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Lamontagne SJ, Gilbert JR, Zabala PK, Waldman LR, Zarate CA, Ballard ED. Clinical, behavioral, and electrophysiological profiles along a continuum of suicide risk: evidence from an implicit association task. Psychol Med 2024; 54:1431-1440. [PMID: 37997749 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723003331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An urgent need exists to identify neural correlates associated with differing levels of suicide risk and develop novel, rapid-acting therapeutics to modulate activity within these neural networks. METHODS Electrophysiological correlates of suicide were evaluated using magnetoencephalography (MEG) in 75 adults with differing levels of suicide risk. During MEG scanning, participants completed a modified Life-Death Implicit Association Task. MEG data were source-localized in the gamma (30-58 Hz) frequency, a proxy measure of excitation-inhibition balance. Dynamic causal modeling was used to evaluate differences in connectivity estimates between risk groups. A proof-of-concept, open-label, pilot study of five high risk participants examined changes in gamma power after administration of ketamine (0.5 mg/kg), an NMDAR antagonist with rapid anti-suicide ideation effects. RESULTS Implicit self-associations with death were stronger in the highest suicide risk group relative to all other groups, which did not differ from each other. Higher gamma power for self-death compared to self-life associations was found in the orbitofrontal cortex for the highest risk group and the insula and posterior cingulate cortex for the lowest risk group. Connectivity estimates between these regions differentiated the highest risk group from the full sample. Implicit associations with death were not affected by ketamine, but enhanced gamma power was found for self-death associations in the left insula post-ketamine compared to baseline. CONCLUSIONS Differential implicit cognitive processing of life and death appears to be linked to suicide risk, highlighting the need for objective measures of suicidal states. Pharmacotherapies that modulate gamma activity, particularly in the insula, may help mitigate risk.Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT02543983, NCT00397111.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Lamontagne
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jessica R Gilbert
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paloma K Zabala
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Laura R Waldman
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carlos A Zarate
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth D Ballard
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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2
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Vike NL, Bari S, Stefanopoulos L, Lalvani S, Kim BW, Maglaveras N, Block M, Breiter HC, Katsaggelos AK. Predicting COVID-19 Vaccination Uptake Using a Small and Interpretable Set of Judgment and Demographic Variables: Cross-Sectional Cognitive Science Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024; 10:e47979. [PMID: 38315620 PMCID: PMC10953811 DOI: 10.2196/47979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite COVID-19 vaccine mandates, many chose to forgo vaccination, raising questions about the psychology underlying how judgment affects these choices. Research shows that reward and aversion judgments are important for vaccination choice; however, no studies have integrated such cognitive science with machine learning to predict COVID-19 vaccine uptake. OBJECTIVE This study aims to determine the predictive power of a small but interpretable set of judgment variables using 3 machine learning algorithms to predict COVID-19 vaccine uptake and interpret what profile of judgment variables was important for prediction. METHODS We surveyed 3476 adults across the United States in December 2021. Participants answered demographic, COVID-19 vaccine uptake (ie, whether participants were fully vaccinated), and COVID-19 precaution questions. Participants also completed a picture-rating task using images from the International Affective Picture System. Images were rated on a Likert-type scale to calibrate the degree of liking and disliking. Ratings were computationally modeled using relative preference theory to produce a set of graphs for each participant (minimum R2>0.8). In total, 15 judgment features were extracted from these graphs, 2 being analogous to risk and loss aversion from behavioral economics. These judgment variables, along with demographics, were compared between those who were fully vaccinated and those who were not. In total, 3 machine learning approaches (random forest, balanced random forest [BRF], and logistic regression) were used to test how well judgment, demographic, and COVID-19 precaution variables predicted vaccine uptake. Mediation and moderation were implemented to assess statistical mechanisms underlying successful prediction. RESULTS Age, income, marital status, employment status, ethnicity, educational level, and sex differed by vaccine uptake (Wilcoxon rank sum and chi-square P<.001). Most judgment variables also differed by vaccine uptake (Wilcoxon rank sum P<.05). A similar area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was achieved by the 3 machine learning frameworks, although random forest and logistic regression produced specificities between 30% and 38% (vs 74.2% for BRF), indicating a lower performance in predicting unvaccinated participants. BRF achieved high precision (87.8%) and AUROC (79%) with moderate to high accuracy (70.8%) and balanced recall (69.6%) and specificity (74.2%). It should be noted that, for BRF, the negative predictive value was <50% despite good specificity. For BRF and random forest, 63% to 75% of the feature importance came from the 15 judgment variables. Furthermore, age, income, and educational level mediated relationships between judgment variables and vaccine uptake. CONCLUSIONS The findings demonstrate the underlying importance of judgment variables for vaccine choice and uptake, suggesting that vaccine education and messaging might target varying judgment profiles to improve uptake. These methods could also be used to aid vaccine rollouts and health care preparedness by providing location-specific details (eg, identifying areas that may experience low vaccination and high hospitalization).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Vike
- Department of Computer Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Sumra Bari
- Department of Computer Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Leandros Stefanopoulos
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Shamal Lalvani
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Byoung Woo Kim
- Department of Computer Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Nicos Maglaveras
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Martin Block
- Integrated Marketing Communications, Medill School, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Hans C Breiter
- Department of Computer Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Aggelos K Katsaggelos
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- Department of Computer Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
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Vike NL, Bari S, Kim BW, Katsaggelos AK, Blood AJ, Breiter HC. Characterizing major depressive disorder and substance use disorder using heatmaps and variable interactions: The utility of operant behavior and brain structure relationships. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299528. [PMID: 38466739 PMCID: PMC10927130 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rates of depression and addiction have risen drastically over the past decade, but the lack of integrative techniques remains a barrier to accurate diagnoses of these mental illnesses. Changes in reward/aversion behavior and corresponding brain structures have been identified in those with major depressive disorder (MDD) and cocaine-dependence polysubstance abuse disorder (CD). Assessment of statistical interactions between computational behavior and brain structure may quantitatively segregate MDD and CD. METHODS Here, 111 participants [40 controls (CTRL), 25 MDD, 46 CD] underwent structural brain MRI and completed an operant keypress task to produce computational judgment metrics. Three analyses were performed: (1) linear regression to evaluate groupwise (CTRL v. MDD v. CD) differences in structure-behavior associations, (2) qualitative and quantitative heatmap assessment of structure-behavior association patterns, and (3) the k-nearest neighbor machine learning approach using brain structure and keypress variable inputs to discriminate groups. RESULTS This study yielded three primary findings. First, CTRL, MDD, and CD participants had distinct structure-behavior linear relationships, with only 7.8% of associations overlapping between any two groups. Second, the three groups had statistically distinct slopes and qualitatively distinct association patterns. Third, a machine learning approach could discriminate between CTRL and CD, but not MDD participants. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that variable interactions between computational behavior and brain structure, and the patterns of these interactions, segregate MDD and CD. This work raises the hypothesis that analysis of interactions between operant tasks and structural neuroimaging might aide in the objective classification of MDD, CD and other mental health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L. Vike
- Department of Computer Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Sumra Bari
- Department of Computer Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Byoung Woo Kim
- Department of Computer Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Aggelos K. Katsaggelos
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Computer Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Anne J. Blood
- Department of Psychiatry, Mood and Motor Control Laboratory (MAML), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hans C. Breiter
- Department of Computer Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Mood and Motor Control Laboratory (MAML), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
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Bari S, Vike NL, Stetsiv K, Woodward S, Lalvani S, Stefanopoulos L, Kim BW, Maglaveras N, Breiter HC, Katsaggelos AK. The Prevalence of Psychotic Symptoms, Violent Ideation, and Disruptive Behavior in a Population With SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Preliminary Study. JMIR Form Res 2022; 6:e36444. [PMID: 35763758 PMCID: PMC9384857 DOI: 10.2196/36444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 disease results from infection by the SARS-CoV-2 virus to produce a range of mild to severe physical, neurological, and mental health symptoms. The COVID-19 pandemic has indirectly caused significant emotional distress, triggering the emergence of mental health symptoms in individuals who were not previously affected or exacerbating symptoms in those with existing mental health conditions. Emotional distress and certain mental health conditions can lead to violent ideation and disruptive behavior, including aggression, threatening acts, deliberate harm toward other people or animals, and inattention to or noncompliance with education or workplace rules. Of the many mental health conditions that can be associated with violent ideation and disruptive behavior, psychosis can evidence greater vulnerability to unpredictable changes and being at a greater risk for them. Individuals with psychosis can also be more susceptible to contracting COVID-19 disease. Objective This study aimed to investigate whether violent ideation, disruptive behavior, or psychotic symptoms were more prevalent in a population with COVID-19 and did not precede the pandemic. Methods In this preliminary study, we analyzed questionnaire responses from a population sample (N=366), received between the end of February 2021 and the start of March 2021 (1 year into the COVID-19 pandemic), regarding COVID-19 illness, violent ideation, disruptive behavior, and psychotic symptoms. Using the Wilcoxon rank sum test followed by multiple comparisons correction, we compared the self-reported frequency of these variables for 3 time windows related to the past 1 month, past 1 month to 1 year, and >1 year ago among the distributions of people who answered whether they tested positive or were diagnosed with COVID-19 by a clinician. We also used multivariable logistic regression with iterative resampling to investigate the relationship between these variables occurring >1 year ago (ie, before the pandemic) and the likelihood of contracting COVID-19. Results We observed a significantly higher frequency of self-reported violent ideation, disruptive behavior, and psychotic symptoms, for all 3 time windows of people who tested positive or were diagnosed with COVID-19 by a clinician. Using multivariable logistic regression, we observed 72% to 94% model accuracy for an increased incidence of COVID-19 in participants who reported violent ideation, disruptive behavior, or psychotic symptoms >1 year ago. Conclusions This preliminary study found that people who reported a test or clinician diagnosis of COVID-19 also reported higher frequencies of violent ideation, disruptive behavior, or psychotic symptoms across multiple time windows, indicating that they were not likely to be the result of COVID-19. In parallel, participants who reported these behaviors >1 year ago (ie, before the pandemic) were more likely to be diagnosed with COVID-19, suggesting that violent ideation, disruptive behavior, in addition to psychotic symptoms, were associated with COVID-19 with an approximately 70% to 90% likelihood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumra Bari
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Nicole L Vike
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Khrystyna Stetsiv
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sean Woodward
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Shamal Lalvani
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Leandros Stefanopoulos
- Laboratory of Medical Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Byoung Woo Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Nicos Maglaveras
- Laboratory of Medical Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Hans C Breiter
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Division of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Aggelos K Katsaggelos
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
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Zhang S, Zhang G, Li J, Gu H. How Does the Change of Information Source Affect Residents' Risk Attitudes? Front Psychol 2022; 13:918427. [PMID: 35783791 PMCID: PMC9247995 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.918427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Using data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), this paper investigates the effects of Internet use on residents' risk attitudes. Both Generalized Ordered Logit Model and Logit model are used to identify the effects of Internet use. The results reveal an association between Internet use and increases in both subjective and objective risk preferences that remains even after we adjust for possible endogeneity. The heterogeneity analysis also reveals that these impacts are different among groups with different reasons for Internet use and different personal characteristics. Our study expands the research on the effects of Internet on people's concepts from the micro perspective and suggests that while promoting the application of information technology we should also pay attention to the individual characteristics of residents so that we can better share the "digital dividend" brought by the popularization of information technology in the whole society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihu Zhang
- Business School, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Politics and Public Administration, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guangcai Zhang
- Institute of Applied Economics, Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinpei Li
- School of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Haiying Gu
- Antai College of Economics and Management, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Waugh JL, Hassan A, Kuster JK, Levenstein JM, Warfield SK, Makris N, Brüggemann N, Sharma N, Breiter HC, Blood AJ. An MRI method for parcellating the human striatum into matrix and striosome compartments in vivo. Neuroimage 2021; 246:118714. [PMID: 34800665 PMCID: PMC9142299 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian striatum is comprised of intermingled tissue compartments, matrix and striosome. Though indistinguishable by routine histological techniques, matrix and striosome have distinct embryologic origins, afferent/efferent connections, surface protein expression, intra-striatal location, susceptibilities to injury, and functional roles in a range of animal behaviors. Distinguishing the compartments previously required post-mortem tissue and/or genetic manipulation; we aimed to identify matrix/striosome non-invasively in living humans. We used diffusion MRI (probabilistic tractography) to identify human striatal voxels with connectivity biased towards matrix-favoring or striosome-favoring regions (determined by prior animal tract-tracing studies). Segmented striatal compartments replicated the topological segregation and somatotopic organization identified in animal matrix/striosome studies. Of brain regions mapped in prior studies, our human brain data confirmed 93% of the compartment-selective structural connectivity demonstrated in animals. Test-retest assessment on repeat scans found a voxel classification error rate of 0.14%. Fractional anisotropy was significantly higher in matrix-like voxels, while mean diffusivity did not differ between the compartments. As mapped by the Talairach human brain atlas, 460 regions were significantly biased towards either matrix or striosome. Our method allows the study of striatal compartments in human health and disease, in vivo, for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Waugh
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, United States; Division of Child Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, United States; Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Mood and Motor Control Laboratory, Boston, MA, United States; Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, United States; Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States.
| | - Aao Hassan
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - J K Kuster
- Mood and Motor Control Laboratory, Boston, MA, United States; Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, United States; Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, United States; Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology Section, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - J M Levenstein
- Mood and Motor Control Laboratory, Boston, MA, United States; Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, United States; Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CN, United States; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
| | - S K Warfield
- Department of Radiology, United States; Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - N Makris
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Center for Morphometric Analysis, United States; Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, United States; Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Charlestown, MA, United States.
| | - N Brüggemann
- Department of Neurology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
| | - N Sharma
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States.
| | - H C Breiter
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, United States; Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States.
| | - A J Blood
- Mood and Motor Control Laboratory, Boston, MA, United States; Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, United States; Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, United States; Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Charlestown, MA, United States.
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Chen Y, Herrold AA, Gallagher V, Martinovich Z, Bari S, Vike NL, Vesci B, Mjaanes J, McCloskey LR, Reilly JL, Breiter HC. Preliminary Report: Localized Cerebral Blood Flow Mediates the Relationship between Progesterone and Perceived Stress Symptoms among Female Collegiate Club Athletes after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2021; 38:1809-1820. [PMID: 33470158 PMCID: PMC8336258 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2020.7217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Female athletes are under-studied in the field of concussion research, despite evidence of higher injury prevalence and longer recovery time. Hormonal fluctuations caused by the natural menstrual cycle (MC) or hormonal contraceptive (HC) use impact both post-injury symptoms and neuroimaging findings, but the relationships among hormone, symptoms, and brain-based measures have not been jointly considered in concussion studies. In this preliminary study, we compared cerebral blood flow (CBF) measured with arterial spin labeling between concussed female club athletes 3-10 days after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and demographic, HC/MC matched controls (CON). We tested whether CBF statistically mediates the relationship between progesterone serum levels and post-injury symptoms, which may support a hypothesis for progesterone's role in neuroprotection. We found a significant three-way relationship among progesterone, CBF, and perceived stress score (PSS) in the left middle temporal gyrus for the mTBI group. Higher progesterone was associated with lower (more normative) PSS, as well as higher (more normative) CBF. CBF mediates 100% of the relationship between progesterone and PSS (Sobel p value = 0.017). These findings support a hypothesis for progesterone having a neuroprotective role after concussion and highlight the importance of controlling for the effects of sex hormones in future concussion studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufen Chen
- Center for Translational Imaging, Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Virginia Gallagher
- Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Zoran Martinovich
- Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sumra Bari
- Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nicole L. Vike
- Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Brian Vesci
- Northwestern Health Services Sports Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Jeffrey Mjaanes
- Northwestern Health Services Sports Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Leanne R. McCloskey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - James L. Reilly
- Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hans C. Breiter
- Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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8
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Chen Y, Herrold AA, Walter AE, Reilly JL, Seidenberg PH, Nauman EA, Talavage T, Vandenbergh DJ, Slobounov SM, Breiter HC. Brain Perfusion Bridges Virtual-Reality Spatial Behavior to TPH2 Genotype for Head Acceleration Events. J Neurotrauma 2021; 38:1368-1376. [PMID: 33413020 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2020.7016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroimaging demonstrates that athletes of collision sports can suffer significant changes to their brain in the absence of concussion, attributable to head acceleration event (HAE) exposure. In a sample of 24 male Division I collegiate football players, we examine the relationships between tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2), a gene involved in neurovascular function, regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) measured by arterial spin labeling, and virtual reality (VR) motor performance, both pre-season and across a single football season. For the pre-season, TPH2 T-carriers showed lower rCBF in two left hemisphere foci (fusiform gyrus/thalamus/hippocampus and cerebellum) in association with higher (better performance) VR Reaction Time, a dynamic measure of sensory-motor reactivity and efficiency of visual-spatial processing. For TPH2 CC homozygotes, higher pre-season rCBF in these foci was associated with better performance on VR Reaction Time. A similar relationship was observed across the season, where TPH2 T-carriers showed improved VR Reaction Time associated with decreases in rCBF in the right hippocampus/amygdala, left middle temporal lobe, and left insula/putamen/pallidum. In contrast, TPH2 CC homozygotes showed improved VR Reaction Time associated with increases in rCBF in the same three clusters. These findings show that TPH2 T-carriers have an abnormal relationship between rCBF and the efficiency of visual-spatial processing that is exacerbated after a season of high-impact sports in the absence of diagnosable concussion. Such gene-environment interactions associated with behavioral changes after exposure to repetitive HAEs have been unrecognized with current clinical analytical tools and warrant further investigation. Our results demonstrate the importance of considering neurovascular factors along with traumatic axonal injury to study long-term effects of repetitive HAEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufen Chen
- Center for Translational Imaging, Department of Radiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Amy A Herrold
- Edward Hines Jr., VA Hospital, Research Service, Hines, Illinois, USA.,Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alexa E Walter
- Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James L Reilly
- Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Peter H Seidenberg
- Departments of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation and Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Eric A Nauman
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.,Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Thomas Talavage
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.,Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - David J Vandenbergh
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.,Penn State Neuroscience Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.,Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Biosciences Program, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Semyon M Slobounov
- Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hans C Breiter
- Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Benasi G, Fava GA, Rafanelli C. Kellner's Symptom Questionnaire, a Highly Sensitive Patient-Reported Outcome Measure: Systematic Review of Clinimetric Properties. PSYCHOTHERAPY AND PSYCHOSOMATICS 2021; 89:74-89. [PMID: 32050199 DOI: 10.1159/000506110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are of increasing importance in clinical medicine. However, their evaluation by classic psychometric methods carries considerable limitations. The clinimetric approach provides a viable framework for their assessment. OBJECTIVE The aim of this paper was to provide a systematic review of clinimetric properties of the Symptom Questionnaire (SQ), a simple, self-rated instrument for the assessment of psychological symptoms (depression, anxiety, hostility, and somatization) and well-being (contentment, relaxation, friendliness, and physical well-being). METHODS The PRISMA guidelines were used. Electronic databases were searched from inception up to March 2019. Only original research articles, published in English, reporting data about the clinimetric properties of the SQ, were included. RESULTS A total of 284 studies was selected. The SQ has been used in populations of adults, adolescents, and older individuals. The scale significantly discriminated between subgroups of subjects in both clinical and nonclinical settings, and differentiated medical and psychiatric patients from healthy controls. In longitudinal studies and in controlled pharmacological and psychotherapy trials, it was highly sensitive to symptoms and well-being changes and discriminated between the effects of psychotropic drugs and placebo. CONCLUSIONS The SQ is a highly sensitive clinimetric index. It may yield clinical information that similar scales would fail to provide and has a unique position among the PROs that are available. Its use in clinical trials is strongly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Benasi
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni A Fava
- Department of Psychiatry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Chiara Rafanelli
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy,
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10
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Abstract
The last 40 years of JAMA Psychiatry are reviewed as a celebration of its achievements. The focus of this article is on the evolution of big data as reflected in key journal articles. The review begins in 1984 with the introduction of the Epidemiology Catchment Area (ECA) study and Freedman's editorial "Psychiatric Epidemiology Counts." The ECA study (N = 17 000), for the first time in a survey, used clinical diagnosis in 5 urban communities, thus linking research and care to population rates of psychiatric diagnosis. The review then traces the subsequent evolution of big data to 5 overlapping phases, other population surveys in the US and globally, cohort studies, administrative claims, large genetic data sets, and electronic health records. Each of these topics are illustrated in articles in JAMA Psychiatry. The many caveats to these choices, the historical roots before 1984, as well as the controversy around the choice of topics and the term big data are acknowledged. The foundation for big data in psychiatry was built on the development of defined and reliable diagnosis, assessment tools that could be used in large samples, the computational evolution for handling large data sets, hypothesis generated by smaller studies of humans and animals with carefully crafted phenotypes, the welcoming of investigators from all over the world with calls for broader diversity, open access and the sharing of data, and introduction of electronic health records more recently. Future directions as well as the opportunities for the complementary roles of big and little data are described. JAMA Psychiatry will continue to be a rich resource of these publications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrna M Weissman
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York.,Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York.,Division of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York
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11
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Alia-Klein N, Gan G, Gilam G, Bezek J, Bruno A, Denson TF, Hendler T, Lowe L, Mariotti V, Muscatello MR, Palumbo S, Pellegrini S, Pietrini P, Rizzo A, Verona E. The feeling of anger: From brain networks to linguistic expressions. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 108:480-497. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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12
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Walter A, Herrold AA, Gallagher VT, Lee R, Scaramuzzo M, Bream T, Seidenberg PH, Vandenbergh D, O'Connor K, Talavage TM, Nauman EA, Slobounov SM, Breiter HC. KIAA0319 Genotype Predicts the Number of Past Concussions in a Division I Football Team: A Pilot Study. J Neurotrauma 2019; 36:1115-1124. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Walter
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
- Concussion Neuroimaging Consortium, Florida State University, Florida; Harvard University, Massachusetts; Michigan State University, Michigan; Northwestern University, Illinois; Ohio State University, Ohio; Purdue University, Indiana; The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania; University of Central Florida, Florida; University of Nebraska, Nebraska
| | - Amy A. Herrold
- Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Edward Hines Jr., VA Hospital, Hines, Illinois
- Concussion Neuroimaging Consortium, Florida State University, Florida; Harvard University, Massachusetts; Michigan State University, Michigan; Northwestern University, Illinois; Ohio State University, Ohio; Purdue University, Indiana; The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania; University of Central Florida, Florida; University of Nebraska, Nebraska
| | - Virginia T. Gallagher
- Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Concussion Neuroimaging Consortium, Florida State University, Florida; Harvard University, Massachusetts; Michigan State University, Michigan; Northwestern University, Illinois; Ohio State University, Ohio; Purdue University, Indiana; The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania; University of Central Florida, Florida; University of Nebraska, Nebraska
| | - Rosa Lee
- Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Concussion Neuroimaging Consortium, Florida State University, Florida; Harvard University, Massachusetts; Michigan State University, Michigan; Northwestern University, Illinois; Ohio State University, Ohio; Purdue University, Indiana; The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania; University of Central Florida, Florida; University of Nebraska, Nebraska
| | - Madeleine Scaramuzzo
- Athletic Department, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Tim Bream
- Athletic Department, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Peter H. Seidenberg
- Athletic Department, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - David Vandenbergh
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Molecular and Cellular Biosciences Program and Institute for the Neurosciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Kailyn O'Connor
- Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Thomas M. Talavage
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- Concussion Neuroimaging Consortium, Florida State University, Florida; Harvard University, Massachusetts; Michigan State University, Michigan; Northwestern University, Illinois; Ohio State University, Ohio; Purdue University, Indiana; The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania; University of Central Florida, Florida; University of Nebraska, Nebraska
| | - Eric A. Nauman
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- Concussion Neuroimaging Consortium, Florida State University, Florida; Harvard University, Massachusetts; Michigan State University, Michigan; Northwestern University, Illinois; Ohio State University, Ohio; Purdue University, Indiana; The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania; University of Central Florida, Florida; University of Nebraska, Nebraska
| | - Semyon M. Slobounov
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
- Concussion Neuroimaging Consortium, Florida State University, Florida; Harvard University, Massachusetts; Michigan State University, Michigan; Northwestern University, Illinois; Ohio State University, Ohio; Purdue University, Indiana; The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania; University of Central Florida, Florida; University of Nebraska, Nebraska
| | - Hans C. Breiter
- Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Concussion Neuroimaging Consortium, Florida State University, Florida; Harvard University, Massachusetts; Michigan State University, Michigan; Northwestern University, Illinois; Ohio State University, Ohio; Purdue University, Indiana; The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania; University of Central Florida, Florida; University of Nebraska, Nebraska
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13
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Gilman JM, Radoman M, Schuster RM, Pachas G, Azzouz N, Fava M, Evins AE. Anterior insula activation during inhibition to smoking cues is associated with ability to maintain tobacco abstinence. Addict Behav Rep 2018; 7:40-46. [PMID: 29450255 PMCID: PMC5805503 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Relapse to smoking after initial abstinence is a major clinical challenge with significant public health consequences. At the brain and behavioral level, those who relapse to tobacco smoking have both greater cue-reactivity and lower inhibitory control than those who remain abstinent. Little is known about neural activation during inhibitory control tasks in the presence of drug-related cues. In the current study, tobacco smokers (SMK; n = 22) and non-smoking controls (CON; n = 19) completed a Go/NoGo task involving smoking cues during a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan. Following the scan session, smokers were required to quit smoking, and maintenance of abstinence was evaluated as part of a 12-week smoking cessation trial. We evaluated pre-cessation brain activity during NoGo trials in smokers who were versus were not able to quit smoking. We then compared fMRI and inhibitory control measures between smokers and non-smokers. We did not find differences between SMK and CON in performance or activation to smoking or neutral cues. However, compared to SMK who relapsed, SMK who attained biochemically-validated abstinence at the end of the smoking cessation trial had greater neural activation in the anterior insula during NoGo trials specifically with smoking-related cues. Results indicate that within SMK, decreased inhibitory control activation during direct exposure to drug-related stimuli may be a marker of difficulty quitting and relapse vulnerability. Smokers and controls showed no differences in performance or activation to smoking or neutral cues. Abstinent smokers compared to relapsers had greater activation in the insula during NoGo trials with smoking-related cues. Within smokers, decreased NoGo activation during exposure to drug-related cues may be a marker of relapse vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi M Gilman
- Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center in Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, MGH, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Milena Radoman
- Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Randi M Schuster
- Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gladys Pachas
- Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nour Azzouz
- Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maurizio Fava
- Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Eden Evins
- Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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14
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Livengood SL, Sheppard JP, Kim BW, Malthouse EC, Bourne JE, Barlow AE, Lee MJ, Marin V, O'Connor KP, Csernansky JG, Block MP, Blood AJ, Breiter HC. Keypress-Based Musical Preference Is Both Individual and Lawful. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:136. [PMID: 28512395 PMCID: PMC5412065 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Musical preference is highly individualized and is an area of active study to develop methods for its quantification. Recently, preference-based behavior, associated with activity in brain reward circuitry, has been shown to follow lawful, quantifiable patterns, despite broad variation across individuals. These patterns, observed using a keypress paradigm with visual stimuli, form the basis for relative preference theory (RPT). Here, we sought to determine if such patterns extend to non-visual domains (i.e., audition) and dynamic stimuli, potentially providing a method to supplement psychometric, physiological, and neuroimaging approaches to preference quantification. For this study, we adapted our keypress paradigm to two sets of stimuli consisting of seventeenth to twenty-first century western art music (Classical) and twentieth to twenty-first century jazz and popular music (Popular). We studied a pilot sample and then a separate primary experimental sample with this paradigm, and used iterative mathematical modeling to determine if RPT relationships were observed with high R2 fits. We further assessed the extent of heterogeneity in the rank ordering of keypress-based responses across subjects. As expected, individual rank orderings of preferences were quite heterogeneous, yet we observed mathematical patterns fitting these data similar to those observed previously with visual stimuli. These patterns in music preference were recurrent across two cohorts and two stimulus sets, and scaled between individual and group data, adhering to the requirements for lawfulness. Our findings suggest a general neuroscience framework that predicts human approach/avoidance behavior, while also allowing for individual differences and the broad diversity of human choices; the resulting framework may offer novel approaches to advancing music neuroscience, or its applications to medicine and recommendation systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherri L Livengood
- Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicago, IL, USA.,Applied Neuromarketing Consortium, Medill, Kellogg, and Feinberg Schools, Northwestern UniversityEvanston, IL, USA
| | - John P Sheppard
- Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicago, IL, USA.,Applied Neuromarketing Consortium, Medill, Kellogg, and Feinberg Schools, Northwestern UniversityEvanston, IL, USA.,David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los AngelesLos Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Byoung W Kim
- Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicago, IL, USA.,Applied Neuromarketing Consortium, Medill, Kellogg, and Feinberg Schools, Northwestern UniversityEvanston, IL, USA.,Northwestern University and Massachusetts General Hospital Phenotype Genotype Project in Addiction and Mood DisordersBoston, MA, USA
| | - Edward C Malthouse
- Applied Neuromarketing Consortium, Medill, Kellogg, and Feinberg Schools, Northwestern UniversityEvanston, IL, USA.,Medill Integrated Marketing Communications, Northwestern UniversityEvanston, IL, USA
| | - Janet E Bourne
- Applied Neuromarketing Consortium, Medill, Kellogg, and Feinberg Schools, Northwestern UniversityEvanston, IL, USA.,Music Department, Bates CollegeLewiston, ME, USA
| | - Anne E Barlow
- Applied Neuromarketing Consortium, Medill, Kellogg, and Feinberg Schools, Northwestern UniversityEvanston, IL, USA.,KV 265, The Communication of Science through ArtWillow Springs, IL, USA
| | - Myung J Lee
- Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicago, IL, USA.,Applied Neuromarketing Consortium, Medill, Kellogg, and Feinberg Schools, Northwestern UniversityEvanston, IL, USA.,Northwestern University and Massachusetts General Hospital Phenotype Genotype Project in Addiction and Mood DisordersBoston, MA, USA
| | - Veronica Marin
- Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicago, IL, USA
| | - Kailyn P O'Connor
- Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicago, IL, USA
| | - John G Csernansky
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicago, IL, USA
| | - Martin P Block
- Applied Neuromarketing Consortium, Medill, Kellogg, and Feinberg Schools, Northwestern UniversityEvanston, IL, USA.,Medill Integrated Marketing Communications, Northwestern UniversityEvanston, IL, USA
| | - Anne J Blood
- Applied Neuromarketing Consortium, Medill, Kellogg, and Feinberg Schools, Northwestern UniversityEvanston, IL, USA.,Northwestern University and Massachusetts General Hospital Phenotype Genotype Project in Addiction and Mood DisordersBoston, MA, USA.,Mood and Motor Control Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General HospitalBoston, MA, USA.,Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General HospitalBoston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General HospitalBoston, MA, USA
| | - Hans C Breiter
- Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicago, IL, USA.,Applied Neuromarketing Consortium, Medill, Kellogg, and Feinberg Schools, Northwestern UniversityEvanston, IL, USA.,Northwestern University and Massachusetts General Hospital Phenotype Genotype Project in Addiction and Mood DisordersBoston, MA, USA.,Mood and Motor Control Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General HospitalBoston, MA, USA.,Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General HospitalBoston, MA, USA
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15
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Neural mechanisms of sensitivity to peer information in young adult cannabis users. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2017; 16:646-61. [PMID: 27068178 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-016-0421-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Though social influence is a critical factor in the initiation and maintenance of marijuana use, the neural correlates of influence in those who use marijuana are unknown. In this study, marijuana-using young adults (MJ; n = 20) and controls (CON; n = 23) performed a decision-making task in which they made a perceptual choice after viewing the choices of unknown peers via photographs, while they underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging scans. The MJ and CON groups did not show differences in the overall number of choices that agreed with versus opposed group influence, but only the MJ group showed reaction time slowing when deciding against group choices. Longer reaction times were associated with greater activation of frontal regions. The MJ goup, compared to CON, showed significantly greater activation in the caudate when presented with peer information. Across groups, caudate activation was associated with self-reported susceptibility to influence. These findings indicate that young adults who use MJ may exhibit increased effort when confronted with opposing peer influence, as well as exhibit greater responsivity of the caudate to social information. These results not only better define the neural basis of social decisions, but also suggest that marijuana use is associated with exaggerated neural activity during decision making that involves social information.
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16
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Viswanathan V, Sheppard JP, Kim BW, Plantz CL, Ying H, Lee MJ, Raman K, Mulhern FJ, Block MP, Calder B, Lee S, Mortensen DT, Blood AJ, Breiter HC. A Quantitative Relationship between Signal Detection in Attention and Approach/Avoidance Behavior. Front Psychol 2017; 8:122. [PMID: 28270776 PMCID: PMC5318395 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examines how the domains of reward and attention, which are often studied as independent processes, in fact interact at a systems level. We operationalize divided attention with a continuous performance task and variables from signal detection theory (SDT), and reward/aversion with a keypress task measuring approach/avoidance in the framework of relative preference theory (RPT). Independent experiments with the same subjects showed a significant association between one SDT and two RPT variables, visualized as a three-dimensional structure. Holding one of these three variables constant, further showed a significant relationship between a loss aversion-like metric from the approach/avoidance task, and the response bias observed during the divided attention task. These results indicate that a more liberal response bias under signal detection (i.e., a higher tolerance for noise, resulting in a greater proportion of false alarms) is associated with higher "loss aversion." Furthermore, our functional model suggests a mechanism for processing constraints with divided attention and reward/aversion. Together, our results argue for a systematic relationship between divided attention and reward/aversion processing in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Viswanathan
- Medill Integrated Marketing Communications, Northwestern UniversityEvanston, IL, USA; Applied Neuromarketing Consortium, Medill, Kellogg, and Feinberg Schools, Northwestern UniversityEvanston, IL, USA
| | - John P Sheppard
- Applied Neuromarketing Consortium, Medill, Kellogg, and Feinberg Schools, Northwestern UniversityEvanston, IL, USA; Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicago, IL, USA
| | - Byoung W Kim
- Applied Neuromarketing Consortium, Medill, Kellogg, and Feinberg Schools, Northwestern UniversityEvanston, IL, USA; Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicago, IL, USA; Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, and Mood and Motor Control Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA; MGH Center for Translational Research in Prescription Drug Abuse, Department of Anesthesia, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA; Northwestern University and Massachusetts General Hospital Phenotype Genotype Project in Addiction and Mood DisordersChicago, IL, USA
| | - Christopher L Plantz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Hao Ying
- Applied Neuromarketing Consortium, Medill, Kellogg, and Feinberg Schools, Northwestern UniversityEvanston, IL, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering, Wayne State UniversityDetroit, MI, USA
| | - Myung J Lee
- Applied Neuromarketing Consortium, Medill, Kellogg, and Feinberg Schools, Northwestern UniversityEvanston, IL, USA; Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicago, IL, USA; Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, and Mood and Motor Control Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA; MGH Center for Translational Research in Prescription Drug Abuse, Department of Anesthesia, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA; Northwestern University and Massachusetts General Hospital Phenotype Genotype Project in Addiction and Mood DisordersChicago, IL, USA
| | - Kalyan Raman
- Medill Integrated Marketing Communications, Northwestern UniversityEvanston, IL, USA; Applied Neuromarketing Consortium, Medill, Kellogg, and Feinberg Schools, Northwestern UniversityEvanston, IL, USA
| | - Frank J Mulhern
- Medill Integrated Marketing Communications, Northwestern UniversityEvanston, IL, USA; Applied Neuromarketing Consortium, Medill, Kellogg, and Feinberg Schools, Northwestern UniversityEvanston, IL, USA
| | - Martin P Block
- Medill Integrated Marketing Communications, Northwestern UniversityEvanston, IL, USA; Applied Neuromarketing Consortium, Medill, Kellogg, and Feinberg Schools, Northwestern UniversityEvanston, IL, USA
| | - Bobby Calder
- Applied Neuromarketing Consortium, Medill, Kellogg, and Feinberg Schools, Northwestern UniversityEvanston, IL, USA; Department of Marketing, Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern UniversityEvanston, IL, USA
| | - Sang Lee
- Applied Neuromarketing Consortium, Medill, Kellogg, and Feinberg Schools, Northwestern UniversityEvanston, IL, USA; Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, and Mood and Motor Control Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA; MGH Center for Translational Research in Prescription Drug Abuse, Department of Anesthesia, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA; Northwestern University and Massachusetts General Hospital Phenotype Genotype Project in Addiction and Mood DisordersChicago, IL, USA
| | - Dale T Mortensen
- Department of Economics, Northwestern University College of Arts and Sciences Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Anne J Blood
- Applied Neuromarketing Consortium, Medill, Kellogg, and Feinberg Schools, Northwestern UniversityEvanston, IL, USA; Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, and Mood and Motor Control Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA; MGH Center for Translational Research in Prescription Drug Abuse, Department of Anesthesia, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA; Northwestern University and Massachusetts General Hospital Phenotype Genotype Project in Addiction and Mood DisordersChicago, IL, USA
| | - Hans C Breiter
- Applied Neuromarketing Consortium, Medill, Kellogg, and Feinberg Schools, Northwestern UniversityEvanston, IL, USA; Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicago, IL, USA; Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, and Mood and Motor Control Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA; MGH Center for Translational Research in Prescription Drug Abuse, Department of Anesthesia, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA; Northwestern University and Massachusetts General Hospital Phenotype Genotype Project in Addiction and Mood DisordersChicago, IL, USA
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17
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Gilman JM, Lee S, Kuster JK, Lee MJ, Kim BW, van der Kouwe A, Blood AJ, Breiter HC. Variable activation in striatal subregions across components of a social influence task in young adult cannabis users. Brain Behav 2016; 6:e00459. [PMID: 27257518 PMCID: PMC4873656 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Decades of research have demonstrated the importance of social influence in initiation and maintenance of drug use, but little is known about neural mechanisms underlying social influence in young adults who use recreational drugs. METHODS To better understand whether the neural and/or behavioral response to social influence differs in young adults using illicit drugs, 20 marijuana-using young adults (MJ) aged 18-25, and 20 controls (CON) performed a decision-making task in the context of social influence, while they underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging scans. A priori analyses focused on the nucleus accumbens (NAc), with post hoc analyses in the rest of the striatum. In this task, participants could choose to either follow or go against group influence. RESULTS When subjects applied social information to response choice selection (independent of following or going against group influence), we observed activation in the middle striatum (caudate), in the MJ group only, that extended ventrally into the NAc. MJ users but not CON showed greater activation in the NAc but not the caudate while making choices congruent with group influence as opposed to choices going against group influence. Activation in the NAc when following social influence was associated with amount of drug use reported. In contrast, during the feedback phase of the task we observed significant NAc activation in both MJ and CON, along with dorsal caudate activation only in MJ participants. This NAc activation did not correlate with drug use. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that MJ users, but not CON, show differential brain activation across striatal subregions when applying social information to make a decision, following versus going against a group of peers, or receiving positive feedback. The current work suggests that differential neural sensitivity to social influence in regions such as the striatum may contribute to the development and/or maintenance of marijuana use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi M Gilman
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Charlestown Massachusetts 02129; Athinoula A. Martinos Center in Biomedical Imaging Department of Radiology Massachusetts General Hospital Charlestown Massachusetts 02129; Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts 02115
| | - Sang Lee
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Charlestown Massachusetts 02129
| | - John K Kuster
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Charlestown Massachusetts 02129; Mood and Motor Control Laboratory Massachusetts General Hospital Charlestown Massachusetts 02129
| | - Myung Joo Lee
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Charlestown Massachusetts 02129; Warren Wright Adolescent Center Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago Illinois 06011
| | - Byoung Woo Kim
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Charlestown Massachusetts 02129; Warren Wright Adolescent Center Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago Illinois 06011
| | - Andre van der Kouwe
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center in Biomedical Imaging Department of Radiology Massachusetts General Hospital Charlestown Massachusetts 02129; Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts 02115; Laboratory for Computational Neuroimaging Department of Radiology Massachusetts General Hospital Charlestown Massachusetts 02129
| | - Anne J Blood
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Charlestown Massachusetts 02129; Athinoula A. Martinos Center in Biomedical Imaging Department of Radiology Massachusetts General Hospital Charlestown Massachusetts 02129; Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts 02115; Mood and Motor Control Laboratory Massachusetts General Hospital Charlestown Massachusetts 02129
| | - Hans C Breiter
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Charlestown Massachusetts 02129; Athinoula A. Martinos Center in Biomedical Imaging Department of Radiology Massachusetts General Hospital Charlestown Massachusetts 02129; Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts 02115; Warren Wright Adolescent Center Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago Illinois 06011; Mood and Motor Control Laboratory Massachusetts General Hospital Charlestown Massachusetts 02129
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18
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Gilman JM, Curran MT, Calderon V, Schuster RM, Evins AE. Altered Neural Processing to Social Exclusion in Young Adult Marijuana Users. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2015; 1:152-159. [PMID: 26977454 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that peer groups are one of the most important predictors of adolescent and young adult marijuana use, and yet the neural correlates of social processing in marijuana users have not yet been studied. In the current study, marijuana-using young adults (n = 20) and non-using controls (n = 22) participated in a neuroimaging social exclusion task called Cyberball, a computerized ball-tossing game in which the participant is excluded from the game after a pre-determined number of ball tosses. Controls, but not marijuana users, demonstrated significant activation in the insula, a region associated with negative emotion, when being excluded from the game. Both groups demonstrated activation of the ventral anterior cingulate cortex (vACC), a region associated with affective monitoring, during peer exclusion. Only the marijuana group showed a correlation between vACC activation and scores on a self-report measure of peer conformity. This study indicates that marijuana users show atypical neural processing of social exclusion, which may be either caused by, or the result of, regular marijuana use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi M Gilman
- Center for Addiction Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center in Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, MGH, Charlestown, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Max T Curran
- Center for Addiction Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA
| | - Vanessa Calderon
- Center for Addiction Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA
| | - Randi M Schuster
- Center for Addiction Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Eden Evins
- Center for Addiction Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Lee S, Lee MJ, Kim BW, Gilman JM, Kuster JK, Blood AJ, Kuhnen CM, Breiter HC. The Commonality of Loss Aversion across Procedures and Stimuli. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135216. [PMID: 26394306 PMCID: PMC4579072 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals tend to give losses approximately 2-fold the weight that they give gains. Such approximations of loss aversion (LA) are almost always measured in the stimulus domain of money, rather than objects or pictures. Recent work on preference-based decision-making with a schedule-less keypress task (relative preference theory, RPT) has provided a mathematical formulation for LA similar to that in prospect theory (PT), but makes no parametric assumptions in the computation of LA, uses a variable tied to communication theory (i.e., the Shannon entropy or information), and works readily with non-monetary stimuli. We evaluated if these distinct frameworks described similar LA in healthy subjects, and found that LA during the anticipation phase of the PT-based task correlated significantly with LA related to the RPT-based task. Given the ease with which non-monetary stimuli can be used on the Internet, or in animal studies, these findings open an extensive range of applications for the study of loss aversion. Furthermore, the emergence of methodology that can be used to measure preference for both social stimuli and money brings a common framework to the evaluation of preference in both social psychology and behavioral economics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Lee
- Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) and Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA, United States of America
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Northwestern University Phenotype Genotype Project in Addiction and Mood Disorders
| | - Myung J. Lee
- Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) and Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA, United States of America
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Northwestern University Phenotype Genotype Project in Addiction and Mood Disorders
| | - Byoung W. Kim
- Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) and Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA, United States of America
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Northwestern University Phenotype Genotype Project in Addiction and Mood Disorders
| | - Jodi M. Gilman
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) and Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA, United States of America
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Northwestern University Phenotype Genotype Project in Addiction and Mood Disorders
| | - John K. Kuster
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) and Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA, United States of America
- Mood and Motor Control Laboratory, MGH and HMS, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Northwestern University Phenotype Genotype Project in Addiction and Mood Disorders
| | - Anne J. Blood
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) and Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA, United States of America
- Mood and Motor Control Laboratory, MGH and HMS, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Northwestern University Phenotype Genotype Project in Addiction and Mood Disorders
| | - Camelia M. Kuhnen
- Kenan-Flagler Business School, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Hans C. Breiter
- Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) and Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA, United States of America
- Mood and Motor Control Laboratory, MGH and HMS, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Northwestern University Phenotype Genotype Project in Addiction and Mood Disorders
- * E-mail:
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Wolf C, Mohr H, Diekhof EK, Vieker H, Goya-Maldonado R, Trost S, Krämer B, Keil M, Binder EB, Gruber O. CREB1 Genotype Modulates Adaptive Reward-Based Decisions in Humans. Cereb Cortex 2015; 26:2970-81. [PMID: 26045569 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhv104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) contributes to adaptation of mesocorticolimbic networks by modulating activity-regulated transcription and plasticity in neurons. Activity or expression changes of CREB in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and orbital frontal cortex (OFC) interact with behavioral changes during reward-motivated learning. However, these findings from animal models have not been evaluated in humans. We tested whether CREB1 genotypes affect reward-motivated decisions and related brain activation, using BOLD fMRI in 224 young and healthy participants. More specifically, participants needed to adapt their decision to either pursue or resist immediate rewards to optimize the reward outcome. We found significant CREB1 genotype effects on choices to pursue increases of the reward outcome and on BOLD signal in the NAc, OFC, insula cortex, cingulate gyrus, hippocampus, amygdala, and precuneus during these decisions in comparison with those decisions avoiding total reward loss. Our results suggest that CREB1 genotype effects in these regions could contribute to individual differences in reward- and associative memory-based decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Wolf
- Center for Translational Research in Systems Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen 37075, Germany Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute of Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224-6825, USA
| | - Holger Mohr
- Center for Translational Research in Systems Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen 37075, Germany Department of General Psychology, Technical University Dresden, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Esther K Diekhof
- Center for Translational Research in Systems Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen 37075, Germany Grindel Biocenter and Zoological Museum, Institute for Humanbiology, University Hamburg, Hamburg 20146, Germany
| | - Henning Vieker
- Center for Translational Research in Systems Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen 37075, Germany Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Roberto Goya-Maldonado
- Center for Translational Research in Systems Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen 37075, Germany
| | - Sarah Trost
- Center for Translational Research in Systems Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen 37075, Germany
| | - Bernd Krämer
- Center for Translational Research in Systems Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen 37075, Germany
| | - Maria Keil
- Center for Translational Research in Systems Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen 37075, Germany
| | | | - Oliver Gruber
- Center for Translational Research in Systems Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen 37075, Germany
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Viswanathan V, Lee S, Gilman JM, Kim BW, Lee N, Chamberlain L, Livengood SL, Raman K, Lee MJ, Kuster J, Stern DB, Calder B, Mulhern FJ, Blood AJ, Breiter HC. Age-related striatal BOLD changes without changes in behavioral loss aversion. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:176. [PMID: 25983682 PMCID: PMC4415398 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss aversion (LA), the idea that negative valuations have a higher psychological impact than positive ones, is considered an important variable in consumer research. The literature on aging and behavior suggests older individuals may show more LA, although it is not clear if this is an effect of aging in general (as in the continuum from age 20 and 50 years), or of the state of older age (e.g., past age 65 years). We also have not yet identified the potential biological effects of aging on the neural processing of LA. In the current study we used a cohort of subjects with a 30 year range of ages, and performed whole brain functional MRI (fMRI) to examine the ventral striatum/nucleus accumbens (VS/NAc) response during a passive viewing of affective faces with model-based fMRI analysis incorporating behavioral data from a validated approach/avoidance task with the same stimuli. Our a priori focus on the VS/NAc was based on (1) the VS/NAc being a central region for reward/aversion processing; (2) its activation to both positive and negative stimuli; (3) its reported involvement with tracking LA. LA from approach/avoidance to affective faces showed excellent fidelity to published measures of LA. Imaging results were then compared to the behavioral measure of LA using the same affective faces. Although there was no relationship between age and LA, we observed increasing neural differential sensitivity (NDS) of the VS/NAc to avoidance responses (negative valuations) relative to approach responses (positive valuations) with increasing age. These findings suggest that a central region for reward/aversion processing changes with age, and may require more activation to produce the same LA behavior as in younger individuals, consistent with the idea of neural efficiency observed with high IQ individuals showing less brain activation to complete the same task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Viswanathan
- Medill Integrated Marketing Communications, Northwestern University Evanston, IL, USA ; Applied Neuromarketing Consortium: Northwestern University, Wayne State University, University of Michigan, Loughborough University School of Business and Economics (UK) and Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard University Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sang Lee
- Mood and Motor Control Laboratory or Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA, USA ; Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, IL, USA ; Northwestern University and Massachusetts General Hospital Phenotype Genotype Project in Addiction and Mood Disorders Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jodi M Gilman
- Mood and Motor Control Laboratory or Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA, USA
| | - Byoung Woo Kim
- Applied Neuromarketing Consortium: Northwestern University, Wayne State University, University of Michigan, Loughborough University School of Business and Economics (UK) and Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard University Chicago, IL, USA ; Mood and Motor Control Laboratory or Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA, USA ; Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, IL, USA ; Northwestern University and Massachusetts General Hospital Phenotype Genotype Project in Addiction and Mood Disorders Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nick Lee
- Applied Neuromarketing Consortium: Northwestern University, Wayne State University, University of Michigan, Loughborough University School of Business and Economics (UK) and Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard University Chicago, IL, USA ; Marketing Group, Aston Business School Birmingham, UK
| | - Laura Chamberlain
- Applied Neuromarketing Consortium: Northwestern University, Wayne State University, University of Michigan, Loughborough University School of Business and Economics (UK) and Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard University Chicago, IL, USA ; Marketing Group, Aston Business School Birmingham, UK
| | - Sherri L Livengood
- Applied Neuromarketing Consortium: Northwestern University, Wayne State University, University of Michigan, Loughborough University School of Business and Economics (UK) and Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard University Chicago, IL, USA ; Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kalyan Raman
- Medill Integrated Marketing Communications, Northwestern University Evanston, IL, USA ; Applied Neuromarketing Consortium: Northwestern University, Wayne State University, University of Michigan, Loughborough University School of Business and Economics (UK) and Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard University Chicago, IL, USA ; Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, IL, USA ; Department of Marketing, Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Myung Joo Lee
- Applied Neuromarketing Consortium: Northwestern University, Wayne State University, University of Michigan, Loughborough University School of Business and Economics (UK) and Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard University Chicago, IL, USA ; Mood and Motor Control Laboratory or Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA, USA ; Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, IL, USA ; Northwestern University and Massachusetts General Hospital Phenotype Genotype Project in Addiction and Mood Disorders Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jake Kuster
- Mood and Motor Control Laboratory or Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA, USA ; Northwestern University and Massachusetts General Hospital Phenotype Genotype Project in Addiction and Mood Disorders Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Daniel B Stern
- Applied Neuromarketing Consortium: Northwestern University, Wayne State University, University of Michigan, Loughborough University School of Business and Economics (UK) and Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard University Chicago, IL, USA ; Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bobby Calder
- Applied Neuromarketing Consortium: Northwestern University, Wayne State University, University of Michigan, Loughborough University School of Business and Economics (UK) and Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard University Chicago, IL, USA ; Department of Marketing, Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Frank J Mulhern
- Medill Integrated Marketing Communications, Northwestern University Evanston, IL, USA ; Applied Neuromarketing Consortium: Northwestern University, Wayne State University, University of Michigan, Loughborough University School of Business and Economics (UK) and Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard University Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anne J Blood
- Applied Neuromarketing Consortium: Northwestern University, Wayne State University, University of Michigan, Loughborough University School of Business and Economics (UK) and Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard University Chicago, IL, USA ; Mood and Motor Control Laboratory or Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA, USA ; Northwestern University and Massachusetts General Hospital Phenotype Genotype Project in Addiction and Mood Disorders Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hans C Breiter
- Applied Neuromarketing Consortium: Northwestern University, Wayne State University, University of Michigan, Loughborough University School of Business and Economics (UK) and Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard University Chicago, IL, USA ; Mood and Motor Control Laboratory or Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA, USA ; Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, IL, USA ; Northwestern University and Massachusetts General Hospital Phenotype Genotype Project in Addiction and Mood Disorders Chicago, IL, USA
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Breiter HC, Block M, Blood AJ, Calder B, Chamberlain L, Lee N, Livengood S, Mulhern FJ, Raman K, Schultz D, Stern DB, Viswanathan V, Zhang FZ. Redefining neuromarketing as an integrated science of influence. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 8:1073. [PMID: 25709573 PMCID: PMC4325919 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.01073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple transformative forces target marketing, many of which derive from new technologies that allow us to sample thinking in real time (i.e., brain imaging), or to look at large aggregations of decisions (i.e., big data). There has been an inclination to refer to the intersection of these technologies with the general topic of marketing as "neuromarketing". There has not been a serious effort to frame neuromarketing, which is the goal of this paper. Neuromarketing can be compared to neuroeconomics, wherein neuroeconomics is generally focused on how individuals make "choices", and represent distributions of choices. Neuromarketing, in contrast, focuses on how a distribution of choices can be shifted or "influenced", which can occur at multiple "scales" of behavior (e.g., individual, group, or market/society). Given influence can affect choice through many cognitive modalities, and not just that of valuation of choice options, a science of influence also implies a need to develop a model of cognitive function integrating attention, memory, and reward/aversion function. The paper concludes with a brief description of three domains of neuromarketing application for studying influence, and their caveats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans C Breiter
- Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, IL, USA ; Mood and Motor Control Laboratory or Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA, USA ; Applied Neuromarketing Consortium, Medill, Kellogg, and Feinberg Schools, Northwestern University Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Martin Block
- Applied Neuromarketing Consortium, Medill, Kellogg, and Feinberg Schools, Northwestern University Evanston, IL, USA ; Medill Integrated Marketing Communications, Northwestern University Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Anne J Blood
- Mood and Motor Control Laboratory or Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA, USA ; Applied Neuromarketing Consortium, Medill, Kellogg, and Feinberg Schools, Northwestern University Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Bobby Calder
- Applied Neuromarketing Consortium, Medill, Kellogg, and Feinberg Schools, Northwestern University Evanston, IL, USA ; Department of Marketing, Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Laura Chamberlain
- Applied Neuromarketing Consortium, Medill, Kellogg, and Feinberg Schools, Northwestern University Evanston, IL, USA ; Aston Business School Birmingham, UK
| | - Nick Lee
- Applied Neuromarketing Consortium, Medill, Kellogg, and Feinberg Schools, Northwestern University Evanston, IL, USA ; School of Business and Economics, Loughborough University Leicestershire, UK
| | - Sherri Livengood
- Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, IL, USA ; Applied Neuromarketing Consortium, Medill, Kellogg, and Feinberg Schools, Northwestern University Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Frank J Mulhern
- Applied Neuromarketing Consortium, Medill, Kellogg, and Feinberg Schools, Northwestern University Evanston, IL, USA ; Medill Integrated Marketing Communications, Northwestern University Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Kalyan Raman
- Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, IL, USA ; Applied Neuromarketing Consortium, Medill, Kellogg, and Feinberg Schools, Northwestern University Evanston, IL, USA ; Medill Integrated Marketing Communications, Northwestern University Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Don Schultz
- Applied Neuromarketing Consortium, Medill, Kellogg, and Feinberg Schools, Northwestern University Evanston, IL, USA ; Medill Integrated Marketing Communications, Northwestern University Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Daniel B Stern
- Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, IL, USA ; Applied Neuromarketing Consortium, Medill, Kellogg, and Feinberg Schools, Northwestern University Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Vijay Viswanathan
- Applied Neuromarketing Consortium, Medill, Kellogg, and Feinberg Schools, Northwestern University Evanston, IL, USA ; Medill Integrated Marketing Communications, Northwestern University Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Fengqing Zoe Zhang
- Applied Neuromarketing Consortium, Medill, Kellogg, and Feinberg Schools, Northwestern University Evanston, IL, USA ; Department of Statistics, Northwestern University Evanston, IL, USA ; Department of Psychology, Drexel University Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Guo J, Liu Z, Dai H, Zhu Z, Wang H, Yang C, Xiao L, Huang Y, Wang G. Preliminary investigation of the influence of CREB1 gene polymorphisms on cognitive dysfunction in Chinese patients with major depression. Int J Neurosci 2013; 124:22-9. [DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2013.816956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Inoue K, Ando N, Suzuki E, Hayashi H, Tsuji D, Itoh K. Genotype distributions and allele frequencies of possible major depressive disorder-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms, cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein 1 rs4675690 and Piccolo rs2522833, in a Japanese population. Biol Pharm Bull 2012; 35:265-8. [PMID: 22293360 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.35.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
It is known that the onset of major depressive disorder (MDD) would be associated with genetic factors. To investigate the susceptibility to psychiatric disorders, e.g. MDD, schizophrenia etc., it is necessary to compare the genetic differences of objective polymorphisms between in patients and in relative contol subjects. Recently, an increasing number of studies focused on the role of cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein 1 (CREB1) and Piccolo (PCLO) on MDD. However, there was no report about genetic characterization of polymorphisms in between MDD patients and healthy subjects in Japanese population. We analized genotype distributions and allele frequencies of CREB1 rs4675690 and PCLO rs2522833 polymorphisms in 267 Japanese subjects, respectively. In CREB1 rs4675690, C allele frequency (0.41) was lower than T allele (0.59). While in PCLO rs2522833, A allele frequency (0.45) was lower than C allele (0.55). Our findings may be useful for investigating the genetic factors concerning the susceptibility to MDD in Japanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Inoue
- Department Clinical Pharmacology & Genetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Japan
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Hasler R, Perroud N, Baud P, Olié E, Guillaume S, Malafosse A, Courtet P. CREB1 modulates the influence of childhood sexual abuse on adult's anger traits. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2012; 11:720-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2012.00807.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Fortier E, Noreau A, Lepore F, Boivin M, Pérusse D, Rouleau GA, Beauregard M. Early influence of the rs4675690 on the neural substrates of sadness. J Affect Disord 2011; 135:336-40. [PMID: 21807415 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2011.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CREB1 has previously been implicated in mood disorders, suicide, and antidepressant response. There is some evidence that the T allele in rs4675690, a single-nucleotide polymorphism near the CREB1 gene, is involved in the modulation of neural responses to negative stimuli. It is not known whether differential brain activity during negative mood state appears early in life in T allele carriers. METHODS Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to measure brain activity, during a transient state of sadness, in children homozygous for the T allele or the C allele. This primary emotion was selected given that it is the prevailing mood in major depressive disorder (MDD). Blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) signal changes were measured while subjects viewed blocks of neutral film excerpts and blocks of sad film excerpts. RESULTS There was significantly greater BOLD activation in the TT group, compared to the CC group, in the right dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (Brodmann area [BA 24]), right putamen, right caudate nucleus and left anterior temporal pole (BA 21), when the brain activity associated with the viewing of the emotionally neutral film excerpts was subtracted from that associated with the viewing of the sad film excerpts. LIMITATIONS A replication study using larger samples may be required for more definitive conclusions. CONCLUSIONS The different pattern of regional brain activation found here during transient sadness - in children carrying the T allele, compared to those carrying the C allele - might increase later in life susceptibility to emotional dysregulation and depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Fortier
- Centre de Recherche en Neuropsychologie et Cognition (CERNEC), Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
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Juhasz G, Dunham JS, McKie S, Thomas E, Downey D, Chase D, Lloyd-Williams K, Toth ZG, Platt H, Mekli K, Payton A, Elliott R, Williams SR, Anderson IM, Deakin JFW. The CREB1-BDNF-NTRK2 pathway in depression: multiple gene-cognition-environment interactions. Biol Psychiatry 2011; 69:762-71. [PMID: 21215389 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Revised: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neuroplastic pathway, which includes cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein 1 (CREB1), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and its receptor (neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor, type 2 [NTRK2]), plays a crucial role in the adaptation of brain to stress, and thus variations of these genes are plausible risk factors for depression. METHODS A population-based sample was recruited, subsets of which were interviewed and underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging. We investigated the association of nine polymorphisms throughout the CREB1-BDNF-NTRK2 pathway with lifetime depression, rumination, current depression severity, negative life events, and sad face emotion processing in a three-level design. RESULTS In the population study, BDNF-rs6265 and CREB1-rs2253206 major alleles were significantly associated with rumination and through rumination with current depression severity. However, childhood adversity increased the risk of lifetime depression in the minor allele carriers of BDNF-rs6265 and CREB1-rs2253206 and in alleles of six other single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We validated our findings in the interviewed subjects using structural equation modeling. Finally, using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we found that viewing sad faces evoked greater activity in depression-related areas in healthy control subjects possessing the minor alleles of BDNF-rs6265 and CREB1-rs2253206. CONCLUSIONS Genetic variation associated with reduced function in the CREB1-BDNF-NTRK2 pathway has multiple, sometimes opposing, influences on risk mechanisms of depression, but almost all the SNPs studied amplified the effect of childhood adversity. The use of cognitive and neural intermediate phenotypes together with a molecular pathway approach may be critical to understanding how genes influence risk of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Juhasz
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
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Scharinger C, Rabl U, Sitte HH, Pezawas L. Imaging genetics of mood disorders. Neuroimage 2010; 53:810-21. [PMID: 20156570 PMCID: PMC4502568 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2009] [Revised: 01/17/2010] [Accepted: 02/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mood disorders are highly heritable and have been linked to brain regions of emotion processing. Over the past few years, an enormous amount of imaging genetics studies has demonstrated the impact of risk genes on brain regions and systems of emotion processing in vivo in healthy subjects as well as in mood disorder patients. While sufficient evidence already exists for several monaminergic genes as well as for a few non-monoaminergic genes, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in healthy subjects, many others only have been investigated in single studies so far. Apart from these studies, the present review also covers imaging genetics studies applying more complex genetic disease models of mood disorders, such as epistasis and gene-environment interactions, and their impact on brain systems of emotion processing. This review attempts to provide a comprehensive overview of the rapidly growing field of imaging genetics studies in mood disorder research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Scharinger
- Division of Biological Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrich Rabl
- Division of Biological Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald H. Sitte
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Pezawas
- Division of Biological Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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Courtet P. Suicidality: risk factors and the effects of antidepressants. The example of parallel reduction of suicidality and other depressive symptoms during treatment with the SNRI, milnacipran. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2010; 6:3-8. [PMID: 20856596 PMCID: PMC2938281 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s11774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Suicidal behavior (SB) represents a major public health issue. Clinical and basic research suggests that SB is a specific entity in psychiatric nosology involving a combination of personality traits, genetic factors, childhood abuse and neuroanatomical abnormalities. The principal risk factor for suicide is depression. More than 60% of patients who complete suicide are depressed at the time of suicide, most of them untreated. There has been a controversy concerning a possible increased risk of SB in some depressed patients treated with antidepressants. Most recent evidence suggests, however, that treatment of depressed patients is associated with a favorable benefit-risk ratio. A recent study has determined the effects of 6 weeks of antidepressant treatment with the serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, milnacipran, on suicidality in a cohort of 30 patients with mild to moderate depression. At baseline, mild suicidal thoughts were present in 46.7% of patients. Suicidal thoughts decreased progressively throughout the study in parallel with other depressive symptoms and were essentially absent at the end of the study. At no time during treatment was there any indication of an increased suicidal risk. Retardation and psychic anxiety decreased in parallel possibly explaining the lack of any "activation syndrome" in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Courtet
- CHRU Montpellier, Inserm U888, Hôpital La Colombière, Pavillon 42 39 av. Charles Flahault, University of Montpellier I, Montpellier, France.
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Kim BW, Kennedy DN, Lehár J, Lee MJ, Blood AJ, Lee S, Perlis RH, Smoller JW, Morris R, Fava M, Breiter HC. Recurrent, robust and scalable patterns underlie human approach and avoidance. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10613. [PMID: 20532247 PMCID: PMC2879576 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2010] [Accepted: 04/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approach and avoidance behavior provide a means for assessing the rewarding or aversive value of stimuli, and can be quantified by a keypress procedure whereby subjects work to increase (approach), decrease (avoid), or do nothing about time of exposure to a rewarding/aversive stimulus. To investigate whether approach/avoidance behavior might be governed by quantitative principles that meet engineering criteria for lawfulness and that encode known features of reward/aversion function, we evaluated whether keypress responses toward pictures with potential motivational value produced any regular patterns, such as a trade-off between approach and avoidance, or recurrent lawful patterns as observed with prospect theory. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Three sets of experiments employed this task with beautiful face images, a standardized set of affective photographs, and pictures of food during controlled states of hunger and satiety. An iterative modeling approach to data identified multiple law-like patterns, based on variables grounded in the individual. These patterns were consistent across stimulus types, robust to noise, describable by a simple power law, and scalable between individuals and groups. Patterns included: (i) a preference trade-off counterbalancing approach and avoidance, (ii) a value function linking preference intensity to uncertainty about preference, and (iii) a saturation function linking preference intensity to its standard deviation, thereby setting limits to both. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE These law-like patterns were compatible with critical features of prospect theory, the matching law, and alliesthesia. Furthermore, they appeared consistent with both mean-variance and expected utility approaches to the assessment of risk. Ordering of responses across categories of stimuli demonstrated three properties thought to be relevant for preference-based choice, suggesting these patterns might be grouped together as a relative preference theory. Since variables in these patterns have been associated with reward circuitry structure and function, they may provide a method for quantitative phenotyping of normative and pathological function (e.g., psychiatric illness).
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung Woo Kim
- Motivation and Emotion Neuroscience Collaboration (MENC), Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - David N. Kennedy
- Center for Morphometric Analysis, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Joseph Lehár
- Department of Bioinformatics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Myung Joo Lee
- Motivation and Emotion Neuroscience Collaboration (MENC), Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Anne J. Blood
- Motivation and Emotion Neuroscience Collaboration (MENC), Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Mood and Motor Control Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sang Lee
- Motivation and Emotion Neuroscience Collaboration (MENC), Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Roy H. Perlis
- Depression Clinic and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit of the Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jordan W. Smoller
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit of the Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Robert Morris
- Motivation and Emotion Neuroscience Collaboration (MENC), Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Maurizio Fava
- Depression Clinic and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hans C. Breiter
- Motivation and Emotion Neuroscience Collaboration (MENC), Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Mood and Motor Control Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Perlis RH, Smoller JW, Mysore J, Sun M, Gillis T, Purcell S, Rietschel M, Nöthen MM, Witt S, Maier W, Iosifescu DV, Sullivan P, Rush AJ, Fava M, Breiter H, Macdonald M, Gusella J. Prevalence of incompletely penetrant Huntington's disease alleles among individuals with major depressive disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2010; 167:574-9. [PMID: 20360314 PMCID: PMC3114558 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.09070973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Presymptomatic individuals with the Huntingtin (HTT) CAG expansion mutation that causes Huntington's disease may have higher levels of depressive symptoms than healthy comparison populations. However, the prevalence of HTT CAG repeat expansions among individuals diagnosed with major depressive disorder has not been established. METHOD This was a case-control genetic association study of HTT CAG allele size in two discovery cohorts of individuals with major depressive disorder and comparison subjects without major depression as well as a replication cohort of individuals with major depression and comparison subjects without major depression. RESULTS CAG repeat lengths of 36 or greater were observed in six of 3,054 chromosomes from individuals with major depression, compared with none of 4,155 chromosomes from comparison subjects. In a third cohort, one expanded allele was observed among 1,202 chromosomes in the major depression group, compared with none of 2,678 chromosomes in comparison subjects. No clear pattern of clinical features was shared among individuals with the expanded repeats. CONCLUSIONS In clinical populations of individuals diagnosed with major depression, approximately 3 in 1,000 carried expanded HTT CAG alleles.
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Dillon DG, Bogdan R, Fagerness J, Holmes AJ, Perlis RH, Pizzagalli DA. Variation in TREK1 gene linked to depression-resistant phenotype is associated with potentiated neural responses to rewards in humans. Hum Brain Mapp 2010; 31:210-21. [PMID: 19621370 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.20858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The TREK1 gene has been linked to a depression-resistant phenotype in rodents and antidepressant response in humans, but the neural mechanisms underlying these links are unclear. Because TREK1 is expressed in reward-related basal ganglia regions, it has been hypothesized that TREK1 genetic variation may be associated with anhedonic symptoms of depression. To investigate whether TREK1 genetic variation influences reward processing, we genotyped healthy individuals (n = 31) who completed a monetary incentive delay task during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Three genotypes previously linked to positive antidepressant response were associated with potentiated basal ganglia activity to gains, but did not influence responses to penalties or no change feedback. TREK1 genetic variations did not affect basal ganglia volume, and fMRI group differences were confirmed when accounting for self-report measures of anhedonia. In addition, the total number of "protective" TREK1 alleles was associated with stronger responses to gains in several other reward-related regions, including the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, and mesial prefrontal cortex. In control analyses, associations between basal ganglia responses to gains and functional polymorphisms in the dopamine transporter (DAT1) and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) genes were also explored. Results revealed that TREK1 and DAT/COMT genotypes were independently related to basal ganglia responses to gains. These findings indicate that TREK1 genotypes are associated with individual differences in reward-related brain activity. Future studies in depressed samples should evaluate whether variation in neural responses to rewards may contribute to the association between TREK1 and antidepressant response in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Dillon
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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33
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Lohoff FW, Ferraro TN. Pharmacogenetic considerations in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2010; 11:423-39. [DOI: 10.1517/14656560903508762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Abstract
The discipline of affective neuroscience is concerned with the underlying neural substrates of emotion and mood. This review presents an historical overview of the pioneering work in affective neuroscience of James and Lange, Cannon and Bard, and Hess, Papez, and MacLean before summarizing the current state of research on the brain regions identified by these seminal researchers. We also discuss the more recent strides made in the field of affective neuroscience. A final section considers different hypothetical organizations of affective neuroanatomy and highlights future directions for the discipline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Dalgleish
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, UK,
| | - Barnaby D. Dunn
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dean Mobbs
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, UK
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35
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Gasic G, Smoller J, Perlis R, Sun M, Lee S, Kim B, Lee M, Holt D, Blood A, Makris N, Kennedy D, Hoge R, Calhoun J, Fava M, Gusella J, Breiter H. BDNF, relative preference, and reward circuitry responses to emotional communication. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2009; 150B:762-81. [PMID: 19388013 PMCID: PMC7891456 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) regulates neural development and synaptic transmission. We have tested the hypothesis that functional variation in the BDNF gene (Val66Met polymorphism, rs6265) affects brain reward circuitry encoding human judgment and decision-making regarding relative preference. We quantified relative preference among faces with emotional expressions (angry, fearful, sad, neutral, and happy) by a keypress procedure performed offline to measure effort traded for viewing time. Keypress-based relative preferences across the ensemble of faces were mirrored significantly by fMRI signal in the orbitofrontal cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus when passively viewing these faces. For these three brain regions, there was also a statistically significant group difference by BDNF genotype in the fMRI responses to the emotional expressions. In comparison with Val/Met heterozygotes, Val/Val individuals preferentially sought exposure to positive emotions (e.g., happy faces) and had stronger regional fMRI activation to aversive stimuli (e.g., angry, fearful, and sad faces). BDNF genotype accounted for approximately 30% of the variance in fMRI signal that mirrors keypress responses to these stimuli. This study demonstrates that functional allelic variation in BDNF modulates human brain circuits processing reward/aversion information and relative preference transactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G.P. Gasic
- Motivation and Emotion Neuroscience Collaboration (MENC), Athinoula A. Martinos Center in Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - J.W. Smoller
- Depression Clinic and Research Program, Addiction Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - R.H. Perlis
- Depression Clinic and Research Program, Addiction Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - M. Sun
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - S. Lee
- Motivation and Emotion Neuroscience Collaboration (MENC), Athinoula A. Martinos Center in Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - B.W. Kim
- Motivation and Emotion Neuroscience Collaboration (MENC), Athinoula A. Martinos Center in Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - M.J. Lee
- Motivation and Emotion Neuroscience Collaboration (MENC), Athinoula A. Martinos Center in Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - D.J. Holt
- Depression Clinic and Research Program, Addiction Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - A.J. Blood
- Motivation and Emotion Neuroscience Collaboration (MENC), Athinoula A. Martinos Center in Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,Depression Clinic and Research Program, Addiction Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - N. Makris
- Depression Clinic and Research Program, Addiction Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,Center for Morphometric Analysis, Center for Integrative Informatics, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - D.K. Kennedy
- Motivation and Emotion Neuroscience Collaboration (MENC), Athinoula A. Martinos Center in Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,Center for Morphometric Analysis, Center for Integrative Informatics, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - R.D. Hoge
- Motivation and Emotion Neuroscience Collaboration (MENC), Athinoula A. Martinos Center in Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - J. Calhoun
- Motivation and Emotion Neuroscience Collaboration (MENC), Athinoula A. Martinos Center in Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - M. Fava
- Depression Clinic and Research Program, Addiction Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - J.F. Gusella
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - H.C. Breiter
- Motivation and Emotion Neuroscience Collaboration (MENC), Athinoula A. Martinos Center in Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,Depression Clinic and Research Program, Addiction Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,Correspondence to: H.C. Breiter, MENC, Athinoula A. Martinos Center, 2nd Floor 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129.
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Thomas KLH, Ellingrod VL. Pharmacogenetics of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and associated adverse drug reactions. Pharmacotherapy 2009; 29:822-31. [PMID: 19558256 DOI: 10.1592/phco.29.7.822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have become one of the most widely prescribed classes of drugs. They are relatively safe for the pharmacologic treatment of various psychiatric disorders; however, certain patients cannot tolerate some adverse drug reactions associated with this drug class. In addition, clinicians currently have no way to predict who will respond appropriately to a given SSRI, and the paradigm of trial and error is especially distressing for patients with mental illness. Pharmacogenetic association studies may provide insight into which genetic polymorphisms might be clinically relevant for individualizing pharmacotherapeutic regimens. Thus, we reviewed and summarized the literature regarding the pharmacogenomics of SSRI-associated adverse drug reactions. This growing body of knowledge may inform subsequent design of pharmacogenetic studies with respect to adverse drug reactions. As we appreciate the many pharmacologic mechanisms related to adverse drug reactions and gain polymorphic functional data, we will have opportunities to refine hypotheses for future pharmacogenetic association analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelan L H Thomas
- Clinical Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1065, USA
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37
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Komaki G, Moriguchi Y, Ando T, Yoshiuchi K, Nakao M. Prospects of psychosomatic medicine. Biopsychosoc Med 2009; 3:1. [PMID: 19161633 PMCID: PMC2642858 DOI: 10.1186/1751-0759-3-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2009] [Accepted: 01/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gen Komaki
- Department of Psychosomatic Research, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Moriguchi
- Department of Psychosomatic Research, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Psychology, Boston College, Boston, USA
| | - Tetsuya Ando
- Department of Psychosomatic Research, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yoshiuchi
- Department of Stress Sciences and Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mutsuhiro Nakao
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Itabashi, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Psychosomatic Medicine, Teikyo University Hospital, Itabashi, Tokyo, Japan
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