301
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Zeng C, Liu X, Zhu S, Xiong D, Zhu L, Hou X, Zou K, Bai T. Resolvin D1 ameliorates hepatic steatosis by remodeling the gut microbiota and restoring the intestinal barrier integrity in DSS-induced chronic colitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 103:108500. [PMID: 34974401 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The maintenance of intestinalmucosalbarrier function plays an important role in hepatic steatosis. Increasing evidence has shown that resolvin D1 (RVD1) exerts a potential effect on hepatic steatosis. The aims of this study were to explore the mechanisms of RVD1 on hepatic steatosis based on the gut-liver axis and intestinal barrier function. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We established a DSS-induced chronic colitis model to evaluate hepatic steatosis. RVD1 was administered i.p. during the last 4 weeks. The colon and liver samples were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histopathological analysis. The expression levels of intestinal tight junction genes and inflammatory genes were determined by quantitative PCR. The serum levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides and LPS were measured, and the gut microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. KEY RESULTS RVD1 prevented weight loss, histopathological changes, and elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, RVD1 administration attenuated DSS-induced hepatic steatosis and inflammatory responses in mice. In addition, RVD1 improved intestinal barrier function by increasing levels of tight junction molecules and decreasing the plasma LPS levels. The RVD1-treated mice also showed a different gut microbiota composition compared with found in the mice belonging to the DSS group but similar to that in normal chow diet-fed mice. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS RVD1 treatment ameliorates DSS-induced hepatic steatosis by ameliorating gut inflammation, improving intestinal barrier function and modulating intestinal dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Zeng
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xinghuang Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Siran Zhu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Danping Xiong
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Liangru Zhu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaohua Hou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Kaifang Zou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Tao Bai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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302
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The profile of buckwheat tannins based on widely targeted metabolome analysis and pharmacokinetic study of ellagitannin metabolite urolithin A. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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303
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Kotla NG, Isa ILM, Rasala S, Demir S, Singh R, Baby BV, Swamy SK, Dockery P, Jala VR, Rochev Y, Pandit A. Modulation of Gut Barrier Functions in Ulcerative Colitis by Hyaluronic Acid System. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103189. [PMID: 34761543 PMCID: PMC8811821 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The active stages of intestinal inflammation and the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis are associated with superficial mucosal damage and intermittent wounding that leads to epithelial barrier defects and increased permeability. The standard therapeutic interventions for colitis have focused mainly on maintaining the remission levels of the disease. Nonetheless, such treatment strategies (using anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory agents) do not address colitis' root cause, especially the mucosal damage and dysregulated intestinal barrier functions. Restoration of barrier functionality by mucosal healing or physical barrier protecting strategies shall be considered as an initial event in the disease suppression and progression. Herein, a biphasic hyaluronan (HA) enema suspension, naïve-HA systems that protect the dysregulated gut epithelium by decreasing the inflammation, permeability, and helping in maintaining the epithelial barrier integrity in the dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis mice model is reported. Furthermore, HA-based system modulates intestinal epithelial junctional proteins and regulatory signaling pathways, resulting in attenuation of inflammation and mucosal protection. The results suggest that HA-based system can be delivered as an enema to act as a barrier protecting system for managing distal colonic inflammatory diseases, including colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niranjan G. Kotla
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical DevicesNational University of Ireland GalwayGalwayH91 W2TYIreland
| | - Isma Liza Mohd Isa
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical DevicesNational University of Ireland GalwayGalwayH91 W2TYIreland
- Present address:
Department of AnatomyFaculty of MedicineUniversiti KebangsaanMalaysia
| | - Swetha Rasala
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical DevicesNational University of Ireland GalwayGalwayH91 W2TYIreland
| | - Secil Demir
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical DevicesNational University of Ireland GalwayGalwayH91 W2TYIreland
| | - Rajbir Singh
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyJames Graham Brown Cancer CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY40202USA
| | - Becca V. Baby
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyJames Graham Brown Cancer CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY40202USA
| | - Samantha K. Swamy
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical DevicesNational University of Ireland GalwayGalwayH91 W2TYIreland
| | - Peter Dockery
- Department of AnatomyNational University of IrelandGalwayH91 TK33Ireland
| | - Venkatakrishna R. Jala
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyJames Graham Brown Cancer CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY40202USA
| | - Yury Rochev
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical DevicesNational University of Ireland GalwayGalwayH91 W2TYIreland
| | - Abhay Pandit
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical DevicesNational University of Ireland GalwayGalwayH91 W2TYIreland
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304
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Kotla NG, Singh R, Baby BV, Rasala S, Rasool J, Hynes SO, Martin D, Egan LJ, Vemula PK, Jala VR, Rochev Y, Pandit A. Inflammation-specific targeted carriers for local drug delivery to inflammatory bowel disease. Biomaterials 2022; 281:121364. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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305
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Hillestad EMR, van der Meeren A, Nagaraja BH, Bjørsvik BR, Haleem N, Benitez-Paez A, Sanz Y, Hausken T, Lied GA, Lundervold A, Berentsen B. Gut bless you: The microbiota-gut-brain axis in irritable bowel syndrome. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:412-431. [PMID: 35125827 PMCID: PMC8790555 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i4.412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common clinical label for medically unexplained gastrointestinal symptoms, recently described as a disturbance of the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Despite decades of research, the pathophysiology of this highly heterogeneous disorder remains elusive. However, a dramatic change in the understanding of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms surfaced when the importance of gut microbiota protruded the scientific picture. Are we getting any closer to understanding IBS' etiology, or are we drowning in unspecific, conflicting data because we possess limited tools to unravel the cluster of secrets our gut microbiota is concealing? In this comprehensive review we are discussing some of the major important features of IBS and their interaction with gut microbiota, clinical microbiota-altering treatment such as the low FODMAP diet and fecal microbiota transplantation, neuroimaging and methods in microbiota analyses, and current and future challenges with big data analysis in IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline Margrete Randulff Hillestad
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen 5021, Norway
- National Center for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen 5021, Norway
| | - Aina van der Meeren
- National Center for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen 5021, Norway
| | - Bharat Halandur Nagaraja
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen 5021, Norway
| | - Ben René Bjørsvik
- National Center for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen 5021, Norway
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen 5021, Norway
| | - Noman Haleem
- National Center for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen 5021, Norway
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen 5021, Norway
| | - Alfonso Benitez-Paez
- Host-Microbe Interactions in Metabolic Health Laboratory, Principe Felipe Research Center, Valencia 46012, Spain
| | - Yolanda Sanz
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition and Health Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council, Paterna-Valencia 46980, Spain
| | - Trygve Hausken
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen 5021, Norway
- National Center for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen 5021, Norway
| | - Gülen Arslan Lied
- National Center for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen 5021, Norway
- Center for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen 5021, Norway
| | - Arvid Lundervold
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen 5021, Norway
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen 5021, Norway
| | - Birgitte Berentsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen 5021, Norway
- National Center for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen 5021, Norway
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306
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Pu Y, Zhao L, Xi Y, Xia Y, Qian Y. The protective effects of Mirtazapine against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced brain vascular hyperpermeability. Bioengineered 2022; 13:3680-3693. [PMID: 35081868 PMCID: PMC8973832 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2024962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is mainly characterized by severe inflammation triggered by infection, and sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is defined as brain damage caused by sepsis. Disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) triggered by injured brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) and damaged tight junction (TJ) structure is closely associated with the pathogenesis of SAE. The present research proposed to evaluate the potential therapeutic effects of Mirtazapine, a central presynaptic α2 receptor antagonist, on LPS-induced BBB disruption. The mice were administered with normal saline and 10 mg/kg Mirtazapine for 8 consecutive days, and from day 6, the experiment group of mice received LPS for 2 days to induce SAE. We found that the increased BBB permeability, elevated concentrations of inflammatory factors in brain tissues, and downregulated zonula occludens -1 (ZO-1) were observed in LPS-stimulated mice, all of which were reversed by 10 mg/kg Mirtazapine. In the in vitro assay, bEnd.3 brain endothelial cells were treated with 1 μM LPS in the absence or presence of Mirtazapine (25, 50 μM). We found that LPS-treated cells had significantly declined transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER), increased monolayer permeability, elevated production of inflammatory factors, and downregulated ZO-1. However, 25 and 50 μM Mirtazapine ameliorated all these LPS- induced aberrations. Mirtazapine also mitigated the decreased level of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in LPS-challenged endothelial cells. The protective effect of Mirtazapine on endothelial permeability against LPS was significantly abolished by the knockdown of Nrf2. Collectively, we concluded that Mirtazapine exerted protective effects on LPS-induced endothelial cells hyperpermeability by upregulating Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehong Pu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Intergrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Intergrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Xi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Intergrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yichun Xia
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Intergrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Qian
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Intergrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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307
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Ellagic Acid Alleviates Oxidative Stress by Mediating Nrf2 Signaling Pathways and Protects against Paraquat-Induced Intestinal Injury in Piglets. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020252. [PMID: 35204135 PMCID: PMC8868335 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is a key source of superoxide so as to be one of the most vulnerable to oxidative stress damage. Ellagic acid (EA), a polyphenol displays widely biological activities owing to its strong antioxidant properties. Here, we investigated the protective benefits of EA on oxidative stress and intestinal barrier injury in paraquet (PQ)-challenged piglets. A total of 40 weaned piglets were randomly divided into five groups: Control, PQ, 0.005% EA-PQ, 0.01% EA-PQ, and 0.02% EA-PQ. Piglets were intraperitoneally injected with 4 mg/kg (BW) PQ or saline on d-18, and sacrificed on d-21 of experiment. EA treatments eliminated growth-check induced by PQ and increased serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity but decreased serum malondialdehyde (MDA) level as compared to PQ group. EA supplementation promoted Nrf2 nuclear translocation and enhanced heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) protein abundances of small intestinal mucosa. Additionally, EA improved PQ-induced crypt deepening, goblet cells loss, and villi morphological damage. Consistently, EA increased tight junction protein expression as was evident from the decreased serum diamine oxidase (DAO) levels. EA could ameliorate the PQ-induced oxidative stress and intestinal damage through mediating Nrf2 signaling pathway. Intake of EA-rich food might prevent oxidative stress-mediated gut diseases.
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308
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Zhang Z, Zhang G, Zhang S, Zhao J. Fructooligosaccharide Reduces Weanling Pig Diarrhea in Conjunction with Improving Intestinal Antioxidase Activity and Tight Junction Protein Expression. Nutrients 2022; 14:512. [PMID: 35276872 PMCID: PMC8838560 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was to illustrate the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on the antioxidant capacity, intestinal barrier function, and microbial community of weanling pigs. Results showed that FOS reduced the incidence of diarrhea (6.5 vs. 10.8%) of pigs (p < 0.05) but did not affect growth performance when compared with the control group. A diet supplemented with FOS increased ileal mRNA expression of occludin (1.7 vs. 1.0), claudin-1 (1.9 vs. 1.0), claudin-2 (1.8 vs. 1.0), and claudin-4 (1.7 vs. 1.0), as well as colonic mRNA expression of ZO-1 (1.6 vs. 1.0), claudin-1 (1.7 vs. 1.0), occludin (1.9 vs. 1.0), and pBD-1 (1.5 vs. 1.0) when compared with the control group (p < 0.05). FOS supplementation improved the anti-oxidase activity and expression of nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), and decreased concentrations of D-lactate (3.05 U/L vs. 2.83 U/L) and TNF-α (59.1 pg/mL vs. 48.0 pg/mL) in the serum when compared with the control group (p < 0.05). In addition, FOS increased Sharpea, Megasphaera, and Bacillus populations in the gut when compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Association analysis indicated that mRNA expression of occludin and claudin-1 in the ileal mucosa were correlated positively with populations of Sharpea and Bacillus (p < 0.05). Furthermore, mRNA expression of occludin and claudin-1 in the colonic mucosa were correlated positively with abundances of Sharpea, Lactobocillus, and Bifidobacterium (p < 0.05). In conclusion, FOS activated Nrf2 signaling and increased the expression of specific tight junction proteins, which were associated with reduced diarrhea incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jinbiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.Z.); (G.Z.); (S.Z.)
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309
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Zhang Y, Liu M, Zhang Y, Tian M, Chen P, Lan Y, Zhou B. Urolithin A alleviates acute kidney injury induced by renal ischemia reperfusion through the p62-Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway. Phytother Res 2022; 36:984-995. [PMID: 35040204 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by renal ischemia reperfusion (RIR) is typically observed in renal surgeries and is a leading cause of renal failure. However, there is still an unmet medical need currently in terms of clinical treatments. Herein, we report the effect of Urolithin A (UA) in a mouse RIR model, wherein we demonstrated its underlying mechanism both in vitro and in vivo. The expression levels of p62 and Keap1 significantly decreased, while that of nuclear Nrf2 increased in vitro in a hypoxia cell model after UA treatment. Furthermore, the apoptosis of tubular cells was attenuated and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were reduced in the kidneys in a mouse RIR model after UA administration. In this study, we demonstrated that UA can alleviate oxidative stress and promote autophagy by activating the p62-Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway, which could protect the kidneys from ischemia reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengmeng Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaoyuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mi Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Lan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Benhong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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310
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Chen W, Liu D, Ren C, Su X, Wong CK, Yang R. A Special Network Comprised of Macrophages, Epithelial Cells, and Gut Microbiota for Gut Homeostasis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11020307. [PMID: 35053422 PMCID: PMC8774616 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of gut epithelial cells derived immunological factors such as cytokines and chemokines, which are stimulated by the gut microbiota, can regulate host immune responses to maintain a well-balance between gut microbes and host immune system. Multiple specialized immune cell populations, such as macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), innate lymphoid cells, and T regulatory (Treg) cells, can communicate with intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) and/or the gut microbiota bi-directionally. The gut microbiota contributes to the differentiation and function of resident macrophages. Situated at the interface between the gut commensals and macrophages, the gut epithelium is crucial for gut homeostasis in microbial recognition, signaling transformation, and immune interactions, apart from being a physical barrier. Thus, three distinct but interactive components—macrophages, microbiota, and IEC—can form a network for the delicate and dynamic regulation of intestinal homeostasis. In this review, we will discuss the crucial features of gut microbiota, macrophages, and IEC. We will also summarize recent advances in understanding the cooperative and dynamic interactions among the gut microbiota, gut macrophages, and IEC, which constitute a special network for gut homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (W.C.); (D.L.); (C.R.); (X.S.)
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (W.C.); (D.L.); (C.R.); (X.S.)
| | - Changhao Ren
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (W.C.); (D.L.); (C.R.); (X.S.)
| | - Xiaomin Su
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (W.C.); (D.L.); (C.R.); (X.S.)
| | - Chun-Kwok Wong
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
| | - Rongcun Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (W.C.); (D.L.); (C.R.); (X.S.)
- Translational Medicine Institute, Affiliated Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Correspondence:
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311
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Qi M, Wang N, Xiao Y, Deng Y, Zha A, Tan B, Wang J, Yin Y, Liao P. Ellagic acid ameliorates paraquat-induced liver injury associated with improved gut microbial profile. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 293:118572. [PMID: 34838710 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Paraquat, a widely used herbicide, causes environmental pollution, and liver injury in humans and animals. As a natural compound in fruits, ellagic acid (EA) shows anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. This study examines the beneficial effects of dietary EA against the paraquat-induced hepatic injury and further explores the underlying molecular mechanisms using a piglet model. Post-weaning piglets are fed basal diet supplemented with 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, or 200 mg/kg EA for 3 weeks. At week 2, hepatic injury is induced by 4 mg/kg paraquat followed by 7 days recovery. EA supplementation significantly mitigates paraquat-induced hepatic fibrosis, steatosis, and high apoptotic rate. In agreement, EA supplementation reduces serum pro-inflammatory levels, ameliorates inflammatory cells infiltration into hepatic tissue, which are associated with suppressed NF-κB signaling during paraquat exposure. In addition, EA supplementation significantly improves activities of antioxidative enzymes which were correlated with activated Nrf2/Keap 1 signaling during paraquat exposure. Furthermore, EA supplementation restores cecal microbial community during paraquat exposure. The protective effect of EA is strongly linked with increased relative abundance of Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus amylovorus. Taken together, EA supplementation effectively reduced the occurrence of hepatic oxidative damage and inflammation induced by paraquat through modulating cecal microbial communities, which provides a novel nutritional therapeutic strategy for hepatic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Qi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100008, China
| | - Nan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Yuxin Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Yuankun Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Andong Zha
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100008, China
| | - Bie Tan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China.
| | - Yulong Yin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100008, China
| | - Peng Liao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100008, China
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312
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Hua D, Luo A, Wu Z, Huang C, Li S, Xu X, Xu J, Yang C, Wang D, Liu C. Sulforaphane improves cognitive dysfunction after surgery and anesthesia in mice: the role of Keap1-Nrf2 signaling. Brain Res Bull 2022; 181:1-11. [PMID: 35041848 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Anesthesia and surgery are likely causing cognitive dysfunction in patients, especially the elderly. However, the underlying pathogenic mechanisms largely remain unclear. Accumulating evidence suggest that signaling between Kelch-like erythroid cell-derived protein with CNC homology (ECH)-associated protein 1 (Keap1) and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) plays an important role in the pathogenesis and treatment of brain dysfunction, while sulforaphane (SFN), a natural compound acting as an Nrf2 agonist, can improve brain function. In the present study, we used 9-month-old mice to perform tibial fracture surgery under isoflurane general anesthesia. Hierarchical cluster analysis of Morris water maze test (MWMT) analysis was performed to classify mice into post-operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) versus non-POCD phenotypes. Expression levels of Keap1 and Nrf2 were significantly decreased in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), hippocampus and liver, but not in the nucleus accumbens, muscle and gut of POCD mice compared to control and non-POCD mice. Interestingly, both pretreatment and posttreatment with SFN significantly improved the abnormal behaviors of mice in the MWMT, in parallel with the up-regulated levels of Keap1-Nrf2 signaling in the mPFC, hippocampus and liver. In conclusion, these results suggest that decreased Keap1-Nrf2 signaling in the mPFC, hippocampus and liver may contribute to the onset of POCD, and that SFN exerts facilitating effects on POCD symptoms by increasing Keap1-Nrf2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyu Hua
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ailin Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zifeng Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chaoli Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaolin Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiali Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Cunming Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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313
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Gut Microbiome and Organ Fibrosis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14020352. [PMID: 35057530 PMCID: PMC8781069 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a pathological process associated with most chronic inflammatory diseases. It is defined by an excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins and can affect nearly every tissue and organ system in the body. Fibroproliferative diseases, such as intestinal fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, progressive kidney disease and cardiovascular disease, often lead to severe organ damage and are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, for which there are currently no effective therapies available. In the past decade, a growing body of evidence has highlighted the gut microbiome as a major player in the regulation of the innate and adaptive immune system, with severe implications in the pathogenesis of multiple immune-mediated disorders. Gut microbiota dysbiosis has been associated with the development and progression of fibrotic processes in various organs and is predicted to be a potential therapeutic target for fibrosis management. In this review we summarize the state of the art concerning the crosstalk between intestinal microbiota and organ fibrosis, address the relevance of diet in different fibrotic diseases and discuss gut microbiome-targeted therapeutic approaches that are current being explored.
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314
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Wang YJ, Li QM, Zha XQ, Luo JP. Dendrobium fimbriatum Hook polysaccharide ameliorates dextran-sodium-sulfate-induced colitis in mice via improving intestinal barrier function, modulating intestinal microbiota, and reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Food Funct 2022; 13:143-160. [PMID: 34874039 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03003e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The ameliorative effect of Dendrobium fimbriatum polysaccharide (cDFPW1) on ulcerative colitis (UC) was investigated using a dextran-sodium-sulfate-induced (DSS-induced) mouse model in the present study. The results showed that cDFPW1 effectively improved colitis in mice by ameliorating weight loss, disease activity index (DAI) and colonic pathological damage, and by protecting the intestinal barrier function integrity. Moreover, cDFPW1 modulated the composition and metabolism of intestinal microbiota through enhancing Romboutsia, Lactobacillus and Odoribacter, and reducing Parasutterella, Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia and Acinetobacter in colitis mice. Notably, cDFPW1 significantly restored the homeostasis of Th17/regulatory T (Treg) cells and the expression of specific cytokines. Western blotting of colon tissues showed that cDFPW1 markedly up-regulated the expression of Nrf2 and inhibited the phosphorylation of NF-κB signaling. These results indicated that cDFPW1 possesses the potential of improving UC and its effect on palliating colitis may be connected with the regulation of Nrf2/NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jing Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China. .,Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Qiang-Ming Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China. .,Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Xue-Qiang Zha
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China. .,Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Jian-Ping Luo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China. .,Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
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315
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Cui Q, Tian X, Liang X, Zhang Z, Wang R, Zhou Y, Yi H, Gong P, Lin K, Liu T, Zhang L. Bifidobacterium bifidum relieved DSS-induced colitis in mice potentially by activating aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Food Funct 2022; 13:5115-5123. [DOI: 10.1039/d1fo04219j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) characterized with relapsed intestinal inflammation and barrier function disruption is still a great therapeutic challenge. This study aimed to screen probiotics that have the potential to...
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316
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Wang X, Chen K, Wang S, Wang Q, Hu Y, Yin F, Liu X, Zhou DY. Distribution of tyrosol fatty acid esters in the gastrointestinal tract of mice and their hydrolysis characteristic by the gut microbiota. Food Funct 2022; 13:2998-3008. [DOI: 10.1039/d1fo04029d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Phenolic lipids have been approved as safe and effective antioxidants, are also a potential ingredient for functional foods. However, the characteristics of gastrointestinal distribution and microbial hydrolysis in the gastrointestinal...
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317
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Liu X, Zhang Z, Song Y, Xie H, Dong M. An update on brown adipose tissue and obesity intervention: Function, regulation and therapeutic implications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1065263. [PMID: 36714578 PMCID: PMC9874101 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1065263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity have become a world-wide problem. However, effective intervention approaches are limited. Brown adipose tissue, which helps maintain body temperature and contributes to thermogenesis, is dependent on uncoupling protein1. Over the last decade, an in-creasing number of studies have found that activating brown adipose tissue and browning of white adipose tissue can protect against obesity and obesity-related metabolic disease. Brown adipose tissue has gradually become an appealing therapeutic target for the prevention and re-versal of obesity. However, some important issues remain unresolved. It is not certain whether increasing brown adipose tissue activity is the cause or effect of body weight loss or what the risks might be for sympathetic nervous system-dependent non-shivering thermogenesis. In this review, we comprehensively summarize approaches to activating brown adipose tissue and/or browning white adipose tissue, such as cold exposure, exercise, and small-molecule treatment. We highlight the functional mechanisms of small-molecule treatment and brown adipose tissue transplantation using batokine, sympathetic nervous system and/or gut microbiome. Finally, we discuss the causality between body weight loss induced by bariatric surgery, exercise, and brown adipose tissue activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Liu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yajie Song
- Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan, China
| | - Hengchang Xie
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Meng Dong, ; Hengchang Xie,
| | - Meng Dong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Meng Dong, ; Hengchang Xie,
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318
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Lynn DJ, Benson SC, Lynn MA, Pulendran B. Modulation of immune responses to vaccination by the microbiota: implications and potential mechanisms. Nat Rev Immunol 2022; 22:33-46. [PMID: 34002068 PMCID: PMC8127454 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-021-00554-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The need for highly effective vaccines that induce robust and long-lasting immunity has never been more apparent. However, for reasons that are still poorly understood, immune responses to vaccination are highly variable between different individuals and different populations. Furthermore, vaccine immunogenicity is frequently suboptimal in the very populations who are at most risk from infectious disease, including infants, the elderly, and those living in low-income and middle-income countries. Although many factors have the potential to influence vaccine immunogenicity and therefore vaccine effectiveness, increasing evidence from clinical studies and animal models now suggests that the composition and function of the gut microbiota are crucial factors modulating immune responses to vaccination. In this Review, we synthesize this evidence, discuss the immunological mechanisms that potentially mediate these effects and consider the potential of microbiota-targeted interventions to optimize vaccine effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Lynn
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Saoirse C Benson
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Miriam A Lynn
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Bali Pulendran
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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319
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Shi PZ, Wang JW, Wang PC, Han B, Lu XH, Ren YX, Feng XM, Cheng XF, Zhang L. Urolithin a alleviates oxidative stress-induced senescence in nucleus pulposus-derived mesenchymal stem cells through SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:1928-1946. [PMID: 35069991 PMCID: PMC8727228 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i12.1928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In degenerative intervertebral disc (IVD), an unfavorable IVD environment leads to increased senescence of nucleus pulposus (NP)-derived mesenchymal stem cells (NPMSCs) and the inability to complete the differentiation from NPMSCs to NP cells, leading to further aggravation of IVD degeneration (IDD). Urolithin A (UA) has been proven to have obvious effects in delaying cell senescence and resisting oxidative stress.
AIM To explore whether UA can alleviate NPMSCs senescence and to elucidate the underlying mechanism.
METHODS In vitro, we harvested NPMSCs from rat tails, and divided NPMSCs into four groups: the control group, H2O2 group, H2O2 + UA group, and H2O2 + UA + SR-18292 group. Senescence-associated β-Galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) activity, cell cycle, cell proliferation ability, and the expression of senescence-related and silent information regulator of transcription 1/PPAR gamma coactivator-1α (SIRT1/ PGC-1α) pathway-related proteins and mRNA were used to evaluate the protective effects of UA. In vivo, an animal model of IDD was constructed, and X-rays, magnetic resonance imaging, and histological analysis were used to assess whether UA could alleviate IDD in vivo.
RESULTS We found that H2O2 can cause NPMSCs senescence changes, such as cell cycle arrest, reduced cell proliferation ability, increased SA-β-Gal activity, and increased expression of senescence-related proteins and mRNA. After UA pretreatment, the abovementioned senescence indicators were significantly alleviated. To further demonstrate the mechanism of UA, we evaluated the mitochondrial membrane potential and the SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway that regulates mitochondrial function. UA protected mitochondrial function and delayed NPMSCs senescence by activating the SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway. In vivo, we found that UA treatment alleviated an animal model of IDD by assessing the disc height index, Pfirrmann grade and the histological score.
CONCLUSION In summary, UA could activate the SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway to protect mitochondrial function and alleviate cell senescence and IDD in vivo and vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Zhi Shi
- Department of Orthopedic, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jun-Wu Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ping-Chuan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bo Han
- Department of Orthopedic, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Xu-Hua Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital of The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Yong-Xin Ren
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xin-Min Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Cheng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedics Implants, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu Province, China
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320
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Fahmy HA, Farag MA. Ongoing and potential novel trends of pomegranate fruit peel; a comprehensive review of its health benefits and future perspectives as nutraceutical. J Food Biochem 2021; 46:e14024. [PMID: 34923641 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pomegranate is an ancient shrub, globally distributed nowadays. It has been used in the middle east as a medicinal food and traditional medicine for thousands of years. Pomegranate peel (PP) constitutes about 50% of the total fruit, however, it has been previously regarded as a waste. Recent research points to PP as a rich source of phenolics (e.g., ellagitannins, flavonoids, and anthocyanins), polysaccharides, in addition to its biotransformed metabolites viz. urolithins making it a valuable waste with promising pharmacological actions. Compared to the pulp and the juice, PP exhibited stronger antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Besides, it inhibited inflammation in several conditions, including colitis, arthritis, hepatitis, contact dermatitis, and lung inflammation. Moreover, it displayed anti-osteoporosis, anti-hyperglycemic, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, vasculoprotective, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, and immunomodulatory effects. Additionally, it was effective as a prebiotic and in obesity control, besides it promoted wound healing. Furthermore, PP demonstrated anticancer effects against different cancer types, for example, colon, liver, thyroid, uterine, breast, bladder, prostate, leukemia, and osteosarcoma. Despite PP safety, it may interfere with the metabolism of other drugs because it inhibits cytochromes (CYP) changing their bioavailability, effectiveness, and toxicity. PP biowaste valorization not only avoids against its environmental and economic burden but can also provide a promising platform to produce novel or improved nutraceuticals. This study provides a comprehensive overview of PP biological activities with the reported action mechanisms related to its phytochemicals and further biotransformed metabolites inside the body. Future research prospects to unravel the merits of such waste and optimize its use are discussed. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Pomegranate is widely distributed throughout the world. Although its peel was previously considered a waste, recent research regards it as a rich source of bioactive compounds with promising biological activities. Its recycling not only overcomes the bio-waste problems, but also provides a source of valuable compounds with several health benefits. In recent years, PP has been demonstrated to exhibit excellent pharmacological bioactivities, for example, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiosteoporosis, antihyperlipidemic, and anticancer activities. Its health-promoting power is mostly attributed to the phenolic and polysaccharide content, in addition to its amazing biotransformed metabolites. The underlying action mechanisms of such pharmacological activities are discussed and related to its chemical content. This review presents the latest research progress on the role of PP in the prevention and treatment of various chronic diseases, and its protective health effects for future research to be used in nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba A Fahmy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology & Information, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
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321
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Sheng K, Xu Y, Kong X, Wang J, Zha X, Wang Y. Probiotic Bacillus cereus Alleviates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis in Mice through Improvement of the Intestinal Barrier Function, Anti-Inflammation, and Gut Microbiota Modulation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:14810-14823. [PMID: 34677958 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dysbiosis leads to continuous progress of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, current therapeutic approaches for IBD have limited efficacy and are associated with various side effects. This study focused on exploring the positive effect of a new Bacillus cereus (B. cereus) strain (HMPM18123) in a colitis mouse model and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. The colitis symptoms were alleviated by the B. cereus administration as evidenced by decreased body weight loss, colon length shortening, disease activity index score, and histopathological score. The B. cereus mitigated intestinal epithelial barrier damage by upregulating tight junction protein expression. Moreover, B. cereus exerted anti-inflammatory effects by regulating macrophage polarization and suppressing the TLR4-NF-κB-NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathways. B. cereus also rebalanced the damaged gut microbiota. Thus, the molecular mechanism of alleviating colitis by B. cereus treatment involved the regulation of the TLR4-NF-κB-NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathways in intestinal mucosal barriers by modulating gut microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangliang Sheng
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Yifan Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Xiaowei Kong
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Jingmin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Xiangdong Zha
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Yongzhong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
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322
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Zhang XN, Zhao N, Guo FF, Wang YR, Liu SX, Zeng T. Diallyl disulfide suppresses the lipopolysaccharide-driven inflammatory response of macrophages by activating the Nrf2 pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 159:112760. [PMID: 34896185 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-driven activation of Kupffer cells plays critical roles in the development of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Accumulating evidence has revealed that nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) can modulate the polarization of macrophages. The current study aimed to investigate the roles of diallyl disulfide (DADS) in LPS-driven inflammation in vitro and in vivo. We found that DADS significantly increased the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and the transcription of Nrf2 targets, including HO1, NQO1, and γ-GCSc, and suppressed degradation of Nrf2 protein. Besides, DADS significantly inhibited LPS-induced activation of NF-κB and MAPK, secretion of NO and TNF-α, and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in LPS-exposed RAW264.7 cells. In vivo study demonstrated that DADS significantly ameliorated liver damage in mice challenged with LPS, as shown by the inhibition of increases in serum aminotransferase activities, neutrophil infiltration, and NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Finally, knockout of Nrf2 abrogated the suppression of DADS on macrophage polarization and on liver injury induced by LPS. These findings reveal that DADS suppresses LPS-driven inflammatory response in the liver by activating Nrf2, which suggests that the protective effects of DADS against ALD may be attributed to the modulation of Kupffer cell polarization in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Ning Zhang
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Fang-Fang Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Yi-Ran Wang
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Shi-Xuan Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Tao Zeng
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
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323
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Song W, Yang X, Wang W, Wang Z, Wu J, Huang F. Sinomenine ameliorates septic acute lung injury in mice by modulating gut homeostasis via aryl hydrocarbon receptor/Nrf2 pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 912:174581. [PMID: 34743979 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome caused by a host's immune response to infection. Acute lung injury (ALI) is one of the most common complications of sepsis with high mortality and morbidity. Recent evidence demonstrated that the 'gut-lung axis' was related to the progression of septic acute lung injury, which regarded gut microbiota and intestinal barrier as two critical factors correlated with acute lung injury. Sinomenine is an isoquinoline alkaloid component extracted from Sinomenium acutum Rehd,et Wils, which has been already reported to have significant anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, and anti-arthritis properties. In this research, we observed that sinomenine could repair the lung injury and alleviate inflammatory response induced by cecum ligation and puncture (CLP). Illumine sequencing of 16S rDNA revealed that sinomenine could improve the richness of gut microbiota and modulate the composition of intestinal flora in cecum ligation and puncture mice. Meanwhile, sinomenine could reduce the colon pathological damage and improve the intestine barrier integrity in cecum ligation and puncture mice. We also found that the molecular mechanism of sinomenine's protective effect on intestinal tract was related to the activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor/nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2(Nrf2)pathway both in vivo and vitro experiments. Collectively, the prevention of septic acute lung injury by sinomenine might be mediated by modulating gut microbiota and restoring intestinal barrier via aryl hydrocarbon receptor/Nrf2-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoting Yang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wanqiu Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zi Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Wu
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengjie Huang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
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324
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Aichinger G. Natural Dibenzo-α-Pyrones: Friends or Foes? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13063. [PMID: 34884865 PMCID: PMC8657677 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural dibenzo-α-pyrones (DAPs) can be viewed from two opposite angles. From one angle, the gastrointestinal metabolites urolithins are regarded as beneficial, while from the other, the emerging mycotoxin alternariol and related fungal metabolites are evaluated critically with regards to potential hazardous effects. Thus, the important question is: can the structural characteristics of DAP subgroups be held responsible for distinct bioactivity patterns? If not, certain toxicological and/or pharmacological aspects of natural DAPs might yet await elucidation. Thus, this review focuses on comparing published data on the two groups of natural DAPs regarding both adverse and beneficial effects on human health. Literature on genotoxic, estrogenic, endocrine-disruptive effects, as well as on the induction of the cellular anti-oxidative defense system, anti-inflammatory properties, the inhibition of kinases, the activation of mitophagy and the induction of autophagy, is gathered and critically reviewed. Indeed, comparing published data suggests similar bioactivity profiles of alternariol and urolithin A. Thus, the current stratification into hazardous Alternaria toxins and healthy urolithins seems debatable. An extrapolation of bioactivities to the other DAP sub-class could serve as a promising base for further research. Conclusively, urolithins should be further evaluated toward high-dose toxicity, while alternariol derivatives could be promising chemicals for the development of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Aichinger
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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325
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Wang G, Han Q, Yan X, Feng L, Zhang Y, Zhang R, Zhang Y. Polyphenols-rich extracts from walnut green husk prevent non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, vascular endothelial dysfunction and colon tissue damage in rats induced by high-fat diet. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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326
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Stenvinkel P, Shiels PG. Metabolic syndrome in combination with chronic kidney disease-It´s a gut feeling. J Intern Med 2021; 290:1108-1111. [PMID: 34564905 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul G Shiels
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, MVLS, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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327
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Kaushik S, Tasset I, Arias E, Pampliega O, Wong E, Martinez-Vicente M, Cuervo AM. Autophagy and the hallmarks of aging. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 72:101468. [PMID: 34563704 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy, an essential cellular process that mediates degradation of proteins and organelles in lysosomes, has been tightly linked to cellular quality control for its role as part of the proteostasis network. The current interest in identifying the cellular and molecular determinants of aging, has highlighted the important contribution of malfunctioning of autophagy with age to the loss of proteostasis that characterizes all old organisms. However, the diversity of cellular functions of the different types of autophagy and the often reciprocal interactions of autophagy with other determinants of aging, is placing autophagy at the center of the aging process. In this work, we summarize evidence for the contribution of autophagy to health- and lifespan and provide examples of the bidirectional interplay between autophagic pathways and several of the so-called hallmarks of aging. This central role of autophagy in aging, and the dependence on autophagy of many geroprotective interventions, has motivated a search for direct modulators of autophagy that could be used to slow aging and extend healthspan. Here, we review some of those ongoing therapeutic efforts and comment on the potential of targeting autophagy in aging.
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328
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Yu JS, Youn GS, Choi J, Kim C, Kim BY, Yang S, Lee JH, Park T, Kim BK, Kim YB, Roh SW, Min BH, Park HJ, Yoon SJ, Lee NY, Choi YR, Kim HS, Gupta H, Sung H, Han SH, Suk KT, Lee DY. Lactobacillus lactis and Pediococcus pentosaceus-driven reprogramming of gut microbiome and metabolome ameliorates the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e634. [PMID: 34965016 PMCID: PMC8715831 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although microbioa-based therapies have shown putative effects on the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), it is not clear how microbiota-derived metabolites contribute to the prevention of NAFLD. We explored the metabolomic signature of Lactobacillus lactis and Pediococcus pentosaceus in NAFLD mice and its association in NAFLD patients. METHODS We used Western diet-induced NAFLD mice, and L. lactis and P. pentosaceus were administered to animals in the drinking water at a concentration of 109 CFU/g for 8 weeks. NAFLD severity was determined based on liver/body weight, pathology and biochemistry markers. Caecal samples were collected for the metagenomics by 16S rRNA sequencing. Metabolite profiles were obtained from caecum, liver and serum. Human stool samples (healthy control [n = 22] and NAFLD patients [n = 23]) were collected to investigate clinical reproducibility for microbiota-derived metabolites signature and metabolomics biomarker. RESULTS L. lactis and P. pentosaceus supplementation effectively normalized weight ratio, NAFLD activity score, biochemical markers, cytokines and gut-tight junction. While faecal microbiota varied according to the different treatments, key metabolic features including short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acids (BAs) and tryptophan metabolites were analogously restored by both probiotic supplementations. The protective effects of indole compounds were validated with in vitro and in vivo models, including anti-inflammatory effects. The metabolomic signatures were replicated in NAFLD patients, accompanied by the comparable levels of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, which was significantly higher (4.3) compared with control (0.6). Besides, the consequent biomarker panel with six stool metabolites (indole, BAs, and SCFAs) showed 0.922 (area under the curve) in the diagnosis of NAFLD. CONCLUSIONS NAFLD progression was robustly associated with metabolic dys-regulations in the SCFAs, bile acid and indole compounds, and NAFLD can be accurately diagnosed using the metabolites. L. lactis and P. pentosaceus ameliorate NAFLD progression by modulating gut metagenomic and metabolic environment, particularly tryptophan pathway, of the gut-liver axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Seok Yu
- Department of Agricultural BiotechnologyCenter for Food and BioconvergenceResearch Institute for Agricultural and Life SciencesSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Gi Soo Youn
- Institute for Liver and Digestive DiseasesHallym UniversityChuncheonRepublic of Korea
| | - Jieun Choi
- Department of Agricultural BiotechnologyCenter for Food and BioconvergenceResearch Institute for Agricultural and Life SciencesSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Chang‐Ho Kim
- Department of Agricultural BiotechnologyCenter for Food and BioconvergenceResearch Institute for Agricultural and Life SciencesSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | | | | | | | - Tae‐Sik Park
- Department of Life ScienceGachon UniversitySungnamRepublic of Korea
| | - Byoung Kook Kim
- Chong Kun Dang Bio Research InstituteGyeonggi‐doRepublic of Korea
| | - Yeon Bee Kim
- Department of Agricultural BiotechnologyCenter for Food and BioconvergenceResearch Institute for Agricultural and Life SciencesSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
- Microbiology and Functionality Research GroupWorld Institute of KimchiGwangjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Seong Woon Roh
- Microbiology and Functionality Research GroupWorld Institute of KimchiGwangjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Byeong Hyun Min
- Institute for Liver and Digestive DiseasesHallym UniversityChuncheonRepublic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Park
- Institute for Liver and Digestive DiseasesHallym UniversityChuncheonRepublic of Korea
| | - Sang Jun Yoon
- Institute for Liver and Digestive DiseasesHallym UniversityChuncheonRepublic of Korea
| | - Na Young Lee
- Institute for Liver and Digestive DiseasesHallym UniversityChuncheonRepublic of Korea
| | - Ye Rin Choi
- Institute for Liver and Digestive DiseasesHallym UniversityChuncheonRepublic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Seob Kim
- Institute for Liver and Digestive DiseasesHallym UniversityChuncheonRepublic of Korea
| | - Haripriya Gupta
- Institute for Liver and Digestive DiseasesHallym UniversityChuncheonRepublic of Korea
| | - Hotaik Sung
- School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Sang Hak Han
- Department of PathologyHallym University College of MedicineChuncheonRepublic of Korea
| | - Ki Tae Suk
- Institute for Liver and Digestive DiseasesHallym UniversityChuncheonRepublic of Korea
| | - Do Yup Lee
- Department of Agricultural BiotechnologyCenter for Food and BioconvergenceResearch Institute for Agricultural and Life SciencesSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
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329
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Wu T, Wang X, Xiong H, Deng Z, Peng X, Xiao L, Jiang L, Sun Y. Bioactives and their metabolites from Tetrastigma hemsleyanum leaves ameliorate DSS-induced colitis via protecting the intestinal barrier, mitigating oxidative stress and regulating the gut microbiota. Food Funct 2021; 12:11760-11776. [PMID: 34747421 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02588k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tetrastigma hemsleyanum, a precious edible and medicinal plant in China, has attracted extensive research attention in recent years due to its high traditional value for the treatment of various diseases. In vitro digestion and colonic fermentation models were established to evaluate the stability of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum leaves (THL) phenolics by the HPLC-QqQ-MS/MS method. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were degraded during digestion and fermentation. 3-caffeoylquinic acid, 5-caffeoylquinic acid, orientin and (iso)vitexin were metabolized by digestive enzymes and the gut microbiota, and absorbed in the form of glycosides and smaller phenolic acids for hepatic metabolism. The protective effects of THL on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice and potential mechanisms were explored. The results showed that THL supplementation increased the body weight and colon length, and the expression levels of tight junction proteins including occludin, claudin-1 and ZO-1 were up-regulated by THL. The secretions of pro-inflammatory cytokines containing IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly suppressed, whereas the content of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was promoted in the THL treated group. In addition, THL treatment activated the nuclear transfer of Nrf2, improved the expression of SOD, CAT, HO-1, NQO1 and GCLC, and decreased the content of MPO and MDA. It is worth noting that THL treatment significantly increased the content of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), increased the abundance of Ruminococcaceae, and decreased the abundance of Verrucomicrobia which is positively correlated with pro-inflammatory cytokines. These results indicated that THL effectively inhibited DSS-induced colitis by maintaining the intestinal epithelial barrier, mitigated oxidative stress through regulating the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway and regulated the imbalance of the intestinal flora structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Xiaoya Wang
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hua Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Zeyuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Xin Peng
- Ningbo Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lihua Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Li Jiang
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China.
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330
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Peng CY, Zhu HD, Zhang L, Li XF, Zhou WN, Tu ZC. Urolithin A alleviates advanced glycation end-product formation by altering protein structures, trapping methylglyoxal and forming complexes. Food Funct 2021; 12:11849-11861. [PMID: 34734623 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02631c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Urolithin A (UroA) is a first-in-class natural compound derived from the gut microbiota-derived metabolites of ellagitannins. This research for the first time evaluates the mechanisms of UroA inhibiting advanced glycation end-product (AGE) formation by fluorescence spectroscopy, molecular docking, liquid chromatography (LC) and LC-Oribitrap tandem mass spectrometry. The results indicated that UroA exhibited a good suppression effect on the formation of AGEs in human serum albumin (HSA)-fructose and HSA-methylglyoxal (MGO) systems. Further mechanism analysis revealed that UroA alleviated AGE formation by changing the conformational structure of HSA, trapping reactive MGO to form mono-MGO-UroA complexes, promoting the exposure of chromophores to a more hydrophobic micro-environment, and forming stable UroA-HSA complexes. UroA bound with HSA in an equimolar manner, the binding was an exothermic spontaneous process, subdomain IIIA was the preferred binding pocket, and hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions and van der Waals forces were the major interaction forces. The number of glycation sites detected in glycated HSA was reduced by 1 and 2, respectively, when 181.82 and 363.64 μM UroA was added. These could provide an insight into the mechanism of UroA inhibiting HSA glycation, and highlight its value as a promising glycation inhibitor in the prevention of diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yan Peng
- National R&D center of Freshwater Fish Processing, College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China.
| | - Hua-Dong Zhu
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- National R&D center of Freshwater Fish Processing, College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China.
| | - Xiao-Feng Li
- National R&D center of Freshwater Fish Processing, College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China.
| | - Wen-Na Zhou
- National R&D center of Freshwater Fish Processing, College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China.
| | - Zong-Cai Tu
- National R&D center of Freshwater Fish Processing, College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
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331
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Dey P, Chaudhuri SR, Efferth T, Pal S. The intestinal 3M (microbiota, metabolism, metabolome) zeitgeist - from fundamentals to future challenges. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 176:265-285. [PMID: 34610364 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The role of the intestine in human health and disease has historically been neglected and was mostly attributed to digestive and absorptive functions. In the past two decades, however, discoveries related to human nutrition and intestinal host-microbe reciprocal interaction have established the essential role of intestinal health in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases and the overall wellbeing. That transfer of gut microbiota could be a means of disease phenotype transfer has revolutionized our understanding of chronic disease pathogenesis. This narrative review highlights the major concepts related to intestinal microbiota, metabolism, and metabolome (3M) that have facilitated our fundamental understanding of the association between the intestine, and human health and disease. In line with increased interest of microbiota-dependent modulation of human health by dietary phytochemicals, we have also discussed the emerging concepts beyond the phytochemical bioactivities which emphasizes the integral role of microbial metabolites of parent phytochemicals at extraintestinal tissues. Finally, this review concludes with challenges and future prospects in defining the 3M interactions and has emphasized the fact that, it takes 'guts' to stay healthy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyankar Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India.
| | - Saumya Ray Chaudhuri
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sirshendu Pal
- Mukherjee Hospital, Mitra's Clinic and Nursing Home, Siliguri, West Bengal, India
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332
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Wang Z, Chen WD, Wang YD. Nuclear receptors: a bridge linking the gut microbiome and the host. Mol Med 2021; 27:144. [PMID: 34740314 PMCID: PMC8570027 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-021-00407-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The gut microbiome is the totality of microorganisms, bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and fungi within the gastrointestinal tract. The gut microbiome plays key roles in various physiological and pathological processes through regulating varieties of metabolic factors such as short-chain fatty acids, bile acids and amino acids. Nuclear receptors, as metabolic mediators, act as a series of intermediates between the microbiome and the host and help the microbiome regulate diverse processes in the host. Recently, nuclear receptors such as farnesoid X receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, aryl hydrocarbon receptor and vitamin D receptor have been identified as key regulators of the microbiome-host crosstalk. These nuclear receptors regulate metabolic processes, immune activity, autophagy, non-alcoholic and alcoholic fatty liver disease, inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, obesity, and type-2 diabetes. Conclusion In this review, we have summarized the functions of the nuclear receptors in the gut microbiome-host axis in different physiological and pathological conditions, indicating that the nuclear receptors may be the good targets for treatment of different diseases through the crosstalk with the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Dong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Medical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China. .,School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation, The People' Hospital of Hebi, Henan University, Henan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan-Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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333
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Iglesias-Aguirre CE, Cortés-Martín A, Ávila-Gálvez MÁ, Giménez-Bastida JA, Selma MV, González-Sarrías A, Espín JC. Main drivers of (poly)phenol effects on human health: metabolite production and/or gut microbiota-associated metabotypes? Food Funct 2021; 12:10324-10355. [PMID: 34558584 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02033a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite the high human interindividual variability in response to (poly)phenol consumption, the cause-and-effect relationship between some dietary (poly)phenols (flavanols and olive oil phenolics) and health effects (endothelial function and prevention of LDL oxidation, respectively) has been well established. Most of the variables affecting this interindividual variability have been identified (food matrix, gut microbiota, single-nucleotide-polymorphisms, etc.). However, the final drivers for the health effects of (poly)phenol consumption have not been fully identified. At least partially, these drivers could be (i) the (poly)phenols ingested that exert their effect in the gastrointestinal tract, (ii) the bioavailable metabolites that exert their effects systemically and/or (iii) the gut microbial ecology associated with (poly)phenol metabolism (i.e., gut microbiota-associated metabotypes). However, statistical associations between health effects and the occurrence of circulating and/or excreted metabolites, as well as cross-sectional studies that correlate gut microbial ecologies and health, do not prove a causal role unequivocally. We provide a critical overview and perspective on the possible main drivers of the effects of (poly)phenols on human health and suggest possible actions to identify the putative actors responsible for the effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos E Iglesias-Aguirre
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Adrián Cortés-Martín
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - María Á Ávila-Gálvez
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (IBET), Apartado 12, 2781-901, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Juan A Giménez-Bastida
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - María V Selma
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Antonio González-Sarrías
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Juan Carlos Espín
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
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334
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Uyanga VA, Amevor FK, Liu M, Cui Z, Zhao X, Lin H. Potential Implications of Citrulline and Quercetin on Gut Functioning of Monogastric Animals and Humans: A Comprehensive Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:3782. [PMID: 34836037 PMCID: PMC8621968 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of gut health in animal welfare and wellbeing is undisputable. The intestinal microbiota plays an essential role in the metabolic, nutritional, physiological, and immunological processes of animals. Therefore, the rapid development of dietary supplements to improve gut functions and homeostasis is imminent. Recent studies have uncovered the beneficial effects of dietary supplements on the immune response, microbiota, gut homeostasis, and intestinal health. The application of citrulline (a functional gut biomarker) and quercetin (a known potent flavonoid) to promote gut functions has gained considerable interest as both bioactive substances possess anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and immunomodulatory properties. Research has demonstrated that both citrulline and quercetin can mediate gut activities by combating disruptions to the intestinal integrity and alterations to the gut microbiota. In addition, citrulline and quercetin play crucial roles in maintaining intestinal immune tolerance and gut health. However, the synergistic benefits which these dietary supplements (citrulline and quercetin) may afford to simultaneously promote gut functions remain to be explored. Therefore, this review summarizes the modulatory effects of citrulline and quercetin on the intestinal integrity and gut microbiota, and further expounds on their potential synergistic roles to attenuate intestinal inflammation and promote gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Anthony Uyanga
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an City 271018, China; (V.A.U.); (M.L.)
- Organization of African Academic Doctors (OAAD), Off Kamiti Road, Nairobi P.O. Box 25305-00100, Kenya;
| | - Felix Kwame Amevor
- Organization of African Academic Doctors (OAAD), Off Kamiti Road, Nairobi P.O. Box 25305-00100, Kenya;
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Min Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an City 271018, China; (V.A.U.); (M.L.)
| | - Zhifu Cui
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Xiaoling Zhao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Hai Lin
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an City 271018, China; (V.A.U.); (M.L.)
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335
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Mitochondria as a Cellular Hub in Infection and Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111338. [PMID: 34768767 PMCID: PMC8583510 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the energy center of the cell. They are found in the cell cytoplasm as dynamic networks where they adapt energy production based on the cell’s needs. They are also at the center of the proinflammatory response and have essential roles in the response against pathogenic infections. Mitochondria are a major site for production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS; or free radicals), which are essential to fight infection. However, excessive and uncontrolled production can become deleterious to the cell, leading to mitochondrial and tissue damage. Pathogens exploit the role of mitochondria during infection by affecting the oxidative phosphorylation mechanism (OXPHOS), mitochondrial network and disrupting the communication between the nucleus and the mitochondria. The role of mitochondria in these biological processes makes these organelle good targets for the development of therapeutic strategies. In this review, we presented a summary of the endosymbiotic origin of mitochondria and their involvement in the pathogen response, as well as the potential promising mitochondrial targets for the fight against infectious diseases and chronic inflammatory diseases.
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336
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Ye S, Si C, Deng J, Chen X, Kong L, Zhou X, Wang W. Understanding the Effects of Metabolites on the Gut Microbiome and Severe Acute Pancreatitis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:1516855. [PMID: 34712726 PMCID: PMC8548099 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1516855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory disease of the pancreas. The severity is classified as mild (MAP), moderately severe (MSAP), or severe (SAP). In patients with SAP, organ dysfunction can occur in the early stage of the disease course, accompanied by secondary infection, with a mortality rate of 36%-50%. In the late stage SAP, infection-related complications caused by pancreatic necrotic tissue and peripancreatic effusion are the main causes of death in patients. Dysbacteriosis of intestinal microflora, barrier dysfunction of intestinal mucosa, and translocation of enteric bacteria are considered to be the main causes of infection of pancreatic necrotic tissue and peripancreatic effusion. During the past few years, increasing attention has been paid to the metabolic activities of intestinal microflora in SAP, which plays an important role in the metabolic activities of the human body. This review is aimed at bringing together the most recent findings and advances regarding the gut microbial community and associated gut microbial community metabolites and illustrating the role of these metabolites in disease progression in severe acute pancreatitis. We hope that this review will provide new ideas and schemes for the treatment of SAP in the clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Ye
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chenli Si
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jie Deng
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaohu Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | | | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiming Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Yan X, Wang Y, Ren XY, Liu XY, Ma JM, Song RL, Wang XH, Dong Y, Yu AX, Fan QQ, Wei J, She GM. Gut dysbiosis correction contributes to the hepatoprotective effects of Thymus quinquecostatus Celak extract against alcohol through the gut-liver axis. Food Funct 2021; 12:10281-10290. [PMID: 34549762 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01117k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a major health issue globally due to the consumption of alcoholic beverages. Thymus quinquecostatus Celak is a food additive and an edible herb that is widely used in Asia and possesses hepatoprotective activity, but the underlying mechanisms behind this protective activity are not completely understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of Thymus quinquecostatus Celak extract (TQE) against ALD as well as the underlying mechanism based on gut microbiota and the gut-liver axis. TQE supplementation markedly alleviated chronic alcohol-induced liver injury in C57 mice. TQE also ameliorated gut barrier dysfunction induced by alcohol. Consequently, the activation of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) translocation-mediated TLR4 pathway and the subsequent inflammatory response and ROS overproduction in the liver were suppressed. Meanwhile, alcohol-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis was also corrected by TQE. To further investigate the contribution of gut dysbiosis correction to the beneficial effects of TQE on ALD, a fecal microbiota transplantation study was conducted. TQE-manipulated gut microbiota transplantation markedly counteracted the alcohol-induced gut dysbiosis in the recipient mice. In parallel with gut dysbiosis correction, liver damage was partly ameliorated in the recipient mice. Gut barrier dysfunction, endotoxemia, TLR4 pathway induction as well as downstream inflammatory response and ROS overproduction were also partly suppressed due to gut dysbiosis correction in alcohol-fed recipient mice. In summary, these results suggest that gut dysbiosis correction contributes to the hepatoprotective effects of TQE against alcohol through the gut-liver axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Xue-Yang Ren
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Xiao-Yun Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Jia-Mu Ma
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Ruo-Lan Song
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Xiu-Huan Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Ying Dong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - A-Xiang Yu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Qi-Qi Fan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Jing Wei
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Gai-Mei She
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
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338
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Wang Q, Qi Y, Shen W, Xu J, Wang L, Chen S, Hou T, Si J. The Aged Intestine: Performance and Rejuvenation. Aging Dis 2021; 12:1693-1712. [PMID: 34631215 PMCID: PMC8460310 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to the growing elderly population, age-related problems are gaining increasing attention from the scientific community. With senescence, the intestine undergoes a spectrum of changes and infirmities that are likely the causes of overall aging. Therefore, identification of the aged intestine and the search for novel strategies to rescue it, are required. Although progress has been made in research on some components of the aged intestine, such as intestinal stem cells, the comprehensive understanding of intestinal aging is still limited, and this restricts the in-depth search for efficient strategies. In this concise review, we discuss several aspects of intestinal aging. More emphasis is placed on the appraisal of current and potential strategies to alleviate intestinal aging, as well as future targets to rejuvenate the aged intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwen Wang
- 1Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China.,2Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yadong Qi
- 1Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China.,2Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Weiyi Shen
- 1Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China.,2Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jilei Xu
- 1Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China.,2Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lan Wang
- 1Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China.,2Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shujie Chen
- 1Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China.,2Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Tongyao Hou
- 1Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China.,2Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jianmin Si
- 1Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China.,2Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
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339
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Han H, Safe S, Jayaraman A, Chapkin RS. Diet-Host-Microbiota Interactions Shape Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Ligand Production to Modulate Intestinal Homeostasis. Annu Rev Nutr 2021; 41:455-478. [PMID: 34633858 PMCID: PMC8667662 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-043020-090050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated basic-helix-loop-helix transcription factor that binds structurally diverse ligands and senses cues from environmental toxicants and physiologically relevant dietary/microbiota-derived ligands. The AhR is an ancient conserved protein and is widely expressed across different tissues in vertebrates and invertebrates. AhR signaling mediates a wide range of cellular functions in a ligand-, cell type-, species-, and context-specific manner. Dysregulation of AhR signaling is linked to many developmental defects and chronic diseases. In this review, we discuss the emerging role of AhR signaling in mediating bidirectional host-microbiome interactions. We also consider evidence showing the potential for the dietary/microbial enhancement ofhealth-promoting AhR ligands to improve clinical pathway management in the context of inflammatory bowel diseases and colon tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajun Han
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases and Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Stephen Safe
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Arul Jayaraman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Robert S Chapkin
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases and Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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340
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Chen Z, Shen X, Zhou Q, Zhan Q, Xu X, Chen Q, An F, Sun J. Dietary xylo-oligosaccharide ameliorates colonic mucus microbiota penetration with restored autophagy in interleukin-10 gene-deficient mice. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2021; 46:1130-1140. [PMID: 34618377 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.2274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is, nowadays, highly prevalent and presents a global clinical challenge. The objective of this study is to assess the effects of xylo-oligosaccharide (XOS) on Il10-/- mice, a classic animal model of IBD. METHODS Male wild-type (WT) mice were assigned to WT group, and Il10-/- mice were assigned to interleukin-10 gene-deficient (IL-10-KO) group and XOS group, respectively. There were 6-8 mice aged 8 weeks in each group. Mice in the XOS group received 1.0 g/kg/day XOS by gavage for 4 weeks. RESULTS Compared with mice in IL-10-KO group, Il10-/- mice with XOS intervention presented significant mild spontaneous colitis with lower disease activity index, histological scores, and bowel inflammatory cytokine levels. Dietary XOS downregulated bowel mucus bacterial penetration, which occurred as early as the onset of bowel colitis. The effect of XOS was associated with restored expression of LC3II/I and decreased expression of p62 and beclin-1 in colon. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, XOS decreases colonic mucus microbiota penetration with restored function of antophagy. Our findings suggest that XOS may be a potential dietary supplement or functional food for early management of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxia Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiao Shen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qunyan Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qiang Zhan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xingwen Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qiuyu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fangmei An
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
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341
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Li M, Wei Y, Cai M, Gu R, Pan X, Du J. Perilla peptides delay the progression of kidney disease by improving kidney apoptotic injury and oxidative stress and maintaining intestinal barrier function. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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342
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Zhang L, Ma H, Kulyar MFEA, Pan H, Li K, Li A, Mo Q, Wang Y, Dong H, Bao Y, Li J. Complete genome analysis of Lactobacillus fermentum YLF016 and its probiotic characteristics. Microb Pathog 2021; 162:105212. [PMID: 34597776 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lactobacillus fermentum (L. fermentum) YLF016 is a well-characterized probiotic with several favorable characteristics. This study aimed to analyze the probiotic characteristics of L. fermentum and uncover the genes implicated in its potential probiotic ability on the base of its genomics features. The complete genome of L. fermentum YLF016 was found to have a circular chromosome of 2,094,354 bp, and 51.46% G + C content without any plasmid. Its chromosome contained 2,130 predicted protein-encoding genes, 58 tRNA, and 15 rRNA-encoding genes. Also, it was found to have many other probiotic properties, such as a high survival rate in the gastrointestinal tract with strong adherence to intestinal cells, antibacterial activity against pathogens, and antioxidant activity. Moreover, the genome sequence analysis demonstrated specific genes coding for carbon metabolism pathway, genetic adaption, stress resistance, and adhesive ability. Further analysis revealed its non-hemolytic activity and its non-functional ability of virulence factors. In conclusion, L. fermentum YLF016 possesses many valuable probiotic properties that refer to its potential probiotic ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongcai Ma
- Tibet Livestock Research Institute, Tibet Academy of Agriculture And Animal Science, Lhasa 850009, Tibet, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Huachun Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Kewei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Aoyun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Mo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaping Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailong Dong
- Laboratory of Detection and Monitoring of Highland Animal Disease, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, 860000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhua Bao
- Tibet Biological Pharmaceutical Factory, Lhasa 850009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiakui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Detection and Monitoring of Highland Animal Disease, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, 860000, People's Republic of China.
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343
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Montenegro-Burke JR, Kok BP, Guijas C, Domingo-Almenara X, Moon C, Galmozzi A, Kitamura S, Eckmann L, Saez E, Siuzdak GE, Wolan DW. Metabolomics activity screening of T cell-induced colitis reveals anti-inflammatory metabolites. Sci Signal 2021; 14:eabf6584. [PMID: 34582249 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abf6584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rafael Montenegro-Burke
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry, Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Bernard P Kok
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry, Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Carlos Guijas
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry, Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Xavier Domingo-Almenara
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry, Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Clara Moon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Andrea Galmozzi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Seiya Kitamura
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Lars Eckmann
- Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla CA 92093, USA
| | - Enrique Saez
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Gary E Siuzdak
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry, Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, California 92037, USA.,Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Dennis W Wolan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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344
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Peron G, Gargari G, Meroño T, Miñarro A, Lozano EV, Escuder PC, González-Domínguez R, Hidalgo-Liberona N, Del Bo' C, Bernardi S, Kroon PA, Carrieri B, Cherubini A, Riso P, Guglielmetti S, Andrés-Lacueva C. Crosstalk among intestinal barrier, gut microbiota and serum metabolome after a polyphenol-rich diet in older subjects with "leaky gut": The MaPLE trial. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:5288-5297. [PMID: 34534897 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND &AIM The MaPLE study was a randomized, controlled, crossover trial involving adults ≥60 y.o. (n = 51) living in a residential care facility during an 8-week polyphenol-rich (PR)-diet. Results from the MaPLE trial showed that the PR-diet reduced the intestinal permeability (IP) in older adults by inducing changes to gut microbiota (GM). The present work aimed at studying the changes in serum metabolome in the MaPLE trial, as a further necessary step to depict the complex crosstalk between dietary polyphenols, GM, and intestinal barrier. METHODS Serum metabolome was monitored using a semi-targeted UHPLC-MS/MS analysis. Metataxonomic analysis (16S rRNA gene profiling) of GM was performed on faecal samples. Clinical characteristics and serum levels of the IP marker zonulin were linked to GM and metabolomics data in a multi-omics network. RESULTS Compared to the control diet, the PR-diet increased serum metabolites related to polyphenols and methylxanthine intake. Theobromine and methylxanthines, derived from cocoa and/or green tea, were positively correlated with butyrate-producing bacteria (the order Clostridiales and the genera Roseburia, Butyricicoccus and Faecalibacterium) and inversely with zonulin. A direct correlation between polyphenol metabolites hydroxyphenylpropionic acid-sulfate, 2-methylpyrogallol-sulfate and catechol-sulfate with Butyricicoccus was also observed, while hydroxyphenylpropionic acid-sulfate and 2-methylpyrogallol-sulfate negatively correlated with Methanobrevibacter. The multi-omics network indicated that participant's age, baseline zonulin levels, and changes in Porphyromonadaceae abundance were the main factors driving the effects of a PR-diet on zonulin. CONCLUSION Overall, these results reveal the complex relationships among polyphenols consumption, intestinal permeability, and GM composition in older adults, and they may be important when setting personalized dietary interventions for older adults. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN10214981.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregorio Peron
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Food Innovation Network (XIA), Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Giorgio Gargari
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Tomás Meroño
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Food Innovation Network (XIA), Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.
| | - Antonio Miñarro
- Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics Department, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esteban Vegas Lozano
- Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics Department, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pol Castellano Escuder
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Food Innovation Network (XIA), Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics Department, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raúl González-Domínguez
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Food Innovation Network (XIA), Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Nicole Hidalgo-Liberona
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Food Innovation Network (XIA), Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Cristian Del Bo'
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Bernardi
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Paul Antony Kroon
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Carrieri
- Geriatria, Accettazione Geriatrica e Centro di Ricerca per L'Invecchiamento, IRCCS INRCA, 60127, Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonio Cherubini
- Geriatria, Accettazione Geriatrica e Centro di Ricerca per L'Invecchiamento, IRCCS INRCA, 60127, Ancona, Italy
| | - Patrizia Riso
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Guglielmetti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Cristina Andrés-Lacueva
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Food Innovation Network (XIA), Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
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Abstract
Antifibrotic therapies for the treatment of liver fibrosis represent an unconquered area of drug development. The significant involvement of the gut microbiota as a driving force in a multitude of liver disease, be it pathogenesis or fibrotic progression, suggest that targeting the gut–liver axis, relevant signaling pathways, and/or manipulation of the gut’s commensal microbial composition and its metabolites may offer opportunities for biomarker discovery, novel therapies and personalized medicine development. Here, we review potential links between bacterial translocation and deficits of host-microbiome compartmentalization and liver fibrosis that occur in settings of advanced chronic liver disease. We discuss established and emerging therapeutic strategies, translated from our current knowledge of the gut–liver axis, targeted at restoring intestinal eubiosis, ameliorating hepatic fibrosis and rising portal hypertension that characterize and define the course of decompensated cirrhosis.
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Liu X, Cheng Y, Zang D, Zhang M, Li X, Liu D, Gao B, Zhou H, Sun J, Han X, Lin M, Chen J. The Role of Gut Microbiota in Lung Cancer: From Carcinogenesis to Immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:720842. [PMID: 34490119 PMCID: PMC8417127 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.720842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of microbiota on host health and disease has attracted adequate attention, and gut microbiota components and microbiota-derived metabolites affect host immune homeostasis locally and systematically. Some studies have found that gut dysbiosis, disturbance of the structure and function of the gut microbiome, disrupts pulmonary immune homeostasis, thus leading to increased disease susceptibility; the gut-lung axis is the primary cross-talk for this communication. Gut dysbiosis is involved in carcinogenesis and the progression of lung cancer through genotoxicity, systemic inflammation, and defective immunosurveillance. In addition, the gut microbiome harbors the potential to be a novel biomarker for predicting sensitivity and adverse reactions to immunotherapy in patients with lung cancer. Probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) can enhance the efficacy and depress the toxicity of immune checkpoint inhibitors by regulating the gut microbiota. Although current studies have found that gut microbiota closely participates in the development and immunotherapy of lung cancer, the mechanisms require further investigation. Therefore, this review aims to discuss the underlying mechanisms of gut microbiota influencing carcinogenesis and immunotherapy in lung cancer and to provide new strategies for governing gut microbiota to enhance the prevention and treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjun Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ye Cheng
- Department of Oncology, The Third Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Dan Zang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiuhua Li
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Bing Gao
- Department of Oncology, The Third Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Huan Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jinzhe Sun
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Meixi Lin
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Tudela H, Claus SP, Saleh M. Next Generation Microbiome Research: Identification of Keystone Species in the Metabolic Regulation of Host-Gut Microbiota Interplay. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:719072. [PMID: 34540837 PMCID: PMC8440917 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.719072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The community of the diverse microorganisms residing in the gastrointestinal tract, known as the gut microbiota, is exceedingly being studied for its impact on health and disease. This community plays a major role in nutrient metabolism, maintenance of the intestinal epithelial barrier but also in local and systemic immunomodulation. A dysbiosis of the gut microbiota, characterized by an unbalanced microbial ecology, often leads to a loss of essential functions that may be associated with proinflammatory conditions. Specifically, some key microbes that are depleted in dysbiotic ecosystems, called keystone species, carry unique functions that are essential for the balance of the microbiota. In this review, we discuss current understanding of reported keystone species and their proposed functions in health. We also elaborate on current and future bioinformatics tools needed to identify missing functions in the gut carried by keystone species. We propose that the identification of such keystone species functions is a major step for the understanding of microbiome dynamics in disease and toward the development of microbiome-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héloïse Tudela
- YSOPIA Bioscience, Bordeaux, France
- ImmunoConcEpT, CNRS UMR 5164, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Maya Saleh
- ImmunoConcEpT, CNRS UMR 5164, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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348
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Cao J, Lu M, Yan W, Li L, Ma H. Dehydroepiandrosterone alleviates intestinal inflammatory damage via GPR30-mediated Nrf2 activation and NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition in colitis mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 172:386-402. [PMID: 34182071 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a popular dietary supplement that has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and immune-regulating role; meanwhile, it also can effective in the protection of inflammation diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we demonstrated that DHEA inhibits excessive inflammation response and enhances gut barrier function via activating the G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30). GPR30-induced the ERK phosphorylation and p62 accumulation led to the activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway, which subsequently inhibited the reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction and finally alleviated the intestinal barrier dysfunction. Furthermore, DHEA blocked the p38-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in both LPS-stimulated colon epithelial cells and macrophages. In addition, in vivo results showed that DHEA and GPR30 agonist G1 attenuated inflammatory responses and gut barrier dysfunction in colitis mice, while the GPR30 specific inhibitor G15 abrogated these beneficial effects of DHEA. Cumulatively, our study unveiled that DHEA is an effective anti-inflammatory agent and suggested that GPR30 could as a potential target for the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Miaomiao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Weiyuan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Longlong Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Haitian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
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349
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Mo Y, Jie X, Wang L, Ji C, Gu Y, Lu Z, Liu X. Bupi Yishen formula attenuates kidney injury in 5/6 nephrectomized rats via the tryptophan-kynurenic acid-aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:207. [PMID: 34376166 PMCID: PMC8353787 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03376-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bupi Yishen Formula (BYF), a patent traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulation, has been used in the clinical treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the mechanism of action of BYF has not been fully elucidated. METHOD To investigate the variation in the metabolic profile in response to BYF treatment in a rat model of 5/6 nephrectomy (Nx), rats in the treatment groups received low- or high-dose BYF. At the end of the study, serum and kidney samples were collected for biochemical, pathological, and western blotting analysis. Metabolic changes in serum were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS The results showed that BYF treatment could reduce kidney injury, inhibit inflammation and improve renal function in a dose-dependent manner. In total, 405 and 195 metabolites were identified in negative and positive ion modes, respectively. Metabolic pathway enrichment analysis of differential metabolites based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database identified 35 metabolic pathways, 3 of which were related to tryptophan metabolism. High-dose BYF reduced the level of kynurenic acid (KA) by more than 50%, while increasing melatonin 25-fold and indole-3-acetic acid twofold. Expression levels of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), Cyp1A1, and CyP1B1 were significantly reduced in the kidney tissue of rats with high-dose BYF, compared to 5/6 Nx rats. CONCLUSION BYF has a reno-protective effect against 5/6 Nx-induced CKD, which may be mediated via inhibition of the tryptophan-KA-AhR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yenan Mo
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 520120, China
| | - Xina Jie
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 520120, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- Nephrology Department, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 520120, China
| | - Chunlan Ji
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 520120, China
| | - Yueyu Gu
- Nephrology Department, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 520120, China
| | - Zhaoyu Lu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 520120, China. .,Nephrology Department, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 520120, China.
| | - Xusheng Liu
- Nephrology Department, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 520120, China.
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350
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Pernomian L, Duarte-Silva M, de Barros Cardoso CR. The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AHR) as a Potential Target for the Control of Intestinal Inflammation: Insights from an Immune and Bacteria Sensor Receptor. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2021; 59:382-390. [PMID: 32279195 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-020-08789-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is widely expressed in immune and non-immune cells of the gut and its activation has been correlated to the outcome of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). In ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, there is an excessive chronic inflammation with massive accumulation of leukocytes in the gut, in an attempt to constrain the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms on the damaged organ. Accordingly, it is known that dietary components, xenobiotics, and some chemicals or metabolites can activate AHR and induce the modulation of inflammatory responses. In fact, the AHR triggering by specific ligands during inflammatory conditions results in decreased IFNγ, IL-6, IL-12, TNF, IL-7, and IL-17, along with reduced microbial translocation and fibrosis in the gut. Moreover, upon AHR activation, there are increased regulatory mechanisms such as IL-10, IL-22, prostaglandin E2, and Foxp3, besides the production of anti-microbial peptides and epithelial repair. Most interestingly, commensal bacteria or their metabolites may also activate this receptor, thus contributing to the restoration of gut normobiosis and homeostasis. In line with that, Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, or microbial products such as tryptophan metabolites, indole-3-pyruvic acid, urolithin A, short-chain fatty acids, dihydroxyquinoline, and others may regulate the inflammation by mechanisms dependent on AHR activation. Hence, here we discussed the potential modulatory role of AHR on intestinal inflammation, focused on the reestablishment of homeostasis through the receptor triggering by microbial metabolites. Finally, the development of AHR-based therapies derived from bacteria products could represent an important future alternative for controlling IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Pernomian
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Murillo Duarte-Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Cristina Ribeiro de Barros Cardoso
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
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