring fitness to plants thriving in alkaline soils with low bioavailability of Fe and/or phosphorus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Grillet
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Wolfgang Schmidt
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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203
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Puga MI, Rojas-Triana M, de Lorenzo L, Leyva A, Rubio V, Paz-Ares J. Novel signals in the regulation of Pi starvation responses in plants: facts and promises. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 39:40-49. [PMID: 28587933 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved numerous adaptive developmental and metabolic responses to cope with growth in conditions of limited phosphate (Pi). Regulation of these Pi starvation responses (PSR) at the organism level involves not only cellular Pi perception in different organs, but also inter-organ communication of Pi levels via systemic signaling. Here we summarize recent discoveries on Pi starvation sensing and signaling, with special emphasis on structure-function studies that showed a role for inositol polyphosphates (InsP) as intracellular Pi signals, and on genomic studies that identified a large number of mRNAs with inter-organ mobility, which provide an immense source of potential systemic signals in the control of PSR and other responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Isabel Puga
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Rojas-Triana
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura de Lorenzo
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Antonio Leyva
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Rubio
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Paz-Ares
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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204
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Abel S. Phosphate scouting by root tips. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 39:168-177. [PMID: 28527590 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2017.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Chemistry assigns phosphate (Pi) dominant roles in metabolism; however, it also renders the macronutrient a genuinely limiting factor of plant productivity. Pi bioavailability is restricted by low Pi mobility in soil and antagonized by metallic toxicities, which force roots to actively seek and selectively acquire the vital element. During the past few years, a first conceptual outline has emerged of the sensory mechanisms at root tips, which monitor external Pi and transmit the edaphic cue to inform root development. This review highlights new aspects of the Pi acquisition strategy of Arabidopsis roots, as well as a framework of local Pi sensing in the context of antagonistic interactions between Pi and its major associated metallic cations, Fe3+ and Al3+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Abel
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle, Germany; Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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205
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Shahzad Z, Amtmann A. Food for thought: how nutrients regulate root system architecture. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 39:80-87. [PMID: 28672167 PMCID: PMC5605224 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The spatial arrangement of the plant root system (root system architecture, RSA) is very sensitive to edaphic and endogenous signals that report on the nutrient status of soil and plant. Signalling pathways underpinning RSA responses to individual nutrients, particularly nitrate and phosphate, have been unravelled. Researchers have now started to investigate interactive effects between two or more nutrients on RSA. Several proteins enabling crosstalk between signalling pathways have recently been identified. RSA is potentially an important trait for sustainable and/or marginal agriculture. It is generally assumed that RSA responses are adaptive and optimise nutrient uptake in a given environment, but hard evidence for this paradigm is still sparse. Here we summarize recent advances made in these areas of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaigham Shahzad
- Institute of Molecular, Cellular and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Amtmann
- Institute of Molecular, Cellular and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom.
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206
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Goulao LF, Fernandes JC, Amâncio S. How the Depletion in Mineral Major Elements Affects Grapevine ( Vitis vinifera L.) Primary Cell Wall. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1439. [PMID: 28871267 PMCID: PMC5566972 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The noteworthy fine remodeling that plant cell walls (CWs) undergo to adapt to developmental, physiological and environmental cues and the observation that its composition and dynamics differ between species represents an opportunity to couple crop species agronomic studies with research on CW modifications. Vitis vinifera is one of the most important crops from an economic point-of-view due to the high value of the fruit, predominantly for winemaking. The availability of some information related to this species' CWs allows researching its responses to imposed conditions that affect the plant's development. Mineral deficiency, in particular nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur, strongly affects plant metabolism, reducing both growth and crop yield. Despite the importance of mineral nutrition in development, its influence on CW synthesis and modifications is still insufficiently documented. Addressing this knowledge gap, V. vinifera experimental models were used to study CW responses to imposed mineral depletion in unorganized (callus) and organized (shoots) tissues. The discussion of the obtained results is the main focus of this review. Callus and shoots submitted to mineral restriction are impaired in specific CW components, predominantly cellulose. Reorganization on structure and deposition of several other polymers, in particular the degree and pattern of pectin methyl-esterification and the amount of xyloglucan (XyG), arabinan and extensin, is also observed. In view of recently proposed CW models that consider biomechanical hotspots and direct linkages between pectins and XyG/cellulose, the outcome of these modifications in explaining maintenance of CW integrity through compensatory stiffening can be debated. Nutrient stresses do not affect evenly all tissues with undifferentiated callus tissues showing more pronounced responses, followed by shoot mature internodes, and then newly formed internodes. The impact of nitrogen depletion leads to more noticeable responses, supporting this nutrient's primary role in plant development and metabolism. The consequential compensatory mechanisms highlight the pivotal role of CW in rearranging under environmental stresses.
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207
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Daspute AA, Sadhukhan A, Tokizawa M, Kobayashi Y, Panda SK, Koyama H. Transcriptional Regulation of Aluminum-Tolerance Genes in Higher Plants: Clarifying the Underlying Molecular Mechanisms. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1358. [PMID: 28848571 PMCID: PMC5550694 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) rhizotoxicity is one of the major environmental stresses that decrease global food production. Clarifying the molecular mechanisms underlying Al tolerance may contribute to the breeding of Al-tolerant crops. Recent studies identified various Al-tolerance genes. The expression of these genes is inducible by Al. Studies of the major Arabidopsis thaliana Al-tolerance gene, ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA ALUMINUM-ACTIVATED MALATE TRANSPORTER 1 (AtALMT1), which encodes an Al-activated malate transporter, revealed that the Al-inducible expression is regulated by a SENSITIVE TO PROTON RHIXOTOXICITY 1 (STOP1) zinc-finger transcription factor. This system, which involves STOP1 and organic acid transporters, is conserved in diverse plant species. The expression of AtALMT1 is also upregulated by several phytohormones and hydrogen peroxide, suggesting there is crosstalk among the signals involved in the transcriptional regulation of AtALMT1. Additionally, phytohormones and reactive oxygen species (ROS) activate various transcriptional responses, including the expression of genes related to increased Al tolerance or the suppression of root growth under Al stress conditions. For example, Al suppressed root growth due to abnormal accumulation of auxin and cytokinin. It activates transcription of TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE OF ARABIDOPSIS 1 and other phytohormone responsive genes in distal transition zone, which causes suppression of root elongation. On the other hand, overexpression of Al inducible genes for ROS-detoxifying enzymes such as GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE, PEROXIDASE, SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE enhances Al resistance in several plant species. We herein summarize the complex transcriptional regulation of an Al-inducible genes affected by STOP1, phytohormones, and ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayan Sadhukhan
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu UniversityGifu, Japan
| | | | - Yuriko Kobayashi
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu UniversityGifu, Japan
| | - Sanjib K. Panda
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu UniversityGifu, Japan
- Faculty of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam UniversitySilchar, India
| | - Hiroyuki Koyama
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu UniversityGifu, Japan
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208
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Rouached H, Rhee SY. System-level understanding of plant mineral nutrition in the big data era. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coisb.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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209
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Ham BK, Chen J, Yan Y, Lucas WJ. Insights into plant phosphate sensing and signaling. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2017; 49:1-9. [PMID: 28732264 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is a macronutrient essential for plant growth, therefore, soil P level is critical to crop yield potential in agriculture. As Pi levels limit crop yield under many soil conditions, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms by which plants adapt to low-phosphate (Pi) soil conditions and interact with their soil microbiome to improve crop P use efficiency, in order to ensure global food security. Recent advances have been made towards achieving this goal through advancing our understanding of the plant's response to limiting Pi conditions to maintain P homeostasis. In this review, we assess advances made in local and systemic Pi sensing and signaling, and in the molecular events for Pi absorption, redistribution and plant-symbiont interactions. These findings offer important avenues for bio-engineering of agricultural crops with traits for enhanced Pi acquisition and utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Kook Ham
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Jieyu Chen
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - William J Lucas
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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210
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Wang F, Deng M, Xu J, Zhu X, Mao C. Molecular mechanisms of phosphate transport and signaling in higher plants. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017. [PMID: 28648582 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development. To adapt to low inorganic-phosphate (Pi) environments, plants have evolved complex mechanisms and pathways that regulate the acquisition and remobilization of Pi and maintain P homeostasis. These mechanisms are regulated by complex gene regulatory networks through the functions of Pi transporters (PTs) and Pi starvation-induced (PSI) genes. This review summarizes recent progress in determining the molecular regulatory mechanisms of phosphate transporters and the Pi signaling network in the dicot Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and the monocot rice (Oryza sativa L.). Recent advances in this field provide a reference for understanding plant Pi signaling and specific mechanisms that mediate plant adaptation to environments with limited Pi availability. We propose potential biotechnological applications of known genes to develop plant cultivars with improved Pi uptake and use efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Meiju Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jiming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xinlu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Chuanzao Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
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