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Corbu VM, Gheorghe-Barbu I, Dumbravă AȘ, Vrâncianu CO, Șesan TE. Current Insights in Fungal Importance-A Comprehensive Review. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1384. [PMID: 37374886 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides plants and animals, the Fungi kingdom describes several species characterized by various forms and applications. They can be found in all habitats and play an essential role in the excellent functioning of the ecosystem, for example, as decomposers of plant material for the cycling of carbon and nutrients or as symbionts of plants. Furthermore, fungi have been used in many sectors for centuries, from producing food, beverages, and medications. Recently, they have gained significant recognition for protecting the environment, agriculture, and several industrial applications. The current article intends to review the beneficial roles of fungi used for a vast range of applications, such as the production of several enzymes and pigments, applications regarding food and pharmaceutical industries, the environment, and research domains, as well as the negative impacts of fungi (secondary metabolites production, etiological agents of diseases in plants, animals, and humans, as well as deteriogenic agents).
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Affiliation(s)
- Viorica Maria Corbu
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 060101 Bucharest, Romania
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest-ICUB, 91-95 Spl. Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Irina Gheorghe-Barbu
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest-ICUB, 91-95 Spl. Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 060101 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea Ștefania Dumbravă
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 060101 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Corneliu Ovidiu Vrâncianu
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest-ICUB, 91-95 Spl. Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 060101 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Tatiana Eugenia Șesan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 060101 Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Forestry, 61 Bd. Mărăşti, District 1, 011464 Bucharest, Romania
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Zinsaz H, Calder G, Corallo C, Gibson PR, Poojary S, Moran C. Initial experiences of an in-reach service providing iron infusions in residential aged care facilities. Australas J Ageing 2020; 39:e454-e459. [PMID: 32090443 DOI: 10.1111/ajag.12776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the feasibility of developing an in-reach parenteral iron infusion service to residents of residential aged care facilities (RACFs). METHODS An audit comparing the use of iron infusions in RACFs prior to and following the introduction of an in-reach iron infusion service. RESULTS Of the 738 inpatient iron infusions administered to inpatients ≥65 years in the 12 months prior to the in-reach service, 52 (7%) lived in an RACF, with no significant adverse events reported. After implementation of an in-reach service, a total of 37 RACF residents received parenteral iron in the first 12 months of the service, with no significant adverse events reported. CONCLUSION It is possible to safely provide parenteral iron through an in-reach service to residents in RACF. Further research is required to identify the person-level benefits achieved by this service.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Zinsaz
- Department of Aged Care, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Aged Care, Monash Health, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Georgina Calder
- Mobile Assessment and Treatment Service, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Carmela Corallo
- Pharmacy Department, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Peter R Gibson
- Department of Gastroenterology, Alfred Health and Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Suma Poojary
- Department of Aged Care, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Mobile Assessment and Treatment Service, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Chris Moran
- Department of Aged Care, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Medicine, Peninsula Clinical School, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Aged Care, Peninsula Health, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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Abdulrehman J, Tang GH, Auerbach M, Santesso N, Sholzberg M. The safety and efficacy of ferumoxytol in the treatment of iron deficiency: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Transfusion 2019; 59:3646-3656. [PMID: 31762068 DOI: 10.1111/trf.15587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ferumoxytol is an intravenous (IV) iron formulation for treatment of iron deficiency (ID) that faced post-marketing reports of serious adverse events (SAEs). OBJECTIVES To determine the safety and efficacy of ferumoxytol compared to other iron formulations and placebo. METHODS We searched the Cochrane Library, Medline, and EMBASE from inception until February 2018 as well as trial registries and reference lists of relevant articles for randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trials. RESULTS The review included nine studies with 5691 participants. Studies were at low risk of bias. When comparing ferumoxytol to other IV iron formulations, there is moderate quality evidence (QE) of little to no difference in treatment emergent adverse events (TEAEs) (risk ratio [RR] 0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.80-0.97), treatment related adverse events (TRAEs) (RR 0.73, 95% CI 0.61-0.88), SAEs (RR 1.13, 95% CI 0.77-1.67), hypotension or hypersensitivity reactions (RR 0.58, 95% CI 0.31-1.09), or composite cardiovascular outcomes (RR 0.56, 95% CI 0.24-1.29), low QE of little to no difference in related SAEs (RR 0.55, 95% CI 0.05-6.16), and high QE of little to no difference in the number of patients with an increase in hemoglobin by at least 1 g/dL (RR 1.04, 95% CI 0.96-1.12). Ferumoxytol had less TEAEs compared to oral iron (RR 0.78, 95% CI 0.61-0.98), but more compared to placebo (RR 1.62, 95% CI 1.01-2.61). DISCUSSION Ferumoxytol is as efficacious and safe as alternative IV iron formulations with no clear safety concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jameel Abdulrehman
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University Healthy Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Grace H Tang
- Hematology Oncology Clinical Research Group, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Auerbach
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington DC, USA.,Auerbach Hematology and Oncology, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Michelle Sholzberg
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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[Chinese expert consensus on the application of intravenous iron (2019)]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2019; 40:358-362. [PMID: 31207697 PMCID: PMC7342231 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Patel D, Trivedi C, Khan N. Management of Anemia in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 16:112-128. [PMID: 29404920 DOI: 10.1007/s11938-018-0174-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Anemia is the most common complication as well as an extra intestinal manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It is associated with a significant impact on patient's quality of life (QoL); as well it represents a common cause of frequent hospitalization, delay of hospital inpatient discharge and overall increased healthcare burden. In spite of all these, anemia is still often underdiagnosed and undertreated. Our aim in this review is to provide a pathway for physicians to help them achieve early diagnosis as well as timely and appropriate treatment of anemia which in turn would hopefully reduce the prevalence and subsequent complications of this condition among IBD patients. RECENT FINDINGS The etiology of anemia among IBD patients is most commonly due to iron deficiency anemia (IDA) followed by anemia of chronic disease. Despite this, more than a third of anemic ulcerative colitis (UC) patients are not tested for IDA and among those tested and diagnosed with IDA, a quarter are not treated with iron replacement therapy. A new algorithm has been validated to predict who will develop moderate to severe anemia at the time of UC diagnosis. While oral iron is effective for the treatment of mild iron deficiency-related anemia, the absorption of iron is influenced by chronic inflammatory states as a consequence of the presence of elevated levels of hepcidin. Also, it is important to recognize that ferritin is elevated in chronic inflammatory states and among patients with active IBD, ferritin levels less than 100 are considered to be diagnostic of iron deficiency. Newer formulations of intra-venous (IV) iron have a good safety profile and can be used for replenishment of iron stores and prevention of iron deficiency in the future. Routine screening for anemia is important among patients with IBD. The cornerstone for the accurate management of anemia in IBD patients lies in accurately diagnosing the type of anemia. All IBD patients with IDA should be considered appropriate for therapy with iron supplementation whereas IV administration of iron is recommended in patients with clinically active IBD, or for patients who are previously intolerant to oral iron, with hemoglobin levels below 10 g/dL, and in patients who need erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs). As the recurrence of anemia is common after resolution, the monitoring for recurrent anemia is equally important during the course of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruvan Patel
- Section of Gastroenterology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chinmay Trivedi
- Section of Gastroenterology, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nabeel Khan
- Section of Gastroenterology, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Section of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- , 3900 Woodland Avenue, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Anemia and Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure — Clinical Update. JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY MEDICINE 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/jim-2017-0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractIron deficiency and anemia affect approximately half of the chronic heart failure patients and they are associated with increased hospitalization rate, lower functional capacity, lower quality of life, and higher mortality. The exact mechanism of iron deficiency in heart failure patients is still not fully understood. Current guidelines recommend ferritin as the most accurate serum biomarker for the diagnosis of iron deficiency. The use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents is no longer recommended because of the lack of improvement on mortality or hospital readmission rate, and it was associated with a higher rate of thromboembolic events. Intravenous iron replacement therapy is safe and generally well tolerated, with fewer side effects compared to oral administration. Large randomized studies with ferric carboxymaltose demonstrated its effectiveness and superiority to oral administration, and it was associated with a decreased rate of hospitalization rate and worsening heart failure, and improvement of functional capacity and quality of life. Intravenous iron supplementation for chronic heart failure is strongly recommended by European guidelines. Further studies are needed for a better knowledge of this complex pathology and determination of the long-term safety and effectiveness of iron administration in chronic heart failure patients. .
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Api O, Breyman C, Çetiner M, Demir C, Ecder T. Diagnosis and treatment of iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy and the postpartum period: Iron deficiency anemia working group consensus report. Turk J Obstet Gynecol 2015; 12:173-181. [PMID: 28913064 PMCID: PMC5558393 DOI: 10.4274/tjod.01700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), anemia is the most common disease, affecting >1.5 billion people worldwide. Furthermore, iron deficiency anemia (IDA) accounts for 50% of cases of anemia. IDA is common during pregnancy and the postpartum period, and can lead to serious maternal and fetal complications. The aim of this report was to present the experiences of a multidisciplinary expert group, and to establish reference guidelines for the optimal diagnosis and treatment of IDA during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Studies and guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of IDA published in Turkish and international journals were reviewed. Conclusive recommendations were made by an expert panel aiming for a scientific consensus. Measurement of serum ferritin has the highest sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of IDA unless there is a concurrent inflammatory condition. The lower threshold value for hemoglobin (Hb) in pregnant women is <11 g/dL during the 1st and 3rd trimesters, and <10.5 g/dL during the 2nd trimester. In postpartum period a Hb concentration <10 g/dL indicates clinically significant anemia. Oral iron therapy is given as the first-line treatment for IDA. Although current data are limited, intravenous (IV) iron therapy is an alternative therapeutic option in patients who do not respond to oral iron therapy, have adverse reactions, do not comply with oral iron treatment, have a very low Hb concentration, and require rapid iron repletion. IV iron preparations can be safely used for the treatment of IDA during pregnancy and the postpartum period, and are more beneficial than oral iron preparations in specific indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olus Api
- Yeditepe University Hospital, Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Christian Breyman
- Zurich University Hospital, Feto Maternal Hematology Unit, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mustafa Çetiner
- Koç University Faculty of Medicine American Hospital, Department of Hematology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Cansun Demir
- Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Adana, Turkey
| | - Tevfik Ecder
- İstanbul Bilim University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, İstanbul, Turkey
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Nishant, Kumari R. Surgical management in treatment of Jehovah's witness in trauma surgery in Indian subcontinent. J Emerg Trauma Shock 2014; 7:215-21. [PMID: 25114433 PMCID: PMC4126123 DOI: 10.4103/0974-2700.136868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Jehovah's Witness religion is a Christian movement, founded in the US in the 1870s, with 7 million followers worldwide with only 0.002% in India. There is minimal to complete absence of awareness about the existence of this community in our society. Astonishing is that fact that among medical professionals, there is almost no awareness about this unique population, regarding the fact that they completely refuse of blood transfusion even if it leads to their death. This is integral to their faith. Besides legal and ethical issues in treating these group of patients, the biggest challenge exist even in the western world is their management in trauma scenario where few options exist. We have discussed the issues and recommendations in management in trauma scenario in our Indian subcontinent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishant
- Department of Orthopedics and Spine Services, Rameshwaram Clinic, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Renu Kumari
- Department of Ear, Nose and Throat, Rameshwaram Clinic, Patna, Bihar, India
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Berend K, Levi M. Management of adult Jehovah's Witness patients with acute bleeding. Am J Med 2009; 122:1071-6. [PMID: 19958881 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2009.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2009] [Revised: 05/30/2009] [Accepted: 06/22/2009] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Because of the firm refusal of transfusion of blood and blood components by Jehovah's Witnesses, the management of Jehovah's Witness patients with severe bleeding is often complicated by medical, ethical, and legal concerns. Because of a rapidly growing and worldwide membership, physicians working in hospitals should be prepared to manage these patients. Appropriate management of a Jehovah's Witness patient with severe bleeding entails understanding of the legal and ethical issues involved, and meticulous medical management, including treatment of hypovolemic shock, local hemostatic interventions, and administration of prohemostatic agents, when appropriate. In addition, high-dose recombinant erythropoietin in combination with supplemental iron may enhance the speed of hemoglobin synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenrick Berend
- Department of Medicine, St. Elisabeth Hospital, Willemstad, Curaçao, Netherlands Antilles.
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Hershko C, Skikne B. Pathogenesis and Management of Iron Deficiency Anemia: Emerging Role of Celiac Disease, Helicobacter pylori, and Autoimmune Gastritis. Semin Hematol 2009; 46:339-50. [DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2009.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Effects of Anemia on Rehabilitation Outcomes in Elderly Patients in the Post-Acute Care Setting. TOPICS IN GERIATRIC REHABILITATION 2009. [DOI: 10.1097/tgr.0b013e3181b02d77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
The most severe consequence of iron depletion is iron deficiency anemia (IDA), and it is still considered the most common nutrition deficiency worldwide. Although the etiology of IDA is multifaceted, it generally results when the iron demands by the body are not met by iron absorption, regardless of the reason. Individuals with IDA have inadequate intake, impaired absorption or transport, physiologic losses associated with chronological or reproductive age, or chronic blood loss secondary to disease. In adults, IDA can result in a wide variety of adverse outcomes including diminished work or exercise capacity, impaired thermoregulation, immune dysfunction, GI disturbances, and neurocognitive impairment. In addition, IDA concomitant with chronic kidney disease or congestive heart failure can worsen the outcome of both conditions. In this review, the prevalence of IDA related to confounding medical conditions will be described along with its diverse etiologies. Distinguishing IDA from anemia of chronic disease using hematologic measures is reviewed as well. In addition, current diagnostic strategies that are inclusive of clinical presentation, biochemical tests, and differential diagnosis will be outlined, followed by a discussion of treatment modalities and future research recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan F Clark
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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