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Pereira A, Adekunle RD, Zaman M, Wan MJ. Association Between Vitamin Deficiencies and Ophthalmological Conditions. Clin Ophthalmol 2023; 17:2045-2062. [PMID: 37489231 PMCID: PMC10363387 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s401262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin deficiencies can have adverse effects on health, including on the visual system. The ocular manifestations of a vitamin deficiency are related to the underlying biochemical function of the particular nutrient. While vitamin deficiencies are not common in developed counties, they are still prevalent in parts of the developing world and in specific, vulnerable populations. Vitamin deficiencies can cause or contribute to many ophthalmological conditions and eye diseases may even be the first presenting finding of a vitamin deficiency. As such, it is important for ophthalmologists to be aware of the ocular manifestations of vitamin deficiencies, especially given that the complications can be severe and effectively treated if identified early. This review summarizes the literature on the main vitamins known to have characteristic ocular manifestations: vitamins A, B1, B2, B9, B12, C, D, E and K. The function, epidemiology, manifestations, workup, and management of each vitamin is discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Pereira
- University of Toronto Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - R Damilola Adekunle
- Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Michele Zaman
- Queen’s School of Medicine, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael J Wan
- University of Toronto Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Impact of clinico-biochemical variations on the etiopathogenesis of cataract: a case-control study. J Circ Biomark 2023; 12:1-11. [PMID: 36685068 PMCID: PMC9851602 DOI: 10.33393/jcb.2023.2479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Cataract is a major cause of blindness worldwide with a greater prevalence in developing countries like India. Owing to speculations about the relationship of various biochemical markers and cataract formation this case-control study was designed with the aim to know the impact of serum blood sugar, serum electrolytes and serum calcium on the etiopathogenesis of cataract in Kashmiri population. Methods: A total of 300 cases diagnosed with cataract and 360 healthy controls were taken for the study. Serum of all the cases and controls was analyzed for blood sugar and calcium using spectrometric techniques. Sodium and potassium were analyzed using Ion-Selective Electrode technology. All the investigations were done on ABBOTT c4000 fully automatic clinical chemistry analyzer. Results: Most of the patients in our study were ≥50 years of age having posterior subcapsular cataract. The mean levels of serum fasting blood sugar (mg/dL), serum sodium (mmol/L), serum potassium (mmol/L) and serum calcium (mg/dL) were 99.4 ± 7.7; 140.4 ± 2.5; 4.2 ± 0.5; and 8.9 ± 0.5, respectively, in cases compared to 107.7 ± 12.3; 142.9 ± 5.0; 3.8 ± 0.5; and 8.3 ± 1.7, respectively, in healthy controls. A significantly higher number of cataract cases had elevated serum glucose and sodium levels, low serum potassium and calcium levels compared to healthy controls. Conclusions: Hyperglycemia, hypernatremia, hypokalemia and hypocalcemia can independently increase the patients’ risk to cataracts. Corrections in these biochemical parameters may reduce cataract incidence.
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Pakhomova NA, Borisenko TE, Roshchin SV, Bursov AI, Kravchik MV, Novikov IA, Avetisov SE. [Features of accumulation of chemical elements in the volume of the lens in senile cataract]. Vestn Oftalmol 2023; 139:35-45. [PMID: 36924513 DOI: 10.17116/oftalma202313901135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study provides a detailed analysis of the bioinorganic chemical composition of lens substance in patients with senile cataract using classical and spatial statistics methods. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 30 isolated human lenses. The light scattering ability (LSA) of the lens substance was evaluated using an original method. Additionally, distribution of chemical elements in the lens substance was analyzed using a scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM/EDS). Measurements by all methods were carried out in a single coordinate space, which made it possible to compare the spatial correlation of different parameters. RESULTS Small-angle light scattering of the lens substance has been quantitatively characterized for the first time. In contrast to the conventional norm, in senile cataract the accumulation fields of the majority of ion-forming elements (including Na, P, K, Cl) are distributed along the lines repeating the geometry of the lens capsule. At the same time, the light scattering ability of certain areas of the lens is significantly correlated with changes in the concentrations of Na, P, K, Ca in these areas. In particular, one ion-forming element can be distinguished - Na: spatial change of its concentration in senile cataract is strongly associated with a local change in LSA of the lens with opacities clustering of any degree. Thus, a change in the nature of the Na accumulation in the lens volume can be considered the main marker of senile cataract formation. CONCLUSION The distribution pattern of ion-forming elements indicates that the loss of barrier properties in the capsule plays a significant role in the development of senile cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Pakhomova
- Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | - T E Borisenko
- Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | - S V Roshchin
- Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | - A I Bursov
- Ivannikov Institute for System Programming, Moscow, Russia
| | - M V Kravchik
- Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | - I A Novikov
- Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | - S E Avetisov
- Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia.,I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
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The contribution of individual residues of an aggregative hexapeptide derived from the human γD-crystallin to its amyloidogenicity. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 201:182-192. [PMID: 34998884 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Human γD-crystallin protein is abundant in the lens and is essential for preserving lens transparency. With age the protein may lose its native structure resulting in the formation of cataract. We recently reported an aggregative peptide, 41Gly-Cys-Trp-Met-Leu-Tyr46 from the human γD-crystallin, termed GDC6, exhibiting amyloidogenic properties in vitro. Here, we aimed to determine the contribution of each residue of the GDC6 to its amyloidogenicity. Molecular dynamic (MD) simulations revealed that the residues Trp, Leu, and Tyr played an important role in the amyloidogenicity of GDC6 by facilitating inter-peptide main-chain hydrogen bonds, and π-π interactions. MD predictions were further validated using single-, double- and triple-alanine-substituted GDC6 peptides in which their amyloidogenic propensity was individually evaluated using complementary biophysical techniques including Thioflavin T assay, turbidity assay, CD spectroscopy, and TEM imaging. Results revealed that the substitution of Trp, Leu, and Tyr together by Ala completely abolished aggregation of GDC6 in vitro, highlighting their importance in the amyloidogenicity of GDC6.
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Hampel U, Elflein HM, Kakkassery V, Heindl LM, Schuster AK. [Alterations of the anterior segment of the eye caused by exposure to UV radiation]. Ophthalmologe 2021; 119:234-239. [PMID: 34860283 DOI: 10.1007/s00347-021-01531-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND By identifying diseases of the anterior segment of the eye associated with exposure to UV light, recommendations for action can be derived. AIM After reading this review, the reader should be familiar with UV light-associated diseases of the anterior segment of the eye. METHOD Using a selective literature search, UV light-associated diseases of the anterior segment of the eye were identified and protective mechanisms are described. RESULTS The UV light-associated lesions of the anterior segment of the eye include basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas, malignant melanoma of the eyelids and conjunctiva, pterygium, keratoconjunctivitis photoelectrica and climatic droplet keratopathy as well as cortical cataract. CONCLUSION Eyeglasses for filtering UV light, sunglasses and special safety glasses, such as welding helmets and wearing headgear protect against UV light exposure to the anterior segment of the eye and the associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Hampel
- Poliklinik und Klinik, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Langenbeckstr 1, 55131, Mainz, Deutschland. .,Klinik und Poliklinik für Augenheilkunde, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Deutschland.
| | - Heike M Elflein
- Poliklinik und Klinik, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Langenbeckstr 1, 55131, Mainz, Deutschland
| | - V Kakkassery
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Deutschland
| | - Ludwig M Heindl
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Köln, Köln, Deutschland.,Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Aachen-Bonn-Köln-Düsseldorf, Köln, Deutschland
| | - Alexander K Schuster
- Poliklinik und Klinik, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Langenbeckstr 1, 55131, Mainz, Deutschland
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Correlation of Sunlight Exposure and Different Morphological Types of Age-Related Cataract. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:8748463. [PMID: 34805407 PMCID: PMC8604584 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8748463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The previous lab and clinical studies of the correlation between the ultraviolet B and age-related cataract (ARC) did not reach in the universal agreement, especially in different morphological types of ARC. It is important to systemically summarize those previous data of epidemiological studies, which might penetrate the relevance between three morphological types of ARC, cortical, nuclear, and posterior capsular (PSC), with sunlight exposure. Methods PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, Embase, and Cochrane were searched online. Data were extracted and recalculated, and quality check was performed by hand. Review Manager was used to perform the fixed effects meta-analysis on ARC and its morphological types. The highest exposed dose group was defined as the exposed group, and the lowest dose group as the control group as possible. Results Finally, the number of analyzed studies was 31: 20 for ARC and twelve, eleven, and nine for the morphological types cortical, nuclear, and PSC, respectively. The pooled OR for ARC was 1.15 (range 1.00~43.78, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.21). The cortical cataract revealed a slightly higher risk, and pooled OR was 1.03 (range 0.67~2.91, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.03). But the pooled OR for nuclear and PSC were 1.00 (range 0.50~5.35, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.00) and 0.99 (range 0.57~1.87, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.01), respectively. Conclusions The systemic analysis of epidemiological articles reported till now reveals a significantly increased risk of ARC for those exposed with more sunlight, especially the morphological type of cortical cataract.
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Quan Y, Du Y, Wu C, Gu S, Jiang JX. Connexin hemichannels regulate redox potential via metabolite exchange and protect lens against cellular oxidative damage. Redox Biol 2021; 46:102102. [PMID: 34474393 PMCID: PMC8408634 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased oxidative stress contributes to cataract formation during aging. Anterior epithelial cells are a frontline antioxidant defense system with powerful capacities to maintain redox homeostasis and lens transparency. In this study, we report a new molecular mechanism of connexin (Cx) hemichannels (HCs) in lens epithelial cells to protect lens against oxidative stress. Our results showed haploinsufficiency of Cx43 elevated oxidative stress and susceptibility to cataracts in the mouse lens. Cx43 HCs opened in response to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or ultraviolet radiation (UVR) in human lens epithelium HLE-B3 cells, and this activation contributed to a cellular protective mechanism against oxidative stress-induced apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, we found that Cx43 HCs mediated the exchange of oxidants and antioxidants in lens epithelial cells undergoing oxidative stress. These transporting activities facilitated a reduction of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and maintained the intracellular glutathione (GSH) level through the exchange of redox metabolites and change of anti-oxidative gene expression. In addition, we show that Cx43 HCs can be regulated by the intracellular redox state and this regulation is mediated by residue Cys260 located at the Cx43 C-terminus. Together, our results demonstrate that Cx43 HCs activated by oxidative stress in the lens epithelial cells play a key role in maintaining redox homeostasis in lens under oxidative stress. Our findings contribute to advancing our understanding of oxidative stress induced lens disorders, such as age-related non-congenital cataracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Quan
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Yu Du
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Changrui Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Sumin Gu
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jean X Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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Chen LJ, Chang YJ, Shieh CF, Yu JH, Yang MC. Relationship between practices of eye protection against solar ultraviolet radiation and cataract in a rural area. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255136. [PMID: 34324583 PMCID: PMC8321156 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cataract is a public health concern worldwide that differentially affects rural residents of outlying islands where ultraviolet radiation (UVR) may have greater penetration because of less shading. Objectives To assess the relationships between attitudes and practices of eye protection and eye diseases for residents of an offshore island of Taiwan. Methods Questionnaire survey was administered to local residents (age > 50 years) regarding socio-demographic information, attitudes/practices of eye protection under sun exposure and eye diseases. Results A total of 816 participants (response rate 90.7%, 816/900) completed the questionnaires. Mean age was 63.7 (+ 10.8) years. Among these participants, 44.4%, 15.1% and 8.3% had cataract, dry eye and glaucoma, respectively. Although 86.3% and 88.2% of participants agreed that they should avoid outdoor activities and wear glasses/broad-brimmed hats in harsh daylight, 69.4% and 48.3% of participants never/rarely used glasses or hats/umbrellas in harsh daylight, respectively. Predictors of less practices of eye protection against solar UVR included residents who were male, with lower education level, with longer residence and lack of commercial health insurance. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that practices of eye protection under sun exposure were significantly associated with less cataract, but not glaucoma or dry eye. Participants who did not wear glasses, broad-brimmed hats/use umbrellas or both in harsh sunlight (almost) every time were respectively associated with a 57% (P = 0.028), 45% (P = 0.027) or 70% (P = 0.026) increase of cataract than those who did in harsh sunlight (almost) every time. Conclusions Practices of eye protection under sun exposure is associated with lower risk of cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ju Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Heping Fuyou Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (LJ); (MY)
| | - Yun-Jau Chang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Zhongxing branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Jy-Haw Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Heping Fuyou Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chin Yang
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (LJ); (MY)
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Hatsusaka N, Yamamoto N, Miyashita H, Shibuya E, Mita N, Yamazaki M, Shibata T, Ishida H, Ukai Y, Kubo E, Cheng HM, Sasaki H. Association among pterygium, cataracts, and cumulative ocular ultraviolet exposure: A cross-sectional study in Han people in China and Taiwan. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253093. [PMID: 34129614 PMCID: PMC8205177 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Pterygium is an ocular surface disorder mainly caused by ultraviolet (UV) light exposure. This study explored the relationships between six cataract types with pterygium and UV exposure. Methods We have previously studied cataracts in residents of three regions in China and Taiwan with different UV intensities. From that study, we identified 1,547 subjects with information on the presence or absence of pterygium. Pterygium severity was graded by corneal progress rate. Cataracts were graded by classification systems as three main types (cortical, nuclear, posterior subcapsular) and three subtypes (retrodots, waterclefts, fiber folds) with high prevalence in middle-aged and elderly people. We calculated the cumulative ocular UV exposure (COUV) based on subject data and National Aeronautics and Space Administration data on UV intensities and used logistic regression to calculate odds ratios for the associations of COUV, cataract, and pterygium. Results We found an overall pterygium prevalence of 23.3%, with significant variation among the three regions. Four cataract types (cortical, nuclear, posterior subcapsular, and retrodots) were significantly associated with the presence of pterygium. Conclusions There was a significant association between COUV and pterygium, indicating that COUV is associated with the risk of pterygium development and that pterygium is useful as an index of UV exposure. Furthermore, the type of cataract in eyes with pterygium may indicate the level of UV exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuko Hatsusaka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
- Division of Vision Research for Environmental Health, Project Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamamoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
- Division of Vision Research for Environmental Health, Project Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hisanori Miyashita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Eri Shibuya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Norihiro Mita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Mai Yamazaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Teppei Shibata
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Ishida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yuki Ukai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Eri Kubo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Sasaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
- Division of Vision Research for Environmental Health, Project Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Kronschläger M, Ruiß M, Dechat T, Findl O. Single high-dose peroral caffeine intake inhibits ultraviolet radiation-induced apoptosis in human lens epithelial cells in vitro. Acta Ophthalmol 2021; 99:e587-e593. [PMID: 33124749 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to determine whether caffeine concentrations in human lens epithelial cells (LECs) achieved from acute peroral caffeine intake inhibit ultraviolet radiation-induced apoptosis in vitro. METHODS Patients were planned for cataract surgery of both eyes with a caffeine abstinence of 2 weeks in total, starting 1 week before surgery of the first eye. The second eye was scheduled 1 week after the first eye. At the day of the second eye surgery, patients were given coffee containing 180 mg caffeine shortly before surgery. Lens capsules including LEC, harvested after capsulorhexis, were transferred to a cell culture dish and immediately exposed to close to threshold ultraviolet radiation (UVR). At 24 hr after UVR exposure, apoptotic LECs were analysed by TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. RESULTS TUNEL-positive cells were detected in UVR-exposed lens capsules both after caffeine intake and in controls. The mean difference in TUNEL-positive cells between caffeine intake and contralateral controls (no caffeine) resulted in a 95% CI 15.3 ± 10.4% (degrees of freedom: 16). CONCLUSION Peroral caffeine consumption significantly decreased UVR-induced apoptosis in LEC supporting epidemiological findings that caffeine delays the onset of cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kronschläger
- Vienna Institute for Research in Ocular Surgery Hanusch Hospital Vienna Austria
| | - Manuel Ruiß
- Vienna Institute for Research in Ocular Surgery Hanusch Hospital Vienna Austria
| | - Thomas Dechat
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling 1st Medical Department Hanusch Hospital Vienna Austria
| | - Oliver Findl
- Vienna Institute for Research in Ocular Surgery Hanusch Hospital Vienna Austria
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The Protective Effects of Flavonoids in Cataract Formation through the Activation of Nrf2 and the Inhibition of MMP-9. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123651. [PMID: 33261005 PMCID: PMC7759919 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cataracts account for over half of global blindness. Cataracts formations occur mainly due to aging and to the direct insults of oxidative stress and inflammation to the eye lens. The nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a transcriptional factor for cell cytoprotection, is known as the master regulator of redox homeostasis. Nrf2 regulates nearly 600 genes involved in cellular protection against contributing factors of oxidative stress, including aging, disease, and inflammation. Nrf2 was reported to disrupt the oxidative stress that activates Nuclear factor-κB (NFκB) and proinflammatory cytokines. One of these cytokines is matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), which participates in the decomposition of lens epithelial cells (LECs) extracellular matrix and has been correlated with cataract development. Thus, during inflammatory processes, MMP production may be attenuated by the Nrf2 pathway or by the Nrf2 inhibition of NFκB pathway activation. Moreover, plant-based polyphenols have garnered attention due to their presumed safety and efficacy, nutritional, and antioxidant effects. Polyphenol compounds can activate Nrf2 and inhibit MMP-9. Therefore, this review focuses on discussing Nrf2's role in oxidative stress and cataract formation, epigenetic effect in Nrf2 activity, and the association between Nrf2 and MMP-9 in cataract development. Moreover, we describe the protective role of flavonoids in cataract formation, targeting Nrf2 activation and MMP-9 synthesis inhibition as potential molecular targets in preventing cataracts.
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Delbarre M, Froussart-Maille F. [Signs, symptoms, and clinical forms of cataract in adults]. J Fr Ophtalmol 2020; 43:653-659. [PMID: 32586638 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cataract is a partial or total opacification of the crystalline lens. In adults, cataract is acquired; the most common form is the age-related cataract. Assessment of the functional impact of a cataract is clinical. The common symptom is loss of visual acuity, but other symptoms (photophobia, monocular diplopia, myopic shift, change in color vision, etc.) may be found depending on the anatomical distribution of the opacities (nuclear, posterior subcapsular, cortical). Diagnosis is based on slit-lamp examination after pupillary dilation. This allows classification of the opacities according to their anatomical distribution and can help direct any etiologic work-up. A number of potential causes should be ruled out before concluding that a cataract is age-related. Cataracts may be iatrogenic, associated with other ocular or systemic disease, or induced by ocular trauma. Knowledge of the signs, symptoms, and clinical forms of cataract helps to establish proper indications for cataract surgery in accordance with preferred practice patterns in ophthalmology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Delbarre
- Service d'ophtalmologie, hôpital d'instruction des Armées Percy, 101, avenue Henri-Barbusse, BP 406, 92141 Clamart cedex, France.
| | - F Froussart-Maille
- Service d'ophtalmologie, hôpital d'instruction des Armées Percy, 101, avenue Henri-Barbusse, BP 406, 92141 Clamart cedex, France; École du Val-de-Grâce, 1, place Alphonse-Laveran, 75230 Paris Cedex 05, France
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13
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Pederson SL, Li Puma MC, Hayes JM, Okuda K, Reilly CM, Beasley JC, Li Puma LC, Hinton TG, Johnson TE, Freeman KS. Effects of chronic low-dose radiation on cataract prevalence and characterization in wild boar (Sus scrofa) from Fukushima, Japan. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4055. [PMID: 32132563 PMCID: PMC7055243 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59734-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated cataracts in wild boar exposed to chronic low-dose radiation. We examined wild boar from within and outside the Fukushima Exclusion Zone for nuclear, cortical, and posterior subcapsular (PSC) cataracts in vivo and photographically. Plausible upper-bound, lifetime radiation dose for each boar was estimated from radioactivity levels in each animal's home range combined with tissue concentrations of 134+137Cesium. Fifteen exposed and twenty control boar were evaluated. There were no significant differences in overall prevalence or score for cortical or PSC cataracts between exposed and control animals. Nuclear (centrally located) cataracts were significantly more prevalent in exposed boar (p < 0.05) and had statistically higher median scores. Plausible upper-bound, lifetime radiation dose ranged from 1 to 1,600 mGy in exposed animals, with no correlation between dose and cortical or PSC score. While radiation dose and nuclear score were positively associated, the impact of age could not be completely separated from the relationship. Additionally, the clinical significance of even the highest scoring nuclear cataract was negligible. Based on the population sampled, wild boar in the Fukushima Exclusion Zone do not have a significantly higher prevalence or risk of cortical or PSC cataracts compared to control animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Pederson
- Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
| | - Margaret C Li Puma
- Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
| | - Joshua M Hayes
- Environmental Radiological and Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
| | - Kei Okuda
- Institute of Environmental Radioactivity, Fukushima University, Fukushima, Japan
| | | | - James C Beasley
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory and Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Aiken, South Carolina, United States
| | - Lance C Li Puma
- Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
| | - Thomas G Hinton
- Institute of Environmental Radioactivity, Fukushima University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Thomas E Johnson
- Environmental Radiological and Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
| | - Kate S Freeman
- Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States.
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Association of cataract and sun exposure in geographically diverse populations of India: The CASE study. First Report of the ICMR-EYE SEE Study Group. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227868. [PMID: 31971985 PMCID: PMC6977762 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine the prevalence of cataract and its association with sun exposure and other environmental risk factors in three different geographically diverse populations of India. Design Population based cross sectional study during 2010–2016 Participants People aged ≥ 40 years residing in randomly sampled villages were enumerated (12021) and 9735 (81%) underwent ophthalmic evaluation from plains, hilly and coastal regions (3595, 3231, 2909 respectively) Methods A detailed questionnaire-based interview about outdoor activity in present, past and remote past, usage of sun protective measures, exposure to smoke, and detailed ophthalmic examination including assessment of uncorrected and best corrected visual acuity, measurement of intraocular pressure, slit lamp examination, lens opacities categorization using LOCS III and posterior segment evaluation was done. Lifetime effective sun exposure was calculated using Melbourne formula and expressed as quintiles. These were supplemented with physical environmental measurements. Main outcome measures Lifetime sun exposure hours, smoking, indoor kitchen smoke exposure and their association with cataract and subtypes. Prevalence of cataract calculated based on lens opacities or evidence of cataract surgery. Results Cataract was identified in 3231 (33.3%) participants. Prevalence of cataract in males (32.3%) and females (34.1%) was similar. Nuclear cataract was the commonest sub-type identified in 94.7% of affected eyes. Sun exposure had a significant association with cataract with odds ratio (OR) increasing from 1.6 (95% Confidence Intervals [CI]: 1.4, 1.9) in 3rd quintile, to 2.6 (CI: 2.2, 3.1) in 4th quintile and 9.4 (CI: 7.9, 11.2) in 5th quintile (p<0.0001). Cataract also showed a significant association with smoking (OR: 1.4, CI: 1.2, 1.6) and indoor kitchen smoke exposure (OR: 1.2, CI: 1.0–1.4). Nuclear cataract showed a positive association with increasing sun exposure in 3rd (β coefficient 0.5, CI:0.2–0.7), 4th (β: 0.9, CI: 0.7–1.1) and 5th (β: 2.1, CI:1.8–2.4) quintiles of sun exposure, smoking (β: 0.4, CI: 0.2–0.6) and indoor kitchen smoke exposure (β: 0.3, CI: 01–0.5) while cortical cataract showed a positive association with sun exposure only in 5th quintile (β: 2.6, CI:1.0–4.2). Posterior subcapsular cataract was not associated with any of the risk factors. Conclusion Cataract is associated with increasing level of sun exposure, smoking and exposure to indoor kitchen smoke.
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Epha2 genotype influences ultraviolet radiation induced cataract in mice. Exp Eye Res 2019; 188:107806. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.107806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Pakhomova NA, Borisenko TE, Novikov IA, Avetisov SE. Bioinorganic Markers of a Loss of the Crystalline Lens Capsule Barrier Properties and Consequent Age-Related Cataract Development. DOKLADY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTIONS 2019; 487:98-100. [PMID: 31571074 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496619040070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The age-related cataract development consequent upon a loss of the lens capsule barrier properties proved to be associated with accumulation of sodium, calcium, phosphorus and potassium. For the first time the use of spatial cluster and correlation analyses showed that the physical light scattering in the crystalline lens volume depends on changes in the lens matter elemental composition. The fields of elevated concentrations of sodium, calcium, phosphorus, potassium and chlorine conformed to the lens capsule geometry and their clustering was similar to that of opacity fields in the lens body. The accumulation geometry of the elements in the lens body that are commonly seen in the aqueous humor of the anterior chamber, can be considered evidence for excessive transitioning of their compounds through the lens capsule shell, while its spatial connection with transparency changes-proof of participation in cataractogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Pakhomova
- Research Institute of Eye Diseases, 119021, Moscow, Russia
| | - T E Borisenko
- Research Institute of Eye Diseases, 119021, Moscow, Russia
| | - I A Novikov
- Research Institute of Eye Diseases, 119021, Moscow, Russia.
| | - S E Avetisov
- Research Institute of Eye Diseases, 119021, Moscow, Russia.,Sechenov First Moscow Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, 119991, Moscow, Russia
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Clinical Aspects of Pterygium in the Presence of Cataract. CURRENT HEALTH SCIENCES JOURNAL 2019; 45:263-271. [PMID: 32042453 PMCID: PMC6993772 DOI: 10.12865/chsj.45.03.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Two of the most common UV-induced eye affections are pterygium and cataract. They are both defined as progressive diseases that impair patients’ vision and share some common elements in their evolution process. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the presence of cataract influences the clinical signs and symptoms of patients with pterygium. Therefore, we have analyzed 84 patients with pterygium, among which 23 also presented cataract, as an overall study lot, as well as divided by age decades. We have determined that almost all patients with both pterygium and cataract declared extensive UV exposure in antecedents and have also reported a blurred vision. We found no correlation between the presence of cataract and the size of pterygium lesions, or symptoms like foreign body sensation, tearing or symblepharon.
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Miyashita H, Hatsusaka N, Shibuya E, Mita N, Yamazaki M, Shibata T, Ishida H, Ukai Y, Kubo E, Sasaki H. Association between ultraviolet radiation exposure dose and cataract in Han people living in China and Taiwan: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215338. [PMID: 31022200 PMCID: PMC6483175 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We investigated associations between ocular ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure dose and cataract opacities among Han people living in China and Taiwan, to assess the effects of UV exposure intensity. Methods This cross-sectional study included Han people aged ≥40 years (1,801 individuals, 450 in Sanya, 636 in Taiyuan, and 715 in Taichung) as subjects who completed a questionnaire including items about diabetes, smoking, steroid use, work history, and time spent outdoors, and underwent an ophthalmic examination. Right eye axial length was measured using A-mode ultrasonography or IOLMaster. Slit-lamp imaging under maximum mydriasis was used to classify cataracts into three major types [cortical (COR), nuclear (NUC), and posterior subcapsular cataracts (PSC)] and two subtypes [retrodots (RD) and waterclefts (WC)] by one ophthalmologist. COR was divided into opacity presence (CEN+) or absence (CEN-) in the central 3-mm diameter area of the pupil. COR was also subdivided into three groups according to opacity shape: axle-shaped opacity concomitant with WC, wedge-shaped opacity around the pupil to the eye center, and ring-shaped opacity in the lens equator along the pupillary margin. The cumulative ocular UV exposure (COUV) was calculated. A logistic regression analysis was used for multivariate analysis. Results Cataract odds ratios in high COUV eyes were 5.35 for NUC, 1.87 for PSC, and 1.35 for RD. In eyes with WC, risk of COR ring-shaped opacity significantly increased but that of wedge-shaped opacity (CEN+) significantly decreased. In eyes without WC, risk of COR axle-shaped opacity (CEN–) and ring-shaped opacity significantly increased but that of wedge-shaped opacity (CEN+) significantly decreased. Conclusions Increased COUV level among Han people may be a risk factor for the development of nuclear cataracts, PSC, retrodots and ring-shaped cortical cataract. Risk of ocular UV exposure for cortical cataract may differ by opacity shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisanori Miyashita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Natsuko Hatsusaka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Eri Shibuya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Norihiro Mita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Mai Yamazaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Teppei Shibata
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Ishida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Yuki Ukai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Eri Kubo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sasaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Hsia NY, Tsai YY, Lin CL, Chiang CC. Increased risk of peptic ulcer in patients with early-onset cataracts: A nationwide population-based study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207193. [PMID: 30412615 PMCID: PMC6226190 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Early-onset cataracts (EOC) are associated with an increased inflammatory response; therefore, a potential risk of other inflammatory diseases, like peptic ulcer, may be related. This study investigated the risk of peptic ulcer after being diagnosed with EOC. Retrospective claims data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database were analyzed. Study subjects comprised patients with EOC (International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification [ICD-9- CM] codes 366.00, 366.01, 366.02, 366.03, 366.04, 366.09, 366.17 and 366.18), aged 20–55 years and newly diagnosed between 2000 and 2010 (n = 1910), and a comparison cohort without the disease (n = 7515). Both cohorts were followed up until 2010 to estimate the incidences of peptic ulcer. We used the Poisson regression model to compare incidence rate ratios and the 95% confidence interval (CI). Cox proportional hazards regression was used to assess the hazard ratio (HR) of peptic ulcer associated with EOC. The overall incidence rate of peptic ulcer was higher in the EOC cohort than in the comparison cohort (10.3 vs 7.68 per 1000 person-years) with an adjusted HR of 1.33 (95% CI = 1.05, 1.69). The present study suggests that patients with EOC are at an increased risk of being diagnosed with peptic ulcer in subsequent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Yi Hsia
- Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, China Medical University College of Medicine, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Yu Tsai
- Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, China Medical University College of Medicine, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Li Lin
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University College of Public Health, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chi Chiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, China Medical University College of Medicine, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Delavar A, Freedman DM, Velazquez-Kronen R, Little MP, Kitahara CM, Alexander BH, Linet MS, Cahoon EK. Ultraviolet radiation and incidence of cataracts in a nationwide US cohort. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2018; 25:403-411. [PMID: 30095320 PMCID: PMC10655928 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2018.1501077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We examine the risk of cataract and cataract surgery with measures of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure and UVR sensitivity in a large, nationwide population of indoor workers. METHODS Participants from the US Radiologic Technologists Study were followed from age at baseline survey (2003-2005) to age at earliest of cataract diagnosis, cataract surgery, or completion of last survey (2012-2013). UVR-related factors included satellite-based ambient UVR linked to lifetime residences, time spent outdoors across various age periods, history of blistering sunburns, prior diagnosis of keratinocyte carcinoma, and iris color. We used Cox proportional hazards models with age as timescale to compute hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for cataract and cataract surgery. RESULTS Participants had a median age of entry of 54.0 years, were 80.0% female, and 95.7% white. Of the 44, 891 eligible participants, 9399 cases of cataract and 3826 cases of cataract surgery were reported. Ambient UVR (quintile 5 vs. 1) was associated with an increased risk of cataract (HR = 1.08; 95% CI: 1.01-1.16) and cataract surgery (HR = 1.16; 95% CI: 1.05-1.29). Lifetime average time spent outdoors was not associated with cataract risk. History of blistering sunburns before and after age 15, but not previous keratinocyte carcinoma diagnosis was associated with both cataract and cataract surgery. CONCLUSION Our results suggest a modest role for residence-based ambient UVR and cataract risk among indoor workers in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Delavar
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - D. Michal Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Raquel Velazquez-Kronen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark P. Little
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Cari M. Kitahara
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Bruce H. Alexander
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Martha S. Linet
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Elizabeth K. Cahoon
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Gross J, Wegener AR, Kronschläger M, Holz FG, Schönfeld CL, Meyer LM. Ultraviolet radiation exposure triggers neurokinin-1 receptor upregulation in ocular tissues in vivo. Exp Eye Res 2018; 174:70-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Xin S, Luan D, Wang X, Wang F, Liu Y, Gao Q. Relationship between cumulative ultraviolet exposure and cognitive function in a rural elderly Chinese population. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2018; 33:1121-1126. [PMID: 29790199 DOI: 10.1002/gps.4902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Some researchers have focused on the relationship between vitamin D and cognition, but the conclusions are inconsistent. We estimated cumulative UV exposure could be used to represent the individual's long-term vitamin D status and investigated its association with global cognitive function in elderly Chinese. METHODS A total of 641 participants aged 60 years and over were recruited in a rural area of Shenyang, China. All were interviewed to obtain data regarding sociodemographic characteristics and time spent outdoors. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Beijing version (MoCA-BJ). Images of skin from UV-exposed (dorsal hand) and UV-protected (inner forearm) sites from each individual were graded by the Beagley-Gibson system. Differences in skin-grade between the 2 sites were used to indicate cumulative UV exposure level. Subjects were grouped in tertiles based on skin-grade differences (<1.75, 1.75-2.74, and ≥ 2.75), representing low, medium, and high UV exposure levels, respectively. The MoCA-BJ score was classified in tertiles as low (<19), middle (19-22), and high (≥23) levels of cognition. Associations between cognitive function and UV exposure were analyzed using ordinal regression. RESULTS Skin-grade differences were associated with self-reported time spent outdoors. After adjustment for age, gender, education, BMI, whether living alone, income, diet, hypertension, and diabetes, a high UV exposure level was associated with better cognitive function (odds ratio = 0.643, 95% confidence interval = 0.427-0.969). CONCLUSIONS Greater cumulative UV exposure appears to be associated with better cognitive function in elderly adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimeng Xin
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dechun Luan
- Institute for Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Liaoning Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang, China
| | - Xue Wang
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fang Wang
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qian Gao
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Trang N, Lalonde G, Dubé Y, Bourgault S, Rochette PJ. Short wavelengths filtering properties of sunglasses on the Canadian market: are we protected? Can J Ophthalmol 2018; 53:104-109. [PMID: 29631819 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjo.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to solar radiation is a risk factor for multiple ocular pathologies. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is involved in ocular diseases, including pterygium, ocular surface squamous neoplasia, and cataracts. High-energy visible light (HEV) is associated with age-related macular degeneration. Ocular protection against solar radiation seems essential to protect our eyes against the adverse effects of those harmful rays. Australia, New Zealand, Europe, and the United States are the only regions with mandatory standards for UV transmission for sunglasses. Adherence to Canadian standards by sunglasses manufacturers is not mandatory. In this study, we evaluated the UV and visible transmission of sunglasses in the Canadian market to test their compliance with Canadian standards. METHODS The transmittance of 207 pairs of sunglasses, divided in 3 categories according to their price range, was measured. RESULTS We show that close to 100% of the sunglasses tested respect the Canadian standards. The average HEV transmittance is around 10%, regardless the price range. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that even if following Canadian standards is optional, most sunglasses sold on the Canadian market follow national and international standards. We also found that sunglasses filter around 90% of HEV. With the recent findings on the potential effects of HEV in retinal pathologies, we can ask whether this filtering capacity is sufficient to protect eyes from harmful HEV light. More work needs to be done to determine acceptable HEV light transmission limits to the existing Canadian standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataly Trang
- Département d'ophtalmologie et d'ORL-CCF, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Que; Centre universitaire d'ophtalmologie, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, CHU de Québec, Québec, Que; Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Québec, Que
| | - Gilles Lalonde
- Département d'ophtalmologie et d'ORL-CCF, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Que; Centre universitaire d'ophtalmologie, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, CHU de Québec, Québec, Que
| | - Yolande Dubé
- Département d'ophtalmologie et d'ORL-CCF, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Que; Centre universitaire d'ophtalmologie, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, CHU de Québec, Québec, Que
| | - Serge Bourgault
- Département d'ophtalmologie et d'ORL-CCF, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Que; Centre universitaire d'ophtalmologie, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, CHU de Québec, Québec, Que
| | - Patrick J Rochette
- Département d'ophtalmologie et d'ORL-CCF, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Que; Centre universitaire d'ophtalmologie, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, CHU de Québec, Québec, Que; Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Québec, Que; Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Université Laval, Québec, Que.
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Zoric L, Elek-Vlajic S, Jovanovic M, Kisic B, Djokic O, Canadanovic V, Cosic V, Jaksic V. Oxidative Stress Intensity in Lens and Aqueous Depending on Age-Related Cataract Type and Brunescense. Eur J Ophthalmol 2018; 18:669-74. [DOI: 10.1177/112067210801800501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Cataract formation represents a serious problem in the elderly, and has a large impact on healthcare budget. The oxidative stress form and intensity might determine the cataract type and pigmentation, making efforts in the cataract prevention challenge more complex. Methods This is a retrospective cross-sectional review of 80 samples of aqueous humor and lens corticonuclear blocks. Aqueous samples were analyzed by the method of antioxidant activity estimation (%iMDA), while lipid peroxides (LP) and total sulfhydryl groups (TSH) were determined in lenses. Results Mixed and brunescent cataracts have statistically significant lower values of antioxidative %iMDA and TSH (p<0.001 for both parameters) and higher values of lipid peroxidation (p<0.001). No correlation between LP and TSH with maturity of cortical cataract was found, but there was a significant correlation with the %iMDA (p<0.05). Conclusions The role of the oxidative stress in cataractogenesis could not be the same for all cataract types. High level of lipid peroxides in pigmented cataracts may point to the different nature of pigment source than proteins solely, whereas lipid peroxidation and SH groups consumption in cortical cataractogenesis might be of less importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Zoric
- Clinic for Eye Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Settlement Kosovska Mitrovica, Belgrade
| | - S. Elek-Vlajic
- Clinic for Eye Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Settlement Kosovska Mitrovica, Belgrade
| | - M. Jovanovic
- Institute for Eye Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade
| | - B. Kisic
- Biochemistry Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Settlement Kosovska Mitrovica, Novi Sad
| | - O. Djokic
- Clinic for Eye Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Settlement Kosovska Mitrovica, Belgrade
| | | | - V. Cosic
- Biochemistry Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Nis - Serbia
| | - V. Jaksic
- Clinic for Eye Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Settlement Kosovska Mitrovica, Belgrade
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Dubicanac M, Strueve J, Mestre-Frances N, Verdier JM, Zimmermann E, Joly M. Photoperiodic regime influences onset of lens opacities in a non-human primate. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3258. [PMID: 28484672 PMCID: PMC5420196 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Opacities of the lens are typical age-related phenomena which have a high influence on photoreception and consequently circadian rhythm. In mouse lemurs, a small bodied non-human primate, a high incidence (more than 50% when >seven years) of cataracts has been previously described during aging. Previous studies showed that photoperiodically induced accelerated annual rhythms alter some of mouse lemurs’ life history traits. Whether a modification of photoperiod also affects the onset of age dependent lens opacities has not been investigated so far. The aim of this study was therefore to characterise the type of opacity and the mouse lemurs’ age at its onset in two colonies with different photoperiodic regimen. Methods Two of the largest mouse lemur colonies in Europe were investigated: Colony 1 having a natural annual photoperiodic regime and Colony 2 with an induced accelerated annual cycle. A slit-lamp was used to determine opacities in the lens. Furthermore, a subset of all animals which showed no opacities in the lens nucleus in the first examination but developed first changes in the following examination were further examined to estimate the age at onset of opacities. In total, 387 animals were examined and 57 represented the subset for age at onset estimation. Results The first and most commonly observable opacity in the lens was nuclear sclerosis. Mouse lemurs from Colony 1 showed a delayed onset of nuclear sclerosis compared to mouse lemurs from Colony 2 (4.35 ± 1.50 years vs. 2.75 ± 0.99 years). For colony 1, the chronological age was equivalent to the number of seasonal cycles experienced by the mouse lemurs. For colony 2, in which seasonal cycles were accelerated by a factor of 1.5, mouse lemurs had experienced 4.13 ± 1.50 seasonal cycles in 2.75 ± 0.99 chronological years. Discussion Our study showed clear differences in age at the onset of nuclear sclerosis formation between lemurs kept under different photoperiodic regimes. Instead of measuring the chronological age, the number of seasonal cycles (N = four) experienced by a mouse lemur can be used to estimate the risk of beginning nuclear sclerosis formation. Ophthalmological examinations should be taken into account when animals older than 5–6 seasonal cycles are used for experiments in which unrestricted visual ability has to be ensured. This study is the first to assess and demonstrate the influence of annual photoperiod regime on the incidence of lens opacities in a non-human primate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Dubicanac
- Institute of Zoology, Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, Hanover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Julia Strueve
- Clinic for Small Animals, Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, Hanover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Nadine Mestre-Frances
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms in Neurodegenerative Diseases Inserm U1198, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Michel Verdier
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms in Neurodegenerative Diseases Inserm U1198, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Elke Zimmermann
- Institute of Zoology, Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, Hanover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Marine Joly
- Centre for Comparative and Evolutionary Psychology, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
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Anbaraki A, Khoshaman K, Ghasemi Y, Yousefi R. Preventive role of lens antioxidant defense mechanism against riboflavin-mediated sunlight damaging of lens crystallins. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 91:895-904. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Nita M, Grzybowski A. The Role of the Reactive Oxygen Species and Oxidative Stress in the Pathomechanism of the Age-Related Ocular Diseases and Other Pathologies of the Anterior and Posterior Eye Segments in Adults. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:3164734. [PMID: 26881021 PMCID: PMC4736974 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3164734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 808] [Impact Index Per Article: 101.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The reactive oxygen species (ROS) form under normal physiological conditions and may have both beneficial and harmful role. We search the literature and current knowledge in the aspect of ROS participation in the pathogenesis of anterior and posterior eye segment diseases in adults. ROS take part in the pathogenesis of keratoconus, Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy, and granular corneal dystrophy type 2, stimulating apoptosis of corneal cells. ROS play a role in the pathogenesis of glaucoma stimulating apoptotic and inflammatory pathways on the level of the trabecular meshwork and promoting retinal ganglion cells apoptosis and glial dysfunction in the posterior eye segment. ROS play a role in the pathogenesis of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy and traumatic optic neuropathy. ROS induce apoptosis of human lens epithelial cells. ROS promote apoptosis of vascular and neuronal cells and stimulate inflammation and pathological angiogenesis in the course of diabetic retinopathy. ROS are associated with the pathophysiological parainflammation and autophagy process in the course of the age-related macular degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Nita
- Domestic and Specialized Medicine Centre “Dilmed”, Ulica Bohaterów Monte Cassino 3, 40-231 Katowice, Poland
| | - Andrzej Grzybowski
- Department of Ophthalmology, Poznan City Hospital, Ulica Szwajcarska 3, 61-285 Poznań, Poland
- Chair of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty, University of Warmia and Mazury, Ulica Żołnierska 14 C, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
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28
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Zamanian Z, Mortazavi SMJ, Asmand E, Nikeghbal K. Assessment of Health Consequences of Steel Industry Welders' Occupational Exposure to Ultraviolet Radiation. Int J Prev Med 2015; 6:123. [PMID: 26900437 PMCID: PMC4736055 DOI: 10.4103/2008-7802.172379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Welding is among the most important frequently used processes in the industry with a wide range of applications from the food industry to aerospace and from precision tools to shipbuilding. The aim of this study was to assess the level of steel industry welders' exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation and to investigate the health impacts of these exposures. METHODS In this case-control study, we measured the intensity of UV at the workers' wrist in Fars Steel Company through manufacture of different types of heavy metal structures, using UV-meter model 666230 made by Leybold Co., from Germany. RESULTS The population under the study comprised 400 people including 200 welders as the exposed group and 200 nonwelders as the unexposed group. The results of the questionnaire were analyzed using SPSS software, version 19. The average, standard deviation, maximum and minimum of the UV at the welders' wrist were 0.362, 0.346, 1.27, and 0.01 μW/cm(2), respectively. There was a significantly (P < 0.01) higher incidence of cataracts, keratoconjunctivitis, dermatitis and erythema in welders than in their nonwelders. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that the time period of UV exposure in welders is higher than the permissible contact threshold level. Therefore, considering the outbreak of the eye and skin disorders in the welders, decreasing exposure time, reducing UV radiation level, and using personal protective equipment seem indispensable. As exposure to UV radiation can be linked to different types of skin cancer, skin aging, and cataract, welders should be advised to decrease their occupational exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Zamanian
- Occupational Health Department, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saied Mohammad Javad Mortazavi
- Medical Physics and Medical Engineering Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Asmand
- Occupational Health Department, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kiana Nikeghbal
- Postgraduate Student of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Delcourt C, Korobelnik JF, Buitendijk GHS, Foster PJ, Hammond CJ, Piermarocchi S, Peto T, Jansonius N, Mirshahi A, Hogg RE, Bretillon L, Topouzis F, Deak G, Grauslund J, Broe R, Souied EH, Creuzot-Garcher C, Sahel J, Daien V, Lehtimäki T, Hense HW, Prokofyeva E, Oexle K, Rahi JS, Cumberland PM, Schmitz-Valckenberg S, Fauser S, Bertelsen G, Hoyng C, Bergen A, Silva R, Wolf S, Lotery A, Chakravarthy U, Fletcher A, Klaver CCW. Ophthalmic epidemiology in Europe: the "European Eye Epidemiology" (E3) consortium. Eur J Epidemiol 2015; 31:197-210. [PMID: 26686680 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-015-0098-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The European Eye Epidemiology (E3) consortium is a recently formed consortium of 29 groups from 12 European countries. It already comprises 21 population-based studies and 20 other studies (case-control, cases only, randomized trials), providing ophthalmological data on approximately 170,000 European participants. The aim of the consortium is to promote and sustain collaboration and sharing of data and knowledge in the field of ophthalmic epidemiology in Europe, with particular focus on the harmonization of methods for future research, estimation and projection of frequency and impact of visual outcomes in European populations (including temporal trends and European subregions), identification of risk factors and pathways for eye diseases (lifestyle, vascular and metabolic factors, genetics, epigenetics and biomarkers) and development and validation of prediction models for eye diseases. Coordinating these existing data will allow a detailed study of the risk factors and consequences of eye diseases and visual impairment, including study of international geographical variation which is not possible in individual studies. It is expected that collaborative work on these existing data will provide additional knowledge, despite the fact that the risk factors and the methods for collecting them differ somewhat among the participating studies. Most studies also include biobanks of various biological samples, which will enable identification of biomarkers to detect and predict occurrence and progression of eye diseases. This article outlines the rationale of the consortium, its design and presents a summary of the methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Delcourt
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISPED, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076, Bordeaux Cedex, France. .,INSERM, Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, 33000, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Jean-François Korobelnik
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISPED, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076, Bordeaux Cedex, France.,INSERM, Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, 33000, Bordeaux, France.,Service d'Ophtalmologie, CHU de Bordeaux, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Gabriëlle H S Buitendijk
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J Foster
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - Christopher J Hammond
- Department of Ophthalmology, Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | | | - Tunde Peto
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - Nomdo Jansonius
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alireza Mirshahi
- Department Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ruth E Hogg
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Lionel Bretillon
- INRA, UMR1324 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, 21000, Dijon, France.,CNRS, UMR6265 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, 21000, Dijon, France.,Université de Bourgogne, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Fotis Topouzis
- Laboratory of Research and Clinical Applications in Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Gabor Deak
- Vienna Reading Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jakob Grauslund
- Research Unit of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Ophthalmology, Odense University Hospital, 5000, Odense, Denmark
| | - Rebecca Broe
- Research Unit of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Ophthalmology, Odense University Hospital, 5000, Odense, Denmark
| | - Eric H Souied
- Service d'ophtalmologie, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Creteil, CRC, CRB, Universite Paris Est, Creteil, France
| | - Catherine Creuzot-Garcher
- INRA, UMR1324 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, 21000, Dijon, France.,CNRS, UMR6265 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, 21000, Dijon, France.,Université de Bourgogne, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, 21000, Dijon, France.,Department of Ophthalmology, CHU, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - José Sahel
- Institut de la Vision, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 968, Paris, 75012, France.,INSERM, U968, 75012, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR_7210, 75012, Paris, France.,Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, INSERM-DHOS CIC 1423, 75012, Paris, France.,Fondation Ophtalmologique Rothschild, 75019, Paris, France.,Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Vincent Daien
- INSERM, U1061, 34093, Montpellier, France.,Univ Montpellier 1, 34000, Montpellier, France.,Department of Ophthalmology, Gui De Chauliac Hospital, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland.,University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland
| | - Hans-Werner Hense
- Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University Münster, 48129, Münster, Germany
| | - Elena Prokofyeva
- INSERM, U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Epidemiology of Occupational and Social Determinants of Health, Villejuif, France.,Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin, Villejuif, France.,Northern State Medical University, Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - Konrad Oexle
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Jugnoo S Rahi
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, EC1V 2PD, UK.,Population, Policy and Practice Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, WC1N 1EH, UK.,Ulverscroft Vision Research Group, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Phillippa M Cumberland
- Population, Policy and Practice Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, WC1N 1EH, UK.,Ulverscroft Vision Research Group, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | | | - Sascha Fauser
- Center of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Cologne, 50924, Cologne, Germany
| | - Geir Bertelsen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Carel Hoyng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Arthur Bergen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rufino Silva
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sebastian Wolf
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrew Lotery
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Usha Chakravarthy
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Astrid Fletcher
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Caroline C W Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Rao P, Millen AE, Meyers KJ, Liu Z, Voland R, Sondel S, Tinker L, Wallace RB, Blodi BA, Binkley N, Sarto G, Robinson J, LeBlanc E, Mares JA. The Relationship Between Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels and Nuclear Cataract in the Carotenoid Age-Related Eye Study (CAREDS), an Ancillary Study of the Women's Health Initiative. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2015; 56:4221-30. [PMID: 26132781 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-16835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels and nuclear cataract among participants of the Carotenoids in Age-Related Eye Disease Study (CAREDS), an ancillary study of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) Observational Study (OS). METHODS Nuclear cataract was assessed from slit lamp photographs (2001-2004) taken 6 years after collecting serum analyzed for 25(OH)D levels at WHI baseline (1994-1998) in 1278 CAREDS participants age 50 to 79 years. Multivariate (age, iris color, smoking, pulse pressure) odds ratios (ORs) for nuclear cataract (nuclear opacities > level 4 or cataract extraction) by quintiles of serum 25(OH)D were estimated using logistic regression. RESULTS No significant association was observed between serum 25(OH)D and nuclear cataract among women of all ages (age-adjusted OR [95% confidence interval (CI)] 0.97 [0.65-1.45]). However, there was a significant age interaction (P for interaction = 0.04). There were no significant associations in the women 70 years or older. In women younger than 70 years, we observed an inverse association between serum 25(OH)D and nuclear cataract (multivariate adjusted ORs [95% CI] 0.54 [0.29-0.99] and 0.66 [0.36-1.20] for quintiles 4 and 5 vs. 1, respectively; P = 0.03). Further adjustment for 25(OH)D determinants (body mass index, vitamin D intake, and UVB exposure) attenuated this association. CONCLUSIONS Serum 25(OH)D levels were unrelated to nuclear opacities in this study sample. However, exploratory analyses suggest a protective association in women younger than 70 years. Further investigations of the relationship between vitamin D and nuclear lens opacities are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prethy Rao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Amy E Millen
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Kristin J Meyers
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Zhe Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Rickie Voland
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Sheri Sondel
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Lesley Tinker
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Robert B Wallace
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Barbara A Blodi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Neil Binkley
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Gloria Sarto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Jennifer Robinson
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Erin LeBlanc
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Julie A Mares
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
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Tang Y, Ji Y, Ye X, Wang X, Cai L, Xu J, Lu Y. The Association of Outdoor Activity and Age-Related Cataract in a Rural Population of Taizhou Eye Study: Phase 1 Report. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135870. [PMID: 26284359 PMCID: PMC4540437 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To study the relationship between outdoor activity and risk of age-related cataract (ARC) in a rural population of Taizhou Eye Study (phrase 1 report). Method A population-based, cross-sectional study of 2006 eligible rural adults (≥45 years old) from Taizhou Eye Study was conducted from Jul. to Sep. 2012. Participants underwent detailed ophthalmologic examinations including uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), slit lamp and fundus examinations as well as questionnaires about previous outdoor activity and sunlight protection methods. ARC was recorded by LOCSⅢ classification system. The prevalence of cortical, nuclear and posterior subcapsular cataract were assessed separately for the risk factors and its association with outdoor activity. Results Of all 2006 eligible participants, 883 (44.0%) adults were diagnosed with ARC. The prevalence rates of cortical, nuclear and posterior subcapsular cataract per person were 41.4%, 30.4% and 1.5%, respectively. Women had a higher tendency of nuclear and cortical cataract than men (OR = 1.559, 95% CI 1.204–2.019 and OR = 1.862, 95% CI 1.456–2.380, respectively). Adults with high myopia had a higher prevalence of nuclear cataract than adults without that (OR = 2.528, 95% CI 1.055–6.062). Multivariable logistic regression revealed that age was risk factor of nuclear (OR = 1.190, 95% CI 1.167–1.213) and cortical (OR = 1.203, 95% CI 1.181–1.226) cataract; eyes with fundus diseases was risk factor of posterior subcapsular cataract (OR = 6.529, 95% CI 2.512–16.970). Outdoor activity was an independent risk factor of cortical cataract (OR = 1.043, 95% CI 1.004–1.083). The risk of cortical cataract increased 4.3% (95% CI 0.4%-8.3%) when outdoor activity time increased every one hour. Furthermore, the risk of cortical cataract increased 1.1% (95% CI 0.1%-2.0%) when cumulative UV-B exposure time increased every one year. Conclusion Outdoor activity was an independent risk factor for cortical cataract, but was not risk factor for nuclear and posterior subcapsular cataract. The risk of cortical cataract increased 4.3% when outdoor activity time increased every one hour. In addition, the risk of cortical cataract increased 1.1% (95% CI 0.1%-2.0%) when cumulative UV-B exposure time increased every one year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
- Myopia Key Laboratory of the Health Ministry & Visual Impairment and Reconstruction Key Laboratory of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinghong Ji
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
- Myopia Key Laboratory of the Health Ministry & Visual Impairment and Reconstruction Key Laboratory of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofang Ye
- Fudan University and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Pudong Meteorological Service, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Fudan-Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, 1 Yaocheng Road, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lei Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
- Myopia Key Laboratory of the Health Ministry & Visual Impairment and Reconstruction Key Laboratory of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianming Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Pudong Meteorological Service, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
- Myopia Key Laboratory of the Health Ministry & Visual Impairment and Reconstruction Key Laboratory of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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Abengózar-Vela A, Arroyo C, Reinoso R, Enríquez-de-Salamanca A, Corell A, González-García MJ. In VitroModel for Predicting the Protective Effect of Ultraviolet-Blocking Contact Lens in Human Corneal Epithelial Cells. Curr Eye Res 2014; 40:792-9. [DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2014.958171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Duquia RP, Menezes AMB, Almeida HLD, Reichert FF, Santos IDSD, Haack RL, Horta BL. Prevalence of sun exposure and its associated factors in southern Brazil: a population-based study. An Bras Dermatol 2014; 88:554-61. [PMID: 24068126 PMCID: PMC3760930 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20132122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sunlight exposure is responsible for a large number of dermatological diseases.
OBJECTIVE We estimated the prevalence of sunlight exposure and its associated factors in
adults from southern Brazil in a cross-sectional, population-based study. METHODS We investigated a representative sample of individuals aged ≥ 20 years
(n=3,136). Sunlight exposure and its associated factors were evaluated in two
distinct situations: at leisure time and at work. The time period investigated
ranged from December 2004 to March 2005, comprising 120 days of the highest
ultraviolet index in the urban area of the city of Pelotas, in southern Brazil.
The participants were asked about sunlight exposure for at least 20 minutes
between 10 A.M. and 4 P.M. The analysis was stratified by sex, and sunlight
exposure was grouped into five categories. RESULTS Among the 3,136 participants, prevalence of sunlight exposure at the beach was
32.8% (95% CI, 30.3 - 35.2) and 26.3% (95% CI, 24.2 28.3) among men and women,
respectively. The prevalence at work was 39.8% (95% CI, 37.2 - 42.4) among men and
10.5% (95% CI, 9.1 - 12.0) among women. Age was inversely associated with sunlight
exposure. Family income and achieved schooling were positively associated with
sunlight exposure at leisure time and inversely associated with sunglight exposure
at work. Self-reported skin color was not associated. Knowledge of any friend or
relative who has been affected by skin cancer was positively associated with
sunlight exposure among men at work. CONCLUSION Despite the media campaigns on the harmful effects of excessive sunlight exposure,
we found a high prevalence of sunlight exposure during a period of high
ultraviolet index.
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Sun-tanning perceptions of a new zealand urban population (1994-2005/6). J Skin Cancer 2014; 2014:135473. [PMID: 24660064 PMCID: PMC3934719 DOI: 10.1155/2014/135473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Sun-tanning perceptions are monitored to identify changes and help refine targeting of skin cancer prevention messages. Aim. To investigate associations between perceptions of sun-tanning and demographic factors among a New Zealand urban population, 1994–2006. Methods. A telephone survey series was conducted during summer in 1994, 1997, 1999/2000, 2002/2003, and 2005/2006. Demographic and personal information (sex, age group, skin sun-sensitivity, and self-defined ethnicity) obtained from 6,195 respondents, 50.2% female, 15–69 years, was investigated in relation to six sun-tanning related statements. A total “positive perceptions of tanning” (ProTan) score was also calculated. Regression analyses modelled each component and the ProTan score against survey year and respondent characteristics. Results. Statistically significantly higher ProTan scores were found for age group (strong reverse dose-response effect), male sex, residence (highest in Auckland), ethnicity (highest among Europeans), and sun sensitivity (an n-shaped association). There was no statistically significant change in total ProTan scores from baseline. Conclusions. The development, pretesting, and evaluation of messages for those groups most likely to endorse ProTan statements should be considered for the New Zealand skin cancer prevention program. To achieve and embed significant change, mass media campaigns may require greater intensity and reinforcement with sustained contextual support for settings-based behavioural change.
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Gupta VB, Rajagopala M, Ravishankar B. Etiopathogenesis of cataract: an appraisal. Indian J Ophthalmol 2014; 62:103-10. [PMID: 24618482 PMCID: PMC4005220 DOI: 10.4103/0301-4738.121141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural eye lens is a crystalline substance to produce a clear passage for light. Cataract is opacity within the clear lens of the eye and is the dominant cause of socio-medical problem i.e., blindness worldwide. The only available treatment of cataract is surgery. However, insufficient surgical facilities in poor and developing countries and post-operative complications inspire researchers to find out other modes of treatment for cataract. In this review, an attempt has been made to appraise various etiological factors of cataract to make their perception clear to build up counterpart treatment. Present study is an assortment of various available literatures and electronic information in view of cataract etiopathogenesis. Various risk factors have been identified in development of cataracts. They can be classified in to genetic factors, ageing (systemic diseases, nutritional and trace metals deficiencies, smoking, oxidative stress etc.), traumatic, complicated (inflammatory and degenerative diseases of eye), metabolic (diabetes, galactosemia etc.), toxic substances including drugs abuses, alcohol etc., radiation (ultraviolet, electromagnetic waves etc.) are implicated as significant risk factors in the development of cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun B Gupta
- Research Associate, Ayurgenomics-TRISUTRA Project, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar, India
| | - Manjusha Rajagopala
- Department of Panchakarma, IPGT & RA, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar, India
| | - Basavaiah Ravishankar
- Director, SDM Center for Research in Ayurveda and Allied Sciences, Udupi, Karnataka, India
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Hammer GP, Scheidemann-Wesp U, Samkange-Zeeb F, Wicke H, Neriishi K, Blettner M. Occupational exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation and cataract development: a systematic literature review and perspectives on future studies. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2013; 52:303-319. [PMID: 23807741 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-013-0477-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation is a well-known but little understood risk factor for lens opacities. Until recently, cataract development was considered to be a deterministic effect occurring at lens doses exceeding a threshold of 5-8 Gy. Substantial uncertainty about the level and the existence of a threshold subsists. The International Commission on Radiation Protection recently revised it to 0.5 Gy. Based on a systematic literature review of epidemiological studies on exposure to low levels of ionizing radiation and the occurrence of lens opacities, a list of criteria for new epidemiological studies was compiled, and a list of potential study populations was reviewed. Among 24 publications finally identified, six report analyses of acute exposures in atomic bomb survivors and Chernobyl liquidators, and the others report analyses of protracted exposures in occupationally, medically or accidentally exposed populations. Three studies investigated a dose threshold: in atomic bomb survivors, the best estimates were 1 Sv (95 % CI <0-0.8 Sv) regarding lensectomies; in survivors exposed as children, 0.6 Sv (90 % CI <0.0-1.2 Sv) for cortical cataract prevalence and 0.7 Sv (90 % CI 0.0-2.8 Sv) for posterior subcapsular cataract; and in Chernobyl liquidators, 0.34 Sv (95 % CI 0.19-0.68 Sv) for stage 1 cataract. Current studies are heterogeneous and inconclusive regarding the dose-response relationship. Protracted exposures and high lens doses occur in several occupational groups, for instance, in physicians performing fluoroscopy-guided interventional procedures, and in accidentally exposed populations. New studies with a good retrospective exposure assessment are feasible and should be initiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaël P Hammer
- Institute for Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics-IMBEI, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
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Abstract
This literature review is aimed at the evaluation of the potential for cataract prevention in Europe. It was performed using PubMed with Mesh and free-text terms. Studies included were (i) performed on a population of Caucasian origin at an age range of 40-95 years, (ii) cataract was clinically verified, (iii) drug record of prescriptions, their indication, a record of every diagnosis, dosage and quantity of prescribed medicine were available, (iv) sample size >300 and (v) published between 1990 and 2009. The results of 29 articles were reviewed. Former [3.75 (2.26-6.21)] or current smoking [2.34 (1.07-5.15)], diabetes of duration >10 years [2.72 (1.72-4.28)], asthma or chronic bronchitis [2.04 (1.04-3.81)], and cardiovascular disease [1.96 (1.22-3.14)] increased the risk of cataract. Cataract was more common in patients taking chlorpromazine during ≥90 days with a dosage ≥300 mg [8.8 (3.1-25.1)] and corticosteroids >5 years [3.25 (1.39-7.58)] in a daily dose >1600 mg [1.69 (1.17-2.43)]. Intake of a multivitamin/mineral formulation [2.00 (1.35-2.98)] or corticosteroids [2.12 (1.93-2.33)] also increased the risk of cataract. Corticosteroids applied orally [3.25 (1.39-7.58)], parenteral [1.56 (1.34-1.82)] or inhalational [1.58 (1.46-1.71)] lead to cataract more frequently than those applied topically: nasal [1.33 (1.21-1.45)], ear [1.31 (1.19-1.45)] or skin [1.43 (1.36-1.50)]. Outpatient cataract surgery was negatively associated with total cataract surgery costs, and chlorpromazine, corticosteroids and multivitamin/mineral formation increase the risk of posterior subcapsular cataract dependent on dose, treatment application and duration. This review presented a comprehensive overview of specific and general cataract risk factors and an update on most recent experimental studies and randomized control trials directed at cataract prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Prokofyeva
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
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Yam JCS, Kwok AKH. Ultraviolet light and ocular diseases. Int Ophthalmol 2013; 34:383-400. [PMID: 23722672 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-013-9791-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to review the association between ultraviolet (UV) light and ocular diseases. The data are sourced from the literature search of Medline up to Nov 2012, and the extracted data from original articles, review papers, and book chapters were reviewed. There is a strong evidence that ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure is associated with the formation of eyelid malignancies [basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)], photokeratitis, climatic droplet keratopathy (CDK), pterygium, and cortical cataract. However, the evidence of the association between UV exposure and development of pinguecula, nuclear and posterior subcapsular cataract, ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN), and ocular melanoma remained limited. There is insufficient evidence to determine whether age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is related to UV exposure. It is now suggested that AMD is probably related to visible radiation especially blue light, rather than UV exposure. From the results, it was concluded that eyelid malignancies (BCC and SCC), photokeratitis, CDK, pterygium, and cortical cataract are strongly associated with UVR exposure. Evidence of the association between UV exposure and development of pinguecula, nuclear and posterior subcapsular cataract, OSSN, and ocular melanoma remained limited. There is insufficient evidence to determine whether AMD is related to UV exposure. Simple behaviural changes, appropriate clothing, wearing hats, and UV blocking spectacles, sunglasses or contact lens are effective measures for UV protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason C S Yam
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 4/F, Hong Kong Eye Hospital, 147 K Argyle Street, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China,
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Phototoxicité oculaire et altitude chez des guides de haute montagne. J Fr Ophtalmol 2012; 35:809-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2012.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Revised: 04/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Vitamin D status in North Greenland is influenced by diet and season: indicators of dermal 25-hydroxy vitamin D production north of the Arctic Circle. Br J Nutr 2012. [PMID: 23182389 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114512004709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D status, as measured by serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (s-25OHD), is important to human health. Dermal 25OHD production depends on UVB light that is influenced by latitude. We aimed to identify factors important to the production of s-25OHD in Arctic people and investigated subjects living in the town of Ilulissat and the settlement of Saqqaq in North Greenland (70°N) during the four seasons. Participants were enrolled with a balanced representation of non-Inuit and Inuit in Ilulissat and Inuit in Saqqaq, men and women, aged 30-39 and 40-49 years. Supplement use, hours spent outdoors and other lifestyle factors were determined by questionnaires. Scores of traditional Inuit food intake were computed from a FFQ at inclusion, and frequencies of intake were recorded at each visit. s-25OHD concentration was measured. There were sixty-four Inuit and thirty-three non-Inuit participants. Inuit food score < 40 % was found in 87, 64 and 48 % of non-Inuit, Inuit in Ilulissat and Inuit in Saqqaq participants, respectively (P= 0·009). Inuit diet associated positively with s-25OHD (P< 0·001). s-25OHD concentration was lower in non-Inuit than in Inuit participants (spring/summer/autumn/winter/average: 30·3 v. 36·8/43·2 v. 44·7/43·6 v. 48·6/32·8 v. 43·5/39·0 v. 44·6 nmol/l, P= 0·002/0·62/0·19/ < 0·001/0·011, respectively). s-25OHD levels differed with season (Inuit, P< 0·001; non-Inuit, P< 0·001) as did diet (Inuit, P< 0·001; non-Inuit, P< 0·001) and hours spent outdoors (Inuit, P< 0·001; non-Inuit, P= 0·012). s-25OHD level was influenced by diet (P< 0·001), season (P< 0·001), origin (P= 0·001), residence (P= 0·013) and sex (P= 0·026). We conclude that the season influenced vitamin D status in Arctic populations beyond diet, ethnicity and vitamin intake. This suggests dermal 25OHD production at a high latitude of 70°N.
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A Class I UV-blocking (senofilcon A) soft contact lens prevents UVA-induced yellow fluorescence and NADH loss in the rabbit lens nucleus in vivo. Exp Eye Res 2012; 102:17-27. [PMID: 22766154 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2012.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
It is known that fluorescence, much of it caused by UVA light excitation, increases in the aging human lens, resulting in loss of sharp vision. This study used an in vivo animal model to investigate UVA-excited fluorescence in the rabbit lens, which contains a high level of the UVA chromophore NADH, existing both free and bound to λ-crystallin. Also, the ability of a Class I (senofilcon A) soft contact lens to protect against UVA-induced effects on the rabbit lens was tested. Rabbit eyes were irradiated with UVA light in vivo (100 mW/cm(2) on the cornea) for 1 h using monochromatic 365 nm light. Irradiation was conducted in the presence of either a senofilcon A contact lens, a minimally UV-absorbing lotrafilcon A contact lens, or no contact lens at all. Eyes irradiated without a contact lens showed blue 365 nm-excited fluorescence initially, but this changed to intense yellow fluorescence after 1 h. Isolated, previously irradiated lenses exhibited yellow fluorescence originating from the lens nucleus when viewed under 365 nm light, but showed normal blue fluorescence arising from the cortex. Previously irradiated lenses also exhibited a faint yellow color when observed under visible light. The senofilcon A contact lens protected completely against the UVA-induced effects on fluorescence and lens yellowing, whereas the lotrafilcon A lens showed no protection. The UVA-exposure also produced a 53% loss of total NADH (free plus bound) in the lens nucleus, with only a 13% drop in the anterior cortex. NADH loss in the nucleus was completely prevented with use of a senofilcon A contact lens, but no significant protection was observed with a lotrafilcon A lens. Overall, the senofilcon A lens provided an average of 67% protection against UVA-induced loss of four pyridine nucleotides in four different regions of the lens. HPLC analysis with fluorescence detection indicated a nearly six-fold increase in 365 nm-excited yellow fluorescence arising from lens nuclear λ-crystallin after the in vivo UVA exposure. It is concluded that UVA-induced loss of free NADH (which fluoresces blue) may have allowed the natural yellow fluorescence of λ-crystallin and other proteins in the lens nucleus to become visible. Increased fluorescence exhibited by UVA-exposed λ-crystallin may have been the result of a UVA-induced change in the conformation of the protein occurring during the initial UVA-exposure in vivo. The results demonstrate the greater susceptibility of the lens nucleus to UVA-induced stress, and may relate to the formation of human nuclear cataract. The senofilcon A contact lens was shown to be beneficial in protecting the rabbit lens against effects of UVA light, including changes in fluorescence, increased yellowing and loss of pyridine nucleotides.
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Megbele Y, Lam KBH, Sadhra S. Risks of cataract in Nigerian metal arc welders. Occup Med (Lond) 2012; 62:331-6. [PMID: 22661605 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqs034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occupational exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from welding is considered a risk factor for cataract and other eye disorders, but the evidence for such effects is limited. AIMS To identify any increased risk of developing cataract from metal arc welding and to investigate the associated risk factors. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out on male welders and control subjects (not engaged in welding) from five fabrication and construction companies in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. A questionnaire was used to gather information regarding their demography and lifestyle, along with their occupational, medical and ocular histories. Cataract was identified by external examination and ophthalmoscopy. RESULTS A total of 117 welders and 105 controls participated. There was no statistically significant increase in the risk of cataract in welders after adjusting for age, smoking status, family history of cataract, outdoor work and history of eye injury. There was a strong association between work-related eye-injury history and cataract. Only 60% of welders were wearing eye protection when the eye injury occurred. The majority of the eye injuries (72%) occurred during welding and grinding operations. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggest that the main occupational risk factor for cataract was a history of eye injuries. The role of UV (or optical) radiation appeared to be less important than impact eye injuries associated with welding-allied processes. It is therefore important that welders are provided with different types of eye protection and are informed about which type should be used, and when, so that they can be protected against optical and impact injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Megbele
- Institute of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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Mody VC, Kakar M, Söderberg PG, Löfgren S. High lenticular tolerance to ultraviolet radiation-B by pigmented guinea-pig; application of a safety limit strategy for UVR-induced cataract. Acta Ophthalmol 2012; 90:226-30. [PMID: 20662801 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2010.01931.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine a threshold measure, maximum tolerable dose (MTD), for avoidance of UVR-B-induced cataract in the pigmented guinea-pig. METHODS Thirty pupil-dilated anesthetized young female guinea-pigs, divided into five equal groups, received between 0 and 84.9 kJ/m(2) unilateral UVR-B. Lens extraction and in vitro lens photography occurred 24 hr after exposure. Measurement of intensity of lens light scattering served as quantifying tool for the degree of cataract. Data analysis included regression, using a second order polynomial model. The applied MTD concept was based on the UVR-B dose-response curve obtained for the pigmented guinea-pig. A smaller number of pigmented guinea-pigs, pigmented rats and albino rats underwent morphometric analysis of the anterior segment geometry. RESULTS All eyes exposed to UVR-B developed cataract in the anterior subcapsular region. MTD for avoidance of UVR-B-induced cataract was 69.0 kJ/m(2) in the pigmented guinea-pig. Iris was considerably thicker in the guinea-pig than in the rats. Lens blockage by the dilated iris was lowest in the guinea-pig. CONCLUSIONS Maximum tolerable dose for avoidance of UVR-B-induced cataract in the pigmented guinea-pig was 69.0 kJ/m(2), over 10-fold higher than the threshold 5 kJ/m(2) obtained by Pitts et al. in the pigmented rabbit. Maximum tolerable dose is an appropriate method for estimation of toxicity for UVR-B-induced cataract in the guinea-pig. The pigmented guinea-pig is significantly less sensitive to UVR-B exposure than the pigmented rabbit and pigmented rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vino C Mody
- St. Erik's Eye Hospital; Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Moreau KL, King JA. Protein misfolding and aggregation in cataract disease and prospects for prevention. Trends Mol Med 2012; 18:273-82. [PMID: 22520268 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2012.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Revised: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The transparency of the eye lens depends on maintaining the native tertiary structures and solubility of the lens crystallin proteins over a lifetime. Cataract, the leading cause of blindness worldwide, is caused by protein aggregation within the protected lens environment. With age, covalent protein damage accumulates through pathways thought to include UV radiation, oxidation, deamidation, and truncations. Experiments suggest that the resulting protein destabilization leads to partially unfolded, aggregation-prone intermediates and the formation of insoluble, light-scattering protein aggregates. These aggregates either include or overwhelm the protein chaperone content of the lens. Here, we review the causes of cataract and nonsurgical methods being investigated to inhibit or delay cataract development, including natural product-based therapies, modulators of oxidation, and protein aggregation inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate L Moreau
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, 68-330, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Löfgren S. Lenses from Brown-Norway pigmented rats are more tolerant to in vitro ultraviolet irradiation than lenses from Fischer-344 albino rats. Acta Ophthalmol 2012; 90:179-83. [PMID: 20602624 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2010.01903.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate if the previously shown difference in in vivo-induced ultraviolet B radiation (UVR-B) cataractogenesis between pigmented and albino rats can be seen also with in vitro irradiation. The shielding effect of the iris and UVR absorption in the anterior segment is nullified, and inherent differences in lenticular UVR-B sensitivity between the strains may be revealed. METHODS Lenses from albino (Fischer-344) and pigmented (Brown-Norway) rats were irradiated in vitro with 1.8 kJ/m(2) UVR-B. The lenses were cultured in standard environment in a culture incubator. Cataract was quantified daily by measuring the amount of lens forward light scattering over a period of 1 week. All lenses were photographed during the week. RESULTS Two days after exposure, both strains developed significant cataract compared to control lenses, and the light scattering increased exponentially to the last day. From day 4, exposed Fischer lenses scattered more light than Brown-Norway lenses. This difference increased towards the end of the week. The type of cataract (anterior subcapsular, equatorial, and posterior cortical cataract) was similar in both strains. No anterior polar or nuclear cataract was observed. CONCLUSIONS Lenses from albino Fischer rats are more sensitive to in vitro UVR-B than lenses from pigmented Brown-Norway rats. Ultraviolet B radiation cataract type induced in vitro differs from in vivo cataract in pigmented rats, but not from albino rats. In vitro UVR-B exposure induces more cataract than corresponding lenticular UVR-B in vivo exposures, for both albino and pigmented rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Löfgren
- Karolinska Institutet, St. Erik's Eye Hospital, 11282 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Galichanin K, Svedlund J, Söderberg P. Kinetics of GADD45α, TP53 and CASP3 gene expression in the rat lens in vivo in response to exposure to double threshold dose of UV-B radiation. Exp Eye Res 2012; 97:19-23. [PMID: 22559303 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2012.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Revised: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the evolution of expression of mRNA message for the genes for the genome stress sensor GADD45α, the apoptosis initiator TP53 and the apoptosis executor CASP3 in the rat lens in vivo in response to exposure to UVR around 300 nm. Forty six week old female albino Sprague-Dawley rats were unilaterally exposed to double threshold dose for cataract induction, 8 kJ/m(2) (8.9 W/m(2) for 15 min), of UVR (λ(max) = 300 nm). The animals were sacrificed at 1, 5, 24 and 120 h following exposure to UVR-B. For each of the GADD45α, TP53 and CASP3 genes, respectively, mRNA expression in the lenses was measured by quantitative RT-PCR. It was found that expression of mRNA for GADD45α transiently increases between 5 and 24 h after exposure. TP53 is slightly downregulated in exposed lenses at 1 and 5 h after exposure and thereafter the mRNA expression increases with a constant rate of 9.4\ 10(-3) rel. units/h to a 1.8 fold increase at 120 h after exposure. Expression of mRNA for CASP3 is downregulated at 1, 5 and 24 h after in vivo exposure and then increases with a constant rate of 4.7 10(-3) rel. units/h, upto a 1.3 fold upregulation at 120 h. Double threshold dose of UVR, for short delay onset of cataract, in vivo causes a transient upregulation of the stress sensor GADD45α, a concurrent downregulation of TP53 and CASP3, followed by a constant upregulation of TP53 that precedes a constant upregulation of CASP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Galichanin
- St. Erik's Eye Hospital, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Löfgren S, Michael R, Söderberg PG. Impact of iris pigment and pupil size in ultraviolet radiation cataract in rat. Acta Ophthalmol 2012; 90:44-8. [PMID: 20346084 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2010.01871.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of iris pigment and pupil size in ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced cataract. METHODS Brown-Norway rats (pigmented) and Fischer-344 rats (non-pigmented) were unilaterally exposed in vivo to 5 kJ/m(2) UVR. Each strain was split into two groups, each receiving either mydriatic (tropicamide) or miotic (pilocarpine) eye-drops. One week after exposure, the degree of ocular inflammation and damage in the anterior segment was determined. The lenses were extracted, photographed and the degree of forward light scattering (cataract) was quantified. RESULTS The cataract types differed between the two strains. All Fischer rats developed macroscopically identifiable UVR cataract while only 41% of Brown-Norway rats did so. All groups except the miotic Brown-Norway developed significant light scattering. The Fischer rats developed 3-4-fold more lens light scattering than the Brown-Norway rats. The miotic Fischer group exhibited significantly more light scattering than the mydriatic Fischer group. There was no significant difference in light scattering between the two Brown-Norway groups. There was a correlation between ocular inflammation and degree of light scattering, with Brown-Norway rats exhibiting less inflammation and lens light scattering. CONCLUSIONS Pigmented rats develop less UVR cataract and less ocular inflammation than non-pigmented rats. Pupil size plays a smaller role in UVR cataract development in pigmented rats than in non-pigmented. The role of UVR-induced ocular inflammation in cataract development is still ambiguous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Löfgren
- Karolinska Institutet, St. Erik's Eye Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Antioxidant capacity of lenses with age-related cataract. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2012; 2012:467130. [PMID: 22363833 PMCID: PMC3272861 DOI: 10.1155/2012/467130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The immediate cause of the occurrence of cataract is unknown, but oxidative damage and effects of reactive oxygen species are considered important in its etiopathogenesis. Our research was aimed at testing the nonenzyme antioxidant power of corticonuclear lens blocks, with different types and different maturity of age-related cataract. Clinical and biochemical researches were carried out in 101 patients with age-related cataract. In corticonuclear lens blocks of the patient, the concentration of nonprotein and total-SH groups and the concentration of total vitamin C and dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) were determined; the current redox balance of dehydroascorbate/ascorbate and total antioxidant power measured by ferric-reducing ability were examined. In corticonuclear lens blocks with incipient cataract a significantly higher concentration of GSH, total SH groups, concentration of total vitamin C and ascorbic acid (AA), and ferric-reducing ability were measured. The measured concentration of DHA is higher than the concentration of AA in the lenses with the incipient and mature cataract. The concentration ratio of redox couple DHA/AA is higher in lenses with mature cataract, where the measured concentration of AA was lower than in the incipient cataract. Timely removal of DHA from the lens is important because of its potential toxicity as an oxidant. An increase of the current concentration of DHA/AA redox balance can be an indicator of oxidative stress.
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Giblin FJ, Lin LR, Leverenz VR, Dang L. A class I (Senofilcon A) soft contact lens prevents UVB-induced ocular effects, including cataract, in the rabbit in vivo. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2011; 52:3667-75. [PMID: 21421866 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.10-6885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE UVB radiation from sunlight is known to be a risk factor for human cataract. The purpose in this study was to investigate the ability of a class I UV-blocking soft contact lens to protect against UVB-induced effects on the ocular tissues of the rabbit in vivo. METHODS Eyes of rabbits were exposed to UVB light for 30 minutes (270-360 nm, peak at 310 nm, 1.7 mW/cm(2) on the cornea). Eyes were irradiated in the presence of either a UV-blocking senofilcon A contact lens, a minimally UV-blocking lotrafilcon A contact lens, or no contact lens at all. Effects on the cornea and lens were evaluated at various times after exposure. RESULTS Eyes irradiated with no contact lens protection showed corneal epithelial cell loss plus lens epithelial cell swelling, vacuole formation, and DNA single-strand breaks, as well as lens anterior subcapsular opacification. The senofilcon A lens protected nearly completely against the UVB-induced effects, whereas the lotrafilcon A lens showed no protection. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that use of a senofilcon A contact lens is beneficial in protecting ocular tissues of the rabbit against the harmful effects of UVB light, including photokeratitis and cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank J Giblin
- Eye Research Institute, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan 48309-4480, USA.
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Colitz CMH, Saville WJA, Renner MS, McBain JF, Reidarson TH, Schmitt TL, Nolan EC, Dugan SJ, Knightly F, Rodriguez MM, Mejia-Fava JC, Osborn SD, Clough PL, Collins SP, Osborn BA, Terrell K. Risk factors associated with cataracts and lens luxations in captive pinnipeds in the United States and the Bahamas. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2010; 237:429-36. [PMID: 20707754 DOI: 10.2460/javma.237.4.429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine risk factors for lens luxation and cataracts in captive pinnipeds in the United States and the Bahamas. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. ANIMALS 111 pinnipeds (99 California sea lions [Zalophus californianus], 10 harbor seals [Phoca vitulina], and 2 walruses [Odobenus rosmarus]) from 9 facilities. PROCEDURES Eyes of each pinniped were examined by a veterinary ophthalmologist for the presence of cataracts or lens luxations and photographed. Information detailing husbandry practices, history, and facilities was collected with a questionnaire, and descriptive statistical analyses were performed for continuous and categorical variables. Odds ratios and associated 95% confidence intervals were estimated from the final model. RESULTS Risk factors for lens luxation, cataracts, or both included age >or= 15 years, history of fighting, history of ocular disease, and insufficient access to shade. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Diseases of the lens commonly affect captive pinnipeds. Access to UV-protective shade, early identification and medical management of ocular diseases, and prevention of fighting can limit the frequency or severity of lens-related disease in this population. An extended life span may result from captivity, but this also allows development of pathological changes associated with aging, including cataracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen M H Colitz
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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