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Vallejo MCS, Moura NMM, Gomes ATPC, Joaquinito ASM, Faustino MAF, Almeida A, Gonçalves I, Serra VV, Neves MGPMS. The Role of Porphyrinoid Photosensitizers for Skin Wound Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4121. [PMID: 33923523 PMCID: PMC8072979 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms, usually bacteria and fungi, grow and spread in skin wounds, causing infections. These infections trigger the immune system and cause inflammation and tissue damage within the skin or wound, slowing down the healing process. The use of photodynamic therapy (PDT) to eradicate microorganisms has been regarded as a promising alternative to anti-infective therapies, such as those based on antibiotics, and more recently, is being considered for skin wound-healing, namely for infected wounds. Among the several molecules exploited as photosensitizers (PS), porphyrinoids exhibit suitable features for achieving those goals efficiently. The capability that these macrocycles display to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) gives a significant contribution to the regenerative process. ROS are responsible for avoiding the development of infections by inactivating microorganisms such as bacteria but also by promoting cell proliferation through the activation of stem cells which regulates inflammatory factors and collagen remodeling. The PS can act solo or combined with several materials, such as polymers, hydrogels, nanotubes, or metal-organic frameworks (MOF), keeping both the microbial photoinactivation and healing/regenerative processes' effectiveness. This review highlights the developments on the combination of PDT approach and skin wound healing using natural and synthetic porphyrinoids, such as porphyrins, chlorins and phthalocyanines, as PS, as well as the prodrug 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), the natural precursor of protoporphyrin-IX (PP-IX).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana C. S. Vallejo
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (M.C.S.V.); (A.S.M.J.)
| | - Nuno M. M. Moura
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (M.C.S.V.); (A.S.M.J.)
| | - Ana T. P. C. Gomes
- CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.T.P.C.G.); (A.A.)
| | - Ana S. M. Joaquinito
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (M.C.S.V.); (A.S.M.J.)
- CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.T.P.C.G.); (A.A.)
| | - Maria Amparo F. Faustino
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (M.C.S.V.); (A.S.M.J.)
| | - Adelaide Almeida
- CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.T.P.C.G.); (A.A.)
| | - Idalina Gonçalves
- CICECO, Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Vanda Vaz Serra
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Maria Graça P. M. S. Neves
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (M.C.S.V.); (A.S.M.J.)
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An Insight into the Role of Non-Porphyrinoid Photosensitizers for Skin Wound Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010234. [PMID: 33379392 PMCID: PMC7795024 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept behind photodynamic therapy (PDT) is being successfully applied in different biomedical contexts such as cancer diseases, inactivation of microorganisms and, more recently, to improve wound healing and tissue regeneration. The effectiveness of PDT in skin treatments is associated with the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by a photosensitizer (PS), which acts as a "double agent". The release of ROS must be high enough to prevent microbial growth and, simultaneously, to accelerate the immune system response by recruiting important regenerative agents to the wound site. The growing interest in this subject is reflected by the increasing number of studies concerning the optimization of relevant experimental parameters for wound healing via PDT, namely, light features, the structure and concentration of the PS, and the wound type and location. Considering the importance of developing PSs with suitable features for this emergent topic concerning skin wound healing, in this review, a special focus on the achievements attained for each PS class, namely, of the non-porphyrinoid type, is given.
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Wang D, Zhang Y, Yan S, Chen Z, Deng Y, Xu P, Chen J, Liu W, Hu P, Huang M, Chen Z. An effective zinc phthalocyanine derivative against multidrug-resistant bacterial infection. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2017. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424617500298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial skin and soft tissue infections are abundant worldwide. The rise in the incidence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections has made the need for alternative means of treatment more pressing. We herein report a zinc phthalocyanine derivative, pentalysine [Formula: see text]-carbonylphthalocyanine zinc (ZnPc-(Lys)[Formula: see text] and its strong capability of killing nosocomial MDR bacteria, including MDR-Escherichia coli and MDR-Acinetobacter baumannii. In vitro studies, we observed that ZnPc-(Lys)5 in micromolar concentrations killed above MDR bacteria in 6~6.5 log10 orders with only 5-min illumination of red light at a dosage of 12.75 J/cm[Formula: see text]. Further in vivo studies on a mouse infection model demonstrated that ZnPc-(Lys)5 efficiently inhibited the MDR bacterial growth after one-time photodynamic antibacterial therapy and, interestingly, significantly accelerated the wound healing. Putting together, our findings establish ZnPc-(Lys)5 as a potent antimicrobial candidate for the clinical test on localized infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Danish-Chinese Center for Proteases and Cancer, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350117, China
| | - Yuxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Danish-Chinese Center for Proteases and Cancer, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Shufeng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Danish-Chinese Center for Proteases and Cancer, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Zihan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Danish-Chinese Center for Proteases and Cancer, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Yicai Deng
- The Second Hospital of Fuzhou, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Peng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Danish-Chinese Center for Proteases and Cancer, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Jincan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Danish-Chinese Center for Proteases and Cancer, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Wenzhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Danish-Chinese Center for Proteases and Cancer, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Ping Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Danish-Chinese Center for Proteases and Cancer, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Mingdong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Danish-Chinese Center for Proteases and Cancer, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Danish-Chinese Center for Proteases and Cancer, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
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Chen Z, Zhang Y, Wang D, Li L, Zhou S, Huang JH, Chen J, Hu P, Huang M. Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy using zinc phthalocyanine derivatives in treatment of bacterial skin infection. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:18001. [PMID: 26747478 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.1.018001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Chen
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, 155 West Yangqiao Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, ChinabGraduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Sh
| | - Yaxin Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, 155 West Yangqiao Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, ChinabGraduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Sh
| | - Dong Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, 155 West Yangqiao Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, ChinabGraduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Sh
| | - Linsen Li
- Shenyang Medical College, 146 North Huanghe Main Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110034, China
| | - Shanyong Zhou
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, 155 West Yangqiao Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Joy H Huang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, 155 West Yangqiao Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Jincan Chen
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, 155 West Yangqiao Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Ping Hu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, 155 West Yangqiao Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Mingdong Huang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, 155 West Yangqiao Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, ChinabGraduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Sh
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Hwang WT, Chung SH, Kim H. Low-level laser therapy for the treatment of superficial thrombophlebitis after chemotherapy in breast cancer patients: a case study. J Phys Ther Sci 2015; 27:3937-8. [PMID: 26834384 PMCID: PMC4713823 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.27.3937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] We report the case of a breast cancer patient with superficial thrombophlebitis treated with low-level laser therapy. [Case] The patient was a 66-year-old women who developed superficial thrombophlebitis in the left upper limb after chemotherapy. She was administered 6 sessions of low-level laser therapy. [Result] Her pain score decreased by 8 points. Her scores on the Patient and Observer scar Assessment Scale decreased by 18 points for the observer portion and by 26 points for the patient portion. [Conclusion] Low-level laser therapy is effective for the reduction of pain and the size of scar tissue in patients with superficial thrombophlebitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woon Taek Hwang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Medicine, Hanyang University Medical Center, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin Ho Chung
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Medicine, Hanyang University Medical Center, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunhee Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, Shinsung University: 1
Daehack-ro, Jeongmi-myeon, Dangjin-si, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
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Percival SL, Suleman L, Francolini I, Donelli G. The effectiveness of photodynamic therapy on planktonic cells and biofilms and its role in wound healing. Future Microbiol 2014; 9:1083-94. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb.14.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is the application of a photoactive dye followed by irradiation that leads to the death of microbial cells in the presence of oxygen. Its use for controlling biofilms has been documented in many areas, particularly oral care. However, the potential use of PDT in the treatment of chronic wound-associated microbial biofilms has sparked much interest in the field of wound care. The aim of this article is to provide an overview on the effectiveness of PDT on in vitro and in vivo biofilms, their potential application in both the prevention and management of wound biofilm infections and their prospective role in the enhancement of wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Percival
- Surface Science Research Centre, University of Liverpool, Liverpool. UK
- Institute of Ageing & Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool. UK
| | - Louise Suleman
- Institute of Ageing & Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool. UK
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Sahu K, Sharma M, Sharma P, Verma Y, Rao KD, Bansal H, Dube A, Gupta PK. Effect of poly-L-lysine-chlorin P6-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic treatment on collagen restoration in bacteria-infected wounds. Photomed Laser Surg 2013; 32:23-9. [PMID: 24359264 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2013.3577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this work was to study the effect of poly-L-lysine-conjugated chlorin P6 (pl-cp6)-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic treatment (APDT) on collagen remodeling of murine excisional wounds infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO). BACKGROUND DATA Bacterial infection of wounds leads to compromised collagen remodelling. APDT-induced inactivation of bacteria and bacterial proteases are expected to restore collagen remodeling in wounds. However, published reports on the effect of PDT on wound healing are somewhat contradictory. One of the reasons for these observations could be the random sampling of wound repair outcomes by invasive technques such as histology. METHODS Post-wounding time-dependent changes in collagen restoration were monitored noninvasively using polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography (PSOCT) and compared with histology and hydroxyproline level. Immunoblotting was performed to study matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) level. RESULTS As indicated by retardance measurements from PSOCT images and immunoblotting, bacteria-infected wounds showed slower collagen restoration and higher MMP-8, 9 expression, than did uninfected wounds. In contrast, in infected wounds treated with pl-cp6 and light, retardance was higher (approximately twofold) compared with wounds treated with pl-cp6 alone. These results were consistent with lower MMP-8, 9 level on day 5, more ordered collagen matrix, and higher hydroxyproline content (approximately threefold) on day 18, observed in photodynamically treated wounds, compared with that of untreated infected wounds. CONCLUSIONS APDT expedites healing in bacteria-infected wounds in mice by attenuating collagen degradation and by enhancing epithelialization, hydroxyproline content, and collagen remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khageswar Sahu
- 1 Laser Biomedical Applications and Instrumentation Division , Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Sahu K, Sharma M, Bansal H, Dube A, Gupta PK. Topical photodynamic treatment with poly-L-lysine-chlorin p6 conjugate improves wound healing by reducing hyperinflammatory response in Pseudomonas aeruginosa-infected wounds of mice. Lasers Med Sci 2012; 28:465-71. [PMID: 22454129 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-012-1083-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report the results of our investigations on the effect of antimicrobial photodynamic treatment (APDT) with poly-lysine-conjugated chlorin p6 (pl-cp6) on proinflammatory cytokine expression and wound healing in a murine excisional wound model infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Treatment of infected wounds with pl-cp6 and light doses of 60 and 120 J/cm(2) reduced the bacterial load by ~1.5 and 2.0 log, respectively, after 24 h. The treated wounds healed ~5 days earlier as compared to untreated control and wound closure was not dependent on light dose. Interestingly, at 96 h post-treatment, drug-treated wounds irradiated at 60 J/cm(2) showed considerable reduction of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 (approximately five times) and TNF-α (approximately four times) compared to untreated control. Further, exposure of culture supernatants to similar light dose and pl-cp6 concentration under in vitro conditions reduced the protease activity by ~50 % as compared to the untreated control, suggesting inactivation of extracellular virulent factors. Additionally, histological analysis of treated infected wounds showed complete reepithelialization, ordered collagen fibers, and considerable decrease in inflammatory cell infiltration compared to untreated wounds. These results imply that pl-cp6-mediated PDT reduces hyperinflammatory response of infected wounds, leading to acceleration of wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khageswar Sahu
- Laser Biomedical Applications and Instrumentation Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore, 452013, India
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Peplow PV, Chung TY, Baxter GD. Photodynamic Modulation of Wound Healing: A Review of Human and Animal Studies. Photomed Laser Surg 2012; 30:118-48. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2011.3142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Philip V. Peplow
- Department of Anatomy & Structural Biology, School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - Tzu-Yun Chung
- Department of Anatomy & Structural Biology, School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - G. David Baxter
- Centre for Physiotherapy Research, School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, New Zealand
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Foslip®-based photodynamic therapy as a means to improve wound healing. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2011; 8:321-7. [PMID: 22122919 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2011.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2010] [Revised: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Collagen matrices as substitution for connective tissue are known to promote wound healing. Photodynamic therapy has been anecdotally associated with improved wound healing and reduced scarring. The present study investigates the impact of collagen based scaffolding material, embedded with a liposomal formulation of meta-tetra (hydroxyphenyl) chlorin (mTHPC, Foslip(®)) and photodynamic therapy on wound healing in mice. METHODS After incision in the neck region, two different types of collagen material, previously incubated with Foslip(®) at different concentrations, were implanted followed by illumination at 652nm (10J/cm(2), 100mW/cm(2)). Mice were imaged daily up to two weeks, whereafter excision was performed and pathological analysis. RESULTS Scab detachment was observed at day seven for controls whereas it occurred as early as three days for PDT at the lowest concentrations. In the latter conditions, final matrix remodelling could be observed as evidenced by elastin neosynthesis. CONCLUSIONS Topical application of low dose Foslip(®) in a collagen matrix followed by illumination considerably accelerates wound healing.
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Sperandio FF, Simões A, Aranha ACC, Corrêa L, Orsini Machado de Sousa SC. Photodynamic therapy mediated by methylene blue dye in wound healing. Photomed Laser Surg 2011; 28:581-7. [PMID: 20961226 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2009.2601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate the wound-healing process after photodynamic therapy (PDT) mediated by methylene blue dye (MB). BACKGROUND DATA Few scientific studies show the PDT roles in wound healing. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred rats were given a circular wound on the back, inflicted with a 6-mm-diameter punch. The animals were divided into four groups: control (no treatment); dye (topical application of MB); laser (InGaAlP, 117.85 J/cm(2), 100 mW, 660 nm, single point); and PDT (topical application of MB followed by laser irradiation). After 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days, the cutaneous wounds were photographed and assessed with histopathologic examination by using light microscope. Changes seen in edema, necrosis, inflammation, granulation tissue, re-epithelialization, and number of young fibroblasts were semiquantitatively evaluated. The wound-area changes were measured with special software and submitted to statistical analysis. RESULTS The laser group demonstrated the smallest wound area at 14 days after the surgical procedure (p < 0.01). Concerning complete re-epithelialization, the laser group showed it at 5-7 days after surgery, whereas the PDT and the other groups showed it at 14 days. CONCLUSIONS Laser interaction with tissue is somehow changed when exposed to the MB. PDT mediated by MB was not prejudicial to wound healing, as no delay occurred compared with the control group.
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Akens MK, Hardisty MR, Wilson BC, Schwock J, Whyne CM, Burch S, Yee AJM. Defining the therapeutic window of vertebral photodynamic therapy in a murine pre-clinical model of breast cancer metastasis using the photosensitizer BPD-MA (Verteporfin). Breast Cancer Res Treat 2009; 119:325-33. [PMID: 19263216 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-009-0356-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2008] [Accepted: 02/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is known to cause metastatic lesions in the bone, which can lead to skeletal-related events. Currently, radiation therapy and surgery are the treatment of choice, but the success rate varies and additional adjuncts are desirable. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been applied successfully as a non-radiative treatment for numerous cancers. Earlier work has shown that the athymic rat model is suitable to investigate the effect of PDT on bone metastasis and benzoporphyrin-derivative monoacid ring A (BPD-MA; verteporfin) has been shown to be a selective photosensitizer. The aim of this study was to define the therapeutic window of photosensitizer with regard to drug and light dose. Human breast carcinoma cells (MT-1)-stable transfected with the luciferase gene-were injected intra-cardiacally into athymic rats. At 14 days, the largest vertebral lesion by bioluminescence imaging was targeted for single treatment PDT. A drug escalating-de-escalating scheme was used (starting drug dose and light energy of 0.2 mg/kg and 50 J, respectively). Outcomes included 48 h post-treatment bioluminescence of remaining viable tumour, histomorphometric assessment of tumour burden, and neurologic evaluation. The region of effect by bioluminescence and histology increased with increasing drug dose and light energy. A safe and effective drug-light dose combination in this model appears to be 0.5 mg/kg BPD-MA and applied light energy of less than 50 J for the thoracic spine and 1.0 mg/kg and 75 J for the lumbar spine. For translation to clinical use, it is an advantage that BPD-MA (verteporfin), a second-generation photosensitizer, is already approved to treat age-related macular degeneration. Overall, PDT represents an exciting potential new minimally-invasive local, safe and effective therapy in the management of patients with spinal metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarete K Akens
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, Room E2-44, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada.
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Hamblin MR, O'Donnell DA, Murthy N, Contag CH, Hasan T. Rapid Control of Wound Infections by Targeted Photodynamic Therapy Monitored by In Vivo Bioluminescence Imaging¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2002)0750051rcowib2.0.co2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Jori G, Fabris C, Soncin M, Ferro S, Coppellotti O, Dei D, Fantetti L, Chiti G, Roncucci G. Photodynamic therapy in the treatment of microbial infections: basic principles and perspective applications. Lasers Surg Med 2007; 38:468-81. [PMID: 16788934 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.20361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 558] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Photodynamic therapy (PDT) appears to be endowed with several favorable features for the treatment of infections originated by microbial pathogens, including a broad spectrum of action, the efficient inactivation of antibiotic-resistant strains, the low mutagenic potential, and the lack of selection of photoresistant microbial cells. Therefore, intensive studies are being pursued in order to define the scope and field of application of this approach. RESULTS Optimal cytocidal activity against a large variety of bacterial, fungal, and protozoan pathogens has been found to be typical of photosensitizers that are positively charged at physiological pH values (e.g., for the presence of quaternarized amino groups or the association with polylysine moieties) and are characterized by a moderate hydrophobicity (n-octanol/water partition coefficient around 10). These photosensitizers in a micromolar concentration can induce a >4-5 log decrease in the microbial population after incubation times as short as 5-10 minutes and irradiation under mild experimental conditions, such as fluence-rates around 50 mW/cm2 and irradiation times shorter than 15 minutes. CONCLUSIONS PDT appears to represent an efficacious alternative modality for the treatment of localized microbial infections through the in situ application of the photosensitizer followed by irradiation of the photosensitizer-loaded infected area. Proposed clinical fields of interest of antimicrobial PDT include the treatment of chronic ulcers, infected burns, acne vulgaris, and a variety of oral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Jori
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58B, 35121 Padova, Italy.
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Silva JCE, Lacava ZGM, Kuckelhaus S, Silva LP, Neto LFM, Sauro EE, Tedesco AC. Evaluation of the use of low level laser and photosensitizer drugs in healing. Lasers Surg Med 2004; 34:451-7. [PMID: 15216540 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.20062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES In the last decade, many different kinds of therapies have emerged as a consequence of advances in the field of applied technology. It is known that low level laser therapy contributes to tissue healing; however, the use of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in healing and the scar formation processes has not been fully explored. The present study analyses the effect of low level laser InGaAIP (685 nm), radiation, either alone or combined with a phthalocyanine-derived photosensitizer (PS) in a gel base delivery (GB) system, on the healing process of cutaneous wounds in rats. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS The rats were divided into six groups: control (untreated) (CG), gel base (GB), photosensitizer (PS), laser (LG), laser+photosensitizer (LPS), and laser+photosensitizer in a GB (LPSG). Standardized circular wounds were made on the dorsum of each rat with a skin punch biopsy instrument. After wounding, treatment was performed once daily and the animals were killed at day 8. Tissue specimens containing the whole wound area were removed and processed for histological analysis using conventional techniques. Serial cross-sections were analyzed to evaluate the organization of the dermis and epidermis as well as collagen deposition. RESULTS The animals of groups LG, PS, LPS, and LPSG presented higher collagen content and enhanced re-epithelialization as compared to CG (control) and GB rats. Connective tissue remodeling was more evident in groups LPS and LPSG. CONCLUSIONS The results clearly indicated a synergetic effect of light+photosensitizer+delivery drug on tissue healing. PDT did not cause any healing inhibition or tissue damage during the healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Cuzzolin E Silva
- IP&D, Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911, Urbanova, 12244-000, São Josédos Campos, SP, Brasil
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Hamblin MR, O'Donnell DA, Murthy N, Contag CH, Hasan T. Rapid control of wound infections by targeted photodynamic therapy monitored by in vivo bioluminescence imaging. Photochem Photobiol 2002; 75:51-7. [PMID: 11837327 DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2002)075<0051:rcowib>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide rise in antibiotic resistance necessitates the development of novel antimicrobial strategies. In this study we report on the first use of a photochemical approach to destroy bacteria infecting a wound in an animal model. Following topical application, a targeted polycationic photosensitizer conjugate between poly-L-lysine and chlorin(e6) penetrated the gram (-) outer bacterial membrane, and subsequent activation with 660 nm laser light rapidly killed Escherichia coli infecting excisional wounds in mice. To facilitate real-time monitoring of infection, we used bacteria that expressed the lux operon from Photorhabdus luminescens; these cells emitted a bioluminescent signal that allowed the infection to be rapidly quantified, using a low-light imaging system. There was a light-dose dependent loss of luminescence in the wound treated with conjugate and light, not seen in untreated wounds. Treated wounds healed as well as control wounds, showing that the photodynamic treatment did not damage the host tissue. Our study points to the possible use of this methodology in the rapid control of wounds and other localized infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Laboratories of Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114-2698, USA.
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Stadler I, Lanzafame RJ, Evans R, Narayan V, Dailey B, Buehner N, Naim JO. 830-nm irradiation increases the wound tensile strength in a diabetic murine model. Lasers Surg Med 2001; 28:220-6. [PMID: 11295756 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.1042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of low-power laser irradiation on wound healing in genetic diabetes. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS Female C57BL/Ksj/db/db mice received 2 dorsal 1 cm full-thickness incisions and laser irradiation (830 nm, 79 mW/cm(2), 5.0 J/cm(2)/wound). Daily low-level laser therapy (LLLT) occurred over 0-4 days, 3-7 days, or nonirradiated. On sacrifice at 11 or 23 days, wounds were excised, and tensile strengths were measured and standardized. RESULTS Nontreated diabetic wound tensile strength was 0.77 +/- 0.22 g/mm(2) and 1.51 +/- 0.13 g/mm(2) at 11 and 23 days. After LLLT, over 0-4 days tensile strength was 1.15 +/- 0.14 g/mm(2) and 2.45 +/- 0.29 g/mm(2) (P = 0.0019). Higher tensile strength at 23 days occurred in the 3- to 7-day group (2.72 +/- 0.56 g/mm(2) LLLT vs. 1.51 +/- 0.13 g/mm(2) nontreated; P < or = 0.01). CONCLUSION Low-power laser irradiation at 830 nm significantly enhances cutaneous wound tensile strength in a murine diabetic model. Further investigation of the mechanism of LLLT in primary wound healing is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Stadler
- The Laser Center, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, New York 14621, USA.
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Mordon S, Capon A, Creusy C, Fleurisse L, Buys B, Faucheux M, Servell P. In vivo experimental evaluation of skin remodeling by using an Er:Glass laser with contact cooling. Lasers Surg Med 2000; 27:1-9. [PMID: 10918287 DOI: 10.1002/1096-9101(2000)27:1<1::aid-lsm1>3.0.co;2-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Selective dermal remodeling consists of inducing collagen tightening, neocollagen synthesis, or both, without damage to the overlying epidermis. This experimental study aimed to evaluate an Er:Glass laser emitting at 1.54 micrometer combined with contact cooling to target the upper dermis while protecting the epidermis. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS Male hairless rats were used for the study. Different fluences (26-30 J/cm(2)) by using single 3-ms pulse irradiation or pulse train irradiation (1.1 J, 3 Hz) and different cooling temperatures (+5 degrees C, 0 degrees C, -5 degrees C) were screened with clinical examination and histologic evaluation at 1, 3, and 7 days after laser irradiation. RESULTS The clinical effects were clearly dose and temperature cooling dependent. It seemed that single pulse irradiation led to epidermal whitening in most cases, whatever the cooling temperature. Conversely, pulse train irradiation showed reproducible epidermal preservation and confinement of the thermal damage into the dermis. New collagen synthesis was confirmed by a marked fibroblastic proliferation, detected in the lower dermis at day 3 and clearly seen in the upper dermis at day 7. CONCLUSION This new laser seems to be a promising new tool for the treatment of skin laxity, solar elastosis, facial rhytides, and mild reduction of wrinkles.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mordon
- Inserm-EA2689-IFR 22, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France.
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