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Chen XY, Feng SN, Bao Y, Zhou YX, Ba F. Identification of Clec7a as the therapeutic target of rTMS in alleviating Parkinson's disease: targeting neuroinflammation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166814. [PMID: 37495085 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a therapeutic tool in PD. High-throughput sequencing was performed to screen potential therapeutic targets in unilaterally 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned rats. The candidate gene, Clec7a, was screened out and validated. Clec7a is a pattern recognition receptor involved in neuroinflammation. The higher expression of Clec7a was observed in the substantia nigra (SN) and striatum of PD rats with dopaminergic neurons damage and was mainly localized in the microglial. Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated specific knockdown of Clec7a in microglial alleviated 6-OHDA induced motor deficits and nigrostriatal dopaminergic neuron damage of rats, as evidenced by the increase of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) -positive neurons in SN, as well as dopaminergic nerve fibers in the striatum. Clec7a knockdown restrained the neuroinflammation by suppressing inflammatory factors (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-18, and IL-6) release in SN, which might result from enhanced Arg-1 expression (M2 polarization) and defective inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression (M1 polarization). The same phenomena were also observed in the LPS inflammatory rat model of PD. In vitro, α-synuclein fibrils induced upregulation of Clec7a expression and microglia polarization to a pro-inflammatory state of BV2 cells, leading to increased release of cytokines. However, Clec7a knockdown reversed those changes and induced a shift to an anti-inflammatory phenotype in BV2 cells. In conclusion, our study suggested that Clec7a was involved in PD pathogenesis, and its inhibition might protect rats from PD by depressing neuroinflammation through microglial polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Yun Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Si-Ning Feng
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Yin Bao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Yu-Xin Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Fang Ba
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, China.
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2
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Zhang Q, Lin Z, He Y, Jiang J, Hu D. Mendelian Randomization Analysis Reveals No Causal Relationship Between Plasma α-Synuclein and Parkinson's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:2268-2276. [PMID: 36640248 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03206-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
So far, the studies exploring plasma α-synuclein as a biomarker of Parkinson's disease (PD) have provided contradictory results. Here, we first employed the Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to elucidate their potential causal relationship. Five genetic instrumental variables of plasma α-synuclein were acquired from two publicly available datasets. Three independent genome-wide association studies of PD were used as outcome cohorts (PD cohorts 1, 2, and 3). Two-sample MR analyses were conducted using inverse-variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and leave-one-out methods. Though the IVW approach demonstrated positive plasma α-synuclein effect on the PD risk in three outcome cohorts (OR = 1.134, 1.164, and 1.189, respectively), the P values were all larger than 0.05. The conclusions were robust under complementary sensitivity analyses. Our results did not support the causal relationship between plasma α-synuclein and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- The Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zenan Lin
- Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Yan He
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junhong Jiang
- Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China.
| | - Di Hu
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, No.399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China.
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3
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Dong X, Li Y, Li Q, Li W, Wu G. Identification of immune signatures in Parkinson's disease based on co-expression networks. Front Genet 2023; 14:1090382. [PMID: 36733342 PMCID: PMC9886886 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1090382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease in middle-aged and elderly people, and there is less research on the relationship between immunity and PD. In this study, the protein-protein interaction networks (PPI) data, 2747 human immune-related genes (HIRGs), 2078 PD-related genes (PDRGs), and PD-related datasets (GSE49036 and GSE20292) were downloaded from the Human Protein Reference Database (HPRD), Amigo 2, DisGeNET, and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases, respectively. An immune- or PD-directed neighbor co-expressed network construction (IOPDNC) was drawn based on the GSE49036 dataset and HPRD database. Furthermore, a PD-directed neighbor co-expressed network was constructed. Modular clustering analysis was performed on the genes of the gene interaction network obtained in the first step to obtain the central core genes using the GraphWeb online website. The modules with the top 5 functional scores and the number of core genes greater than six were selected as PD-related gene modules. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses of different module genes were performed. The single sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA) algorithm was used to calculate the immune cell infiltration of the PD and the normal samples. The quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to investigate the expression of module genes. An IOPDNC and PD-directed neighbor co-expressed network (PDNC network) were constructed. Furthermore, a total of 5 immune-PD modules were identified which could distinguish between PD and normal samples, and these module genes were strongly related to PD in protein interaction level or gene expression level. In addition, functional analysis indicated that module genes were involved in various neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer disease, Huntington disease, Parkinson disease, and Long-term depression. In addition, the genes of the 6 modules were significantly associated with these 4 differential immune cells (aDC cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, and Th2 cells). Finally, the result of qRT-PCR manifested that the expression of 6 module genes was significantly higher in normal samples than in PD samples. In our study, the immune-related genes were found to be strongly related to PD and might play key roles in PD.
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N P D, Kondengadan MS, Sweilam SH, Rahman MH, Muhasina KM, Ghosh P, Bhargavi D, Palati DJ, Maiz F, Duraiswamy B. Neuroprotective role of coconut oil for the prevention and treatment of Parkinson's disease: potential mechanisms of action. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2022:1-33. [PMID: 36208039 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2122296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disease (ND) is a clinical condition in which neurons degenerate with a consequent loss of functions in the affected brain region. Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most progressive ND after Alzheimer's disease (AD), which affects the motor system and is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons from the nigrostriatal pathway in the midbrain, leading to bradykinesia, rigidity, resting tremor, postural instability and non-motor symptoms such as cognitive declines, psychiatric disturbances, autonomic failures, sleep difficulties, and pain syndrome. Coconut oil (CO) is an edible oil obtained from the meat of Cocos nucifera fruit that belongs to the palm family and contains 92% saturated fatty acids. CO has been shown to mediate oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis and excitotoxicity-induced effects in PD in various in vitro and in vivo models as a multi-target bioagent. CO intake through diet has also been linked to a decreased incidence of PD in people. During digestion, CO is broken down into smaller molecules, like ketone bodies (KBs). The KBs then penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and are used as a source of energy its ability to cross BBB made this an important class of natural remedies for the treatment of ND. The current review describes the probable neuroprotective potential pathways of CO in PD, either prophylactic or therapeutic. In addition, we briefly addressed the important pathogenic pathways that might be considered to investigate the possible use of CO in neurodegeneration such as AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika N P
- Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | - Sherouk Hussein Sweilam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Egypt
| | | | - K M Muhasina
- Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Puja Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Divya Bhargavi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Divya Jyothi Palati
- Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Fathi Maiz
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia, P.O. Box 9004
- Laboratory of Thermal Processes, Center for Energy Research and Technology, Borj-Cedria, BP:95 Tunisia
| | - B Duraiswamy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamilnadu, India
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Cui J, Zhao S, Li Y, Zhang D, Wang B, Xie J, Wang J. Regulated cell death: discovery, features and implications for neurodegenerative diseases. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:120. [PMID: 34922574 PMCID: PMC8684172 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00799-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulated cell death (RCD) is a ubiquitous process in living organisms that is essential for tissue homeostasis or to restore biological balance under stress. Over the decades, various forms of RCD have been reported and are increasingly being found to involve in human pathologies and clinical outcomes. We focus on five high-profile forms of RCD, including apoptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy-dependent cell death, necroptosis and ferroptosis. Cumulative evidence supports that not only they have different features and various pathways, but also there are extensive cross-talks between modes of cell death. As the understanding of RCD pathway in evolution, development, physiology and disease continues to improve. Here we review an updated classification of RCD on the discovery and features of processes. The prominent focus will be placed on key mechanisms of RCD and its critical role in neurodegenerative disease. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntao Cui
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071 China
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071 China
| | - Suhan Zhao
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071 China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071 China
| | - Yinghui Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071 China
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071 China
| | - Danyang Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071 China
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071 China
| | - Bingjing Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071 China
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071 China
| | - Junxia Xie
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071 China
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071 China
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071 China
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6
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Shahsavari M, Tajik S, Sheikhshoaie I, Garkani Nejad F, Beitollahi H. Synthesis of Fe3O4@copper(II) imidazolate nanoparticles: Catalytic activity of modified graphite screen printed electrode for the determination of levodopa in presence of melatonin. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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7
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Liu J, Ting JP, Al-Azzam S, Ding Y, Afshar S. Therapeutic Advances in Diabetes, Autoimmune, and Neurological Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062805. [PMID: 33802091 PMCID: PMC8001105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Since 2015, 170 small molecules, 60 antibody-based entities, 12 peptides, and 15 gene- or cell-therapies have been approved by FDA for diverse disease indications. Recent advancement in medicine is facilitated by identification of new targets and mechanisms of actions, advancement in discovery and development platforms, and the emergence of novel technologies. Early disease detection, precision intervention, and personalized treatments have revolutionized patient care in the last decade. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of current and emerging therapeutic modalities developed in the recent years. We focus on nine diseases in three major therapeutics areas, diabetes, autoimmune, and neurological disorders. The pathogenesis of each disease at physiological and molecular levels is discussed and recently approved drugs as well as drugs in the clinic are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsha Liu
- Protein Engineering, Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA 92121, USA; (J.L.); (J.P.T.); (Y.D.)
| | - Joey Paolo Ting
- Protein Engineering, Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA 92121, USA; (J.L.); (J.P.T.); (Y.D.)
| | - Shams Al-Azzam
- Professional Scientific Services, Eurofins Lancaster Laboratories, Lancaster, PA 17605, USA;
| | - Yun Ding
- Protein Engineering, Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA 92121, USA; (J.L.); (J.P.T.); (Y.D.)
| | - Sepideh Afshar
- Protein Engineering, Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA 92121, USA; (J.L.); (J.P.T.); (Y.D.)
- Correspondence:
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8
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Wei L, He F, Zhang W, Chen W, Yu B. Analysis of master transcription factors related to Parkinson's disease through the gene transcription regulatory network. Arch Med Sci 2021; 17:1184-1190. [PMID: 34522247 PMCID: PMC8425256 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.89460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study investigated the relationships between differentially co-expressed gene pairs or links (DCLs) and transcription factors (TFs) in the gene transcription regulatory network (GTRN) to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). MATERIAL AND METHODS Microarray dataset GSE7621 from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and perform Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis. Differentially co-expressed genes (DCGs) and DCLs were identified by the DCGL package in R soft-ware. DCLs that were potentially related to the regulation mechanisms, and corresponding TFs, were identified using the DR sort function in the DCGL V2.0 package. The GTRN was constructed with these DCLs-TFs, and visualized with Cytoscape software. RESULTS A total of 131 DEGs, including 77 up-regulated DEGs and 54 down-regulated DEGs, were identified, which were mainly enriched for plasma membrane, cell activities, and metabolism. We found that ICAM1-LTBP and CTHRC1-UTP3 might alter gene regulation relationships in PD. The GTRN was constructed with DCLs-TFs, including 348 nodes (118 TFs and 230 DCGs) and 1045 DCLs. These TFs (AHR, SP1, PAX5, etc.) could regulate many target genes (e.g. ICAM1 and LTBP) in the GTRN of PD. CONCLUSIONS ICAM1 and LTBP may play a role in PD symptom development and pathology, and might be regulated by important TFs (AHR, SP1, PAX5, etc.) identified in the GTRN of PD. These findings may help elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying PD and find a novel drug target for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wei
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei He
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhua Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
- School of International Medical Technology, Shanghai Sanda University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
- School of International Medical Technology, Shanghai Sanda University, Shanghai, China
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Li R, Jumet B, Ren H, Song W, Tse ZTH. An inertial measurement unit tracking system for body movement in comparison with optical tracking. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2020; 234:728-737. [DOI: 10.1177/0954411920921695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The recent advancement of motion tracking technology offers better treatment tools for conditions, such as movement disorders, as the outcome of the rehabilitation could be quantitatively defined. The accurate and fast angular information output of the inertial measurement unit tracking systems enables the collection of accurate kinematic data for clinical assessment. This article presents a study of a low-cost microelectromechanical system inertial measurement unit-based tracking system in comparison with the conventional optical tracking system. The system consists of seven microelectromechanical system inertial measurement units, which could be mounted on the lower limbs of the subjects. For the feasibility test, 10 human participants were instructed to perform three different motions: walking, running, and fencing lunges when wearing specially designed sleeves. The subjects’ lower body movements were tracked using our inertial measurement unit-based system and compared with the gold standard—the NDI Polaris Vega optical tracking system. The results of the angular comparison between the inertial measurement unit and the NDI Polaris Vega optical tracking system were as follows: the average cross-correlation value was 0.85, the mean difference of joint angles was 2.00°, and the standard deviation of joint angles was ± 2.65°. The developed microelectromechanical system–based tracking system provides an alternative low-cost solution to track joint movement. Moreover, it is able to operate on an Android platform and could potentially be used to assist outdoor or home-based rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- School of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Barclay Jumet
- School of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Hongliang Ren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - WenZhan Song
- School of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Zion Tsz Ho Tse
- School of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The University of York, York, UK
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Jia C, Cui X, Yoshimura N, Mao W, Xu E, Wang Q, Ou T. Assessment and Management of Urinary Dysfunction in 187 Patients with Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2020; 10:993-1001. [PMID: 32310185 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-191806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urinary dysfunction is common in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and management options are limited. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the management of urinary dysfunction by researching the special needs of PD patients. METHODS PD patients with urinary dysfunction who underwent urodynamic testing were recruited from a single center from October 2013 to February 2019. The urinary symptoms, International Prostate Symptom Score and Hoehn-Yahr scale were evaluated. Management was made at the urologists' discretion with follow-up after three weeks. Urinary symptoms, urodynamics and the management of urinary dysfunction were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 187 patients with a median age of 66.2 and Hoehn-Yahr scale soccer of 2 were enrolled. Irritative symptoms were more common than obstructive symptoms, while obstructive symptoms were more common in male than female patients, except for incomplete voiding. There were 51% cases of detrusor overactivity, followed by 33% with bladder outlet obstruction, 13% had normal function, 12% had detrusor underactivity, 9% had stress incontinence, 7% had increased bladder sensation and 4% had an acontractile bladder. Tolterodine and tamsulosin were the most common therapeutic agents, respectively prescribed to 38.5% and 27.3% of the patients. Other treatments included catheterization, botulinum toxin A bladder wall injection, transurethral resection of the prostate and urethral dilatation. Urinary symptoms were improved significantly in 74.5% of the patients (p < 0.001), including 27 patients treated with tamsulosin only and 54 patients with tolterodine only. CONCLUSIONS Urinary symptoms and urodynamics were highly variable in PD patients, indicating that most patients may benefit from personalized management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunsong Jia
- Department of Urology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Cui
- Department of Urology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Naoki Yoshimura
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Wei Mao
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Erhe Xu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Urology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Tongwen Ou
- Department of Urology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
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11
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Vallerga CL, Zhang F, Fowdar J, McRae AF, Qi T, Nabais MF, Zhang Q, Kassam I, Henders AK, Wallace L, Montgomery G, Chuang YH, Horvath S, Ritz B, Halliday G, Hickie I, Kwok JB, Pearson J, Pitcher T, Kennedy M, Bentley SR, Silburn PA, Yang J, Wray NR, Lewis SJG, Anderson T, Dalrymple-Alford J, Mellick GD, Visscher PM, Gratten J. Analysis of DNA methylation associates the cystine-glutamate antiporter SLC7A11 with risk of Parkinson's disease. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1238. [PMID: 32144264 PMCID: PMC7060318 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15065-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
An improved understanding of etiological mechanisms in Parkinson's disease (PD) is urgently needed because the number of affected individuals is projected to increase rapidly as populations age. We present results from a blood-based methylome-wide association study of PD involving meta-analysis of 229 K CpG probes in 1,132 cases and 999 controls from two independent cohorts. We identify two previously unreported epigenome-wide significant associations with PD, including cg06690548 on chromosome 4. We demonstrate that cg06690548 hypermethylation in PD is associated with down-regulation of the SLC7A11 gene and show this is consistent with an environmental exposure, as opposed to medications or genetic factors with effects on DNA methylation or gene expression. These findings are notable because SLC7A11 codes for a cysteine-glutamate anti-porter regulating levels of the antioxidant glutathione, and it is a known target of the environmental neurotoxin β-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA). Our study identifies the SLC7A11 gene as a plausible biological target in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costanza L Vallerga
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Futao Zhang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Javed Fowdar
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (GRIDD), Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Allan F McRae
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ting Qi
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Marta F Nabais
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX2 5DW, Devon, UK
| | - Qian Zhang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Irfahan Kassam
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Anjali K Henders
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Leanne Wallace
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Grant Montgomery
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Yu-Hsuan Chuang
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steve Horvath
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Beate Ritz
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Environmental Health, Fielding School of Public Health, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Glenda Halliday
- Brain and Mind Centre & Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ian Hickie
- Brain and Mind Centre & Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - John B Kwok
- Brain and Mind Centre & Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - John Pearson
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Toni Pitcher
- New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand.,Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Martin Kennedy
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Steven R Bentley
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (GRIDD), Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Peter A Silburn
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jian Yang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Naomi R Wray
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Simon J G Lewis
- Brain and Mind Centre & Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tim Anderson
- New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand.,Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - John Dalrymple-Alford
- New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand.,Department of Psychology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - George D Mellick
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (GRIDD), Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Peter M Visscher
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. .,Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Jacob Gratten
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. .,Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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12
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Wang M, Zhou W, Zhang Q, Zong S, Lv C. Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Safety of a Single Escalating Dose and Repeated Doses of Rasagiline Transdermal Patch in Healthy Chinese Subjects. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2019; 9:602-609. [PMID: 31823527 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A rasagiline transdermal patch can be used to offer continuous rasagiline to patients with Parkinson's disease who cannot take their usual oral medications. This was the first study to investigate the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of the rasagiline transdermal patch in healthy Chinese subjects. Thirty subjects were randomized to 3 groups with 10 subjects in each group. The 10 subjects of group 1 received a single 1-mg dose of rasagiline as a tablet; the 20 subjects of groups 2 and 3 received a single transdermal patch (48-hour patch-on period) containing 1.25 mg and 2.5 mg rasagiline, respectively. After a 2-week washout period, the subjects of group 1 were assigned to receive 1 mg of rasagiline tablets every 24 hours for 7 days, and the subjects of group 2 were assigned to receive 1.25-mg rasagiline transdermal patches (48-hour patch-on period) every 72 hours for 5 time periods. The absorption of rasagiline from the transdermal patch was significantly improved, although the peak plasma concentration was obviously reduced. There was slight accumulation of rasagiline dose after multiple administrations. Inhibition of platelet monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) activity was dose dependent. The 80% inhibition maintained for at least 48 hours after multiple-dose administration of 1 mg tablets, and for 72 hours after multiple-dose administration of 1.25 mg/48 h patch. Compared with rasagiline tablets, the transdermal patch had a prolonged duration of 80% inhibition and increased maximal inhibition of MAO-B activity. These characteristics permitted an interval of 3 days of dosing, which was convenient for patients to use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wenjia Zhou
- Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Quanying Zhang
- Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shunlin Zong
- Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chengzhe Lv
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
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13
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NEMES BO, PIRLOG R, TARTAMUS D, CAPUSAN C, FODOR DM. The role of dance therapy in the rehabilitation of Parkinson disease patients. BALNEO RESEARCH JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.12680/balneo.2019.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Parkinson disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease which requires a complex approach including pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment. While kinesiotherapy is a must in Parkinson’s disease patients, dance therapy in rehabilitation programs is not often taken into consideration. Dance therapy is a challenging non-pharmacological treatment which merges physical activity with musical synchronization, socialization , disease acceptance and creativity with daily activities. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of dance therapy on the quality of life, functionality and decrease of depression in Parkinson patients.
Material and method: We developed a case control study to evaluate the benefit of dance therapy in Parkinson Patients. The study group consisted in 10 patients from “Puterea Sperantei Project”. The intervention consisted in 40 minutes/day of dance therapy during two weeks. First control group consisted of 10 patients admitted to Cluj-Napoca Rehabilitation Hospital for two weeks. The second control group consisted in 5 patients enrolled in the “Puterea Sperantei Project” which did not attended dance classes. All three groups followed standard therapy: kineto-therapy and ergo-therapy. To assess the effect of dance therapy we used: Beck scale, Parkinson Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39) and a satisfaction questionnaire which we developed, for the dance therapy.
Results and discussions: In the study group we registered an improvement of depression symptoms (p=0,017) and an increase in the life quality (p=0,005). In the hospital control group and in the “Puterea Speratei Project” control group there was no decrease in the depressions score (p >0,05). However, the quality of life increased also in the control group enrolled in the Rehabilitation Hospital, probably due to medication change. The mean of satisfaction questionnaire for dance therapy in the study group was 39,70 from a maximum of 48 points.
Conclusions: Dance therapy is a holistic non-pharmacological therapy which improves the depression index, the quality of life and functionality of Parkinson disease patients. This initial results raise the possibility of including dance therapy as an alternative of non-pharmacological therapy in the rehabilitation programs for Parkinson Disease Patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Radu PIRLOG
- Research Center for Functional Genomics Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania 3. Department of Morphological Sciences, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | | | - Dana Marieta FODOR
- “Iuliu Hatiegau” University of Medicine and Pharmacology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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14
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Zhao L, Cheng X, Zhong C. Implications of Successful Symptomatic Treatment in Parkinson's Disease for Therapeutic Strategies of Alzheimer's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:922-930. [PMID: 30474958 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been a devastating neurodegenerative disorder and lacks effective treatment to improve the prognosis for patients. Symptomatic treatment for AD mainly includes two categories: Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist (memantine). They cannot significantly improve the quality of life and extend survival time for AD patients. Worse, almost all clinical trials for disease-modifying drugs have failed, and the reduction of brain β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition by multiple approaches, including inhibitors of β- or γ-secretase, vaccines, and antibodies against Aβ deposition, was found to have little effect on AD progression. A new therapeutic strategy for AD is urgently needed. Parkinson's disease also is a neurodegenerative disease having no effective treatment for modifying the disease. Nevertheless, successful symptomatic treatment using the combined therapies of l-DOPA supplement and modulators of l-DOPA metabolism greatly improves the prognosis for PD patients; the average survival time of the patient has been extended from 3-4 years to 10-15 years although dopaminergic neurons are still progressively decreasing. This provides useful implications for AD therapeutic strategies. AD patients manifest global cognitive decline, prominently represented by memory deficit, especially in the early stages of the disease. Further, the degree of decreased cognitive abilities correlates with cholinergic dysfunction and the hypometabolism of glucose, the dominant energy fuel for brain. Thus, the amelioration of brain cholinergic function and brain energy metabolism may be effective treatment to improve cognitive abilities of AD patients. Here, we highlighted the explorations of symptomatic therapeutics through modulating brain cholinergic function and energy metabolism in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200111, China
| | - Xiaoqin Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, The State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, The Institute of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chunjiu Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, The State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, The Institute of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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15
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Borkar N, Mu H, Holm R. Challenges and trends in apomorphine drug delivery systems for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Asian J Pharm Sci 2017; 13:507-517. [PMID: 32104425 PMCID: PMC7032113 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic debilitating disease affecting approximately 1% of the population over the age of 60. The severity of PD is correlated to the degree of dopaminergic neuronal loss. Apomorphine has a similar chemical structure as the neurotransmitter dopamine and has been used for the treatment of advanced PD patients. In PD patients, apomorphine is normally administered subcutaneously with frequent injections because of the compound's extensive hepatic first-pass metabolism. There is, hence, a large unmet need for alternative administrative routes for apomorphine to improve patient compliance. The present review focuses on the research and development of alternative delivery of apomorphine, aiming to highlight the potential of non-invasive apomorphine therapy in PD, such as sublingual delivery and transdermal delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nrupa Borkar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
- Corresponding author. Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark. Tel.: +45 71444174.
| | - Huiling Mu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - René Holm
- Drug Product Development, Janssen Research and Development, Johnson & Johnson, Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse, 2340, Belgium
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16
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Dong J, Cui Y, Li S, Le W. Current Pharmaceutical Treatments and Alternative Therapies of Parkinson's Disease. Curr Neuropharmacol 2016; 14:339-55. [PMID: 26585523 PMCID: PMC4876590 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x14666151120123025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the decades, pharmaceutical treatments, particularly dopaminergic (DAergic) drugs have been considered as the main therapy against motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). It is proposed that DAergic drugs in combination with other medications, such as monoamine oxidase type B inhibitors, catechol-O-methyl transferase inhibitors, anticholinergics and other newly developed non-DAergic drugs can make a better control of motor symptoms or alleviate levodopa-induced motor complications. Moreover, non-motor symptoms of PD, such as cognitive, neuropsychiatric, sleep, autonomic and sensory disturbances caused by intrinsic PD pathology or drug-induced side effects, are gaining increasing attention and urgently need to be taken care of due to their impact on quality of life. Currently, neuroprotective therapies have been investigated extensively in pre-clinical studies, and some of them have been subjected to clinical trials. Furthermore, non-pharmaceutical treatments, including deep brain stimulation (DBS), gene therapy, cell replacement therapy and some complementary managements, such as Tai chi, Yoga, traditional herbs and molecular targeted therapies have also been considered as effective alternative therapies to classical pharmaceutics. This review will provide us updated information regarding the current drugs and non-drugs therapies for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Weidong Le
- Neurology and Director of Center for Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, 1st Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116021, Liaoning Province, China.
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17
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Therapies for Parkinson’s diseases: alternatives to current pharmacological interventions. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2016; 123:1279-1299. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-016-1603-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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19
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Zhang S, Shao SY, Song XY, Xia CY, Yang YN, Zhang PC, Chen NH. Protective effects of Forsythia suspense extract with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in a model of rotenone induced neurotoxicity. Neurotoxicology 2016; 52:72-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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20
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Gao B, Chang C, Zhou J, Zhao T, Wang C, Li C, Gao G. Pycnogenol Protects Against Rotenone-Induced Neurotoxicity in PC12 Cells Through Regulating NF-κB-iNOS Signaling Pathway. DNA Cell Biol 2015. [PMID: 26203556 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2015.2953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by dopaminergic neurons degeneration and oxidative damage may underlie this process. However, there are still no efficient drugs to cure the disease. Pycnogenol (PYC) isolated from the procyanidin-rich French maritime pine (Pinus maritime) bark has shown various antioxidant activities in previous studies. In this study, we explored its effect against rotenone (Rot)-induced neurotoxicity and the underlying mechanisms in PC12 cells. Using Rot-induced cell model of PD, we found that PYC treatment significantly increased cell viability and decreased cell apoptosis in Rot-treated PC12 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, data showed that PYC markedly reduced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-nitric oxide (NO) signaling in Rot-treated PC12 cells. Pretreatment with the iNOS-specific inhibitor significantly attenuated Rot-induced neurotoxicity. Moreover, PYC was found to be capable of reducing Rot-induced NF-κB activation. Blocking NF-κB signaling with its inhibitor mimicked the biological effect of PYC on Rot-induced iNOS and NO expression levels, as well as neurotoxicity in PC12 cells, suggesting that the NF-κB-iNOS signaling pathway was likely to participate in the PYC-mediated protective progress. Our results suggest that PYC protects against Rot-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells, and the mechanism may be associated with the downregulation of NF-κB-iNOS signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Gao
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Chongwang Chang
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhou
- 2 Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou Military Region General Hospital , Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianzhi Zhao
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Wang
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Li
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Guodong Gao
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, People's Republic of China
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21
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Akın S, Sari M, Tufan F, Bahat G, Saka B, Erten N, Karan MA. Is inferior vena caval filter an alternative treatment option for geriatric patients that cannot use anticoagulation therapy? Aging Clin Exp Res 2014; 26:73-5. [PMID: 23949974 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-013-0123-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism has been increasing in the elderly because of hypercoagulability associated with aging. Age has also been identified as an independent risk factor for bleeding complications related to anticoagulation therapy. Inferior vena cava filters could be used as alternatives to anticoagulant therapy for the prevention of pulmonary embolism when anticoagulation is either contraindicated or ineffective. Here, we report two geriatric patients who had documented acute DVT and in whom inferior vena caval filter was used because of the patients have a contraindication to use an anticoagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Akın
- Division of Geriatric, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Medical School, Istanbul University, Capa, Istanbul, 34390, Turkey,
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22
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Pienaar IS, Chinnery PF. Existing and emerging mitochondrial-targeting therapies for altering Parkinson's disease severity and progression. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 137:1-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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23
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Pienaar IS, Lu B, Schallert T. Closing the gap between clinic and cage: sensori-motor and cognitive behavioural testing regimens in neurotoxin-induced animal models of Parkinson's disease. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2012; 36:2305-24. [PMID: 22910679 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Animal models that make use of chemical toxins to adversely affect the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway of rodents and primates have contributed significantly towards the development of symptomatic therapies for Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Although their use in developing neuro-therapeutic and -regenerative compounds remains to be ascertained, toxin-based mammalian and a range of non-mammalian models of PD are important tools in the identification and validation of candidate biomarkers for earlier diagnosis, as well as in the development of novel treatments that are currently working their way into the clinic. Toxin models of PD have and continue to be important models to use for understanding the consequences of nigrostriatal dopamine cell loss. Functional assessment of these models is also a critical component for eventual translational success. Sensitive behavioural testing regimens for assessing the extent of dysfunction exhibited in the toxin models, the degree of protection or improvement afforded by potential treatment modalities, and the correlation of these findings with what is observed clinically in PD patients, ultimately determines whether a potential treatment moves to clinical trials. Here, we review existing published work that describes the use of such behavioural outcome measures associated with toxin models of parkinsonism. In particular, we focus on tests assessing sensorimotor and cognitive function, both of which are significantly and progressively impaired in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse S Pienaar
- Institute for Ageing and Health, Department of Neurology, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, United Kingdom.
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