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Novice M, Vuong CL, Lee SS, Hinds B, Kozma B. Asymptomatic erythematous plaques on the trunk. JAAD Case Rep 2024; 46:36-39. [PMID: 38510839 PMCID: PMC10950486 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2024.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Madison Novice
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Carrie L. Vuong
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Stephanie S. Lee
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Brian Hinds
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Bonita Kozma
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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2
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Repo PE, Backlund MP, Kivelä TT, Turunen JA. Functional assay for assessment of pathogenicity of BAP1 variants. Hum Mol Genet 2024; 33:426-434. [PMID: 37956408 PMCID: PMC10877462 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddad193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathogenic germline variants in BRCA1-Associated Protein 1 (BAP1) cause BAP1 tumor predisposition syndrome (BAP1-TPDS). Carriers run especially a risk of uveal (UM) and cutaneous melanoma, malignant mesothelioma, and clear cell renal carcinoma. Approximately half of increasingly reported BAP1 variants lack accurate classification. Correct interpretation of pathogenicity can improve prognosis of the patients through tumor screening with better understanding of BAP1-TPDS. METHODS We edited five rare BAP1 variants with differing functional characteristics identified from patients with UM in HAP1 cells using CRISPR-Cas9 and assayed their effect on cell adhesion/spreading (at 4 h) and proliferation (at 48 h), measured as cell index (CI), using xCELLigence real-time analysis system. RESULTS In BAP1 knockout HAP1 cultures, cell number was half of wild type (WT) cultures at 48 h (p = 0.00021), reaching confluence later, and CI was 78% reduced (p < 0.0001). BAP1-TPDS-associated null variants c.67+1G>T and c.1780_1781insT, and a likely pathogenic missense variant c.281A>G reduced adhesion (all p ≤ 0.015) and proliferation by 74%-83% (all p ≤ 0.032). Another likely pathogenic missense variant c.680G>A reduced both by at least 50% (all p ≤ 0.032), whereas cells edited with likely benign one c.1526C>T grew similarly to WT. CONCLUSIONS BAP1 is essential for optimal fitness of HAP1 cells. Pathogenic and likely pathogenic BAP1 variants reduced cell fitness, reflected in adhesion/spreading and proliferation properties. Further, moderate effects were quantifiable. Variant modelling in HAP1 with CRISPR-Cas9 enabled functional analysis of coding and non-coding region variants in an endogenous expression system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauliina E Repo
- Eye Genetics Group, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, FI-00290, Helsinki, Finland
- Ocular Oncology Service, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4 C, PL220, FI-00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michael P Backlund
- Eye Genetics Group, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, FI-00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tero T Kivelä
- Ocular Oncology Service, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4 C, PL220, FI-00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joni A Turunen
- Eye Genetics Group, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, FI-00290, Helsinki, Finland
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Rare Eye Diseases Service, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4 C, PL220, FI-00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
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3
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Alchoueiry M, Cornejo K, Henske EP. Kidney cancer: Links between hereditary syndromes and sporadic tumorigenesis. Semin Diagn Pathol 2024; 41:1-7. [PMID: 38008653 DOI: 10.1053/j.semdp.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Multiple hereditary syndromes predispose to kidney cancer, including Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, BAP1-Tumor Predisposition Syndrome, Hereditary Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma, Tuberous Sclerosis Complex, Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome, Hereditary Paraganglioma-Pheochromocytoma Syndrome, Fumarate Hydratase Tumor Predisposition Syndrome, and Cowden syndrome. In some cases, mutations in the genes that cause hereditary kidney cancer are tightly linked to similar histologic features in sporadic RCC. For example, clear cell RCC occurs in the hereditary syndrome VHL, and sporadic ccRCC usually has inactivation of the VHL gene. In contrast, mutations in FLCN, the causative gene for Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome, are rarely found in sporadic RCC. Here, we focus on the genes and pathways that link hereditary and sporadic RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Alchoueiry
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kristine Cornejo
- Pathology Department, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth P Henske
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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4
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Sturgill IR, Raab JR, Hoadley KA. Expanded detection of BAP1 alterations in cancer and tumor type-specific expression score comparison. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.21.568094. [PMID: 38045292 PMCID: PMC10690206 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.21.568094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
BAP1 is a tumor suppressor gene that was originally studied in uveal melanoma (UVM), kidney renal cell clear cell carcinoma (KIRC), and malignant mesothelioma (MESO). Early analyses focused on single-nucleotide variants, but other alteration types such as larger indels and gene-level copy number (CN) loss can also lead to loss of BAP1 expression. We performed integrated multi-omic analyses using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) for 33 cancer types and more than 10,000 individuals. We combined and manually reviewed existing variant calls and new calls derived from a de novo local realignment pipeline across multiple independent variant callers including indel callers, increasing detection of high-quality somatic variant calls by 30% from 91 to 130, including 7 indels ≥40bp. Including CN loss alterations, 1561 samples from 32 cancer types were BAP1-altered, with alterations being predominantly CN-driven. Differential expression and survival analyses revealed both shared and tissue-specific consequences associated with BAP1 alteration. Our findings broadly emphasize the improvements that are gained by using new computational approaches in large cancer-genome studies such as TCGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R. Sturgill
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Curriculum, Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Jesse R. Raab
- Department of Genetics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Katherine A. Hoadley
- Department of Genetics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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5
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Sortino AMF, Soares de Sá BC, Martins MA, Bertolli E, de Paula RB, Lopes Pinto CA, David Filho WJ, Tavoloni Braga JC, Duprat Neto JP, Carraro DM, Curado MP. Multiple Primary Melanoma: A Five-Year Prospective Single-Center Follow-Up Study of Two MC1R R/R Genotype Carriers. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2102. [PMID: 37895483 PMCID: PMC10608495 DOI: 10.3390/life13102102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple primary melanoma (MPM) is a diagnostic challenge even with ancillary imaging technologies available to dermatologists. In selected patients' phenotypes, the use of imaging approaches can help better understand lesion characteristics, and aid in early diagnosis and management. METHODS Under a 5-year prospective single-center follow-up, 58 s primary melanomas (SPMs) were diagnosed in two first-degree relatives, with fair skin color, red hair, green eyes, and personal history of one previous melanoma each. Patients' behavior and descriptive demographic data were collected from medical records. The information on the first two primary melanomas (PMs) were retrieved from pathology reports. The characteristics of 60 melanomas were collected from medical records, video dermoscopy software, and pathology reports. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) was performed prior to excision of 22 randomly selected melanomas. RESULTS From February 2018 to May 2023, two patients underwent a pooled total of 214 excisional biopsies of suspect lesions, resulting in a combined benign versus malignant treatment ratio (NNT) of 2.0:1.0. The number of moles excised for each melanoma diagnosed (NNE) was 1.7:1.0 and 6.9:1.0 for the female and male patient respectively. The in-situ melanoma/invasive melanoma ratio (IIR) demonstrated a higher proportion of in-situ melanomas for both patients. From June 2018 to May 2023, a total of 58 SPMs were detected by the combination of total body skin exam (TBSE), total body skin photography (TBSP), digital dermoscopy (DD), and sequential digital dermoscopy imaging (SDDI) via comparative approach. The younger patient had her PM one month prior to the second and third cutaneous melanomas (CMs), characterizing a case of synchronous primary CM. The male older relative had a total of 7 nonsynchronous melanomas. CONCLUSIONS This CM cohort is composed of 83.3% in-situ melanoma and 16.7% invasive melanoma. Both patients had a higher percentage of SPM with clinical nevus-like morphology (84.5%), global dermoscopic pattern of asymmetric multiple component (60.3%) and located on the lower limbs (46.6%). When RCM was performed prior to excision, 81% of SPM had features suggestive of malignancy. As well, invasive melanomas were more frequent in the lower limbs (40%). In the multivariate model, for the two high-risk patients studied, the chance of a not associated with nevus ("de novo") invasive SPM diagnosis is 25 times greater than the chance of a diagnosis of a nevus-associated invasive SPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Fagundes Sortino
- Clínica Dermatológica Dermatis, Rua Joaquim Floriano 466, Itaim Bibi, São Paulo 04534-002, SP, Brazil
- Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Rua Dona Adma Jafet 115, Bela Vista, São Paulo 01308-050, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Alberto Martins
- Centro Universitário Saúde ABC, Surgery Department, Avenida Lauro Gomes 2000, Vila Sacadura Cabral, Santo André 09060-870, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Bertolli
- Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Rua Dona Adma Jafet 115, Bela Vista, São Paulo 01308-050, SP, Brazil
- A Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo–BP Mirante, Rua Martiniano de Carvalho 965, Bela Vista, São Paulo 01323-001, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Brito de Paula
- AC Camargo Cancer Center, Rua Pires da Mota 1.167, Aclimação, São Paulo 01529-001, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Waldec Jorge David Filho
- Hospital Alemão Oswaldo-Cruz, Rua Treze de Maio 1815, Bela Vista, São Paulo 01323-903, SP, Brazil;
| | | | | | - Dirce Maria Carraro
- AC Camargo Cancer Center, Rua Pires da Mota 1.167, Aclimação, São Paulo 01529-001, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Paula Curado
- AC Camargo Cancer Center, Rua Pires da Mota 1.167, Aclimação, São Paulo 01529-001, SP, Brazil
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6
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Sahin U, Barghorn A, Kilian K. BAP1 inactivated melanocytic tumor: a case report. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2023; 21:1231-1233. [PMID: 37605502 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.15189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ugur Sahin
- Decamed, Haut- und Laserzentrum, Zürich, Schweiz
| | | | - Katharina Kilian
- Decamed, Haut- und Laserzentrum, Zürich, Schweiz
- Klinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum, LMU München, München, Deutschland
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7
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Sahin U, Barghorn A, Kilian K. BAP1-inaktivierter melanozytärer Tumor: ein Fallbericht: BAP1 inactivated melanocytic tumor: a case report. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2023; 21:1231-1234. [PMID: 37845062 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.15189_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ugur Sahin
- Decamed, Haut- und Laserzentrum, Zürich, Schweiz
| | | | - Katharina Kilian
- Decamed, Haut- und Laserzentrum, Zürich, Schweiz
- Klinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum LMU München, München, Deutschland
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8
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Silva-Clavería F, Álvarez-Muñoz A, Ferrándiz L, Fernández-Orland A, Conde-Martin AF, Moreno-Ramírez D, Ríos-Martín JJ. Difficult to Diagnose Cutaneous Melanoma in a Patient with BAP1 Tumor Predisposition Syndrome. Int J Surg Pathol 2023; 31:1398-1402. [PMID: 36803128 DOI: 10.1177/10668969231152579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1)-inactivated melanomas can occur sporadically or in germline contexts, particularly in recently recognized BAP1-tumor predisposition syndrome. Diagnosis represents a clinical and histopathological challenge, requiring comprehensive analysis of morphology and sometimes molecular analysis in addition to immunohistochemistry. We report a BAP1-inactivated cutaneous melanoma initially diagnosed as an atypical Spitz tumor on the auricle in a patient with BAP1-tumor predisposition syndrome. Immunohistochemistry, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and comparative genomic hybridization allowed diagnosis. Cutaneous BAP1-inactivated melanocytic tumors, previously classified as atypical Spitz Nevi, may have a dermal mitotic activity that can resemble melanoma and on the other hand, atypical Spitz tumors are sometimes difficult to differentiate from BAP1-inactivated melanoma. Specific criteria, requiring molecular diagnosis have been proposed in order to support melanoma diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Silva-Clavería
- Melanoma Unit, Department of Medical & Surgical Dermatology, University Hospital Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Lara Ferrándiz
- Melanoma Unit, Department of Medical & Surgical Dermatology, University Hospital Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain
| | - Almudena Fernández-Orland
- Melanoma Unit, Department of Medical & Surgical Dermatology, University Hospital Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain
| | | | - David Moreno-Ramírez
- Melanoma Unit, Department of Medical & Surgical Dermatology, University Hospital Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain
| | - Juan J Ríos-Martín
- Pathology Department, University Hospital Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain
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9
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Carlo MI. Hereditary Renal Cell Carcinoma Syndromes. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2023; 37:841-848. [PMID: 37258351 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2023.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Up to 5% of renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) can be associated with a known hereditary RCC syndrome. In addition to the well-characterized RCC syndromes, there are also emerging syndromes associated with increased RCC risk. In the last few years, consensus guidelines have outlined recommendations for who should be referred for genetic evaluation, and what screening should be done for early detection of RCC. Although much progress has been made, work is still needed-guidelines are still mostly based on expert opinion and the role of emerging genetic associations will need to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria I Carlo
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Clinical Genetics Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 353 East 68th Street. New York, NY 10065, USA.
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10
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Roccuzzo G, Giordano S, Granato T, Cavallo F, Mastorino L, Avallone G, Pasini B, Quaglino P, Ribero S. Phenotypic and Dermoscopic Patterns of Familial Melanocytic Lesions: A Pilot Study in a Third-Level Center. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3772. [PMID: 37568588 PMCID: PMC10416987 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is a highly aggressive skin cancer. It is estimated that 5% to 10% of the underlying mutations are hereditary and responsible for familial (or hereditary) melanoma. These patients are prone to the early development and higher risk of multiple melanomas. In recent years, an increasing number of genes have been identified thanks to genetic testing, allowing the subsequent surveillance of individuals at risk, yet it is still difficult to predict the presence of these mutations on a clinical basis. In this scenario, specific phenotypic and dermoscopic features could help clinicians in their identification. The aim of this work has been to correlate mutations to prevalent dermoscopic patterns, paving the way for reference models useful in clinical practice. In our cohort, out of 115 patients referred to genetic counseling for melanoma, 25 tested positive (21.7%) for critical mutations: CDKN2A (n = 12), MITF (n = 3), BAP1 (n = 1), MC1R (n = 3), PTEN (n = 1), TYR (n = 2), OCA2 (n = 1), and SLC45A2 (n = 2). The phenotype profiles obtained through the digital acquisition, analysis, and description of both benign and malignant pigmented lesions showed a predominance of the type II skin phenotype, with an elevated mean total nevus number (182 moles, range 75-390). As for dermoscopic features, specific mutation-related patterns were described in terms of pigmentation, areas of regression, and vascular structures. Although further studies with larger cohorts are needed, our work represents the beginning of a new approach to the study and diagnosis of familial melanoma, underlining the importance of clinical and dermoscopic patterns, which may constitute a reference model for each gene, enabling comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Roccuzzo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Giordano
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Thomas Granato
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Cavallo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Luca Mastorino
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Gianluca Avallone
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Barbara Pasini
- Medical Genetics Unit, AOU ‘Città Della Salute e Della Scienza’-‘Molinette’ Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Pietro Quaglino
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Simone Ribero
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
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11
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Karnan S, Ota A, Murakami H, Rahman ML, Wahiduzzaman M, Hasan MN, Vu LQ, Hanamura I, Inoko A, Riku M, Ito H, Kaneko Y, Hyodo T, Konishi H, Tsuzuki S, Hosokawa Y. CAMK2D: a novel molecular target for BAP1-deficient malignant mesothelioma. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:257. [PMID: 37479714 PMCID: PMC10362017 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01552-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MMe) is a rare but aggressive malignancy. Although the molecular genetics of MMe is known, including BRCA1-associated protein-1 (BAP1) gene alterations, the prognosis of MMe patients remains poor. Here, we generated BAP1 knockout (BAP1-KO) human mesothelial cell clones to develop molecular-targeted therapeutics based on genetic alterations in MMe. cDNA microarray and quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) analyses revealed high expression of a calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit delta (CAMK2D) gene in the BAP1-KO cells. CAMK2D was highly expressed in 70% of the human MMe tissues (56/80) and correlated with the loss of BAP1 expression, making it a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for BAP1-deficient MMe. We screened an anticancer drugs library using BAP1-KO cells and successfully identified a CaMKII inhibitor, KN-93, which displayed a more potent and selective antiproliferative effect against BAP1-deficient cells than cisplatin or pemetrexed. KN-93 significantly suppressed the tumor growth in mice xenografted with BAP1-deficient MMe cells. This study is the first to provide a potential molecular-targeted therapeutic approach for BAP1-deficient MMe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivasundaram Karnan
- Department of Biochemistry, , Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Akinobu Ota
- Department of Biochemistry, , Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Nutritional Environment, College of Human Life and Environment, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya, 463-8521, Japan
| | - Hideki Murakami
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Md Lutfur Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry, , Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Md Wahiduzzaman
- Department of Biochemistry, , Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, US
- Eukaryotic Gene Expression and Function (EuGEF) Research Group, Chattogram, 4000, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Nazmul Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry, , Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
- Eukaryotic Gene Expression and Function (EuGEF) Research Group, Chattogram, 4000, Bangladesh
| | - Lam Quang Vu
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ichiro Hanamura
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akihito Inoko
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Miho Riku
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hideaki Ito
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Kaneko
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Toshinori Hyodo
- Department of Biochemistry, , Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Konishi
- Department of Biochemistry, , Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shinobu Tsuzuki
- Department of Biochemistry, , Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hosokawa
- Department of Biochemistry, , Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan.
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12
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Goldstein AM, Qin R, Chu EY, Elder DE, Massi D, Adams DJ, Harms PW, Robles-Espinoza CD, Newton-Bishop JA, Bishop DT, Harland M, Holland EA, Cust AE, Schmid H, Mann GJ, Puig S, Potrony M, Alos L, Nagore E, Millán-Esteban D, Hayward NK, Broit N, Palmer JM, Nathan V, Berry EG, Astiazaran-Symonds E, Yang XR, Tucker MA, Landi MT, Pfeiffer RM, Sargen MR. Association of germline variants in telomere maintenance genes ( POT1, TERF2IP, ACD, and TERT) with spitzoid morphology in familial melanoma: A multi-center case series. JAAD Int 2023; 11:43-51. [PMID: 36876055 PMCID: PMC9978843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdin.2023.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Spitzoid morphology in familial melanoma has been associated with germline variants in POT1, a telomere maintenance gene (TMG), suggesting a link between telomere biology and spitzoid differentiation. Objective To assess if familial melanoma cases associated with germline variants in TMG (POT1, ACD, TERF2IP, and TERT) commonly exhibit spitzoid morphology. Methods In this case series, melanomas were classified as having spitzoid morphology if at least 3 of 4 dermatopathologists reported this finding in ≥25% of tumor cells. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) of spitzoid morphology compared to familial melanomas from unmatched noncarriers that were previously reviewed by a National Cancer Institute dermatopathologist. Results Spitzoid morphology was observed in 77% (23 of 30), 75% (3 of 4), 50% (2 of 4), and 50% (1 of 2) of melanomas from individuals with germline variants in POT1, TERF2IP, ACD, and TERT, respectively. Compared to noncarriers (n = 139 melanomas), POT1 carriers (OR = 225.1, 95% confidence interval: 51.7-980.5; P < .001) and individuals with TERF2IP, ACD, and TERT variants (OR = 82.4, 95% confidence interval: 21.3-494.6; P < .001) had increased odds of spitzoid morphology. Limitations Findings may not be generalizable to nonfamilial melanoma cases. Conclusion Spitzoid morphology in familial melanoma could suggest germline alteration of TMG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa M. Goldstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Richard Qin
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Emily Y. Chu
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David E. Elder
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniela Massi
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - David J. Adams
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, England
| | - Paul W. Harms
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Carla Daniela Robles-Espinoza
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, England
- Laboratorio Internacional de Investigación sobre el Genoma Humano, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Santiago de Querétaro, Qro, Mexico
| | - Julia A. Newton-Bishop
- Division of Haematology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Research at St James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds, England
| | - D. Timothy Bishop
- Division of Haematology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Research at St James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds, England
| | - Mark Harland
- Division of Haematology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Research at St James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds, England
| | - Elizabeth A. Holland
- The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council, NSW, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anne E. Cust
- The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council, NSW, Sydney, Australia
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Helen Schmid
- The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council, NSW, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Graham J. Mann
- Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Susana Puig
- Melanoma Unit, Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona University, Barcelona, Spain
- Centre of Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Potrony
- Centre of Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
- Melanoma Unit, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Llucia Alos
- Pathology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Nagore
- Department of Dermatology, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, València, Spain
- School of Medicine, Universidad Católica de València San Vicente Mártir, València, Spain
| | - David Millán-Esteban
- Department of Dermatology, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, València, Spain
- School of Medicine, Universidad Católica de València San Vicente Mártir, València, Spain
| | | | - Natasa Broit
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Jane M. Palmer
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Vaishnavi Nathan
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Elizabeth G. Berry
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | | | - Xiaohong R. Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Margaret A. Tucker
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Maria Teresa Landi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Ruth M. Pfeiffer
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Michael R. Sargen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
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Hathaway F, Martins R, Sorscher S, Bzura A, Dudbridge F, Fennell DA. Family Matters: Germline Testing in Thoracic Cancers. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2023; 43:e389956. [PMID: 37167572 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_389956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Most thoracic cancers arise via a series of stepwise somatic alterations driven by a well-defined carcinogen (ie, tobacco or asbestos for lung cancer and mesothelioma, respectively). A small proportion can emerge on a background of pathogenic germline variants (PGVs), which have the property of heritability. In general, PGVs may be initially suspected on the basis of the presence of specific clinical features. Such gene × environment interactions significantly increase the risk of developing lung cancer (1.5- to 3.2-fold). PGVs have been discovered involving the actionable driver oncogene, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), with an EGFR T790M PGV rate of 0.3%-0.9% in the nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer subtype. Its appearance during routine somatic DNA sequencing in those patients who have not had a previous tyrosine kinase inhibitor should raise suspicion. In patients with sporadic mesothelioma, BAP1 is the most frequently mutated tumor driver, with a PGV rate between 2.8% and 8%, associated with a favorable prognosis. BAP1 PGVs accelerate mesothelioma tumorigenesis after asbestos exposure in preclinical models and may be partly predicted by clinical criteria. At present, routine germline genetic testing for thoracic cancers is not a standard practice. Expert genetic counseling is, therefore, required for patients who carry a PGV. Ongoing studies aim to better understand the natural history of patients harboring PGVs to underpin future cancer prevention, precise counseling, and cancer management with the goal of improving the quality and length of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feighanne Hathaway
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, The University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Renato Martins
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Care, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | | | | | | | - Dean A Fennell
- The University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, United Kingdom
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BAP1-inactivated Melanocytic Tumor: Dermoscopic Features to Aid Diagnosis. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2023; 114:156-157. [PMID: 36216154 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2021.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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15
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Fustà-Novell X, García-Herrera A, Yélamos O. [Translated article] BAP1-inactivated Melanocytic Tumor: Dermoscopic Features to Aid Diagnosis. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2023; 114:T156-T157. [PMID: 36464005 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2022.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- X Fustà-Novell
- Servicio de Dermatología, Althaia, Xarxa Assistencial Universitària de Manresa, Spain.
| | - A García-Herrera
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - O Yélamos
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
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16
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Borowczyk M, Dobosz P, Szczepanek-Parulska E, Budny B, Dębicki S, Filipowicz D, Wrotkowska E, Oszywa M, Verburg FA, Janicka-Jedyńska M, Ziemnicka K, Ruchała M. Follicular Thyroid Adenoma and Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma-A Common or Distinct Background? Loss of Heterozygosity in Comprehensive Microarray Study. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030638. [PMID: 36765597 PMCID: PMC9913827 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pre- and postsurgical differentiation between follicular thyroid adenoma (FTA) and follicular thyroid cancer (FTC) represents a significant diagnostic challenge. Furthermore, it remains unclear whether they share a common or distinct background and what the mechanisms underlying follicular thyroid lesions malignancy are. The study aimed to compare FTA and FTC by the comprehensive microarray and to identify recurrent regions of loss of heterozygosity (LOH). We analyzed formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples acquired from 32 Caucasian patients diagnosed with FTA (16) and FTC (16). We used the OncoScan™ microarray assay (Affymetrix, USA), using highly multiplexed molecular inversion probes for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). The total number of LOH was higher in FTC compared with FTA (18 vs. 15). The most common LOH present in 21 cases, in both FTA (10 cases) and FTC (11 cases), was 16p12.1, which encompasses many cancer-related genes, such as TP53, and was followed by 3p21.31. The only LOH present exclusively in FTA patients (56% vs. 0%) was 11p11.2-p11.12. The alteration which tended to be detected more often in FTC (6 vs. 1 in FTA) was 12q24.11-q24.13 overlapping FOXN4, MYL2, PTPN11 genes. FTA and FTC may share a common genetic background, even though differentiating rearrangements may also be detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Borowczyk
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Medical Simulation, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-512131285
| | - Paula Dobosz
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Interior Affairs and Administration, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewelina Szczepanek-Parulska
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Budny
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Szymon Dębicki
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Dorota Filipowicz
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Wrotkowska
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Michalina Oszywa
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Frederik A. Verburg
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Katarzyna Ziemnicka
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marek Ruchała
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
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17
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Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12123009. [PMID: 36553016 PMCID: PMC9776695 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12123009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma is a rare cancer characterized by a very poor prognosis. Exposure to asbestos is the leading cause of malignant pleural mesothelioma. The preinvasive lesions, the mesothelial hyperplasia and its possible evolution are the focus of the majority of the studies aiming to identify the treatable phase of the disease. The role of BAP-1 and MTAP in the diagnosis of mesothelioma in situ and in the prognosis of malignant pleural mesothelioma is the main topic of recent studies. The management of preinvasive lesions in mesothelioma is still unclear and many aspects are the subject of debate. The diagnosis, the disease staging and the accurate, comprehensive assessment of patients are three key instants for an appropriate management of patients/the disease.
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18
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Perera ND, Mansfield AS. The Evolving Therapeutic Landscape for Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma. Curr Oncol Rep 2022; 24:1413-1423. [PMID: 35657483 PMCID: PMC9613518 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-022-01302-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW For patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma, prognosis is poor with extremely low 5-year survival rates and limited therapeutic options. Here, we review the current treatment landscape for mesothelioma and highlight promising future therapeutic directions. RECENT FINDINGS Evolving frontline therapeutic options for mesothelioma include VEGF inhibition in combination with chemotherapy and dual immune checkpoint inhibition, with synergisms between the therapies and response prediction via biomarkers also being explored. Evolving experimental treatments for mesothelioma include PARP and ALK inhibitors, dendritic and CAR T-cell therapies, anti-mesothelin vaccines, and oncolytic viral therapies, representing timely advances in the field. The therapeutic landscape for malignant pleural mesothelioma is evolving and preferred treatment in the frontline and later settings will likely evolve with it. However, this does not preclude the evidence for including multi-modal therapies spanning angiogenesis and immune checkpoint inhibitors, and biomarker utilization, in current clinical trials and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirosha D Perera
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Aaron S Mansfield
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recognition of skin findings associated with tumor predisposition syndromes can prompt early evaluation and surveillance and improve management. Additionally, knowing when to test and when to defer performing genetic testing can streamline management. This article reviews tumor predisposition syndromes with recently characterized skin findings and disorders for which early recognition and counseling can impact the course of disease. RECENT FINDINGS Café au lait macules (CALMs) are important in many tumor predisposition syndromes, and 'atypical' CALMs are associated with constitutional mismatch repair deficiency and Fanconi anemia. Melanoma predisposition syndromes caused by pathogenic variants in POT1 and BAP1 are more recently described, and both are associated with Spitzoid tumors. Somatic pathogenic variants can cause segmental nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome and a mosaic form of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. Patients with PTEN hamartoma syndrome have increased risk for melanoma but this might not occur until adulthood. SUMMARY The cutaneous manifestations of tumor predisposition syndromes can aid diagnosis. Early photoprotection is key to modifying a main risk factor for skin cancer in many of these syndromes. Implementing surveillance guidelines facilitates early detection of tumors.
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20
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Donati M, Martinek P, Steiner P, Grossmann P, Vanecek T, Kastnerova L, Kolm I, Baneckova M, Donati P, Kletskaya I, Kalmykova A, Feit J, Blasch P, Szilagyi D, Baldi A, Persichetti P, Crescenzi A, Michal M, Kazakov DV. Novel insights into the BAP1-inactivated melanocytic tumor. Mod Pathol 2022; 35:664-675. [PMID: 34857909 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-021-00976-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BAP1-inactivated melanocytic tumor (BIMT) is a group of melanocytic neoplasms with epithelioid cell morphology molecularly characterized by the loss of function of BAP1, a tumor suppressor gene located on chromosome 3p21, and a mutually exclusive mitogenic driver mutation, more commonly BRAF. BIMTs can occur as a sporadic lesion or, less commonly, in the setting of an autosomal dominant cancer susceptibility syndrome caused by a BAP1 germline inactivating mutation. Owing to the frequent identification of remnants of a conventional nevus, BIMTs are currently classified within the group of combined melanocytic nevi. "Pure" lesions can also be observed. We studied 50 BIMTs from 36 patients. Most lesions were composed of epithelioid melanocytes of varying size and shapes, resulting extreme cytomorphological heterogeneity. Several distinctive morphological variants of multinucleated/giant cells were identified. Some hitherto underrecognized microscopic features, especially regarding nuclear characteristics included nuclear blebbing, nuclear budding, micronuclei, shadow nuclei, peculiar cytoplasmic projections (ant-bear cells) often containing micronuclei and cell-in-cell structures (entosis). In addition, there were mixed nests of conventional and BAP1-inactivated melanocytes and squeezed remnants of the original nevus. Of the 26 lesions studied, 24 yielded a BRAF mutation, while in the remaining two cases there was a RAF1 fusion. BAP1 biallelic and singe allele mutations were found in 4/22 and 16/24 neoplasms, respectively. In five patients, there was a BAP1 germline mutation. Six novel, previously unreported BAP1 mutations have been identified. BAP1 heterozygous loss was detected in 11/22 lesions. Fluorescence in situ hybridization for copy number changes revealed a related amplification of both RREB1 and MYC genes in one tumor, whereas the remaining 20 lesions studied were negative; no TERT-p mutation was found in 14 studied neoplasms. Tetraploidy was identified in 5/21 BIMTs. Of the 21 patients with available follow-up, only one child had a locoregional lymph node metastasis. Our results support a progression of BIMTs from a conventional BRAF mutated in which the original nevus is gradually replaced by epithelioid BAP1-inactivated melanocytes. Some features suggest more complex underlying pathophysiological events that need to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Donati
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy.,Sikl's Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | | | - Liubov Kastnerova
- Sikl's Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Bioptical Laboratory, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Isabel Kolm
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martina Baneckova
- Sikl's Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Bioptical Laboratory, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | | | - Irina Kletskaya
- Russian Children's Clinical Hospital of Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare, Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Josef Feit
- Institute of Pathology, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Blasch
- Department of Pathology, Regional Hospital, Hranice, Czech Republic
| | - Diana Szilagyi
- Department of Pathology, Emergency Clinical County Hospital "Pius Brinzeu", Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alfonso Baldi
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Paolo Persichetti
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico di Roma University, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Crescenzi
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Michal Michal
- Sikl's Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Bioptical Laboratory, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Dmitry V Kazakov
- Sikl's Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic. .,Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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21
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Liu RJ, Xu ZP, Li SY, Yu JJ, Feng NH, Xu B, Chen M. BAP1-Related ceRNA (NEAT1/miR-10a-5p/SERPINE1) Promotes Proliferation and Migration of Kidney Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2022; 12:852515. [PMID: 35425712 PMCID: PMC9004599 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.852515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background BAP1 is an important tumor suppressor involved in various biological processes and is commonly lost or inactivated in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). However, the role of the BAP1-deficient tumor competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network involved in ccRCC remains unclear. Thus, this study aims to investigate the prognostic BAP1-related ceRNA in ccRCC. Methods Raw data was obtained from the TCGA and the differentially expressed genes were screened to establish a BAP1-related ceRNA network. Subsequently, the role of the ceRNA axis was validated using phenotypic experiments. Dual-luciferase reporter assays and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assays were used to confirm the ceRNA network. Results Nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) expression was significantly increased in kidney cancer cell lines. NEAT1 knockdown significantly inhibited cell proliferation and migration, which could be reversed by miR-10a-5p inhibitor. Dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed miR-10a-5p as a common target of NEAT1 and Serine protease inhibitor family E member 1 (SERPINE1). FISH assays revealed the co-localization of NEAT1 and miR-10a-5p in the cytoplasm. Additionally, the methylation level of SERPINE1 in ccRCC was significantly lower than that in normal tissues. Furthermore, SERPINE1 expression was positively correlated with multiple immune cell infiltration levels. Conclusions In BAP1-deficient ccRCC, NEAT1 competitively binds to miR-10a-5p, indirectly upregulating SERPINE1 expression to promote kidney cancer cell proliferation. Furthermore, NEAT1/miR-10a-5p/SERPINE1 were found to be independent prognostic factors of ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Ji Liu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Surgical Research Center, Institute of Urology, Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Xu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Surgical Research Center, Institute of Urology, Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Shu-Ying Li
- Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Cancer Hospital affiliate to School of Medicine, UESTC, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun-Jie Yu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Surgical Research Center, Institute of Urology, Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning-Han Feng
- Department of Urology, Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Surgical Research Center, Institute of Urology, Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Surgical Research Center, Institute of Urology, Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Lishui District People's Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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22
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BAP1-defficient breast cancer in a patient with BAP1 cancer syndrome. Breast Cancer 2022; 29:921-927. [PMID: 35381901 PMCID: PMC9385750 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-022-01354-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BAP1 cancer syndrome is a rare and highly penetrant hereditary cancer predisposition. Uveal melanoma, mesothelioma, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and cutaneous melanoma are considered BAP1 cancer syndrome core cancers, whereas association with breast cancer has previously been suggested but not confirmed so far. In view of BAP1 immunomodulatory functions, BAP1 alterations could prove useful as possible biomarkers of response to immunotherapy in patients with BAP1-associated cancers. We present a case of a patient with BAP1 cancer syndrome who developed a metastatic breast cancer with loss of BAP1 demonstrated on immunohistochemistry. She carried a germline BAP1 likely pathogenic variant (c.898_899delAG p.(Arg300Glyfs*6)). In addition, tumor tissue sequencing identified a concurrent somatic variant in BAP1 (partial deletion of exon 12) and a low tumor mutational burden. As her triple negative tumor was shown to be PD-L1 positive, the patient was treated with combination of atezolizumab and nab-paclitaxel. She had a complete and sustained response to immunotherapy even after discontinuation of nab-paclitaxel. This case strengthens the evidence for including breast cancer in the BAP1 cancer syndrome tumor spectrum with implications for future cancer prevention programs. It also indicates immune checkpoint inhibitors might prove to be an effective treatment for BAP1-deficient breast cancer.
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23
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Carbone M, Pass HI, Ak G, Alexander HR, Baas P, Baumann F, Blakely AM, Bueno R, Bzura. A, Cardillo G, Churpek JE, Dianzani I, De Rienzo A, Emi M, Emri S, Felley-Bosco E, Fennell DA, Flores RM, Grosso F, Hayward NK, Hesdorffer M, Hoang CD, Johansson PA, Kindler HL, Kittaneh M, Krausz T, Mansfield A, Metintas M, Minaai M, Mutti L, Nielsen M, O’Byrne K, Opitz I, Pastorino S, Pentimalli F, de Perrot M, Pritchard A, Ripley RT, Robinson B, Rusch V, Taioli E, Takinishi Y, Tanji M, Tsao AS, Tuncer AM, Walpole S, Wolf A, Yang H, Yoshikawa Y, Zolodnick A, Schrump DS, Hassan R. Medical and surgical care of mesothelioma patients and their relatives carrying germline BAP1 mutations. J Thorac Oncol 2022; 17:873-889. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
Though melanocytic nevi are ubiquitous in the general population, they can also be key cutaneous manifestations of genetic syndromes. We describe genodermatoses associated with melanocytic nevi and discuss their clinical characteristics, cutaneous manifestations, underlying genetics, and, if applicable, guidelines for when genetic testing should be performed. We categorized these genodermatoses based on their association with congenital nevi, acquired nevi, or nevi whose first appearance is unknown. In many cases, the distinctive morphology or distribution of melanocytic nevi can be an important clue that an underlying genetic syndrome is present, allowing both the patient as well as family members to be screened for the more serious complications of their genetic disorder and receive education on potential preventative measures. As we continue to advance our understanding of how various genotypes give rise to the wide spectrum of phenotypes observed in these genodermatoses, we shall be able to better stratify risk and tailor our screening methods to clinically manage the heterogeneous manifestations of genodermatoses among these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Y Ramseier
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Sara H Perkins
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520.
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25
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Gene Expression and Mutational Profile in BAP-1 Inactivated Melanocytic Lesions of Progressive Malignancy from a Patient with Multiple Lesions. Genes (Basel) 2021; 13:genes13010010. [PMID: 35052351 PMCID: PMC8774463 DOI: 10.3390/genes13010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BAP-1 (BRCA1-associated protein 1) inactivated melanocytic lesions are a group of familial or sporadic lesions with unique histology and molecular features. They are of great clinical interest, at least in part due to the potential for malignant transformation and association with a familial cancer predisposition syndrome. Here, we describe a patient with multiple spatially and temporally distinct melanocytic lesions with loss of BAP1 expression by immunohistochemistry. RNA sequencing was performed on three independent lesions spanning the morphologic spectrum: a benign nevus, an atypical tumor, and a melanoma arising from a pre-existing BAP1-inactivated nevus. The three lesions demonstrated largely distinct gene expression and mutational profiles. Gene expression analysis revealed that genes involved in receptor protein kinase pathways were progressively upregulated from nevus to melanoma. Moreover, a clear enrichment of genes regulated in response to UV radiation was found in the melanoma from this patient, as well as upregulation of MAPK pathway-related genes and several transcription factors related to melanomagenesis.
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26
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Hajj GNM, Cavarson CH, Pinto CAL, Venturi G, Navarro JR, Lima VCCD. Malignant pleural mesothelioma: an update. J Bras Pneumol 2021; 47:e20210129. [PMID: 34909922 PMCID: PMC8836658 DOI: 10.36416/1806-3756/e20210129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesotheliomas are rare types of cancers that affect the mesothelial surfaces, usually the pleura and peritoneum. They are associated with asbestos exposure, but due to a latency period of more than 30 years and difficult diagnosis, most cases are not detected until they reach advanced stages. Treatment options for this tumor type are very limited and survival ranges from 12 to 36 months. This review discusses the molecular physiopathology, current diagnosis, and latest therapeutic options for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glaucia N M Hajj
- Instituto International de Pesquisa, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo (SP), Brasil.,Instituto Nacional de Oncogenômica e Inovação Terapêutica, São Paulo (SP), Brasil
| | - Carolina H Cavarson
- Instituto International de Pesquisa, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo (SP), Brasil.,Instituto Nacional de Oncogenômica e Inovação Terapêutica, São Paulo (SP), Brasil
| | | | - Gabriela Venturi
- Instituto International de Pesquisa, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo (SP), Brasil.,BP Mirante, São Paulo (SP), Brasil
| | | | - Vladmir C Cordeiro de Lima
- Instituto Nacional de Oncogenômica e Inovação Terapêutica, São Paulo (SP), Brasil.,Rede D'Or, São Paulo (SP), Brasil
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27
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Landry AP, Wang JZ, Nassiri F, Patil V, Gao A, Zadeh G. BAP1-deficient meningioma presenting with trabecular architecture and cytokeratin expression: a report of two cases and review of the literature. J Clin Pathol 2021; 76:315-319. [PMID: 34907091 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2021-207952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIMS BRCA (BReast CAncer gene)-associated protein 1 (BAP1), encoded by the BAP1 gene, a tumour suppressor that is lost in several cancers. Importantly, such mutations have been shown to be susceptible to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition in preclinical studies, offering hope for targeted therapy. While rare, BAP1 loss has been observed in a subset of rhabdoid and papillary meningioma and is associated with earlier recurrence. We seek to add to the literature on this rare disease and advocate for more routine BAP1 testing. METHODS We present a report of two cases of BAP1-deficient meningioma and review the available literature on this rare entity. RESULTS Both cases present with a distinct trabecular architecture without rhabdoid or papillary features. Interestingly, both also presented with radiographic and histopathological findings unusual for meningioma. While immunohistochemistry and genetic sequencing confirmed BAP1 loss, DNA methylation analysis was required to confirm the final diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that BAP1-deficient meningioma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of extra-axial central nervous system (CNS) tumours with atypical imaging or histopathological features and that BAP1 loss may constitute a clinically important meningioma subtype with opportunities for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P Landry
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Justin Z Wang
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Farshad Nassiri
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vikas Patil
- Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Gao
- Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gelareh Zadeh
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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28
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Prasad RN, Gardner UG, Yaney A, Prevedello DM, Koboldt DC, Thomas DL, Mardis ER, Palmer JD. Germline BAP1 Mutation in a Family With Multi-Generational Meningioma With Rhabdoid Features: A Case Series and Literature Review. Front Oncol 2021; 11:721712. [PMID: 34504799 PMCID: PMC8421801 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.721712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Meningioma is the most common primary brain tumor, and recurrence risk increases with increasing WHO Grade from I to III. Rhabdoid meningiomas are a subset of WHO Grade III tumors with rhabdoid cells, a high proliferation index, and other malignant features that follow an aggressive clinical course. Some meningiomas with rhabdoid features either only focally or without other malignant features are classified as lower grade yet still recur early. Recently, inactivating mutations in the tumor suppressor gene BAP1 have been associated with poorer prognosis in rhabdoid meningioma and meningioma with rhabdoid features, and germline mutations have been linked to a hereditary tumor predisposition syndrome (TPDS) predisposing patients primarily to melanoma and mesothelioma. We present the first report of a familial BAP1 inactivating mutation identified after multiple generations of a family presented with meningiomas with rhabdoid features instead of with previously described BAP1 loss-associated malignancies. A 24-year-old female presented with a Grade II meningioma with rhabdoid and papillary features treated with subtotal resection, adjuvant external beam radiation therapy, and salvage gamma knife radiosurgery six years later. Around that time, her mother presented with a meningioma with rhabdoid and papillary features managed with resection and adjuvant radiation therapy. Germline testing was positive for a pathogenic BAP1 mutation in both patients. Sequencing of both tumors demonstrated biallelic BAP1 inactivation via the combination of germline BAP1 mutation and either loss of heterozygosity or somatic mutation. No additional mutations implicated in oncogenesis were noted from either patient's germline or tumor sequencing, suggesting that the inactivation of BAP1 was responsible for pathogenesis. These cases demonstrate the importance of routine BAP1 tumor testing in meningioma with rhabdoid features regardless of grade, germline testing for patients with BAP1 inactivated tumors, and tailored cancer screening in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul N Prasad
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center-Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ulysses G Gardner
- Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Alexander Yaney
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center-Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Daniel M Prevedello
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center-Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Daniel C Koboldt
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Diana L Thomas
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center-Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Elaine R Mardis
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Joshua D Palmer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center-Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, United States
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29
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Familial Melanoma and Susceptibility Genes: A Review of the Most Common Clinical and Dermoscopic Phenotypic Aspect, Associated Malignancies and Practical Tips for Management. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10163760. [PMID: 34442055 PMCID: PMC8397216 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10163760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A family history of melanoma greatly increases the risk of developing cutaneous melanoma, a highly aggressive skin cancer whose incidence has been steadily increasing worldwide. Familial melanomas account for about 10% of all malignant melanomas and display an inheritance pattern consistent with the presence of pathogenic germline mutations, among which those involving CDKN2A are the best characterized. In recent years, a growing number of genes, such as MC1R, MITF, CDK4, POT1, TERT, ACD, TERF2IP, and BAP1, have been implicated in familial melanoma. The fact that individuals harboring these germline mutations along with their close blood relatives have a higher risk of developing multiple primary melanomas as well as other internal organ malignancies, especially pancreatic cancer, makes cascade genetic testing and surveillance of these families of the utmost importance. Unfortunately, due to a polygenic inheritance mechanism involving multiple low-risk alleles, genetic modifiers, and environmental factors, it is still very difficult to predict the presence of these mutations. It is, however, known that germline mutation carriers can sometimes develop specific clinical traits, such as high atypical nevus counts and specific dermoscopic features, which could theoretically help clinicians predict the presence of these mutations in prone families. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the high- and intermediate-penetrance genes primarily linked to familial melanoma, highlighting their most frequently associated non-cutaneous malignancies and clinical/dermoscopic phenotypes.
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30
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Buljan M, Marušić Z, Franceschi N. Dermoscopy of BAP1-inactivated melanocytic tumours. Australas J Dermatol 2021; 63:86-90. [PMID: 34398452 DOI: 10.1111/ajd.13689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marija Buljan
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia.,School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zlatko Marušić
- Clinical Department of Pathology and Cytology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nika Franceschi
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
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31
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Histologically Diverse BAP1-Deficient Melanocytic Tumors in a Patient With BAP1 Tumor Predisposition Syndrome. Am J Dermatopathol 2021; 42:872-875. [PMID: 32649346 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000001719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BRCA1-associated protein-1 (BAP1)-deficient cutaneous tumors are common in patients with BAP1 tumor predisposition syndrome, frequently presenting before other associated neoplasms, and can serve as an early marker to identify individuals with this disease. The typical lesions are dermal based and composed of a combination of larger epithelioid melanocytes with abundant glassy cytoplasm and smaller cells resembling those of a conventional nevus. There is often a component of interspersed lymphocytes. However, BAP1-deficient melanocytic tumors can show a spectrum of histologic appearances, ranging from lesions with pure epithelioid, pure conventional nevus, or rhabdoid cells and tumors with an intraepidermal component. To demonstrate such morphologic variation, we present a case of a 50-year-old woman with multiple histologically diverse BAP1-deficient melanocytic tumors and germline BAP1 mutation, identified after a diagnosis of pleural mesothelioma. We also discuss the pathogenesis and potential histopathological and clinical indications of germline versus sporadic etiology in the assessment of BAP1-deficient melanocytic tumors.
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32
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Melanocytic BAP-1-Mutated Atypical Intradermal Tumor in Two Siblings: A Case Report. Am J Dermatopathol 2021; 42:694-696. [PMID: 32000218 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000001615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Melanocytic BAP-1-mutated atypical intradermal tumor (MBAIT) is a tumor that appears early on life. It can be the first manifestation of a tumor predisposition syndrome. Prompt diagnosis will allow for the implementation of early screening techniques for associated malignancies. We present a case of 2 siblings with MBAITs and their future management.
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33
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Ye J, Sheahon KM, LeBoit PE, McCalmont TH, Lang UE. BAP1-inactivated melanocytic tumors show prominent centrosome amplification and associated loss of primary cilia. J Cutan Pathol 2021; 48:1353-1360. [PMID: 34085298 DOI: 10.1111/cup.14073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND BRCA1-associated protein (BAP1) is a tumor suppressor whose loss is associated with various malignancies. The primary cilium is an organelle involved in signal transduction and cell cycle progression. Primary cilia have been shown to be absent in melanoma but retained to some extent in melanocytic nevi, and the severity of dysplasia influences the degree of cilia loss. Additionally, studies have revealed roles for BAP1 in centrosome and mitotic spindle formation. Because the primary cilium is nucleated on the mother centriole, we examined the connection between the presence of primary cilia and the formation of centrosomes in BAP1-inactivated melanocytic tumors (BIMTs). METHODS We evaluated the cilia and centrosomes in 11 BIMTs and five conventional melanocytic nevi using immunofluorescence staining of acetylated alpha-tubulin and gamma-tubulin. RESULTS We found that, compared to nevi, BIMTs show loss of primary cilia and amplification of centrosomes. Occasional nevi also showed increased centrioles; however, these foci of amplification were more likely to be ciliated than those in BIMTs. CONCLUSIONS Although centrosome amplification does not absolutely correlate with loss of primary cilia in melanocytic neoplasms, absence of BAP1 exacerbates the phenotype. Moreover, aberrant centrosome and cilia formation are likely critical in the pathogenesis of other BAP1-inactivated tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Ye
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kathleen M Sheahon
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Philip E LeBoit
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.,Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Timothy H McCalmont
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.,Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ursula E Lang
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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34
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Han A, Purwin TJ, Aplin AE. Roles of the BAP1 Tumor Suppressor in Cell Metabolism. Cancer Res 2021; 81:2807-2814. [PMID: 33446574 PMCID: PMC8178170 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-3430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1) is emerging as an intensively studied cancer-associated gene. Germline mutations in BAP1 lead to a cancer syndrome, and somatic loss is found in several cancer types. BAP1 encodes a deubiquitinase enzyme, which plays key roles in cell-cycle regulation, cell death, and differentiation. Recent studies have demonstrated that BAP1 is also involved in several aspects of cellular metabolism, including metabolic homeostasis, glucose utilization, control of ferroptosis, and stress response. A better knowledge of the metabolic roles of cancer-associated genes is important to understanding tumor initiation and progression, as well as highlighting potential therapeutic avenues. With this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding BAP1-mediated regulation of metabolic activities that may support new strategies to treat BAP1-mutated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Han
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Timothy J Purwin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew E Aplin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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35
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Idoudi S, Bressac-de Paillerets B, Balme B, Bonnet-Dupeyron MN, Golmard L, Thomas L. Subungual squamous cell carcinoma in a BAP1 germline pathogenic variant carrier. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 35:e665-e667. [PMID: 34014579 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Idoudi
- Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - B Bressac-de Paillerets
- Departement of Biopathology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Tumor Cell Dynamics, INSERM U1279, Villejuif, France
| | - B Balme
- Department of Anapathology, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - M-N Bonnet-Dupeyron
- Department of Medical Genetics, Women Mothers and Children's Hospital, Lyon Hospices Civils, Lyon, France.,Department of Genetics, Valence Hospital's Center, Valence, France
| | - L Golmard
- Department of Genetics, PSL Research University, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - L Thomas
- Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Pierre Bénite, France.,Claude Bernard - Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France.,Lyons Cancer Research Center INSERM U1052 - CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France
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36
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Singh N, Singh R, Bowen RC, Abdel-Rahman MH, Singh AD. Uveal Melanoma in BAP1 Tumor Predisposition Syndrome: Estimation of Risk. Am J Ophthalmol 2021; 224:172-177. [PMID: 33316260 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To estimate point prevalence of uveal melanoma in the patients with germline BAP1 pathogenic variant. DESIGN Cohort study with risk assessment using Bayesian analysis. METHODS The point prevalence estimate was obtained by Bayes's rule of reverse conditional probabilities. The probability of uveal melanoma given that BAP1 mutation exists was derived from the prevalence of uveal melanoma, prevalence of germline BAP1 pathogenic variants, and the probability of germline BAP1 pathogenic variant given that uveal melanoma is present. Confidence intervals (CIs) for each variable were calculated as the mean of Bernoulli random variables and for the risk estimate, by the delta method. The age at diagnosis and the gender of the uveal melanoma patients with BAP1 germline pathogenic variants obtained from previous publications or from authors' unpublished cohort was compared with those in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. RESULTS The point prevalence of uveal melanoma in patients with the germline BAP1 pathogenic variants in the US population was estimated to be 2.8% (95% CI, 0.88%-4.81%). In the SEER database, the median age at diagnosis of uveal melanomas was 63 (range 3-99 years) with a male-to-female ratio of 1.01:1. In comparison, uveal melanoma cases with BAP1 germline pathogenic variants from the US population (n = 27) had a median age at diagnosis of 50.5 years (range 16-71). CONCLUSIONS Quantification of the risk of developing uveal melanoma can enhance counseling regarding surveillance in patients with germline BAP1 pathogenic variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakul Singh
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rahul Singh
- Department of Economics and Statistics and Data Science Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Randy Chris Bowen
- Department of Ophthalmic Oncology, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Mohamed H Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Division of Human Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Arun D Singh
- Department of Ophthalmic Oncology, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
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37
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Huntoon K, Toland AMS, Dahiya S. Meningioma: A Review of Clinicopathological and Molecular Aspects. Front Oncol 2020; 10:579599. [PMID: 33194703 PMCID: PMC7645220 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.579599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Meningiomas are the most the common primary brain tumors in adults, representing approximately a third of all intracranial neoplasms. They classically are found to be more common in females, with the exception of higher grades that have a predilection for males, and patients of older age. Meningiomas can also be seen as a spectrum of inherited syndromes such as neurofibromatosis 2 as well as ionizing radiation. In general, the 5-year survival for a WHO grade I meningioma exceeds 80%; however, survival is greatly reduced in anaplastic meningiomas. The standard of care for meningiomas in a surgically-accessible location is gross total resection. Radiation therapy is generally saved for atypical, anaplastic, recurrent, and surgically inaccessible benign meningiomas with a total dose of ~60 Gy. However, the method of radiation, regimen and timing is still evolving and is an area of active research with ongoing clinical trials. While there are currently no good adjuvant chemotherapeutic agents available, recent advances in the genomic and epigenomic landscape of meningiomas are being explored for potential targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Huntoon
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | | | - Sonika Dahiya
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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38
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Cakiroglu E, Senturk S. Genomics and Functional Genomics of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176342. [PMID: 32882916 PMCID: PMC7504302 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare, aggressive cancer of the mesothelial cells lining the pleural surface of the chest wall and lung. The etiology of MPM is strongly associated with prior exposure to asbestos fibers, and the median survival rate of the diagnosed patients is approximately one year. Despite the latest advancements in surgical techniques and systemic therapies, currently available treatment modalities of MPM fail to provide long-term survival. The increasing incidence of MPM highlights the need for finding effective treatments. Targeted therapies offer personalized treatments in many cancers. However, targeted therapy in MPM is not recommended by clinical guidelines mainly because of poor target definition. A better understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms and the predictors of poor clinical outcomes of MPM is required to identify novel targets and develop precise and effective treatments. Recent advances in the genomics and functional genomics fields have provided groundbreaking insights into the genomic and molecular profiles of MPM and enabled the functional characterization of the genetic alterations. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the relevant literature and highlights the potential of state-of-the-art genomics and functional genomics research to facilitate the development of novel diagnostics and therapeutic modalities in MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Cakiroglu
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir 35340, Turkey;
- Department of Genome Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology, Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35340, Turkey
| | - Serif Senturk
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir 35340, Turkey;
- Department of Genome Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology, Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35340, Turkey
- Correspondence:
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39
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Carbone M, Arron ST, Beutler B, Bononi A, Cavenee W, Cleaver JE, Croce CM, D'Andrea A, Foulkes WD, Gaudino G, Groden JL, Henske EP, Hickson ID, Hwang PM, Kolodner RD, Mak TW, Malkin D, Monnat RJ, Novelli F, Pass HI, Petrini JH, Schmidt LS, Yang H. Tumour predisposition and cancer syndromes as models to study gene-environment interactions. Nat Rev Cancer 2020; 20:533-549. [PMID: 32472073 PMCID: PMC8104546 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-020-0265-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cell division and organismal development are exquisitely orchestrated and regulated processes. The dysregulation of the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes may cause cancer, a consequence of cell-intrinsic and/or cell-extrinsic events. Cellular DNA can be damaged by spontaneous hydrolysis, reactive oxygen species, aberrant cellular metabolism or other perturbations that cause DNA damage. Moreover, several environmental factors may damage the DNA, alter cellular metabolism or affect the ability of cells to interact with their microenvironment. While some environmental factors are well established as carcinogens, there remains a large knowledge gap of others owing to the difficulty in identifying them because of the typically long interval between carcinogen exposure and cancer diagnosis. DNA damage increases in cells harbouring mutations that impair their ability to correctly repair the DNA. Tumour predisposition syndromes in which cancers arise at an accelerated rate and in different organs - the equivalent of a sensitized background - provide a unique opportunity to examine how gene-environment interactions influence cancer risk when the initiating genetic defect responsible for malignancy is known. Understanding the molecular processes that are altered by specific germline mutations, environmental exposures and related mechanisms that promote cancer will allow the design of novel and effective preventive and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Carbone
- Thoracic Oncology, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA.
| | - Sarah T Arron
- STA, JEC, Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bruce Beutler
- Center for Genetic Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Angela Bononi
- Thoracic Oncology, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Webster Cavenee
- Ludwig Institute, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - James E Cleaver
- STA, JEC, Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Carlo M Croce
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Alan D'Andrea
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William D Foulkes
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Giovanni Gaudino
- Thoracic Oncology, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth P Henske
- Center for LAM Research, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ian D Hickson
- Center for Chromosome Stability, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paul M Hwang
- Cardiovascular Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Richard D Kolodner
- Ludwig Institute, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Tak W Mak
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David Malkin
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Raymond J Monnat
- Department Pathology, Washington University, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Genome Science, Washington University, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Flavia Novelli
- Thoracic Oncology, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Harvey I Pass
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - John H Petrini
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura S Schmidt
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Haining Yang
- Thoracic Oncology, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
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40
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Louie BH, Kurzrock R. BAP1: Not just a BRCA1-associated protein. Cancer Treat Rev 2020; 90:102091. [PMID: 32877777 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2020.102091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BRCA1-Associated Protein 1 (BAP1) is a ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase that has been established as a tumor suppressor, utilizing its deubiquitinating activity to regulate a number of processes including DNA damage repair, cell cycle control, chromatin modification, programmed cell death, and the immune response. Mutations in the BAP1 gene commonly result in a number of aggressive cancers; predominantly uveal melanoma, malignant mesothelioma, renal cell carcinoma, and cutaneous melanoma. Importantly, germline mutations in the BAP1 gene have been established as a novel tumor predisposition syndrome, conferring an increased risk of hereditary, early-onset cancers. Current treatment options for cancers with BAP1 alterations are limited to standard therapies. However, several therapeutic avenues have been proposed to specifically target BAP1 alterations in cancer. Molecularly targeted approaches include histone deacetylase inhibitors and EZH2 inhibitors to target the role of BAP1 in chromatin modification and transcriptional regulation, respectively. PARP inhibitors and platinum chemotherapy agents have the potential to target BAP1-altered tumors, due to the role of BAP1 in DNA damage repair. Lastly, emerging reports suggest that BAP1 alterations in cancer confer distinct immunogenic phenotypes that may be particularly susceptible to novel cancer immunotherapies. This review aims to present a concise and up to date report on the BAP1 gene in cancer, surveying its functional roles, characteristics and clinical manifestations. Furthermore, we highlight the established and emerging therapeutic options for BAP1-mutated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan H Louie
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, 3855 Health Sciences Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Razelle Kurzrock
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, 3855 Health Sciences Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Carbone M, Harbour JW, Brugarolas J, Bononi A, Pagano I, Dey A, Krausz T, Pass HI, Yang H, Gaudino G. Biological Mechanisms and Clinical Significance of BAP1 Mutations in Human Cancer. Cancer Discov 2020; 10:1103-1120. [PMID: 32690542 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-19-1220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Among more than 200 BAP1-mutant families affected by the "BAP1 cancer syndrome," nearly all individuals inheriting a BAP1 mutant allele developed one or more malignancies during their lifetime, mostly uveal and cutaneous melanoma, mesothelioma, and clear-cell renal cell carcinoma. These cancer types are also those that, when they occur sporadically, are more likely to carry somatic biallelic BAP1 mutations. Mechanistic studies revealed that the tumor suppressor function of BAP1 is linked to its dual activity in the nucleus, where it is implicated in a variety of processes including DNA repair and transcription, and in the cytoplasm, where it regulates cell death and mitochondrial metabolism. BAP1 activity in tumor suppression is cell type- and context-dependent. BAP1 has emerged as a critical tumor suppressor across multiple cancer types, predisposing to tumor development when mutated in the germline as well as somatically. Moreover, BAP1 has emerged as a key regulator of gene-environment interaction.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1079.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J William Harbour
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - James Brugarolas
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Angela Bononi
- University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawai'i
| | - Ian Pagano
- University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawai'i
| | - Anwesha Dey
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Thomas Krausz
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Harvey I Pass
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Haining Yang
- University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawai'i
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The Melanoma and Breast Cancer Association: An Overview of their 'Second Primary Cancers' and the Epidemiological, Genetic and Biological correlations. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020; 152:102989. [PMID: 32485529 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.102989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reviews the relevant epidemiological studies associating cutaneous melanoma and breast carcinomas and provides an overview of the possible genetic, biological and bias factors that underpin this relationship. Standardised incidence ratio (SIR) for primary cutaneous melanoma after breast carcinoma ranged from 1.16 to 5.13 and ranged from 1.03 to 4.10 for primary breast carcinoma after cutaneous melanoma. Epidemiological studies highlight age, gender and use of radiotherapy and chemotherapy as potential risk factors for second primary cancers (SPCs). Mutations in BRCA2, CDKN2A, CDK4 and BAP1 may partly underlie any SPC association. The impact of socio-cultural factors and surveillance bias may be attributed to the findings of SPC partially or entirely. In conclusion, this study has highlighted the association between breast carcinoma and melanoma and identified various factors for further research and the optimised management of patients with both cancers.
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43
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Toussi A, Mans N, Welborn J, Kiuru M. Germline mutations predisposing to melanoma. J Cutan Pathol 2020; 47:606-616. [PMID: 32249949 DOI: 10.1111/cup.13689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nearly 15% of melanomas occur in patients with a family history and a subset of these patients have a germline mutation in a melanoma predisposing gene. CDKN2A mutations are responsible for the majority of hereditary melanoma, but many other susceptibility genes have been discovered in recent years, including CDK4, TERT, ACD, TERF2IP, POT1, MITF, MC1R, and BAP1. Additionally, melanoma risk is increased in mixed cancer syndromes caused by mutations in PTEN, BRCA2, BRCA1, RB1, and TP53. While early onset, multiple tumors, and family cancer history remain the most valuable clinical clues for hereditary melanoma, characteristic epithelioid cytology of melanocytic tumors may suggest an underlying BAP1 mutation. Herein, we review the clinical and histopathologic characteristics of melanocytic tumors associated with these germline mutations and discuss the role of genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atrin Toussi
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Nicole Mans
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Jeanna Welborn
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Maija Kiuru
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
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44
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An Algorithmic Immunohistochemical Approach to Define Tumor Type and Assign Site of Origin. Adv Anat Pathol 2020; 27:114-163. [PMID: 32205473 DOI: 10.1097/pap.0000000000000256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Immunohistochemistry represents an indispensable complement to an epidemiology and morphology-driven approach to tumor diagnosis and site of origin assignment. This review reflects the state of my current practice, based on 15-years' experience in Pathology and a deep-dive into the literature, always striving to be better equipped to answer the age old questions, "What is it, and where is it from?" The tables and figures in this manuscript are the ones I "pull up on the computer" when I am teaching at the microscope and turn to myself when I am (frequently) stuck. This field is so exciting because I firmly believe that, through the application of next-generation immunohistochemistry, we can provide better answers than ever before. Specific topics covered in this review include (1) broad tumor classification and associated screening markers; (2) the role of cancer epidemiology in determining pretest probability; (3) broad-spectrum epithelial markers; (4) noncanonical expression of broad tumor class screening markers; (5) a morphologic pattern-based approach to poorly to undifferentiated malignant neoplasms; (6) a morphologic and immunohistochemical approach to define 4 main carcinoma types; (7) CK7/CK20 coordinate expression; (8) added value of semiquantitative immunohistochemical stain assessment; algorithmic immunohistochemical approaches to (9) "garden variety" adenocarcinomas presenting in the liver, (10) large polygonal cell adenocarcinomas, (11) the distinction of primary surface ovarian epithelial tumors with mucinous features from metastasis, (12) tumors presenting at alternative anatomic sites, (13) squamous cell carcinoma versus urothelial carcinoma, and neuroendocrine neoplasms, including (14) the distinction of pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma from well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor, site of origin assignment in (15) well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor and (16) poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma, and (17) the distinction of well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor G3 from poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma; it concludes with (18) a discussion of diagnostic considerations in the broad-spectrum keratin/CD45/S-100-"triple-negative" neoplasm.
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45
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Young KZ, Fossum SL, Lowe L, Else T, Fecher LA, Demirci H, Cha KB. An adolescent with uveal melanoma and BAP1 tumor predisposition syndrome. JAAD Case Rep 2020; 6:563-566. [PMID: 32509949 PMCID: PMC7265053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2020.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Z Young
- Department of Dermatology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Sara L Fossum
- Department of Dermatology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Lori Lowe
- Department of Dermatology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Pathology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Tobias Else
- Department of Internal Medicine - Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Leslie A Fecher
- Department of Dermatology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Hakan Demirci
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kelly B Cha
- Department of Dermatology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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46
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Sargen MR, Calista D, Elder DE, Massi D, Chu EY, Potrony M, Pfeiffer RM, Carrera C, Aguilera P, Alos L, Puig S, Elenitsas R, Yang XR, Tucker MA, Landi MT, Goldstein AM. Histologic features of melanoma associated with germline mutations of CDKN2A, CDK4, and POT1 in melanoma-prone families from the United States, Italy, and Spain. J Am Acad Dermatol 2020; 83:860-869. [PMID: 32283231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.03.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CDKN2A, CDK4, and POT1 are well-established melanoma-susceptibility genes. OBJECTIVE We evaluated melanoma histopathology for individuals with germline mutations of CDKN2A, CDK4, and POT1. METHODS We assessed histopathology for melanomas diagnosed in melanoma-prone families (≥2 individuals with melanoma) from the United States, Italy, and Spain. Comparisons between mutation carriers and noncarriers (no mutation) were adjusted for age, sex, Breslow depth, and correlations among individuals within the same family. RESULTS Histologic slides were evaluated for 290 melanomas (139 from 132 noncarriers, 122 from 68 CDKN2A carriers, 10 from 6 CDK4 carriers, and 19 from 16 POT1 carriers). Superficial spreading was the predominant subtype for all groups. Spitzoid morphology (>25% of tumor) was observed in 10 of 15 invasive melanomas (67%) from POT1 carriers (P < .0001 vs noncarriers). This finding was independently confirmed by 3 expert melanoma dermatopathologists in 9 of 15 invasive melanomas (60%). In situ and invasive melanomas from CDKN2A and CDK4 carriers were histologically similar to melanomas from noncarriers. LIMITATIONS Limited sample sizes for rare melanoma-susceptibility syndromes (CDK4, POT1). CONCLUSION Spitzoid morphology was associated with POT1 mutations suggesting that telomere dysfunction (POT1 mutations) may contribute to spitzoid differentiation in melanocytic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Sargen
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland.
| | - Donato Calista
- Department of Dermatology, Maurizio Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy
| | - David E Elder
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniela Massi
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Emily Y Chu
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Míriam Potrony
- Melanoma Unit, Dermatology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruth M Pfeiffer
- Biostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Cristina Carrera
- Melanoma Unit, Dermatology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Aguilera
- Melanoma Unit, Dermatology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Llucia Alos
- Pathology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Puig
- Melanoma Unit, Dermatology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosalie Elenitsas
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Xiaohong R Yang
- Integrative Tumor Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Margaret A Tucker
- Human Genetics Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Maria Teresa Landi
- Integrative Tumor Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Alisa M Goldstein
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
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47
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Abstract
BRCA-1 associated protein 1 (BAP1) is a tumor suppressor gene that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several malignancies and is gaining more recognition as a crucial gene that could be amenable to therapeutic manipulation. There is a growing interest in prevention and establishing cancer screening guidelines in patients with germline BAP1 mutations to aid with early detection and treatment of associated malignancies. We aim to give a concise review of BAP1 and its role in carcinogenesis, the BAP1 cancer predisposition syndrome and discuss clinical implications including suggested screening guidelines, and potential targeted therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haining Yang
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Muaiad Kittaneh
- Department of Oncology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
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48
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Lee YS, Lee YS. Molecular characteristics of meningiomas. J Pathol Transl Med 2020; 54:45-63. [PMID: 31964111 PMCID: PMC6986967 DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2019.11.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Meningioma is the most common primary intracranial tumor in adults. The grading of meningioma is based on World Health Organization criteria, which rely on histopathological features alone. This grading system is unable to conclusively predict the clinical behavior of these tumors (i.e., recurrence or prognosis in benign or atypical grades). Advances in molecular techniques over the last decade that include genomic and epigenomic data associated with meningiomas have been used to identify genetic biomarkers that can predict tumor behavior. This review summarizes the molecular characteristics of meningioma using genetic and epigenetic biomarkers. Molecular alterations that can predict meningioma behavior may be integrated into the upcoming World Health Organization grading system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Suk Lee
- Department of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youn Soo Lee
- Department of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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49
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Zhang AJ, Rush PS, Tsao H, Duncan LM. BRCA1-associated protein (BAP1)-inactivated melanocytic tumors. J Cutan Pathol 2019; 46:965-972. [PMID: 31233225 DOI: 10.1111/cup.13530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Although discussed using variable terminology, cutaneous BRCA1-associated protein (BAP1)-inactivated melanocytic tumor (BIMT) has been considered a discrete diagnostic entity since 2011. Here, we review the initial genomic studies that identified these distinct melanocytic tumors and the clinical and histopathological features that define these tumors. These epithelioid, predominantly dermal, and melanocytic tumors present as erythematous nodules and histopathologically have features that may overlap with Spitz nevi and nevoid melanoma. There is no sex predilection, and cutaneous BIMTs can appear at any age; however, in most familial (germline mutant) cases patients have multiple cutaneous tumors with a first diagnosis in the second or third decade of life; ocular melanoma and other tumors are increasingly identified in these kindreds with germline BAP1 mutation. These tumors have been described with a myriad of terms including: Wiesner nevus, nevoid melanoma-like melanocytic proliferation (NEMMP), BAP1 mutant Spitz nevus, BAP1 mutant nevoid melanoma, cutaneous BAPoma, and most recently cutaneous BIMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna J Zhang
- Pathology Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Hensin Tsao
- School of Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lyn M Duncan
- Pathology Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- School of Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
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50
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Soares de Sá BC, de Macedo MP, Torrezan GT, Braga JCT, Fidalgo F, Moredo LF, Lellis R, Duprat JP, Carraro DM. BAP1 tumor predisposition syndrome case report: pathological and clinical aspects of BAP1-inactivated melanocytic tumors (BIMTs), including dermoscopy and confocal microscopy. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:1077. [PMID: 31706282 PMCID: PMC6842488 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6226-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND BRCA1 associated-protein 1 (BAP1) tumor predisposition syndrome is associated with an increased risk for malignant mesotheliomas, uveal and cutaneous melanomas, renal cell carcinomas, and singular cutaneous lesions. The latter are referred to as BAP1-inactivated melanocytic tumors (BIMTs). When multiple BIMTs manifest, they are considered potential markers of germline BAP1 mutations. CASE PRESENTATION Here, we report a novel pathogenic BAP1 germline variant in a family with a history of BIMTs, cutaneous melanomas, and mesotheliomas. We also describe singular pathological aspects of the patient's BIMT lesions and their correlation with dermoscopic and reflectance confocal microscopy findings. CONCLUSIONS This knowledge is crucial for the recognition of BIMTs by dermatologists and pathologists, allowing the determination of appropriate management for high-risk patients, such as genetic investigations and screening for potentially aggressive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Costa Soares de Sá
- Skin Cancer Department, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Rua Professor Antonio Prudente, 211 Liberdade, São Paulo, SP CEP: 01509-900 Brazil
| | - Mariana Petaccia de Macedo
- Department of Pathology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Rua Professor Antonio Prudente, 211 Liberdade, São Paulo, SP CEP: 01509-900 Brazil
| | - Giovana Tardin Torrezan
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Rua Taguá, 440, São Paulo, SP CEP: 0508-010 Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Oncogenomics and Therapeutic Innovation, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Rua Professor Antonio Prudente, 211 Liberdade, , Rua Taguá, 400, São Paulo, SP CEP: 01509-900 Brazil
| | - Juliana Casagrande Tavoloni Braga
- Skin Cancer Department, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Rua Professor Antonio Prudente, 211 Liberdade, São Paulo, SP CEP: 01509-900 Brazil
| | - Felipe Fidalgo
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Rua Taguá, 440, São Paulo, SP CEP: 0508-010 Brazil
| | - Luciana Facure Moredo
- Skin Cancer Department, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Rua Professor Antonio Prudente, 211 Liberdade, São Paulo, SP CEP: 01509-900 Brazil
| | - Rute Lellis
- Department of Pathology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Rua Professor Antonio Prudente, 211 Liberdade, São Paulo, SP CEP: 01509-900 Brazil
| | - João Pereira Duprat
- Skin Cancer Department, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Rua Professor Antonio Prudente, 211 Liberdade, São Paulo, SP CEP: 01509-900 Brazil
| | - Dirce Maria Carraro
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Rua Taguá, 440, São Paulo, SP CEP: 0508-010 Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Oncogenomics and Therapeutic Innovation, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Rua Professor Antonio Prudente, 211 Liberdade, , Rua Taguá, 400, São Paulo, SP CEP: 01509-900 Brazil
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