1
|
Zhang Y, Yu D, Zhao H, Zhang B, Li Y, Zhang J. Chasing the heat: Unraveling urban hyperlocal air temperature mapping with mobile sensing and machine learning. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:172168. [PMID: 38582120 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Many cities face unprecedented high temperatures with increasing extreme events. Heatwaves pose significant health risks, including cardiovascular diseases, heatstroke, and dehydration. Mapping urban near-surface air temperature (Tair) is crucial for understanding thermal exposure and addressing climate change. Previous studies relied on satellite-derived land surface temperature (LST) and stationary monitoring, but high spaio-temporal Tair mapping is still a challenge. This study optimized a mobile sensing scheme using an electric bicycle platform with environmental and image sensors, and deep learning captured local-scale urban factors. A spatio-temporal data fusion model that consisted of three parts, temporal trend extraction, locality analysis, and neighborhood effect analysis, generated hyperlocal Tair maps. The Results from Beijing demonstrated the effectiveness of the framework, achieving the lowest MAE of 0.02 °C. Optimized data collection and the new model achieved accurate temperature predictions and thermal exposure assessment. Efficiency enhanced sensing strategy was also proposed. The study highlights local-scale factors and spatio-temporal dependencies in addressing heatwaves and climate change impacts in urban areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Zhang
- Department of Urban Planning and Landscape, North China University of Technology, Beijing 100144, China.
| | - Dingyi Yu
- Center for Statistical Science, Department of Industrial Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Huimin Zhao
- School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Urban Planning and Landscape, North China University of Technology, Beijing 100144, China.
| | - Yan Li
- School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- Center for Statistical Science, Department of Industrial Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Achebak H, Rey G, Chen ZY, Lloyd SJ, Quijal-Zamorano M, Méndez-Turrubiates RF, Ballester J. Heat Exposure and Cause-Specific Hospital Admissions in Spain: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2024; 132:57009. [PMID: 38775486 PMCID: PMC11110655 DOI: 10.1289/ehp13254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND More frequent and intense exposure to extreme heat conditions poses a serious threat to public health. However, evidence on the association between heat and specific diagnoses of morbidity is still limited. We aimed to comprehensively assess the short-term association between cause-specific hospital admissions and high temperature, including the added effect of temperature variability and heat waves and the effect modification by humidity and air pollution. METHODS We used data on cause-specific hospital admissions, weather (i.e., temperature and relative humidity), and air pollution [i.e., fine particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μ m (PM 2.5 ), fine particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 μ m (PM 10 ), NO 2 , and ozone (O 3 )] for 48 provinces in mainland Spain and the Balearic Islands between 1 January 2006 and 31 December 2019. The statistical analysis was performed for the summer season (June-September) and consisted of two steps. We first applied quasi-Poisson generalized linear regression models in combination with distributed lag nonlinear models (DLNM) to estimate province-specific temperature-morbidity associations, which were then pooled through multilevel univariate/multivariate random-effect meta-analysis. RESULTS High temperature had a generalized impact on cause-specific hospitalizations, while the added effect of temperature variability [i.e., diurnal temperature range (DTR)] and heat waves was limited to a reduced number of diagnoses. The strongest impact of heat was observed for metabolic disorders and obesity [relative risk (RR) = 1.978; 95% empirical confidence interval (eCI): 1.772, 2.208], followed by renal failure (1.777; 95% eCI: 1.629, 1.939), urinary tract infection (1.746; 95% eCI: 1.578, 1.933), sepsis (1.543; 95% eCI: 1.387, 1.718), urolithiasis (1.490; 95% eCI: 1.338, 1.658), and poisoning by drugs and nonmedicinal substances (1.470; 95% eCI: 1.298, 1.665). We also found differences by sex (depending on the diagnosis of hospitalization) and age (very young children and the elderly were more at risk). Humidity played a role in the association of heat with hospitalizations from acute bronchitis and bronchiolitis and diseases of the muscular system and connective tissue, which were higher in dry days. Moreover, heat-related effects were exacerbated on high pollution days for metabolic disorders and obesity (PM 2.5 ) and diabetes (PM 10 , O 3 ). DISCUSSION Short-term exposure to heat was found to be associated with new diagnoses (e.g., metabolic diseases and obesity, blood diseases, acute bronchitis and bronchiolitis, muscular and connective tissue diseases, poisoning by drugs and nonmedicinal substances, complications of surgical and medical care, and symptoms, signs, and ill-defined conditions) and previously identified diagnoses of hospital admissions. The characterization of the vulnerability to heat can help improve clinical and public health practices to reduce the health risks posed by a warming planet. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP13254.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hicham Achebak
- Inserm, France Cohortes, Paris, France
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yamasaki L, Kamada T, Ng CFS, Takane Y, Nakajima K, Yamaguchi K, Oka K, Honda Y, Kim Y, Hashizume M. Heat-related mortality and ambulance transport after a power outage in the Tokyo metropolitan area. Environ Epidemiol 2024; 8:e292. [PMID: 38617431 PMCID: PMC11008645 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Air conditioners can prevent heat-related illness and mortality, but the increased use of air conditioners may enhance susceptibility to heat-related illnesses during large-scale power failures. Here, we examined the risks of heat-related illness ambulance transport (HIAT) and mortality associated with typhoon-related electricity reduction (ER) in the summer months in the Tokyo metropolitan area. Methods We conducted event study analyses to compare temperature-HIAT and mortality associations before and after the power outage (July to September 2019). To better understand the role of temperature during the power outage, we then examined whether the temperature-HIAT and mortality associations were modified by different power outage levels (0%, 10%, and 20% ER). We computed the ratios of relative risks to compare the risks associated with various ER values to the risks associated without ER. Results We analyzed the data of 14,912 HIAT cases and 74,064 deaths. Overall, 93,200 power outage cases were observed when the typhoon hit. Event study results showed that the incidence rate ratio was 2.01 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.42, 2.84) with effects enduring up to 6 days, and 1.11 (95% CI = 1.02, 1.22) for mortality on the first 3 days after the typhoon hit. Comparing 20% to 0% ER, the ratios of relative risks of heat exposure were 2.32 (95% CI = 1.41, 3.82) for HIAT and 0.95 (95% CI = 0.75, 1.22) for mortality. Conclusions A 20% ER was associated with a two-fold greater risk of HIAT because of summer heat during the power outage, but there was little evidence for the association with all-cause mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Yamasaki
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Center Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuma Kamada
- Osaka School of International Public Policy, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chris Fook Sheng Ng
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuya Takane
- Environmental Management Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ko Nakajima
- Environmental Management Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazuki Yamaguchi
- TEPCO Research Institute, Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Oka
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yasushi Honda
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoonhee Kim
- Department of Global Environmental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hashizume
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ramesh T, Wozniak GD, Yu H. County-Level Disparities in Heat-Related Emergencies. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e242845. [PMID: 38502129 PMCID: PMC10951733 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.2845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional study examines the distribution of emergency medical service activation across US countries during the heat wave in July 2023.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Ramesh
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Hao Yu
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kohon JN, Tanaka K, Himes D, Toda E, Carder PC, Carlson B. Extreme Heat Vulnerability Among Older Adults: A Multilevel Risk Index for Portland, Oregon. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2024; 64:gnad074. [PMID: 37330699 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnad074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Extreme heat is an environmental health equity concern disproportionately affecting low-income older adults and people of color. Exposure factors, such as living in rental housing and lack of air conditioning, and sensitivity factors, such as chronic disease and social isolation, increase mortality risk among older adults. Older persons face multiple barriers to adaptive heat mitigation, particularly those living in historically temperate climates. This study measures two heat vulnerability indices to identify areas and individuals most vulnerable to extreme heat and discusses opportunities to mitigate vulnerability among older adults. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We constructed two heat vulnerability indices for the Portland, OR, metropolitan area: one using area scale proxy measures extracted from existing regional data and another at the individual scale using survey data collected following the 2021 Pacific Northwest Heat Dome event. These indices were analyzed using principal component analysis and Geographic Information Systems. RESULTS Results indicate that the spatial distribution of areas and individuals vulnerable to extreme heat are quite different. The only area found among the most vulnerable on both indices has the largest agglomeration of age- and income-restricted rental housing in the metropolitan area. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS Due to spatial variations in heat-related risk at the individual and area scales, measures addressing heat risk should not be spatially uniform. By focusing resources on older adult individuals and areas in particular need of assistance, heat risk management policies can be both highly efficient and cost effective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacklyn N Kohon
- Institute on Aging, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Faculty of Economics, Research Center for Sustainability and Environment, Shiga University, Hikone, Shiga, Japan
| | - Katsuya Tanaka
- Faculty of Economics, Research Center for Sustainability and Environment, Shiga University, Hikone, Shiga, Japan
| | - Dani Himes
- Institute on Aging, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Eiji Toda
- Institute on Aging, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Paula C Carder
- Institute on Aging, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Bryant Carlson
- Institute on Aging, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Portland, Oregon, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Meltzer GY, Factor-Litvak P, Herbstman JB, Wylie BJ, Hernández D. Indoor Temperature and Energy Insecurity: Implications for Prenatal Health Disparities in Extreme Heat Events. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2024; 132:35001. [PMID: 38446582 PMCID: PMC10917082 DOI: 10.1289/ehp13706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extreme heat events are a major public health concern and are only expected to increase in intensity and severity as climate change continues to accelerate. Pregnant people are physiologically more vulnerable to the effects of extreme heat, and exposure can induce harm on both the pregnant person and the fetus. OBJECTIVES This commentary argues that there is a need for greater epidemiological research on indoor heat exposure and energy insecurity as potential drivers of maternal and child environmental health disparities. DISCUSSION While there is substantial evidence linking ambient (outdoor) high temperature to pregnancy-related outcomes, there is a lack of epidemiological evidence to date on pregnant people's exposure to high indoor temperature and adverse maternal and/or child health outcomes. Energy insecurity is disproportionately experienced by people with low incomes and/or people of color, and indoor temperature may play a role in shaping socioeconomic and racial/ethnic disparities in maternal and child health in the United States. Further research is needed to understand the relationship between indoor heat exposure, energy insecurity, and pregnancy outcomes in both parents and children and to inform potential policies and practices to enhance resilience and reduce maternal/child health disparities. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP13706.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Y. Meltzer
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Pam Factor-Litvak
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Julie B. Herbstman
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Blair J. Wylie
- Collaborative for Women's Environmental Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Diana Hernández
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bartlett VL, Doernberg H, Mooghali M, Gupta R, Wallach JD, Nyhan K, Chen K, Ross JS. Published research on the human health implications of climate change between 2012 and 2021: cross sectional study. BMJ MEDICINE 2024; 3:e000627. [PMID: 38352020 PMCID: PMC10862342 DOI: 10.1136/bmjmed-2023-000627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Objective To better understand the state of research on the effects of climate change on human health, including exposures, health conditions, populations, areas of the world studied, funding sources, and publication characteristics, with a focus on topics that are relevant for populations at risk. Design Cross sectional study. Data sources The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences climate change and human health literature portal, a curated bibliographical database of global peer reviewed research and grey literature was searched. The database combines searches of multiple search engines including PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, and includes added-value expert tagging of climate change exposures and health impacts. Eligibility criteria Inclusion criteria were peer reviewed, original research articles that investigated the health effects of climate change and were published in English from 2012 to 2021. After identification, a 10% random sample was selected to manually perform a detailed characterisation of research topics and publication information. Results 10 325 original research articles were published between 2012 and 2021, and the number of articles increased by 23% annually. In a random sample of 1014 articles, several gaps were found in research topics that are particularly relevant to populations at risk, such as those in the global south (134 countries established through the United Nations Office for South-South Cooperation) (n=444; 43.8%), adults aged 65 years or older (n=195; 19.2%), and on topics related to human conflict and migration (n=25; 2.5%) and food and water quality and security (n=148; 14.6%). Additionally, fewer first authors were from the global south (n=349; 34.4%), which may partly explain why research focusing on these countries is disproportionally less. Conclusions Although the body of research on the health effects of climate change has grown substantially over the past decade, including those with a focus on the global south, a disproportionate focus continues to be on countries in the global north and less at risk populations. Governments are the largest source of funding for such research, and governments, particularly in the global north, need to re-orient their climate and health research funding to support researchers in the global south and to be more inclusive of issues that are relevant to the global south.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maryam Mooghali
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ravi Gupta
- Johns Hopkins Medicine School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joshua D Wallach
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kate Nyhan
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
- Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joseph S Ross
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA
- Section of General Internal Medicine and National Clinician Scholars Program, Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Castro E, Liu A, Wei Y, Kosheleva A, Schwartz J. Modification of the PM 2.5- and extreme heat-mortality relationships by historical redlining: a case-crossover study in thirteen U.S. states. Environ Health 2024; 23:16. [PMID: 38326853 PMCID: PMC10851491 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-024-01055-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Redlining has been associated with worse health outcomes and various environmental disparities, separately, but little is known of the interaction between these two factors, if any. We aimed to estimate whether living in a historically-redlined area modifies the effects of exposures to ambient PM2.5 and extreme heat on mortality by non-external causes. METHODS We merged 8,884,733 adult mortality records from thirteen state departments of public health with scanned and georeferenced Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC) maps from the University of Richmond, daily average PM2.5 from a sophisticated prediction model on a 1-km grid, and daily temperature and vapor pressure from the Daymet V4 1-km grid. A case-crossover approach was used to assess modification of the effects of ambient PM2.5 and extreme heat exposures by redlining and control for all fixed and slow-varying factors by design. Multiple moving averages of PM2.5 and duration-aware analyses of extreme heat were used to assess the most vulnerable time windows. RESULTS We found significant statistical interactions between living in a redlined area and exposures to both ambient PM2.5 and extreme heat. Individuals who lived in redlined areas had an interaction odds ratio for mortality of 1.0093 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.0084, 1.0101) for each 10 µg m-3 increase in same-day ambient PM2.5 compared to individuals who did not live in redlined areas. For extreme heat, the interaction odds ratio was 1.0218 (95% CI 1.0031, 1.0408). CONCLUSIONS Living in areas that were historically-redlined in the 1930's increases the effects of exposures to both PM2.5 and extreme heat on mortality by non-external causes, suggesting that interventions to reduce environmental health disparities can be more effective by also considering the social context of an area and how to reduce disparities there. Further study is required to ascertain the specific pathways through which this effect modification operates and to develop interventions that can contribute to health equity for individuals living in these areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Castro
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Abbie Liu
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yaguang Wei
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Anna Kosheleva
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Calhoun ZD, Willard F, Ge C, Rodriguez C, Bergin M, Carlson D. Estimating the effects of vegetation and increased albedo on the urban heat island effect with spatial causal inference. Sci Rep 2024; 14:540. [PMID: 38177220 PMCID: PMC10766998 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50981-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The urban heat island effect causes increased heat stress in urban areas. Cool roofs and urban greening have been promoted as mitigation strategies to reduce this effect. However, evaluating their efficacy remains a challenge, as potential temperature reductions depend on local characteristics. Existing methods to characterize their efficacy, such as computational fluid dynamics and urban canopy models, are computationally burdensome and require a high degree of expertise to employ. We propose a data-driven approach to overcome these hurdles, inspired by recent innovations in spatial causal inference. This approach allows for estimates of hypothetical interventions to reduce the urban heat island effect. We demonstrate this approach by modeling evening temperature in Durham, North Carolina, using readily retrieved air temperature, land cover, and satellite data. Hypothetical interventions such as lining streets with trees, cool roofs, and changing parking lots to green space are estimated to decrease evening temperatures by a maximum of 0.7-0.9 [Formula: see text], with reduced effects on temperature as a function of distance from the intervention. Because of the ease of data access, this approach may be applied to other cities in the U.S. to help them come up with city-specific solutions for reducing urban heat stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary D Calhoun
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Frank Willard
- Department of Computer Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Department of Statistics, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Chenhao Ge
- Rhodes Information Initiative, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Division of Natural and Applied Sciences, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, 215316, Jiangsu, China
| | - Claudia Rodriguez
- Department of Computer Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Mike Bergin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - David Carlson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Walling H. Solar power in Blood meridian. PHOTODERMATOLOGY, PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2024; 40:e12924. [PMID: 37968785 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
|
11
|
Khatana SAM, Eberly LA, Nathan AS, Groeneveld PW. Projected Change in the Burden of Excess Cardiovascular Deaths Associated With Extreme Heat by Midcentury (2036-2065) in the Contiguous United States. Circulation 2023; 148:1559-1569. [PMID: 37901952 PMCID: PMC10840949 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.123.066017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Climate change is causing an increase in extreme heat. Individuals with cardiovascular disease are at high risk of heat-related adverse health effects. How the burden of extreme heat-associated cardiovascular deaths in the United States will change with the projected rise in extreme heat is unknown. METHODS We obtained data on cardiovascular deaths among adults and the number of extreme heat days (maximum heat index ≥90 °F [32.2 °C]) in each county in the contiguous United States from 2008 to 2019. Based on representative concentration pathway trajectories that model greenhouse gas emissions and shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP) that model future socioeconomic scenarios and demographic projections, we obtained county-level projected numbers of extreme heat days and populations under 2 scenarios for the midcentury period 2036 to 2065: SSP2-4.5 (representing demographic projections from a "middle-of-the-road" socioeconomic scenario and an intermediate increase in emissions) and SSP5-8.5 (demographic projections in an economy based on "fossil-fueled development" and a large increase in emissions). The association of cardiovascular mortality with extreme heat was estimated with a Poisson fixed-effects model. Using estimates from this model, the projected number of excess cardiovascular deaths associated with extreme heat was calculated. RESULTS Extreme heat was associated with 1651 (95% CI, 921-2381) excess cardiovascular deaths per year from 2008 to 2019. By midcentury, extreme heat is projected to be associated with 4320 (95% CI, 2369-6272) excess deaths annually, which is an increase of 162% (95% CI, 142-182) under SSP2-4.5, and 5491 (95% CI, 3011-7972) annual excess deaths, which is an increase of 233% (95% CI, 206-259) under SSP5-8.5. Elderly adults are projected to have a 3.5 (95% CI, 3.2-3.8) times greater increase in deaths in the SSP2-4.5 scenario compared with nonelderly adults. Non-Hispanic Black adults are projected to have a 4.6 (95% CI, 2.8-6.4) times greater increase compared with non-Hispanic White adults. The projected change in deaths was not statistically significantly different for other race and ethnicity groups or between men and women. CONCLUSIONS By midcentury, extreme heat is projected to be associated with a significantly greater burden of excess cardiovascular deaths in the contiguous United States.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sameed Ahmed M. Khatana
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Penn Cardiovascular Outcomes, Quality, & Evaluative Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- The Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lauren A. Eberly
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Penn Cardiovascular Outcomes, Quality, & Evaluative Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- The Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ashwin S. Nathan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Penn Cardiovascular Outcomes, Quality, & Evaluative Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- The Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Peter W. Groeneveld
- Penn Cardiovascular Outcomes, Quality, & Evaluative Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- The Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Münzel T, Sørensen M, Hahad O, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Daiber A. The contribution of the exposome to the burden of cardiovascular disease. Nat Rev Cardiol 2023; 20:651-669. [PMID: 37165157 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-023-00873-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Large epidemiological and health impact assessment studies at the global scale, such as the Global Burden of Disease project, indicate that chronic non-communicable diseases, such as atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus, caused almost two-thirds of the annual global deaths in 2020. By 2030, 77% of all deaths are expected to be caused by non-communicable diseases. Although this increase is mainly due to the ageing of the general population in Western societies, other reasons include the increasing effects of soil, water, air and noise pollution on health, together with the effects of other environmental risk factors such as climate change, unhealthy city designs (including lack of green spaces), unhealthy lifestyle habits and psychosocial stress. The exposome concept was established in 2005 as a new strategy to study the effect of the environment on health. The exposome describes the harmful biochemical and metabolic changes that occur in our body owing to the totality of different environmental exposures throughout the life course, which ultimately lead to adverse health effects and premature deaths. In this Review, we describe the exposome concept with a focus on environmental physical and chemical exposures and their effects on the burden of cardiovascular disease. We discuss selected exposome studies and highlight the relevance of the exposome concept for future health research as well as preventive medicine. We also discuss the challenges and limitations of exposome studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Münzel
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Mette Sørensen
- Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Natural Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Omar Hahad
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mark Nieuwenhuijsen
- Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), PRBB building (Mar Campus), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Resnick B, Bernhardt JM, Quinn L, Cox R. The impact of rising ambient temperatures on older adults. Geriatr Nurs 2023; 53:A1-A2. [PMID: 37620188 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Resnick
- School of Nursing, University of Maryland, 655 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| | - Jean M Bernhardt
- MGH Institute of Health Professions, School of Nursing, 36 1(st) Avenue, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Lisa Quinn
- MGH Institute of Health Professions, School of Nursing, 36 1(st) Avenue, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Rachel Cox
- MGH Institute of Health Professions, School of Nursing, 36 1(st) Avenue, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wade R. Climate Change and Healthcare: Creating a Sustainable and Climate-Resilient Health Delivery System. J Healthc Manag 2023; 68:227-238. [PMID: 37410987 DOI: 10.1097/jhm-d-23-00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Climate change poses global challenges as rising temperatures, recurring natural disasters, and the resulting increase in the prevalence of acute and long-term climate-related diseases threaten the health and safety of populations worldwide. The healthcare sector, one of the largest sources of greenhouse gas emissions globally, both exacerbates and suffers from these effects. As leaders in their local communities and the national economy, hospitals and health systems have a responsibility to not only build climate resilience to withstand disaster events but also implement sustainability initiatives that will reduce the healthcare sector's carbon footprint. A wide variety of initiatives that can meet all financial plans and timelines are available. This discussion focuses on three of the most impactful areas for opportunity: building resilience through community, operating room sustainability, and renewable energy sources.
Collapse
|
15
|
Yüzen D, Graf I, Tallarek AC, Hollwitz B, Wiessner C, Schleussner E, Stammer D, Padula A, Hecher K, Arck PC, Diemert A. Increased late preterm birth risk and altered uterine blood flow upon exposure to heat stress. EBioMedicine 2023:104651. [PMID: 37355458 PMCID: PMC10363435 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Climate change, in particular the exposure to heat, impacts on human health and can trigger diseases. Pregnant people are considered a vulnerable group given the physiological changes during pregnancy and the potentially long-lasting consequences for the offspring. Evidence published to date on higher risk of pregnancy complications upon heat stress exposure are from geographical areas with high ambient temperatures. Studies from geographic regions with temperate climates are sparse; however, these areas are critical since individuals may be less equipped to adapt to heat stress. This study addresses a significant gap in knowledge due to the temperature increase documented globally. METHODS Birth data of singleton pregnancies (n = 42,905) from a tertiary care centre in Hamburg, Germany, between 1999 and 2021 were retrospectively obtained and matched with climate data from the warmer season (March to September) provided by the adjacent federal meteorological station of the German National Meteorological Service to calculate the relative risk of heat-associated preterm birth. Heat events were defined by ascending temperature percentiles in combination with humidity over exposure periods of up to 5 days. Further, ultrasound data documented in a longitudinal prospective pregnancy cohort study (n = 612) since 2012 were used to identify pathophysiological causes of heat-induced preterm birth. FINDINGS Both extreme heat and prolonged periods of heat exposure increased the relative risk of preterm birth (RR: 1.59; 95% CI: 1.01-2.43; p = 0.045; RR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.02-1.40; p = 0.025). We identified a critical period of heat exposure during gestational ages 34-37 weeks that resulted in increased risk of late preterm birth (RR: 1.67; 95% CI: 1.14-1.43; p = 0.009). Pregnancies with a female fetus were more prone to heat stress-associated preterm birth. We found heat exposure was associated with altered vascular resistance within the uterine artery. INTERPRETATION Heat stress caused by high ambient temperatures increases the risk of preterm birth in a geographical region with temperate climate. Prenatal routine care should be revised in such regions to provide active surveillance for women at risk. FUNDING Found in acknowledgements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Yüzen
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, Laboratory for Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, University Medical Centre of Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany; Institute of Immunology, University Medical Centre of Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Isabel Graf
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, Laboratory for Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, University Medical Centre of Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Ann-Christin Tallarek
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Centre of Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Bettina Hollwitz
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Centre of Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Christian Wiessner
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Centre of Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | | | - Detlef Stammer
- Centre for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), University Hamburg, Germany
| | - Amy Padula
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Kurt Hecher
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Centre of Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Petra Clara Arck
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, Laboratory for Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, University Medical Centre of Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.
| | - Anke Diemert
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Centre of Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Burtscher J, Millet GP, Burtscher M. Reduced mortality in cooler surroundings. Lancet 2023; 401:1771. [PMID: 37244689 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(23)00636-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Burtscher
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Grégoire P Millet
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martin Burtscher
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cox LA. Improving interventional causal predictions in regulatory risk assessment. Crit Rev Toxicol 2023; 53:311-325. [PMID: 37489873 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2023.2229923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
In 2022, the US EPA published an important risk assessment concluding that "Compared to the current annual standard, meeting a revised annual standard with a lower level is estimated to reduce PM2.5-associated health risks in the 30 annually-controlled study areas by about 7-9% for a level of 11.0 µg/m3… and 30-37% for a level of 8.0 µg/m3." These are interventional causal predictions: they predict percentage reductions in mortality risks caused by different counterfactual reductions in fine particulate (PM2.5) levels. Valid causal predictions are possible if: (1) Study designs are used that can support valid causal inferences about the effects of interventions (e.g., quasi-experiments with appropriate control groups); (2) Appropriate causal models and methods are used to analyze the data; (3) Model assumptions are satisfied (at least approximately); and (4) Non-causal sources of exposure-response associations such as confounding, measurement error, and model misspecification are appropriately modeled and adjusted for. This paper examines two long-term mortality studies selected by the EPA to predict reductions in PM2.5-associated risk. Both papers use Cox proportional hazards (PH) models. For these models, none of these four conditions is satisfied, making it difficult to interpret or validate their causal predictions. Scientists, reviewers, regulators, and members of the public can benefit from more trustworthy and credible risk assessments and causal predictions by insisting that risk assessments supporting interventional causal conclusions be based on study designs, methods, and models that are appropriate for predicting effects caused by interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louis Anthony Cox
- Cox Associates, MoirAI, Entanglement, and University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ionita G, Bonafede M, Ariani F, Marinaccio A, Morabito M, Levi M. Development of a Prototype Observatory of Heat-Related Occupational Illnesses and Injuries through the Collection of Information from the Italian Press, as Part of the WORKLIMATE Project. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4530. [PMID: 36901537 PMCID: PMC10001888 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to heat is a recognized occupational risk factor. Deaths and accidents at work caused by high temperatures are underestimated. With the aim of detecting and monitoring heat-related illnesses and injuries, a prototype database of occupational events attributable to critical thermal conditions reported in Italian newspapers was created. Information was analyzed from national and local online newspapers using a web application. The analysis was conducted from May to September during the three-year period 2020-2022. Articles concerning 35 occupational heat-related illnesses and injuries were selected; 57.1% of the events were reported in 2022, and 31.4% of total accidents occurred in the month of July 2022, when the Universal Thermal Climate Index daily mean values corresponded to "moderate heat stress" (51.0%) and "strong heat stress" (49.0%). Fatal heat-related illnesses were the most frequent conditions described. In most cases, workers had been involved in outdoor activities in the construction sector. A comprehensive report was created by compiling all relevant newspaper articles to enhance awareness of this issue among relevant stakeholders and promote heat-risk prevention strategies in the current context where heatwaves are becoming increasingly frequent, intense and long-lasting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Ionita
- Medical Specialization School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Michela Bonafede
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene Department, Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority (INAIL), 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Ariani
- CeRIMP (Regional Centre for Occupational Injuries and Disease of Tuscany), Local Health Authority Tuscany Centre, 50135 Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro Marinaccio
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene Department, Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority (INAIL), 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Morabito
- Institute of Bioeconomy, National Research Council (IBE-CNR), 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Miriam Levi
- Epidemiology Unit, Department of Prevention, Local Health Authority Tuscany Centre, 50135 Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Poon EKW, Kitsios V, Pilcher D, Bellomo R, Raman J. Projecting Future Climate Impact on National Australian Respiratory-Related Intensive Care Unit Demand. Heart Lung Circ 2023; 32:95-104. [PMID: 36604222 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS A robust climate-health projection model has the potential to improve health care resource allocation. We aim to explore the relationship between Australian intensive care unit (ICU) demand and various measures of the long-lived large-scale climate and to develop a future nationwide climate-health projection model. METHODS We investigated patients admitted to ICUs in Australia between January 2003 and December 2019 who were exposed to long-lived large-scale combined climatic measures of temperature and humidity. We analysed the projected demand for respiratory-related ICU average length of stay (in days) per capita (ICUD/C) with four historical and one future projection dataset. These datasets included: i) Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society adult patient database, ii) Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center gridded global historical population, iii) Australian Bureau of Statistics national historical population, iv) Japanese 55-year Reanalysis historical climate (JRA55), and v) the fifth Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project future climate projections. RESULTS 148,638 patients with respiratory issues required intensive care between 2003 and 2019. The annual growth in the population density-weighted wet-bulb-globe temperature-a combined measure of temperature and humidity-is strongly correlated with the annual per capita growth ICUD/C for respiratory-related conditions (r=0.771; p<0.001). This relationship was applied to develop a model projecting future respiratory-related ICU demand with three possible future Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP). RCP2.6 (lowest carbon emission climate scenario) showed only a 33.4% increase in Australian ICUD/C demand by 2090, while the RCP8.5 (highest carbon emission climate scenario) demonstrated almost two-fold higher demand (66.1%) than RCP2.6 by 2090. CONCLUSIONS The annual growth in population density-weighted wet-bulb-globe temperature correlates with the annual growth in Australian ICUD/C for respiratory-related conditions. A model based on possible future climate scenarios can be developed to predict changes in ICU demand in response to CO2 changes over the coming decades.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric K W Poon
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
| | - Vassili Kitsios
- CSIRO, Oceans & Atmosphere, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; Laboratory for Turbulence Research in Aerospace and Combustion, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - David Pilcher
- Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; The Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society (ANZICS) Centre for Outcome and Resources Evaluation, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; The Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Rinaldo Bellomo
- The Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; Department of Critical Care, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Jai Raman
- Austin Hospital Clinical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; Deakin University, Geelong & Melbourne, Vic, Australia; James Cook University, Townsville & Cairns, Qld, Australia; University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Du Y, Jing M, Lu C, Zong J, Wang L, Wang Q. Global Population Exposure to Extreme Temperatures and Disease Burden. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13288. [PMID: 36293869 PMCID: PMC9603138 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The frequency and duration of extreme temperature events continues to increase worldwide. However, the scale of population exposure and its quantitative relationship with health risks remains unknown on a global scale, limiting our ability to identify policy priorities in response to climate change. Based on data from 171 countries between 2010 and 2019, this study estimated the exposure of vulnerable populations to extreme temperatures, and their contemporary and lag associations with disease burden attributed to non-optimal temperatures. Fixed-effects models and dynamic panel models were applied. Increased vulnerable population exposure to extreme temperatures had adverse contemporary effects on the burden of disease attributed to non-optimal temperature. Health risks stemming from extreme cold could accumulate to a greater extent, exhibiting a larger lag effect. Population exposure to extreme cold was mainly distributed in high-income countries, while extreme heat occurred more in low-income and middle-income countries. However, the association between population exposure to extreme cold and burden of disease was much stronger in low-income and middle-income countries than in high-income countries, whereas the effect size of population exposure to extreme heat was similar. Our study highlighted that differential strategies should be determined and implemented according to the characteristics in different countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Du
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- National Institute of Health Data Science of China, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Ming Jing
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Science), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Chunyu Lu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- National Institute of Health Data Science of China, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Jingru Zong
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- National Institute of Health Data Science of China, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Lingli Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- National Institute of Health Data Science of China, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- National Institute of Health Data Science of China, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| |
Collapse
|