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Mehta SJ, Volpp KG, Troxel AB, Teel J, Reitz CR, Purcell A, Shen H, McNelis K, Snider CK, Asch DA. Remote Blood Pressure Monitoring With Social Support for Patients With Hypertension: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e2413515. [PMID: 38829618 PMCID: PMC11148689 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.13515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Hypertension management has traditionally been based on office visits. Integrating remote monitoring into routine clinical practices and leveraging social support might improve blood pressure (BP) control. Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of a bidirectional text monitoring program focused on BP control and medication adherence with and without social support in adults with hypertension. Design, Setting, and Participants This randomized clinical trial included adults aged 18 to 75 treated at an academic family medicine practice in Philadelphia in 2018 and 2019. Patients had been seen at least twice in the prior 24 months and had at least 2 elevated BP measurements (>150/90 mm Hg or >140/90 mm Hg for patients aged 18-59 years or with diabetes or chronic kidney disease) during visits. All participants had a cell phone with text messaging, offered at least 1 support partner, and were taking maintenance medications to treat hypertension. Patients were randomized 2:2:1 to remote monitoring of BP and medication adherence (RM), remote monitoring of BP and medication adherence with feedback provided to a social support partner (SS), or usual care (UC). Data were analyzed on an intention-to-treat basis between October 14, 2019, and May 30, 2020, and were revisited from May 23 through June 2, 2023. Interventions The RM and SS groups received an automatic home BP monitor, 3 weekly texts requesting BP measurements, 1 weekly text inquiring about medication adherence, and a weekly text with feedback. In the SS arm, support partners received a weekly progress report. The UC group received UC through their primary care practice. Clinicians caring for the patients in the intervention groups received nudges via electronic health records to adjust medications when 3 of 10 reported BP measurements were elevated. Patients were followed up for 4 months. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was systolic BP at 4 months measured during the final follow-up visit. Secondary outcomes included achievement of normotension and diastolic BP. Results In all, 246 patients (mean [SD] age, 50.9 [11.4] years; 175 females [71.1%]; 223 Black individuals [90.7%] and 13 White individuals [5.3%]) were included in the intention-to-treat analysis: 100 patients in the RM arm, 97 in the SS arm, and 49 in the UC arm. Compared with the UC arm, there was no significant difference in systolic or diastolic BP at the 4-month follow-up visit in the RM arm (systolic BP adjusted mean difference, -5.25 [95% CI, -10.65 to 0.15] mm Hg; diastolic BP adjusted mean difference, -1.94 [95% CI, -5.14 to 1.27] mm Hg) or the SS arm (systolic BP adjusted mean difference, -0.91 [95% CI, -6.37 to 4.55] mm Hg; diastolic BP adjusted mean difference, -0.63 [95% CI, -3.77 to 2.51] mm Hg). Of the 206 patients with a final BP measurement at 4 months, BP was controlled in 49% (41 of 84) of patients in the RM arm, 31% (27 of 87) of patients in the SS arm, and 40% (14 of 35) of patients in the UC arm; these rates did not differ significantly between the intervention arms and the UC group. Conclusions and Relevance In this randomized clinical trial, neither remote BP monitoring nor remote BP monitoring with social support improved BP control compared with UC in adults with hypertension. Additional efforts are needed to examine whether interventions directed at helping patients remember to take their BP medications can lead to improved BP control. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03416283.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivan J. Mehta
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Center for Health Care Innovation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Center for Health Incentives and Behavioral Economics, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Kevin G. Volpp
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Center for Health Care Innovation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Center for Health Incentives and Behavioral Economics, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphia
| | - Andrea B. Troxel
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York
| | - Joseph Teel
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Catherine R. Reitz
- Center for Health Care Innovation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Center for Health Incentives and Behavioral Economics, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Alison Purcell
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Humphrey Shen
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Kiernan McNelis
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | | | - David A. Asch
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Center for Health Care Innovation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Center for Health Incentives and Behavioral Economics, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphia
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Zhang Y, Stayt L, Sutherland S, Greenway K. How clinicians make decisions for patient management plans in telehealth. J Adv Nurs 2024. [PMID: 38380577 DOI: 10.1111/jan.16104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
AIM This systematic integrative literature review explores how clinicians make decisions for patient management plans in telehealth. BACKGROUND Telehealth is a modality of care that has gained popularity due to the development of digital technology and the COVID-19 pandemic. It is recognized that telehealth, compared to traditional clinical settings, carries a higher risk to patients due to its virtual characteristics. Even though the landscape of healthcare service is increasingly moving towards virtual systems, the decision-making process in telehealth remains not fully understood. DESIGN A systematic integrative review. DATA SOURCES Databases include CINAHL, APA PsycInfo, Academic Search Complete, PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar. REVIEW METHODS This systematic integrative review method was informed by Whittemore and Knafl (2005). The databases were initially searched with keywords in November 2022 and then repeated in October 2023. Thematic synthesis was conducted to analyse and synthesize the data. RESULTS The search identified 382 articles. After screening, only 10 articles met the eligibility criteria and were included. Five studies were qualitative, one quantitative and four were mixed methods. Five main themes relevant to decision-making processes in telehealth were identified: characteristics of decision-making in telehealth, patient factor, clinician factor, CDSS factor and external influencing factor. CONCLUSIONS The decision-making process in telehealth is a complicated cognitive process influenced by multi-faceted components, including patient factors, clinician factors, external influencing factors and technological factors. IMPACT Telehealth carries higher risk and uncertainty than face-to-face encounters. CDSS, rather than bringing unification and clarity, seems to bring more divergence and ambiguity. Some of the clinical reasoning processes in telehealth remain unknown and need to be verbalized and made transparent, to prepare junior clinicians with skills to minimize risks associated with telehealth. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Zhang
- Oxford University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Louise Stayt
- Oxford University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
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Idris H, Nugraheni WP, Rachmawati T, Kusnali A, Yulianti A, Purwatiningsih Y, Nuraini S, Susianti N, Faisal DR, Arifin H, Maharani A. How Is Telehealth Currently Being Utilized to Help in Hypertension Management within Primary Healthcare Settings? A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:90. [PMID: 38248553 PMCID: PMC10815916 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Telehealth has improved patient access to healthcare services and has been shown to have a positive impact in various healthcare settings. In any case, little is understood regarding the utilization of telehealth in hypertension management in primary healthcare (PHC) settings. This study aimed to identify and classify information about the types of interventions and types of telehealth technology in hypertension management in primary healthcare. A scoping review based on PRISMA-ScR was used in this study. We searched for articles in four databases: Pubmed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Embase in English. The selected articles were published in 2013-2023. The data were extracted, categorized, and analyzed using thematic analysis. There were 1142 articles identified and 42 articles included in this study. Regarding the proportions of studies showing varying trends in the last ten years, most studies came from the United States (US) (23.8%), were conducted in urban locations (33.3%), and had a quantitative study approach (69%). Telehealth interventions in hypertension management are dominated by telemonitoring followed by teleconsultation. Asynchronous telehealth is becoming the most widely used technology in managing hypertension in primary care settings. Telehealth in primary care hypertension management involves the use of telecommunications technology to monitor and manage blood pressure and provide medical advice and counselling remotely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haerawati Idris
- Department of Health Administration & Policy, Faculty of Public Health, Sriwijaya University, Indralaya 30662, Indonesia
- Research Center for Public Health and Nutrition, National Research and Innovation Agency, Central Jakarta 10340, Indonesia; (W.P.N.); (T.R.); (A.K.); (A.Y.); (Y.P.); (S.N.); (N.S.); (D.R.F.)
| | - Wahyu Pudji Nugraheni
- Research Center for Public Health and Nutrition, National Research and Innovation Agency, Central Jakarta 10340, Indonesia; (W.P.N.); (T.R.); (A.K.); (A.Y.); (Y.P.); (S.N.); (N.S.); (D.R.F.)
| | - Tety Rachmawati
- Research Center for Public Health and Nutrition, National Research and Innovation Agency, Central Jakarta 10340, Indonesia; (W.P.N.); (T.R.); (A.K.); (A.Y.); (Y.P.); (S.N.); (N.S.); (D.R.F.)
| | - Asep Kusnali
- Research Center for Public Health and Nutrition, National Research and Innovation Agency, Central Jakarta 10340, Indonesia; (W.P.N.); (T.R.); (A.K.); (A.Y.); (Y.P.); (S.N.); (N.S.); (D.R.F.)
| | - Anni Yulianti
- Research Center for Public Health and Nutrition, National Research and Innovation Agency, Central Jakarta 10340, Indonesia; (W.P.N.); (T.R.); (A.K.); (A.Y.); (Y.P.); (S.N.); (N.S.); (D.R.F.)
| | - Yuni Purwatiningsih
- Research Center for Public Health and Nutrition, National Research and Innovation Agency, Central Jakarta 10340, Indonesia; (W.P.N.); (T.R.); (A.K.); (A.Y.); (Y.P.); (S.N.); (N.S.); (D.R.F.)
| | - Syarifah Nuraini
- Research Center for Public Health and Nutrition, National Research and Innovation Agency, Central Jakarta 10340, Indonesia; (W.P.N.); (T.R.); (A.K.); (A.Y.); (Y.P.); (S.N.); (N.S.); (D.R.F.)
| | - Novia Susianti
- Research Center for Public Health and Nutrition, National Research and Innovation Agency, Central Jakarta 10340, Indonesia; (W.P.N.); (T.R.); (A.K.); (A.Y.); (Y.P.); (S.N.); (N.S.); (D.R.F.)
| | - Debri Rizki Faisal
- Research Center for Public Health and Nutrition, National Research and Innovation Agency, Central Jakarta 10340, Indonesia; (W.P.N.); (T.R.); (A.K.); (A.Y.); (Y.P.); (S.N.); (N.S.); (D.R.F.)
| | - Hidayat Arifin
- Department of Basic Nursing Care, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia;
| | - Asri Maharani
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery & Social Work, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
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Piskorz D, Díaz-Barreiro LA, López Santi R, Múnera A, Molina DI, Barroso WS, Wyss F, Ponte Negretti C, Galván Oseguera H, Palomo S, Díaz-Díaz E, Rosas Peralta M, Chávez Mendoza A, Alvarez Lopez H, García Zamora S, Peñaherrera Patiño E, Guerra López A, Puente Barragan A. Blood pressure telemonitoring and telemedicine for hypertension management-positions, expectations and feasibility of Latin-American practitioners. SURVEY carried out by several cardiology and hypertension societies of the Americas. Blood Press 2022; 31:236-244. [PMID: 36123802 DOI: 10.1080/08037051.2022.2123781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the opinion of Latin-American physicians on remote blood pressure monitoring and telehealth for hypertension management. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cross-sectional survey of physicians residing in Latin-America. The study was conducted by the Mexico Hypertension Experts Group, Interamerican Society of Hypertension, Interamerican Society of Cardiology Epidemiology and Cardiovascular Prevention Council, and National Cardiologist Association of Mexico. An online survey composed of 40 questions using Google Forms was distributed from 7 December 2021, to 3 February 2022. The survey was approved by the GREHTA Ethics Committee and participation was voluntary and anonymous. Multiple logistic regression models were constructed to identify the challenges of telehealth. RESULTS 1753 physicians' responses were gathered. The responses came from physicians from different Latin-American countries, as follows: 24% from Mexico, 20.6% from Argentina, 14.7% from Colombia, 10.9% from Brazil, 8.7% from Venezuela, 8.2% from Guatemala and 3.2% from Paraguay. Responders with a high interest in carrying out their assistance task through remote telemonitoring reached 48.9% (821), while 43.6% are already currently conducting telemonitoring. A high number, 62%, claimed to need telemonitoring training. There is a direct relation between higher interest in telemonitoring and age, medical specialty, team working, residence in the biggest cities, expectations regarding telemedicine and reimbursement. CONCLUSIONS Remote monitoring is feasible in Latin-America. General practitioners and specialists from bigger cities seem eager and are self-perceived as well-trained and experienced. Facilities and resources do not seem to be a challenge but training reinforcement and telemedicine promotion is necessary for those physicians less motivated.PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARYWhat is the context?Hypertension is one of the leading worldwide modifiable risk factors for premature death. Strong evidence supports that effective treatment of this condition results in a significant reduction of hard outcomes.Only 20%-30% of hypertensive patients are within the blood pressure targets recommended by guidelines in Latin-America. There is an urgent need to implement innovative strategies to reverse this alarming health situation.What is new?Latin-American physicians were highly predisposed to telemonitoring practice. This high motivation was not influenced by hardware or software availability, technological knowledge or experience, by volume of monthly consultations, or by area (private-public) where the care activity is carried out.This high motivation may be supported by the conviction that this practice could be very useful as a complement to face-to-face assistance and a highly effective tool to improve adherence even though respondents considered that just 10% of the patients would prefer telemonitoring over office consultation.What is the impact?Facilities and resources do not seem to be a challenge but training reinforcement and telemedicine promotion is necessary for those physicians less motivated. The general perception is that it is necessary to move forward to resolve legal gaps and financial aspects.Physicians must adapt to changes and develop new communication strategies in a world where the unrestricted access to teleinformation makes patients self-perceived as experts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Fernando Wyss
- Services and Technology of Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | | | | | - Silvia Palomo
- Mexico Institute of Social Security, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Adolfo Chávez Mendoza
- Cardiology Hospital, National Medical Center XXI Century, Mexico Institute of Social Security, Mexico City, Mexico
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Baratta J, Brown-Johnson C, Safaeinili N, Goldman Rosas L, Palaniappan L, Winget M, Mahoney M. Patient and Health Professional Perceptions of Telemonitoring for Hypertension Management: Qualitative Study. JMIR Form Res 2022; 6:e32874. [PMID: 35687380 PMCID: PMC9233257 DOI: 10.2196/32874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypertension is the most prevalent and important risk factor for cardiovascular disease, affecting nearly 50% of the US adult population; however, only 30% of these patients achieve controlled blood pressure (BP). Incorporating strategies into primary care that take into consideration individual patient needs, such as remote BP monitoring, may improve hypertension management. Objective From March 2018 to December 2018, Stanford implemented a precision health pilot called Humanwide, which aimed to leverage high-technology and high-touch medicine to tailor individualized care for conditions such as hypertension. We examined multi-stakeholder perceptions of hypertension management in Humanwide to evaluate the program’s acceptability, appropriateness, feasibility, and sustainability. Methods We conducted semistructured interviews with 16 patients and 15 health professionals to assess their experiences with hypertension management in Humanwide. We transcribed and analyzed the interviews using a hybrid approach of inductive and deductive analysis to identify common themes around hypertension management and consensus methods to ensure reliability and validity. Results A total of 63% (10/16) of the patients and 40% (6/15) of the health professionals mentioned hypertension in the context of Humanwide. These participants reported that remote BP monitoring improved motivation, BP control, and overall clinic efficiency. The health professionals discussed feasibility challenges, including the time needed to analyze BP data and provide individualized feedback, integration of BP data, technological difficulties with the BP cuff, and decreased patient use of remote BP monitoring over time. Conclusions Remote BP monitoring for hypertension management in Humanwide was acceptable to patients and health professionals and appropriate for care. Important challenges need to be addressed to improve the feasibility and sustainability of this approach by leveraging team-based care, engaging patients to sustain remote BP monitoring, standardizing electronic medical record integration of BP measurements, and finding more user-friendly BP cuffs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Baratta
- Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Cati Brown-Johnson
- Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Nadia Safaeinili
- Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Lisa Goldman Rosas
- Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Latha Palaniappan
- Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Marcy Winget
- Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Megan Mahoney
- Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
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