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García M, Albizua Madariaga I, Sainz-Gil M, Lertxundi U. Acetazolamide-induced pulmonary oedema: A disproportionality analysis from the EudraVigilance database. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2024; 90:1751-1755. [PMID: 38770584 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.16117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
To our knowledge, no prior study has analysed a possible association between acetazolamide and pulmonary oedema. The aim of this study was to use data from the EudraVigilance to detect a safety signal for acetazolamide-induced pulmonary oedema. We performed a disproportionality analysis (case-noncase method), calculating reporting odds ratios (RORs) up to 22 February 2024. Among 11 684 208 spontaneous cases of adverse reactions registered in EudraVigilance, 38 275 were pulmonary oedemas. Acetazolamide was involved in 31 cases. In more than half of those cases, the patients received a single dose of acetazolamide after undergoing cataract surgery: latency was 10-90 min. Remarkably, there were five cases of positive rechallenge and six cases resulted in death. The ROR for acetazolamide was 3.63 (95% CI 2.55-5.17). Disproportionality was also observed in VigiBase®: ROR 4.44 (95% CI 3.34-5.90). Our study confirms a signal that suggests a risk of serious pulmonary oedema associated with acetazolamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat García
- Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Galdakao-Usansolo Hospital, Basque Country Pharmacovigilance Unit, Galdakao, Spain
| | | | - María Sainz-Gil
- Centro de Estudios sobre la Seguridad de los Medicamentos (CESME). Departamento de Biología Celular, Histología, Farmacología y Genética. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación Reconocido 'Pharmacogenetics, Cancer Genetics, Genetic Polymorphisms and Pharmacoepidemiology', Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Unax Lertxundi
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Araba Mental Health Network, Araba Psychiatric Hospital, Pharmacy Service, Gasteiz, Alava, Spain
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Schwartz AH, Sieminski S. Acetazolamide induced noncardiogenic pulmonary edema, an underreported serious adverse event. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2023; 30:101827. [PMID: 37034462 PMCID: PMC10074496 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2023.101827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To report a case of acute noncardiogenic pulmonary edema (NCPE) after administration of acetazolamide post routine cataract surgery. Observations 30 minutes after administration of oral acetazolamide, the patient experienced abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and diaphoresis. The patient was taken to the emergency room where she was found to have pulmonary edema. After life threatening respiratory failure resulting in prolonged intubation, the patient was eventually discharged from the hospital. Conclusions and importance NCPE is a rare but severe adverse effect of acetazolamide and should be considered when prescribing such agents.
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Khan M, Shah SR, Khan F, Halim SA, Rahman SM, Khalid M, Khan A, Al-Harrasi A. Efficient Synthesis with Green Chemistry Approach of Novel Pharmacophores of Imidazole-Based Hybrids for Tumor Treatment: Mechanistic Insights from In Situ to In Silico. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14205079. [PMID: 36291864 PMCID: PMC9600394 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Here, we report the eco-friendly synthesis and antitumor potential of the imidazole hybrids of pyrimidine. The results showed that all the compounds possess excellent inhibition of tumors, promoting enzymes hCA-IX and hCA-II. Furthermore, the selectivity index showed that compounds 7, 10, and 11 are selective inhibitors of hCA-IX, while compound 2 is a selective inhibitor of hCA-IX. More importantly, all the active inhibitors are toxic to the breast cancer cell line and non-cytotoxic for the normal breast cell line. These compounds would be a suitable choice to investigate in the in vivo models to check their efficacy against these particular targets. These newly identified human carbonic anhydrase inhibitors have potential to be considered as therapeutic leads for the treatment of CA-related diseases, especially for breast and lung tumors and glaucoma. Furthermore, lead optimization and preclinical and clinical investigations of these compounds are necessary to develop potential drug entities for the treatment of cancer. Abstract Imidazole-based pyrimidine hybrids are considered a remarkable class of compounds in pharmaceutical chemistry. Here, we report the anticancer bioactivities of eleven imidazole-based pyrimidine hybrids (1–11) that specifically target cytosolic carbonic anhydrase (CAs) isoenzymes, including human CA-II and human CA-IX (hCA-II, and hCA-IX). A highly eco-friendly aqueous approach was used for the formation of a carbon–carbon bond by reacting aromatic nitro group substitution of nitroimidazoles with carbon nucleophiles. The in vitro results indicate that this new class of compounds (1–11) includes significant inhibitors of hCA IX with IC50 values in the range of 9.6 ± 0.2–32.2 ± 1.0 µM, while hCA II showed IC50 values in range of 11.6 ± 0.2–31.1 ± 1.3 µM. Compound 2 (IC50 = 12.3 ± 0.1 µM) showed selective inhibition for hCA-II while 7, 8, and 10 (IC50 = 9.6–32.2 µM) were selective for hCA-IX. The mechanism of action was investigated through in vitro kinetics studies that revealed that compounds 7, 3, 11, 10, 4, and 9 for CA-IX and 1, 2, and 11 for CA-II are competitive inhibitors with dissociation constant (Ki) in the range of 7.32–17.02 µM. Furthermore, the in situ cytotoxicity of these compounds was investigated in the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 and compared with the normal human breast cell line, MCF-10A. Compound 5 showed excellent anticancer/cytotoxic activity in MDA-MB-231 with no toxicity to the normal breast cells. In addition, in silico molecular docking was employed to predict the binding mechanism of active compounds with their targets. This in silico observation aligned with our experimental results. Our findings signify that imidazole-based hybrids could be a useful choice to design anticancer agents for breast and lung tumors, or antiglaucoma compounds, by specific inhibition of carbonic anhydrases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, 616 Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa P.O. Box 33, Oman
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Syed Raza Shah
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, 616 Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa P.O. Box 33, Oman
| | - Faizullah Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, 616 Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa P.O. Box 33, Oman
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Ahsan Halim
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, 616 Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa P.O. Box 33, Oman
| | - Shaikh Mizanoor Rahman
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, 616 Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa P.O. Box 33, Oman
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, 616 Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa P.O. Box 33, Oman
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (A.A.-H.)
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, 616 Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa P.O. Box 33, Oman
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (A.A.-H.)
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Bleicher ID, Rossin EJ, Vavvas DG. Reevaluating the Risk of Serious Adverse Events of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors. JAMA Ophthalmol 2022; 140:745-746. [PMID: 35616947 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2022.1565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isaac D Bleicher
- Department of Ophthalmology, Retina Service, Ines and Fredrick Yeatts Retinal Research Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Elizabeth J Rossin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Retina Service, Ines and Fredrick Yeatts Retinal Research Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Demetrios G Vavvas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Retina Service, Ines and Fredrick Yeatts Retinal Research Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston
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Popovic MM, Schlenker MB, Redelmeier DA. Reevaluating the Risk of Serious Adverse Events of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors-Reply. JAMA Ophthalmol 2022; 140:746-747. [PMID: 35616951 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2022.1568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marko M Popovic
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew B Schlenker
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Kensington Vision and Research Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Trillium Health Partners, Institute for Better Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Donald A Redelmeier
- Evaluative Clinical Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences in Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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