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Margaritelis NV. Personalized redox biology: Designs and concepts. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 208:112-125. [PMID: 37541453 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Personalized interventions are regarded as a next-generation approach in almost all fields of biomedicine, such as clinical medicine, exercise, nutrition and pharmacology. At the same time, an increasing body of evidence indicates that redox processes regulate, at least in part, multiple aspects of human physiology and pathology. As a result, the idea of applying personalized redox treatments to improve their efficacy has gained popularity among researchers in recent years. The aim of the present primer-style review was to highlight some crucial yet underappreciated methodological, statistical, and interpretative concepts within the redox biology literature, while also providing a physiology-oriented perspective on personalized redox biology. The topics addressed are: (i) the critical issue of investigating the potential existence of inter-individual variability; (ii) the importance of distinguishing a genuine and consistent response of a subject from a chance finding; (iii) the challenge of accurately quantifying the effect of a redox treatment when dealing with 'extreme' groups due to mathematical coupling and regression to the mean; and (iv) research designs and analyses that have been implemented in other fields, and can be reframed and exploited in a redox biology context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos V Margaritelis
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Agios Ioannis, 62122, Serres, Greece.
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2
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Sugawara Y, Hirakawa Y, Nagasu H, Narita A, Katayama A, Wada J, Shimizu M, Wada T, Kitamura H, Nakano T, Yokoi H, Yanagita M, Goto S, Narita I, Koshiba S, Tamiya G, Nangaku M, Yamamoto M, Kashihara N. Genome-wide association study of the risk of chronic kidney disease and kidney-related traits in the Japanese population: J-Kidney-Biobank. J Hum Genet 2023; 68:55-64. [PMID: 36404353 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-022-01094-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a syndrome characterized by a gradual loss of kidney function with decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), which may be accompanied by an increase in the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR). Although trans-ethnic genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have been conducted for kidney-related traits, there have been few analyses in the Japanese population, especially for the UACR trait. In this study, we conducted a GWAS to identify loci related to multiple kidney-related traits in Japanese individuals. First, to detect loci associated with CKD, eGFR, and UACR, we performed separate GWASs with the following two datasets: 475 cases of CKD diagnosed at seven university hospitals and 3471 healthy subjects (dataset 1) and 3664 cases of CKD-suspected individuals with eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 or urinary protein ≥ 1+ and 5952 healthy subjects (dataset 2). Second, we performed a meta-analysis between these two datasets and detected the following associated loci: 10 loci for CKD, 9 loci for eGFR, and 22 loci for UACR. Among the loci detected, 22 have never been reported previously. Half of the significant loci for CKD were shared with those for eGFR, whereas most of the loci associated with UACR were different from those associated with CKD or eGFR. The GWAS of the Japanese population identified novel genetic components that were not previously detected. The results also suggest that the group primarily characterized by increased UACR possessed genetically different features from the group characterized by decreased eGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Sugawara
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Hirakawa
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Nagasu
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Akira Narita
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Akihiro Katayama
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Jun Wada
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Miho Shimizu
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Wada
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Kitamura
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension & Strokology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Nakano
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension & Strokology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hideki Yokoi
- Department of Nephrology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Shin Goto
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ichiei Narita
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Seizo Koshiba
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan.,The Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine (INGEM), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Gen Tamiya
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, RIKEN, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaomi Nangaku
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Naoki Kashihara
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan.
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Marchevsky AM, Walts AE, Wick MR. Pathology in the era of "Personalized Medicine": The need to learn how to integrate multivariate immunohistochemical and "omics" data with clinicopathologic information in a clinically relevant way". Ann Diagn Pathol 2019; 43:151410. [PMID: 31689574 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2019.151410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
"Personalized medicine" has been proposed as a new paradigm for patient care that, based on the integration of genomics and other "omics" data with clinical and other multidisciplinary information, promises early disease detection, improved outcomes and reduced side effects to therapies. Pathologists have become important participants in this new approach as the guardians of tissues and experts in the performance of molecular and other laboratory tests. Large amounts of new laboratory data in multiple neoplasms and other entities are being reported but there has been limited discussion about how best to evaluate the clinical significance of this information and how to integrate it into currently available diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. This article introduces a variety of epistemological problems presented by the "personalized medicine" paradigm and briefly discusses various topics that will be evaluated in further detail in future articles of this new series on Evidence-Based Pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto M Marchevsky
- Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles CA, United States of America.
| | - Ann E Walts
- Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles CA, United States of America
| | - Mark R Wick
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
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Dressler LG, Bell GC, Ruch KD, Retamal JD, Krug PB, Paulus RA. Implementing a personalized medicine program in a community health system. Pharmacogenomics 2018; 19:1345-1356. [PMID: 30345883 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2018-0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The implementation of a de novo personalized medicine program in a rural community health system serving an underserved population is described. Focusing on the safe use of drugs impacted by genetic variations in the non-oncology setting, we first addressed drug-gene pairs designated by the US FDA in black-box warnings (codeine, clopidogrel, abacavir, carbamazepine). The program's first success was a policy change to remove codeine from the pediatric formulary, rather than a testing recommendation. Pilot studies were then conducted with primary care providers to get them familiar with pharmacogenetic testing, and a consultative outpatient clinic for patients was developed. The assessment, planning, implementation, challenges, successes and lessons learned are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn G Dressler
- Personalized Medicine Department, Mission Health, 9 Vanderbilt Park Drive, Asheville, NC 28803, USA
| | - Gillian C Bell
- Personalized Medicine Department, Mission Health, 9 Vanderbilt Park Drive, Asheville, NC 28803, USA
| | - Karl D Ruch
- Personalized Medicine Department, Mission Health, 9 Vanderbilt Park Drive, Asheville, NC 28803, USA
| | - Jennifer D Retamal
- Informatics Department, Mission Health, 9 Vanderbilt Park Drive, Asheville, NC 28803, USA
| | - Paige B Krug
- Personalized Medicine Department, Mission Health, 9 Vanderbilt Park Drive, Asheville, NC 28803, USA
| | - Ronald A Paulus
- Office of the CEO, Mission Health, 9 Vanderbilt Park Drive, Asheville, NC 28803, USA
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