1
|
Warrick JI, Knowles MA, Hurst CD, Shuman L, Raman JD, Walter V, Putt J, Dyrskjøt L, Groeneveld C, Castro MAA, Robertson AG, DeGraff DJ. A transcriptional network of cell cycle dysregulation in noninvasive papillary urothelial carcinoma. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16538. [PMID: 36192513 PMCID: PMC9529892 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20927-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cancers display a restricted set of expression profiles, despite diverse mutational drivers. This has led to the hypothesis that select sets of transcription factors act on similar target genes as an integrated network, buffering a tumor’s transcriptional state. Noninvasive papillary urothelial carcinoma (NIPUC) with higher cell cycle activity has higher risk of recurrence and progression. In this paper, we describe a transcriptional network of cell cycle dysregulation in NIPUC, which was delineated using the ARACNe algorithm applied to expression data from a new cohort (n = 81, RNA sequencing), and two previously published cohorts. The transcriptional network comprised 121 transcription factors, including the pluripotency factors SOX2 and SALL4, the sex hormone binding receptors ESR1 and PGR, and multiple homeobox factors. Of these 121 transcription factors, 65 and 56 were more active in tumors with greater and less cell cycle activity, respectively. When clustered by activity of these transcription factors, tumors divided into High Cell Cycle versus Low Cell Cycle groups. Tumors in the High Cell Cycle group demonstrated greater mutational burden and copy number instability. A putative mutational driver of cell cycle dysregulation, such as homozygous loss of CDKN2A, was found in only 50% of High Cell Cycle NIPUC, suggesting a prominent role of transcription factor activity in driving cell cycle dysregulation. Activity of the 121 transcription factors strongly associated with expression of EZH2 and other members of the PRC2 complex, suggesting regulation by this complex influences expression of the transcription factors in this network. Activity of transcription factors in this network also associated with signatures of pluripotency and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), suggesting they play a role in driving evolution to invasive carcinoma. Consistent with this, these transcription factors differed in activity between NIPUC and invasive urothelial carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua I Warrick
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA. .,Department of Urology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
| | - Margaret A Knowles
- Divison of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Molecular Research at St James's, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Carolyn D Hurst
- Divison of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Molecular Research at St James's, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Lauren Shuman
- Department of Urology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Jay D Raman
- Department of Urology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Vonn Walter
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Jeffrey Putt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Lars Dyrskjøt
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Clarice Groeneveld
- Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs (CIT) Program, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Équipe Oncologie Moleculaire, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Mauro A A Castro
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 81520-260, Brazil
| | | | - David J DeGraff
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA. .,Department of Urology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Konar H. Mullerian Malformations and Reconstructive Surgery: Clinicians' Approach. J Obstet Gynaecol India 2021; 71:11-20. [PMID: 33814794 DOI: 10.1007/s13224-020-01400-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mullerian malformations are not uncommon. Overall incidence ranges widely between 1 in 200 women and 4 in 100 women (Chan et al. in Hum Reprod Update 17:761-771, 2011; Grimbizis et al. in Hum Reprod 28:2032-2044, 2013). Other way, these observations suggest presently an increased number of Mullerian abnormalities are diagnosed with more details, following the use of newer diagnostic modalities. Most classifications that are available have limitations. Diagnosis was based on imaging studies that had low diagnostic accuracy. It was focused mainly on the anomalies of the uterus. Less is known about the anomalies of the cervix or the vagina in isolation or in combination with the utero-cervical and vaginal malformations. Improved diagnostic modalities and incorporation of assisted reproductive technology have improved the outcome further. Therefore, a more expanded classification needs to be introduced with wider criteria for the clinicians. This will make clinicians' approach for the management more simple.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiralal Konar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Agartala Government Medical College and G. B Pant Hospital, Agartala, Tripura India.,Kolkata, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Weijenborg PTM, Kluivers KB, Dessens AB, Kate-Booij MJ, Both S. Sexual functioning, sexual esteem, genital self-image and psychological and relational functioning in women with Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome: a case-control study. Hum Reprod 2020; 34:1661-1673. [PMID: 31418785 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dez130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Do sexual functioning, sexual esteem, genital self-image and psychological and relational functioning in women with Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome differ from a comparison group of women without the condition? SUMMARY ANSWER In comparison to controls, women with MRKH with a non-surgically or surgically created neovagina did not differ in psychological and relational functioning but reported lower sexual esteem and more negative genital self-image, intercourse-related pain, clinically relevant sexual distress and sexual dysfunction, with sexual esteem levels strongly associated with sexual distress and sexual dysfunction. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Studies on sexual functioning measured with standardized questionnaires in women with MRKH syndrome compared with women without the condition have yielded contradictory results. Factors associated with sexual functioning in this patient population have rarely been investigated. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Between November 2015 and May 2017, 54 women with MRKH syndrome with a neovagina and 79 age-matched healthy women without the condition were enrolled in this case-control study. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS All participants had to be at least 18-years old and had to live in a steady heterosexual relationship. Women with MRKH syndrome were asked to participate by their (former) gynecologists at three university hospitals and by MRKH peer support group. Controls were recruited via advertisement in local newspapers and social media. Standardized questionnaires were administered to assess sexual functioning, sexual esteem, genital self-image and psychological and relational functioning. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Women with MRKH syndrome with a surgically or non-surgically created neovagina reported significantly more pain during intercourse (P < 0.05, d = 0.5), but did not differ in overall sexual functioning from control women. More women with MRKH syndrome reported clinically relevant sexuality-related distress (P < 0.05, odds ratio (OR): 2.756, 95% CI 1.219-6.232) and suffered a sexual dysfunction (P < 0.05, OR: 2.654, 95% CI: 1.088-6.471) in comparison with controls. MRKH women scored significantly lower on the sexual esteem scale (SES) (P < 0.01, d = 0.5) and the female genital self-image scale (FGSIS) (P < 0.01, d = 0.6) than controls. No significant differences were found between the two groups regarding psychological distress, anxiety and depression, global self-esteem and relational dissatisfaction. Sexual esteem was significantly associated with the presence of clinically relevant sexual distress (ß = 0.455, P = 0.001) and suffering a sexual dysfunction (ß = 0.554, P = 0.001) and explained, respectively, 40% and 28% of the variance. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Given the nature of the study focusing on sexual functioning, a potential selection bias cannot be excluded. It is possible that those women with the most severe sexual and/or psychological disturbances did or did not choose to participate in our study. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The study results add new data to the very limited knowledge about psychosexual functioning of women with MRKH syndrome and are of importance for more adequate counseling and treatment of these women. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) The research was financially supported by the Dutch Scientific Society of Sexology (Nederlandse wetenschappelijke Vereniging Voor Seksuologie). The funding was unrestricted, and there was no involvement in the conduct of the research. There are no conflicts of interest to declare.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P T M Weijenborg
- Outpatient Clinic Psychosomatic Gynaecology and Sexology, Department of Gynaecology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - K B Kluivers
- Department of Gynaecology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A B Dessens
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M J Kate-Booij
- Department of Gynaecology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Both
- Outpatient Clinic Psychosomatic Gynaecology and Sexology, Department of Gynaecology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Theodoridis TD, Pappas PD, Grimbizis GF. Surgical management of congenital uterine anomalies (including indications and surgical techniques). Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2019; 59:66-76. [PMID: 30910446 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of congenital uterine anomalies (CUA) is reported to be 4.3-6.7% in the general population, 3.4%-8% in the infertile population, and 12.6-18.2% of those with recurrent miscarriages. They are the result of abnormal formation, differentiation, and fusion of the Müllerian or paramesonephric ducts during fetal life. To date, various classification systems have been proposed for the categorization of CUA, but the recently introduced ESHRE/ESGE classification seems to be a new, clear, and systematic categorization, which could be the basis for clinicians to rely on when they refer to CUA and their clinical impact either generally or concerning pregnancy outcomes. CUA are apparently related to an impaired reproductive outcome, while their exact clinical impact as well as the effectiveness of their treatment remain considered controversial. Surgery is indicated in women presenting with symptoms related to specific uterine anomalies, especially in those with fertility problems. In this review, indications, surgical techniques for the repair of CUA according to their classification, and fertility and pregnancy outcomes before and after surgery will be thoroughly reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros D Theodoridis
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Panagiotis D Pappas
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Grigoris F Grimbizis
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sood A, Jamzadeh A, Chowdhury M, Lakshmanan Y. Johanson-Blizzard syndrome with associated urogenital anomalies. BMJ Case Rep 2018; 2018:bcr-2018-225336. [PMID: 30097546 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2018-225336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a case of a child with pancreatic insufficiency and facial defects typical of Johanson-Blizzard syndrome (JBS), along with the more facultative anomalies of the JBS, such as those of the urogenital system including persistent urogenital sinus, urethral duplication and dysplastic kidneys. Fetal ultrasound in a 21-year-old G1P1 woman revealed ambiguous genitalia. Examination at birth revealed a phallic structure with urethral meatus, non-palpable gonads, two orifices in close proximity in the perineum, with the anterior being a common urogenital channel and the posterior, the rectum. A voiding cystourethrogram/genitogram showed bilateral high-grade vesicoureteral reflux and a common urogenital sinus extending 1.5 cm before dividing into three channels: the native urethra, an accessory urethra directed anteriorly towards the clitoris and a septate vagina with uterus didelphys. JBS was suspected by clinical presentation and confirmed by UBR1 molecular testing (46,XX). At 16 months of age, she underwent feminising genitoplasty and posterior sagittal anorectoplasty.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Sood
- Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,VCORE
- Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Asha Jamzadeh
- Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Mashrin Chowdhury
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Yegappan Lakshmanan
- Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Septate Uterus in a Girl with Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome. Case Rep Pediatr 2018; 2018:7878156. [PMID: 29850348 PMCID: PMC5911335 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7878156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome is an extremely rare plurimalformative condition that can affect any organ. However, reports regarding gynecological problems are unusual. We report the first case of a septate uterus in an adolescent with this syndrome, in agreement with the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) and the Congenital Uterine Malformations by Expert (CUME) criteria for uterine septum. Additional studies are required to determine whether there is an increased frequency of müllerian duct anomalies with the condition. Our report extends the data on the clinical phenotype associated with Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome.
Collapse
|
7
|
Ledig S, Tewes A, Hucke J, Römer T, Kapczuk K, Schippert C, Hillemanns P, Wieacker P. Array-comparative genomic hybridization analysis in patients with Müllerian fusion anomalies. Clin Genet 2018; 93:640-646. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.13160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Ledig
- Institute of Human Genetics; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU); Münster Germany
| | - A.C. Tewes
- Institute of Human Genetics; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU); Münster Germany
| | - J. Hucke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Agaplesion Bethesda Krankenhaus; Wuppertal Germany
| | - T. Römer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Evangelisches Krankenhaus Köln-Weyertal; Köln-Weyertal Germany
| | - K. Kapczuk
- Division of Gynecology; Poznan University of Medical Sciences; Poznan Poland
| | - C. Schippert
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Medical School Hannover; Hannover Germany
| | - P. Hillemanns
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Medical School Hannover; Hannover Germany
| | - P. Wieacker
- Institute of Human Genetics; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU); Münster Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Brucker SY, Frank L, Eisenbeis S, Henes M, Wallwiener D, Riess O, van Eijck B, Schöller D, Bonin M, Rall KK. Sequence variants in ESR1 and OXTR are associated with Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2017; 96:1338-1346. [PMID: 28815558 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.13202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome (MRKHS) is characterized by congenital absence of the uterus and the upper two-thirds of the vagina in otherwise phenotypically normal females. It is found isolated or associated with renal, skeletal and other malformations. Despite ongoing research, the etiology is mainly unknown. For a long time, the hypothesis of deficient hormone receptors as the cause for MRKHS has existed, supported by previous findings of our group. The aim of the present study was to identify unknown genetic causes for MRKHS and to compare them with data banks including a review of the literature. MATERIAL AND METHODS DNA sequence analysis of the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) and estrogen receptor-1 gene (ESR1) was performed in a group of 93 clinically well-defined patients with uterovaginal aplasia (68 with the isolated form and 25 with associated malformations). RESULTS In total, we detected three OXTR variants in 18 MRKHS patients with one leading to a missense mutation, and six ESR1 variants in 21 MRKHS patients, two of these causing amino acid changes and therefore potentially disease. CONCLUSIONS The identified variants on DNA level might impair receptor function through different molecular mechanisms. Mutations of ESR1 and OXTR are associated with MRKHS. Thus, we consider these genes potential candidates associated with the manifestation of MRKHS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Yvonne Brucker
- Department of Women's Health, Center for Rare Female Genital Malformations, Women's University Hospital, Tübingen University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Women's Health, Research Center for Women's Health, University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Liliane Frank
- Department of Women's Health, Research Center for Women's Health, University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Simone Eisenbeis
- Department of Women's Health, Research Center for Women's Health, University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Melanie Henes
- Department of Women's Health, Center for Rare Female Genital Malformations, Women's University Hospital, Tübingen University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Diethelm Wallwiener
- Department of Women's Health, Center for Rare Female Genital Malformations, Women's University Hospital, Tübingen University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Olaf Riess
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, Tübingen University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Barbara van Eijck
- Department of Women's Health, Research Center for Women's Health, University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dorit Schöller
- Department of Women's Health, Center for Rare Female Genital Malformations, Women's University Hospital, Tübingen University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Bonin
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, Tübingen University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kristin Katharina Rall
- Department of Women's Health, Center for Rare Female Genital Malformations, Women's University Hospital, Tübingen University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Choussein S, Nasioudis D, Schizas D, Economopoulos KP. Mullerian dysgenesis: a critical review of the literature. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2017; 295:1369-1381. [DOI: 10.1007/s00404-017-4372-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
10
|
Lopes GP, Brito AB, Santos RR, Domingues SFS, Paim FP, Queiroz HL. Unilateral ovarian absence in a Black-headed Squirrel Monkey (Saimiri vanzolinii Ayres, 1985), a threatened neotropical primate species. J Med Primatol 2017; 46:87-89. [PMID: 28349553 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian agenesis is an unusual anomaly with traumatic or congenital origin. In the present case report, we describe our findings in a senile S. vanzolinii female. As this neotropical primate species is listed as vulnerable, with limited geographic distribution in the Brazilian Amazonia, ovarian agenesis may be an important finding to be reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerson P Lopes
- Laboratory of Amazon Animal Biotechnology and Medicine, Federal University of Pará, Castanhal, PA, Brazil.,Mamirauá Institute for Sustainable Development, Tefé, AM, Brazil
| | - Adriel B Brito
- Laboratory of Amazon Animal Biotechnology and Medicine, Federal University of Pará, Castanhal, PA, Brazil
| | - Regiane R Santos
- Laboratory of Amazon Animal Biotechnology and Medicine, Federal University of Pará, Castanhal, PA, Brazil
| | - Sheyla F S Domingues
- Laboratory of Amazon Animal Biotechnology and Medicine, Federal University of Pará, Castanhal, PA, Brazil
| | - Fernanda P Paim
- Mamirauá Institute for Sustainable Development, Tefé, AM, Brazil.,Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Helder L Queiroz
- Laboratory of Amazon Animal Biotechnology and Medicine, Federal University of Pará, Castanhal, PA, Brazil.,Mamirauá Institute for Sustainable Development, Tefé, AM, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Aimen FM, Atef Y, Majed G, Radhouane A, Manel M, Monia M, Khaled N, Hedi R. Spontaneous pregnancy after vaginoplasty in a patient presenting a congenital vaginal aplasia. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTION 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjr.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
12
|
Jacquinet A, Millar D, Lehman A. Etiologies of uterine malformations. Am J Med Genet A 2016; 170:2141-72. [PMID: 27273803 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ranging from aplastic uterus (including Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome) to incomplete septate uterus, uterine malformations as a group are relatively frequent in the general population. Specific causes remain largely unknown. Although most occurrences ostensibly seem sporadic, familial recurrences have been observed, which strongly implicate genetic factors. Through the study of animal models, human syndromes, and structural chromosomal variation, several candidate genes have been proposed and subsequently tested with targeted methods in series of individuals with isolated, non-isolated, or syndromic uterine malformations. To date, a few genes have garnered strong evidence of causality, mainly in syndromic presentations (HNF1B, WNT4, WNT7A, HOXA13). Sequencing of candidate genes in series of individuals with isolated uterine abnormalities has been able to suggest an association for several genes, but confirmation of a strong causative effect is still lacking for the majority of them. We review the current state of knowledge about the developmental origins of uterine malformations, with a focus on the genetic variants that have been implicated or associated with these conditions in humans, and we discuss potential reasons for the high rate of negative results. The evidence for various environmental and epigenetic factors is also reviewed. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Jacquinet
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Center for Human Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire and University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Debra Millar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Anna Lehman
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Park JW, Hwang DW, Jang JA, Choi YJ, Chun KC, Kim YA. Leiomyoma mimicking a pelvic tumour in Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome: A case report. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2016; 36:279-80. [PMID: 26942836 DOI: 10.3109/01443615.2015.1060204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J W Park
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Inje University College of Medicine, Ilsan-Paik Hospital , Gyeonggi , Korea
| | - D-W Hwang
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Inje University College of Medicine, Ilsan-Paik Hospital , Gyeonggi , Korea
| | - J A Jang
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Inje University College of Medicine, Ilsan-Paik Hospital , Gyeonggi , Korea
| | - Y-J Choi
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Inje University College of Medicine, Ilsan-Paik Hospital , Gyeonggi , Korea
| | - K-C Chun
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Inje University College of Medicine, Ilsan-Paik Hospital , Gyeonggi , Korea
| | - Y A Kim
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Inje University College of Medicine, Ilsan-Paik Hospital , Gyeonggi , Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Prunskaite-Hyyryläinen R, Skovorodkin I, Xu Q, Miinalainen I, Shan J, Vainio SJ. Wnt4 coordinates directional cell migration and extension of the Müllerian duct essential for ontogenesis of the female reproductive tract. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 25:1059-73. [PMID: 26721931 PMCID: PMC4764189 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The Müllerian duct (MD) is the anlage of the oviduct, uterus and upper part of the vagina, the main parts of the female reproductive tract. Several wingless-type mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) integration site family member (Wnt) genes, including Wnt4, Wnt5a and Wnt7a, are involved in the development of MD and its derivatives, with Wnt4 particularly critical, since the MD fails to develop in its absence. We use, here, Wnt4(EGFPCre)-based fate mapping to demonstrate that the MD tip cells and the subsequent MD cells are derived from Wnt4+ lineage cells. Moreover, Wnt4 is required for the initiation of MD-forming cell migration. Application of anti-Wnt4 function-blocking antibodies after the initiation of MD elongation indicated that Wnt4 is necessary for the elongation as well, and consistent with this, cell culture wound-healing assays with NIH3T3 cells overexpressing Wnt4 promoted cell migration by comparison with controls. In contrast to the Wnt4 null embryos, some Wnt4(monomeric cherry/monomeric cherry) (Wnt4(mCh/mCh)) hypomorphic mice survived to adulthood and formed MD in ∼45% of cases. Nevertheless, the MD of the Wnt4(mCh/mCh) females had altered cell polarization and basement membrane deposition relative to the controls. Examination of the reproductive tract of the Wnt4(mCh/mCh) females indicated a poorly coiled oviduct, absence of the endometrial glands and an undifferentiated myometrium, and these mice were prone to develop a hydro-uterus. In conclusion, the results suggest that the Wnt4 gene encodes signals that are important for various aspects of female reproductive tract development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renata Prunskaite-Hyyryläinen
- Oulu Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, Laboratory of Developmental Biology, InfoTech Oulu, University of Oulu, PO Box 5000, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland and
| | - Ilya Skovorodkin
- Oulu Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, Laboratory of Developmental Biology, InfoTech Oulu, University of Oulu, PO Box 5000, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland and
| | - Qi Xu
- Oulu Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, Laboratory of Developmental Biology, InfoTech Oulu, University of Oulu, PO Box 5000, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland and
| | | | - Jingdong Shan
- Oulu Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, Laboratory of Developmental Biology, InfoTech Oulu, University of Oulu, PO Box 5000, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland and
| | - Seppo J Vainio
- Oulu Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, Laboratory of Developmental Biology, InfoTech Oulu, University of Oulu, PO Box 5000, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland and
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rodríguez-Gascón A, Del Pozo-Rodríguez A, Isla A, Solinís MA. Vaginal gene therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 92:71-83. [PMID: 26189799 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In the last years, vaginal gene therapy has gained increasing attention mainly for the treatment and control of sexually transmitted infections. DNA delivery has been also suggested to improve reproductive outcomes for women with deficiencies in the female reproductive tract. Although no product has reached clinical phase, preclinical investigations reveal the potential of the vaginal tract as an effective administration route for gene delivery. This review focuses on the main advantages and challenges of vaginal gene therapy, and on the most used nucleic acid delivery systems, including viral and non-viral vectors. Additionally, the advances in the application of vaginal gene therapy for the treatment and/or prevention of infectious diseases such as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the human papillomavirus (HPV) or the herpes simplex virus (HSV) are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Rodríguez-Gascón
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de investigación Lascaray ikergunea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad, 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
| | - Ana Del Pozo-Rodríguez
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de investigación Lascaray ikergunea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad, 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Arantxazu Isla
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de investigación Lascaray ikergunea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad, 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - María Angeles Solinís
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de investigación Lascaray ikergunea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad, 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Despite extensive efforts to identify a clinically useful diagnostic biomarker in prostate cancer, no new test has been approved by regulatory authorities. As a result, this unmet need has shifted to biomarkers that additionally indicate presence or absence of "significant" disease. EN2 is a homeodomain-containing transcription factor secreted by prostate cancer into the urine and can be detected by enzyme-linked immunoassay. EN2 may be an ideal biomarker because normal prostate tissue and benign prostatic hypertrophic cells do not secrete EN2. This review discusses the enormous potential of EN2 to address this unmet need and provide the urologist with a simple, inexpensive, and reliable prostate cancer biomarker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie E McGrath
- Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Agnieszka Michael
- Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Morgan
- Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Hardev Pandha
- Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
|
18
|
Ma W, Li Y, Wang M, Li H, Su T, Li Y, Wang S. Associations of Polymorphisms in WNT9B and PBX1 with Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser Syndrome in Chinese Han. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130202. [PMID: 26075712 PMCID: PMC4468103 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome is a rare syndrome that is characterized by congenital aplasia of the uterus and the upper portion (2/3) of the vagina. Previous attempts to identify causal mutations of MRKH syndrome have primarily resulted in negative outcomes. We investigated whether these reported variants are associated with MRKH syndrome (types I and II) in a relatively large sample size of Chinese Han patients, and whether any gene-gene epistatic interactions exist among these variants. METHODS This study included 182 unrelated Chinese women with MRKH syndrome (155 with type I and 27 with type II) and 228 randomized female controls. Seventeen candidate loci in the AMH, PBX1, WNT4, WNT7A, WNT9B, HOXA10, HOXA11, LHXA1 and GALT genes were genotyped using the Sequenom MassARRAY iPLEX platform. Single-marker association, additive effects and multifactor interactions were investigated. RESULTS The gene frequency distributions of MRKH type 1 and type 2 were similar. Rs34072914 in WNT9B was found to be associated with MRKH syndrome (P = 0.024, OR = 2.65, 95%CI = 1.14-6.17). The dominant models of rs34072914 and rs2275558 in WNT9B and PBX1, respectively, were significantly associated with MRKH syndrome risk in the Chinese Han patients. Additive gene-gene interaction analyses indicated a significant synergetic interaction between WNT9B and PBX1 (RERI = 1.397, AP = 0.493, SI = 4.204). Multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) analysis revealed novel dimensional epistatic four-gene effects (AMH, PBX1, WNT7A and WNT9B) in MRKH syndrome. CONCLUSIONS This association study successfully identified two susceptibility SNPs (WNT9B and PBX1) associated with MRKH syndrome risk, both separately and interactively. The discovery of a four-gene epistatic effect (AMH, PBX1, WNT7A and WNT9B) in MRKH syndrome provides novel information for the elucidation of the genetic mechanism underlying the etiology of MRKH syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Ma
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Ya Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Man Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Haixia Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Tiefen Su
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Shixuan Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Nonsense mutation of EMX2 is potential causative for uterus didelphysis: first molecular explanation for isolated incomplete müllerian fusion. Fertil Steril 2015; 103:769-74.e2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
20
|
Khoder WY, Stief CG, Burgmann M, Burges A. Laparoscopic reconstruction of an iatrogenic perforation of the neovagina and urinary bladder by a neovaginal dilator in a patient with Mayer–Rokitansky–Küster–Hauser syndrome. Int Urogynecol J 2015; 26:1083-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00192-014-2609-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
21
|
Mayer–Rokitansky–Küster–Hauser (MRKH) syndrome: A historical perspective. Gene 2015; 555:33-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
22
|
Simpson JL. Genetics of female infertility due to anomalies of the ovary and mullerian ducts. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1154:39-73. [PMID: 24782005 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0659-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Genetic factors are pivotal in reproductive development and subsequent reproductive processes. If disturbed, infertility can occur. In the female, genetic factors affecting the ovary and the uterus are not uncommon causes of infertility. Terminal deletions on the X long arm and X short arm and X chromosomal mosaicism have long been accepted as causes of premature ovarian failure (POF). Responsible genes on the X have not yet elucidated. Attractive candidate genes for POF also exist on autosomes, and in over a dozen genes molecular perturbations are documented in non-syndromic POF. The most common single-gene cause of POF is premutation carriers for FMR1 (fragile X syndrome). As other candidate genes and additional ethnic groups are interrogated, the proportion of POF cases due to single-gene mutation will increase. Among uterine anomalies, incomplete mullerian fusion is most common. Increased recurrence risks for first-degree relatives confirm a role for genetic factors; interrogation of candidate genes is under way.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joe Leigh Simpson
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, AHC2 693, Miami, FL, 33199, USA,
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 7% of girls will have an anatomic abnormality in their reproductive tract, diagnosed before or after puberty. OBJECTIVE It is important for providers to be aware of the obstructive reproductive tract conditions, the way in which various conditions present, and the way in which such conditions should be managed. DESIGN Systematic review of the literature using the GRADE evidence system. RESULTS There is limited data in most areas of obstructive reproductive tract anomalies; however, some retrospective and prospective series with small numbers are still useful to guide clinical practice. CONCLUSIONS Recommendations are based on limited or inconsistent scientific evidence. Recommendations are based primarily on consensus and expert opinion.
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nonobstructive group of anatomic variants involving the reproductive tract includes vaginal agenesis as well as the congenital anomalies of the vagina and uterus, occurring without pain during the pubertal years. OBJECTIVE The objective is to discuss the non-obstructive morphologic variations in anatomy of the uterus and vagina. DESIGN Systematic review using the GRADE system. RESULTS These congenital anomalies are not associated with abnormalities of the external genitalia and therefore may be missed on routine physical examination. When these anomalies do cause symptoms they may be as minor as difficulty with menstrual hygiene or more significant such as primary amenorrhea, dyspareunia, recurrent pregnancy loss, and reproductive complications. CONCLUSIONS Women with non-obstructive reproductive tract anomalies present at various ages due to the asymptomatic nature or late symptom onset of certain conditions. An MRI is the gold standard in evaluation of such conditions to aid in confirming the müllerian variant. Each condition requires careful counseling because obstetric and gynecologic risks and consequences may differ. Treatment is individualized in cases of uterovaginal agenesis with both nonsurgical and surgical options available for neovagina creation. In cases of uterine or vaginal septae, the treatment timing may vary depending on patient history. Finally, in cases of non-obstructive communicating uterine horns, the risk of ectopic pregnancy is high in the remnant horn. Should a pregnancy occur in this small underdeveloped horn, therefore, excision is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Dietrich
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Department of OBGYN, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Debra M Millar
- Department of OBGYN, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Niimi K, Oguchi A, Nishio K, Okano Y, Takahashi E. Congenital malformation of the vaginal orifice, imperforate vagina, in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). J Vet Med Sci 2014; 77:345-8. [PMID: 25391536 PMCID: PMC4383783 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.14-0378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The following is a report on a congenital vaginal malformation, imperforate vagina, in
the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). This anomaly was observed for
the first time in an adult female in our research colony. There was no uterine and vaginal
aplasia or atresia in her grossly normal genital tract. The plasma progesterone
concentration suggested that the ovarian cycle had ceased. However, this may not be
related to a functional anomaly, but rather to suppressed ovulation resulting from
subordination to cagemates considering the various stages of follicular development
observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimie Niimi
- Support Unit for Animal Resources Development, Research Resources Center, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Chen B, Yang C, Sahebally Z, Jin H. Unilateral ovarian and fallopian tube agenesis in an infertile patient with a normal uterus. Exp Ther Med 2014; 8:831-835. [PMID: 25120609 PMCID: PMC4113523 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.1825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital agenesis of the unilateral adnexa is a condition that has rarely been described in the literature. The current study presents the case of a 26-year-old female who was admitted to the Department of Gynecology at the Women’s Hospital of Zhejiang University (Hangzhou, Zhejiang) for primary infertility. The patient was diagnosed with unilateral ovarian and fallopian tubal agenesis, without malformations of the uterus and urinary tract, during diagnostic laparoscopy and hysteroscopy. A literature review was conducted with the aim of determining the possible causes of these anomalies. However, the etiology of the adnexal anomaly remained unclear, although torsion or congenital defects were the most likely explanation. Therefore, the observations of the present study indicate that contralateral tubal pathologies may contribute to sterility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingya Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Chunbo Yang
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Zayd Sahebally
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Hangmei Jin
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ekici AB, Strissel PL, Oppelt PG, Renner SP, Brucker S, Beckmann MW, Strick R. HOXA10 and HOXA13 sequence variations in human female genital malformations including congenital absence of the uterus and vagina. Gene 2013; 518:267-72. [PMID: 23376215 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Congenital genital malformations occurring in the female population are estimated to be 5 per 1000 and associate with infertility, abortion, stillbirth, preterm delivery and other organ abnormalities. Complete aplasia of the uterus, cervix and upper vagina (Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome) has an incidence of 1 per 4000 female live births. The molecular etiology of congenital genital malformations including MRKH is unknown up to date. The homeobox (HOX) genes HOXA10 and HOXA13 are involved in the development of human genitalia. In this investigation, HOXA10 and HOXA13 genes of 20 patients with the MRKH syndrome, 7 non-MRKH patients with genital malformations and 53 control women were sequenced to assess for DNA variations. A total of 14 DNA sequence variations (10 novel and 4 known) within exonic and untranslated regions were detected in HOXA10 and HOXA13 among our cohorts. Four HOXA10 and two HOXA13 DNA sequence variations were found solely in patients with genital malformations. In addition to mutations resulting in synonymous amino acid substitutions, in the HOXA10 gene a missense mutation was identified and predicted by computer analysis as probably damaging to protein function in two non-MRKH patients, one with a bicornate and the other patient with a septated uterus. A novel exonic HOXA10 cytosine deletion was also identified in a non-MRKH patient with a septate uterus and renal malformations resulting in a premature stop codon and loss of the homeodomain helix 3/4. This cytosine deletion and the missense mutation in HOXA10 were analysed by real time PCR and sequencing, respectively, in two additional larger cohorts of 103 patients with MRKH and 109 non-MRKH patients with genital malformations. No other patients were found with the cytosine deletion however one additional patient was identified regarding the missense mutation. Rare DNA sequence variations in the HOXA10 gene could contribute to the misdevelopment of female internal genitalia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arif B Ekici
- Institute for Human Genetics, University-Clinic Erlangen, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Connell M, Owen C, Segars J. Genetic Syndromes and Genes Involved in the Development of the Female Reproductive Tract: A Possible Role for Gene Therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 4. [PMID: 25506511 PMCID: PMC4264624 DOI: 10.4172/2157-7412.1000127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Müllerian and vaginal anomalies are congenital malformations of the female reproductive tract resulting from alterations in the normal developmental pathway of the uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes, and vagina. The most common of the Müllerian anomalies affect the uterus and may adversely impact reproductive outcomes highlighting the importance of gaining understanding of the genetic mechanisms that govern normal and abnormal development of the female reproductive tract. Modern molecular genetics with study of knock out animal models as well as several genetic syndromes featuring abnormalities of the female reproductive tract have identified candidate genes significant to this developmental pathway. Further emphasizing the importance of understanding female reproductive tract development, recent evidence has demonstrated expression of embryologically significant genes in the endometrium of adult mice and humans. This recent work suggests that these genes not only play a role in the proper structural development of the female reproductive tract but also may persist in adults to regulate proper function of the endometrium of the uterus. As endometrial function is critical for successful implantation and pregnancy maintenance, these recent data suggest a target for gene therapy. Future research will be needed to determine if gene therapy may improve reproductive outcomes for patients with demonstrated deficient endometrial expression related to abnormal gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mt Connell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Truman Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Cm Owen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jh Segars
- Program in Reproductive and Adult Endocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Sharief L, Pollard D, Mathias M, Kadir RA. Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome with type 3 von Willebrand's disease: a case report and review of literature. Haemophilia 2012; 19:e57-9. [PMID: 23167253 DOI: 10.1111/hae.12060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
30
|
Müllerian agenesis with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia syndrome. Fertil Steril 2012; 97:948-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.01.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
31
|
LHX1 mutation screening in 96 patients with müllerian duct abnormalities. Fertil Steril 2012; 97:682-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Revised: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
32
|
Abstract
Zusammenfassung
Anomalien der Genitalwege können zu Sterilität und Infertilität führen. In dieser Übersicht werden Störungen der Müller- und Wolff-Strukturen, die für die Entwicklung der weiblichen und männlichen Genitalwege verantwortlich sind, diskutiert.
Collapse
|
33
|
Sandbacka M, Bruce S, Halttunen M, Puhakka M, Lahermo P, Hannula-Jouppi K, Lipsanen-Nyman M, Kere J, Aittomäki K, Laivuori H. Methylation of H19 and its imprinted control region (H19 ICR1) in Müllerian aplasia. Fertil Steril 2011; 95:2703-6. [PMID: 21458801 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2010] [Revised: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Severe hypomethylation of the H19 imprinted control region (ICR1) in two patients with Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) who have genital malformations has encouraged us to study DNA methylation in a cohort of 83 patients with Müllerian aplasia (MA). Site-specific methylation analyses of H19 ICR1 by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in 80 clinically well-diagnosed Finnish MA patients showed no association between hypomethylation and the MA phenotype, but studies of the H19 locus in 38 patients showed aberrant methylation in 3/16 studied sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sandbacka
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Biomedicum Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Inguinal uterus, fallopian tube, and ovary associated with adult Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome. Fertil Steril 2011; 95:1119.e1-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Revised: 09/16/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
35
|
Liatsikos SA, Tsikouras P, Souftas V, Ammari A, Prassopoulos P, Maroulis G, Liberis V. Diagnosis and laparoscopic management of a rudimentary uterine horn in a teenage girl, presenting with haematometra and severe endometriosis: our experience and review of literature. MINIM INVASIV THER 2011; 19:241-7. [PMID: 20367539 DOI: 10.3109/13645701003644491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A unicornuate uterus is a rare congenital malformation of the female genital tract, which appears in about 1/1000 women and is characterized by significant anatomic variability. In the most common type, a noncommunicating rudimentary horn coexists with the unicornuate uterus. The diagnosis of this anomaly is usually delayed, as it remains asymptomatic until adolescence and its initial symptoms are atypical. As a result, it is often diagnosed after the appearance of severe complications, such as haematometra, endometriosis, infertility and ectopic pregnancy. We report a case of a teenage girl presenting with dysmenorrhoea, endometriosis and haematometra secondary to a noncommunicating rudimentary horn. The diagnosis of the anomaly was based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and laparoscopy. The excision of the symptomatic rudimentary horn and the ipsilateral fallopian tube was also performed laparoscopically. A review of the literature follows, focusing mainly on the diagnosis and laparoscopic management of a unicornuate uterus and its complications in adolescence. Laparoscopy is an accurate diagnostic tool, which also carries significant advantages in effective surgical management of congenital uterine anomalies, especially in young women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Spiros A Liatsikos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Democritus University of Thrace, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Takagi H, Matsunami K, Imai A. Uterovaginal duplication with blind hemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis: review of unusual presentation. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2010; 30:350-3. [PMID: 20455715 DOI: 10.3109/01443611003763416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Congenital abnormalities of the Müllerian duct system can result in various urogenital anomalies, including uterus didelphys with blind hemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis (Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich syndrome). It usually presents after the menarche with progressive pelvic pain during periods secondary to haematocolpos. However, rarely presentation is unusual with consequent diagnostic delay. This paper attempts to review the medical literature for rare presentations that make diagnosis and treatment difficult, including our cases. Clinicians must be aware of the importance of this rare congenital anomaly of the female genital tract, especially many years after the menarche. This condition should be considered to prevent misdiagnosis or suboptimal treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Takagi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Matsunami General Hospital, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Bilateral interruption of mid-fallopian tubes and ovarian anomalies including ectopic ovary and cystic teratoma, a previously unreported combination. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2010; 17:534-7. [PMID: 20621016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2010.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2009] [Revised: 03/01/2010] [Accepted: 03/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A 25-year-old infertile woman underwent laparoscopy because of a dermoid cyst of the left ovary and was found to have an ectopic ovary, to which an abnormal right fimbria was connected, with an isolated right ovary in the normal position and the bilateral segmental absence of the middle portion of the fallopian tubes. The complex of these anomalies is rare. A fundamental error might have existed in the mesenchyme of the gonadal ridges of the early embryo, rather than the epithelial origin of the müllerian and wolffian ducts.
Collapse
|
38
|
HOX A10 and HOX A11 mutation scan in congenital malformations of the female genital tract. Reprod Biomed Online 2010; 21:126-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2010.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2009] [Revised: 08/04/2009] [Accepted: 02/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
39
|
Abstract
Hox genes, a highly conserved subgroup of the homeobox superfamily, have crucial roles in development, regulating numerous processes including apoptosis, receptor signalling, differentiation, motility and angiogenesis. Aberrations in Hox gene expression have been reported in abnormal development and malignancy, indicating that altered expression of Hox genes could be important for both oncogenesis and tumour suppression, depending on context. Therefore, Hox gene expression could be important in diagnosis and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nilay Shah
- Nilay Shah and Saraswati Sukumar are at the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Reichman DE, Laufer MR. Congenital uterine anomalies affecting reproduction. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2010; 24:193-208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2009.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2009] [Accepted: 09/25/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
41
|
Bernardini L, Gimelli S, Gervasini C, Carella M, Baban A, Frontino G, Barbano G, Divizia MT, Fedele L, Novelli A, Béna F, Lalatta F, Miozzo M, Dallapiccola B. Recurrent microdeletion at 17q12 as a cause of Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome: two case reports. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2009; 4:25. [PMID: 19889212 PMCID: PMC2777856 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1172-4-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2009] [Accepted: 11/04/2009] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome (MRKH) consists of congenital aplasia of the uterus and the upper part of vagina due to anomalous development of Müllerian ducts, either isolated or associated with other congenital malformations, including renal, skeletal, hearing and heart defects. This disorder has an incidence of approximately 1 in 4500 newborn girls and the aetiology is poorly understood. METHODS AND RESULTS we report on two patients affected by MRKH syndrome in which array-CGH analysis disclosed an identical deletion spanning 1.5 Mb of genomic DNA at chromosome 17q12. One patient was affected by complete absence of uterus and vagina, with bilaterally normal ovaries, while the other displayed agenesis of the upper part of vagina, right unicornuate uterus, non cavitating rudimentary left horn and bilaterally multicystic kidneys. The deletion encompassed two candidate genes, TCF2 and LHX1. Mutational screening of these genes in a selected group of 20 MRKH females without 17q12 deletion was negative. CONCLUSION Deletion 17q12 is a rare albeit recurrent anomaly mediated by segmental duplications, previously reported in subjects with developmental kidney abnormalities and diabetes. The present two patients expand the clinical spectrum associated with this imbalance and suggest that this region is a candidate locus for a subset of MRKH syndrome individuals, with or without renal defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bernardini
- Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, IRCCS, S San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
The development of the Müllerian system and the female reproductive tract is a complex process involving an integrated series of events with significant potential for abnormal development and anomalies. Structural anomalies of the female reproductive tract may be isolated or occur in association with other congenital anomalies, including renal or bladder anomalies and anorectal malformations. Although rare in occurrence, it is important to be familiar with these conditions for appropriate diagnosis, management, and possible referral. The diagnosis, management, and surgical treatments of female reproductive tract anomalies in girls and young women have advanced with improvements in diagnostic imaging techniques, surgical and nonsurgical techniques and innovative instrumentation and developments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lesley L Breech
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, ML 4000, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Sandbacka M, Painter J, Puhakka M, Halttunen M, Laivuori H, Aittomäki K. Does the Y chromosome have a role in Müllerian aplasia? Fertil Steril 2009; 94:120-5. [PMID: 19324347 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2008] [Revised: 02/02/2009] [Accepted: 02/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether Y chromosomal genetic material has a role in the development of Müllerian aplasia in Finland. We have studied the TSPY1 gene and 38 additional male-specific fragments covering areas of both the long and short arms of the Y chromosome in Finnish patients with Müllerian aplasia. DESIGN A retrospective study. SETTING University hospital and genetic laboratory. PATIENT(S) A sample set of 110 Finnish patients with well-diagnosed Müllerian aplasia and 20 healthy relatives (13 mothers, 4 fathers, and 3 sisters from different families) were included in the study. One hundred healthy female controls with a background of at least one normal pregnancy with delivery were used as controls. INTERVENTION(S) Blood samples for DNA extraction. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Detection of Y chromosomal fragments by polymerase chain reaction in female patients with Müllerian aplasia. RESULT(S) None of the female patients showed presence of the earlier reported TSPY1 gene or 38 additional Y chromosomal markers. CONCLUSION(S) Our results indicate that the studied Y-specific fragments, namely TSPY1 and 38 Y chromosomal markers, are not responsible for the syndrome in these Finnish patients with Müllerian aplasia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sandbacka
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Descartes M, Hain JZ, Conklin M, Franklin J, Mikhail FM, Lachman RS, Nolet S, Messiaen LM. Molecular characterization of a patient with an interstitial 1q deletion [del(1)(q24.1q25.3)] and distinctive skeletal abnormalities. Am J Med Genet A 2008; 146A:2937-43. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
45
|
Suh BY, Kalan MJ. Septate uterus with left fallopian tube hypoplasia and ipsilateral ovarian agenesis. J Assist Reprod Genet 2008; 25:567-9. [PMID: 18953647 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-008-9267-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2008] [Accepted: 10/09/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report a combined genital tract anomaly of septate uterus, unilateral fallopian tube hypoplasia, and ipsilateral ovarian agenesis. DESIGN Case report. SETTING Academic tertiary care center. PATIENT A 24-year-old female. INTERVENTION(S) History and physical, pelvic sonogram, hysterosalpingogram, intravenous pyelogram, abdominal and pelvic magnetic resonance imaging, diagnostic laparoscopy, exploratory laparotomy, cuff neosalpingostomy, and uterine septum resection. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Recognition of three independent and rare reproductive tract anomalies in the same patient. RESULT(S) Restoration of anatomy and subsequent fertility. CONCLUSION(S) A careful clinical evaluation with consideration of embryologic origin is essential to the identification and treatment of rare reproductive tract malformations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Y Suh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, USC Medical Center, Women's and Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Shehata H, Gharaibeh A, Bramham K, Lamb G, Makanjuola D. Uterus didelphys in mosaic trisomy 8 patient: Management and fertility issues. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2008; 141:91-2. [PMID: 18845375 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2008.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2007] [Revised: 04/12/2008] [Accepted: 07/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
47
|
Capito C, Echaieb A, Lortat-Jacob S, Thibaud E, Sarnacki S, Nihoul-Fékété C. Pitfalls in the diagnosis and management of obstructive uterovaginal duplication: a series of 32 cases. Pediatrics 2008; 122:e891-7. [PMID: 18824497 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2008-0219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Obstructive uterovaginal duplication is rare and frequently misdiagnosed. The aims of this study were to review all the patients managed for this malformation in our institution, evaluate their long-term outcomes, and discuss the embryologic origin of this malformation. METHODS From 1984 to 2007, we treated 32 patients for obstructive uterovaginal duplication in our institution. We separated them in 2 groups (prepubertal [n = 8] and pubertal [n = 24]) and analyzed their clinical and radiologic presentations and their treatments. Patients >18 years of age (n = 22) were recontacted. RESULTS For the prepubertal group, the median age at diagnosis was 6 months. Postnatal ultrasound showed an absent ipsilateral kidney in 6 case subjects, although 4 patients had a prenatal diagnosis of ipsilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney. This renal anomaly was associated with a pelvic sonolucent mass in 3 case subjects, allowing us to prenatally suspect the diagnosis. All of the patients were cured by vaginal approach. For the pubertal group, the median delay of diagnosis after menarche was 9 months. Among patients managed in an emergency setting (n = 11), there were 9 misdiagnoses with inappropriate abdominal surgeries, including 3 hysterectomies of the obstructed hemiuterus. Concerning long-term results, 5 patients were attempting to have children, with successful pregnancies for 4 of them. One patient suffered from infertility attributable to contralateral isthmic stenosis after a hysterectomy of the obstructed hemiuterus. CONCLUSIONS Obstructive uterovaginal duplication is a benign pathology when properly managed. Therefore, management of abdominal pain in peripubertal girls should include systematic abdominal and gynecologic examinations completed by radiologic pelvic and renal evaluation. Surgical treatment should be performed by vaginal approach to avoid infertility. Concerning the origin of the malformation, the high association of prenatal dysplastic kidneys and postnatal absent kidneys suggests anomalies of both wolffian and müllerian duct development, contrasting with the classic definition of this malformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Capito
- Department of Pediatric, Necker Enfants-Malades, Hospital, Paris V University, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Morcel K, Guerrier D, Watrin T, Pellerin I, Levêque J. [The Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome: clinical description and genetics]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 37:539-46. [PMID: 18723299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgyn.2008.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2008] [Revised: 06/27/2008] [Accepted: 07/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome is characterized by congenital aplasia of the uterus and the upper part (two-third) of the vagina. It may be isolated (type I) or associated with other malformations (type II or MURCS association). These latter involve the upper urinary tract, the skeleton and, to a lesser extent, the otologic sphere or the heart. The incidence of MRKH syndrome has been estimated as 1 in 4500 women. The prime feature is a primary amenorrhea in women presenting otherwise with normal development of secondary sexual characteristics and normal external genitalia. However, the vagina is reduced to a vaginal dimple with variable depth. The ovaries are normal and functional as well as the endocrine status. Karyotype is 46,XX, with no visible chromosome modification. The phenotypic manifestations of MRKH syndrome overlap with various other syndromes or malformations and thus require accurate delineation as well as differential diagnosis. For a long time, the syndrome has been considered as a sporadic anomaly, but increasing familial cases now support the hypothesis of a genetic cause currently under investigation. The syndrome appears to be transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait with incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Morcel
- CNRS UMR 6061 génétique et développement, IFR140 GFAS, faculté de médecine, université de Rennes-1, Rennes, France.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Davis RJ, Harding M, Moayedi Y, Mardon G. Mouse Dach1 and Dach2 are redundantly required for Müllerian duct development. Genesis 2008; 46:205-13. [PMID: 18395837 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.20385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
dachshund/Dach gene family members encode transcriptional cofactors with highly conserved protein interaction domains and are expressed in the developing eyes, brains, and limbs in insects and vertebrates. These observations suggest that the developmental roles of dachshund/Dach in these tissues have been conserved since the divergence of arthropods and chordates. However, while Drosophila dachshund mutants have abnormalities in eye, brain, limbs, mouse Dach1 or Dach2 knockout mutants do not exhibit gross anatomical malformations in these tissues. In addition, Dach1/2 double homozygotes have intact eyes and limbs. Here we show that in Dach1/Dach2 double mutants, female reproductive tract (FRT) development is severely disrupted. This defect is associated with the Müllerian duct (MD) and not the Wolffian duct (WD), which normally differentiate into either the FRT or male reproductive tract (MRT), respectively. Dach1 and Dach2 are expressed in the MD, and in Dach1/2 double mutants, MD expression of Lim1 and Wnt7a is abnormal and MD development is disrupted. In contrast, WD and MRT development are not grossly affected. We propose that Dach1 and Dach2 proteins may redundantly control FRT formation by regulating the expression of target genes required for development of the MD. This vertebrate Dach1/2 function may have been conserved during arthropod evolution, as Drosophila dachshund mutants also exhibit an FRT phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Davis
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Medical Center, Harkness Eye Institute, New York City, New York
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Growdon WB, Laufer MR. Uterine didelphys with duplicated upper vagina and bilateral lower vaginal agenesis: a novel Müllerian anomaly with options for surgical management. Fertil Steril 2008; 89:693-8. [PMID: 17678652 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2006] [Revised: 03/19/2007] [Accepted: 03/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe a novel Müllerian anomaly and management options. DESIGN Case series report. SETTING Metropolitan tertiary care children's hospital. PATIENT(S) Three caucasian girls, aged 12, 13, and 15 years, with a novel congenital anomaly. INTERVENTION(S) Interval staged vaginoplasties. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Functional vagina. RESULT(S) Didelphys Müllerian development with vaginal duplication and agenesis of both lower vaginas with staged vaginoplasties resulting in normal functional vaginas. CONCLUSION(S) Staged pull-through vaginoplasties led to functional outcome in this unusual anomaly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Whitfield B Growdon
- Division of Gynecology, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|