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Golchin-Rad K, Mogheiseh A, Nazifi S, Ahrari Khafi MS, Derakhshandeh N, Abbaszadeh-Hasiri M. Changes in the Serum Prostatic Biomarkers During the Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia with a 5alpha-reductase Inhibitor: Finasteride. Top Companion Anim Med 2020; 38:100405. [PMID: 32115076 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2020.100405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The monitoring of serum prostatic biomarkers during the treatment will help clinicians to know the statement of the response to finasteride in dogs affected by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The present study was aimed to assess changes in the serum canine prostate-specific esterase (CPSE), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and prostate volume evaluation using ultrasonographic examination during the treatment with finasteride in BPH-induced dogs. Twenty dogs were divided into 4 groups (n = 5): BPH + finasteride group, dogs which were induced for BPH and received oral finasteride once daily for 1 month; BPH group, dogs which were induced for BPH and received placebo; finasteride group, normal dogs which received finasteride; and normal group, normal intact dogs which did not receive treatment. Blood sampling and ultrasonography examination were performed on days 0, 14, and 28. The administration of finasteride led to a significant decrease in the concentration of the prostate-specific biomarkers (PSA, CPSE), DHT, testosterone, and the volume of the prostate in BPH + finasteride group compared with the BPH group during 1 month. Interestingly, the PAP concentration did not change in the BPH-induced dogs and in dogs treated with finasteride. It seems that the monitoring of serum PSA and CPSE levels and ultrasonographic examination of the prostate are useful methods for following up the response to finasteride treatment in dogs affected by BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Golchin-Rad
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
| | - Asghar Mogheiseh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Fars, Iran.
| | - Saeed Nazifi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
| | | | - Nooshin Derakhshandeh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
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Sun J, Wang F, Shen Y, Zhi H, Wu H, Liu Y. Palladium-catalyzed direct and regioselective C–H acyloxylation of indolizines. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:10236-43. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01359c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A direct and highly regioselective C1-acyloxylation of indolizines was developed via palladium-catalyzed C–H functionalization. In this reaction, the regioselectivity was achieved in the absence of a directing group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwei Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials and Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou 221116
- P. R. China
| | - Fuyao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials and Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou 221116
- P. R. China
| | - Yongmiao Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaoxing University
- Shaoxing
- P. R. China
| | - Huizhen Zhi
- School of Chemistry and Material Science
- Nanjing Normal University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Hui Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials and Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou 221116
- P. R. China
| | - Yun Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials and Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou 221116
- P. R. China
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Niżański W, Levy X, Ochota M, Pasikowska J. Pharmacological Treatment for Common Prostatic Conditions in Dogs - Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Prostatitis: an Update. Reprod Domest Anim 2014; 49 Suppl 2:8-15. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W Niżański
- Department of Reproduction; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences; Wrocław Poland
| | - X Levy
- CRECS; Isle Jourdain; Gers France
| | - M Ochota
- Department of Reproduction; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences; Wrocław Poland
| | - J Pasikowska
- Department of Reproduction; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences; Wrocław Poland
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Banana Peel Extract Suppressed Prostate Gland Enlargement in Testosterone-Treated Mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 73:1911-4. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.80770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Carbajal D, Arruzazabala MDL, Rosa M, Molina V, Rodríguez E, González V. Effects of D-004, a lipid extract from Cuban royal palm fruit, on inhibiting prostatic hypertrophy induced with testosterone or dihydrotestosterone in a rat model: A randomized, controlled study. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 2014; 65:505-14. [PMID: 24672102 DOI: 10.1016/j.curtheres.2005.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benign prostatic hypertrophy is the nonmalignant, uncontrolled growth of prostatic epithelial cells and stroma that, left untreated, may lead to difficult urination and other complications. A common treatment of BPH is lipid extract from saw palmetto fruit, and lipid extract from Cuban Royal palm (a palm of the same family) fruit is being studied for this use. One study found that the latter, D-004, at 100 to 400 mg/kg daily prevented prostatic hypertrophy (PH) induced with testosterone (T) in a rat model. OBJECTIVES This study comprised 2 experiments in a rat model. The first assessed the effects of different doses of D-004 on T-induced PH; the second investigated the effects of D-004 on PH induced with dihydrotestosterone (DHT). METHODS In experiment 1, rats were distributed in 6 groups of 10 rats each. One group received an SC injection of soy oil and oral treatment with Tween 65/water vehicle (negative control). The other 5 groups received an SC injection of T 3 mg/kg daily and oral treatment with vehicle (positive control) or D-004 at 50, 200, 400, or 800 mg/kg daily suspended in vehicle. In experiment 2, rats were distributed in 3 groups of 10 rats each. A negative control group received treatment as in experiment 1. Positive controls received an SC injection of DHT 1.5 mg/kg and vehicle orally. The third group received an SC injection of DHT and oral treatment with D-004 at 800 mg/kg suspended in vehicle. All treatments were given for 14 days. At sacrifice, prostates were removed and weighed. Mean prostatic weights and prostatic/body weight ratios were calculated. RESULTS In experiment 1, in the groups receiving D-004 at 200, 400, or 800 mg/kg daily, prostatic weight was significantly lower compared with the positive control group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, and P < 0.001, respectively); this effect was not seen in the group receiving 50 mg/kg daily. In the groups receiving D-004 at 400 and 800 mg/kg daily, prostatic/body weight ratio was significantly lower compared with positive controls (both, P < 0.05); this effect was not seen in the groups receiving 50 or 200 mg/kg daily. In experiment 2, prostatic weight and prostatic/body weight ratio in the group receiving D-004 were similar to those of positive controls. Body weight was not affected in any of the groups receiving D-004. CONCLUSIONS This study of rats with T- or DHT-induced PH suggests that D-004 at 200 to 800 mg/kg daily administered orally prevents T-induced PH, and that D-004 at 800 mg/kg daily does not prevent DHT-induced PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Carbajal
- Centre of Natural Products, National Center for Scientific Research, Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Más Rosa
- Centre of Natural Products, National Center for Scientific Research, Havana, Cuba
| | - Vivian Molina
- Centre of Natural Products, National Center for Scientific Research, Havana, Cuba
| | - Eduardo Rodríguez
- Centre of Natural Products, National Center for Scientific Research, Havana, Cuba
| | - Victor González
- Centre of Natural Products, National Center for Scientific Research, Havana, Cuba
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Trapani L, Segatto M, Ascenzi P, Pallottini V. Potential role of nonstatin cholesterol lowering agents. IUBMB Life 2011; 63:964-71. [PMID: 21990243 DOI: 10.1002/iub.522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Although statins, 3β-hydroxy-3β-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) inhibitors, have revolutionized the management of cardiovascular diseases by lowering serum low density lipoproteins, many patients suffer from their side effects. Whether the statin side effects are related to their intrinsic toxicity or to the decrease of HMGR main isoprenoid end products, which are essential compounds for cell viability, is still debated. In addition to HMGR, the key and rate limiting step of cholesterol synthesis, many enzymes are involved in this multi-step pathway whose inhibition could be taken into account for a "nonstatin approach" in the management of hypercholesterolemia. In particular, due to their unique position downstream from HMGR, the inhibition of squalene synthase, farnesyl diphosphate farnesyltransferase (FDFT1), squalene epoxidase (SQLE), and oxidosqualene cyclase:lanosterol synthase (OSC) should decrease plasma levels of cholesterol without affecting ubiquinone, dolichol, and isoprenoid metabolism. Thus, although FDFT1, SQLE and OSC are little studied, they should be considered as perspective targets for the development of novel drugs against hypercholesterolemia. Here, structure-function relationships of FDFT1, SQLE, and OSC are reviewed highlighting the advantages that the downstream inhibition of HMGR could provide when compared to the statin-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Trapani
- Department of Biology, University Roma Tre, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, Roma, Italy
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Seregin IV, Schammel AW, Gevorgyan V. Multisubstituted N-fused heterocycles via transition metal-catalyzed cycloisomerization protocols. Tetrahedron 2008; 64:6876-6883. [PMID: 19606205 PMCID: PMC2598400 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Two complementary protocols for assembly of multisubstituted N-fused heterocycles have been developed. It was demonstrated that 1,3-disubstituted N-fused heterocycles, including indolizines, pyrroloquinoxalines, and pyrrolothiazoles can easily be synthesized via an exceptionally mild and efficient method involving a novel silver-catalyzed cycloizomerization of propargyl-containing heterocycles. Alternatively, 1,2-disubstituted heterocycles can be accessed through the novel cascade transformation involving an alkyne-vinylidene isomerization with concomitant 1,2-shift of hydrogen, silyl, stannyl, or germyl groups. This mild and simple method allows for selective and highly efficient synthesis of indolizines, pyrroloisoquinolines, pyrroloquinoxalines, pyrrolopyrazines, and pyrrolothiazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya V. Seregin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor St., Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061
| | - Alex W. Schammel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor St., Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061
| | - Vladimir Gevorgyan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor St., Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061
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Abstract
A complete breeding soundness evaluation is essential for assessment of the infertile male dog. Cryptorchidism, a sex-limited autosomal recessive trait, is more common as a unilateral condition. Azoospermia is an ejaculate consisting of seminal plasma but lacking sperm; repeated semen collections in the presence of an estrual bitch will rule out inadequate experience and lack of sexual stimulation. Both carnitine and alkaline phosphatase (AP) are produced in the epididymis; seminal plasma AP concentrations>5000 U/L indicate a normal ejaculate, whereas <5000 U/L is associated with incomplete ejaculation. Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH), the most common age-related condition in intact male dogs, is characterized by a sanguineous urethral discharge, hematuria, or hemospermia; diagnosis is based on prostatic enlargement and confirmed by a transabdominal biopsy. Although castration is recommended, valuable breeding dogs can be given finasteride. Prostatitis is more common in older dogs with BPH. Culture of the third fraction of the ejaculate or urine obtained by cystocentesis is indicated. Bacterial prostatitis is treated with antibiotics with high lipid solubility. Some dogs with bacterial prostatitis may develop prostatic abscesses (a medical and surgical emergency). Prostatic cysts are often asymptomatic. Approximately, 5-7% of dogs with prostatic disease have prostatic neoplasia, most commonly adenocarcinoma (it occurs in both intact and castrated dogs), which often metastasizes and has a very poor prognosis. Although a specific diagnosis can be made in many cases of male dog infertility, not all causes are amenable to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Memon
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, PO Box 647060, Pullman, WA 99164-7060, USA.
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Smith HJ, Nicholls PJ, Simons C, Lain RL. Inhibitors of steroidogenesis as agents for the treatment of hormone-dependent cancers. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2005. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.11.5.789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- J D McConnell
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Urology, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
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Sawada K, Okada S, Kuroda A, Watanabe S, Sawada Y, Tanaka H. 4-(Benzoylindolizinyl)butyric acids; novel nonsteroidal inhibitors of steroid 5alpha-reductase. III. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2001; 49:799-813. [PMID: 11456083 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.49.799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of indolizinebutyric acids with various benzoyl substituents was synthesized to develop nonsteroidal inhibitors of steroid 5alpha-reductase, and the structure-activity relationships in this series were studied. We previously reported the structure-activity relationships in a series of indolebutyric acids as well as the discovery of the novel nonsteroidal 5alpha-reductase inhibitor, FK143. We have now made other modifications to this compound to improve in vivo inhibitory activity. By altering the heterocyclic nucleus and changing the benzoyl substituent we have succeeded in identifying the strongly active compound, FK687, (S)-4-[1-[4-[[1-(4-isobutylphenyl)butyl]oxy]benzoyl]indolizin-3-yl]butyric acid, which displays strong in vitro inhibitory activity against the human enzyme and in vivo inhibitory activity against the castrated young rat model. This compound should be a useful agent for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sawada
- Exploratory Research Laboratories, Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokodai, Tsukuba, Japan.
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12
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Sirinarumitr K, Johnston SD, Kustritz MV, Johnston GR, Sarkar DK, Memon MA. Effects of finasteride on size of the prostate gland and semen quality in dogs with benign prostatic hypertrophy. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2001; 218:1275-80. [PMID: 11330612 DOI: 10.2460/javma.2001.218.1275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of the 5alpha-reductase inhibitor finasteride on prostatic diameter and volume, semen quality, and serum dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and testosterone concentrations in dogs with spontaneous benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH). DESIGN Double-blind placebo-controlled trial. ANIMALS 9 dogs with BPH. PROCEDURE Five dogs were treated with finasteride for 16 weeks (0.1 to 0.5 mg/kg [0.05 to 0.23 mg/lb] of body weight, PO, q 24 h); the other 4 received a placebo. Prostatic diameter, measured radiographically, prostatic volume, measured ultrasonographically, semen quality, and serum DHT and testosterone concentrations were evaluated before and during treatment. After receiving the placebo for 16 weeks, the 4 control dogs were treated with finasteride for 16 weeks, and evaluations were repeated. RESULTS Finasteride significantly decreased prostatic diameter (mean percentage decrease, 20%), prostatic volume (mean percentage decrease, 43%), and serum DHT concentration (mean percentage decrease, 58%). Finasteride decreased semen volume but did not adversely effect semen quality or serum testosterone concentration. No adverse effects were reported by owners of dogs in the study. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggest that finasteride can be used to reduce prostatic size in dogs with BPH without adversely affecting semen quality or serum testosterone concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sirinarumitr
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman 99164, USA
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Dadras SS, Cai X, Abasolo I, Wang Z. Inhibition of 5alpha-reductase in rat prostate reveals differential regulation of androgen-response gene expression by testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. Gene Expr 2001; 9:183-94. [PMID: 11444528 PMCID: PMC5964941 DOI: 10.3727/000000001783992551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2001] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The growth and development of some of the male sex accessory organs such as the prostate requires the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) by 5alpha-reductase. To provide insights into the role of testosterone versus DHT in the prostate, we studied the impact of finasteride, a potent and specific inhibitor of 5alpha-reductase, on the expression of prostatic androgen-response genes in testis-intact rats and in 7-day castrated rats. Finasteride inhibition of the conversion of testosterone to DHT was confirmed by measuring serum and intraprostatic androgens. As expected, finasteride treatment caused a reduction in the wet weight of the prostate in the testis-intact rats and inhibited the testosterone-stimulated prostatic regrowth in the 7-day castrated rats. Although finasteride treatment had little or no effect on the expression of the surveyed androgen-response genes in testis-intact rats, its administration enhanced the expression of many androgen-response genes during the testosterone-stimulated regrowth of the regressed prostate in castrated rats. These observations suggest that testosterone is more potent than DHT in stimulating the expression of many androgen-response genes in the regressed prostate. The expression of androgen-response genes is mainly prostate specific and thus is likely to be associated with androgen-dependent prostatic differentiation. Therefore, testosterone is more potent than DHT in inducing differentiation and weaker in stimulating proliferation during prostate regrowth. The fact that testosterone is a strong inducer of prostatic differentiation has potential clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil S. Dadras
- *Department of Urology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL 60611
- †Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP), Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL 60611
- ‡Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Xiaoyan Cai
- *Department of Urology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Ibane Abasolo
- *Department of Urology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Zhou Wang
- *Department of Urology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL 60611
- §Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL 60611
- ¶Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL 60611
- Address correspondence to Zhou Wang, Department of Urology, Tarry 11-715, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL 60611. Tel: (312) 908-2264; Fax: (312) 908-7275; E-mail:
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Jarman M, Smith HJ, Nicholls PJ, Simons C. Inhibitors of enzymes of androgen biosynthesis: cytochrome P450(17) alpha and 5 alpha-steroid reductase. Nat Prod Rep 1998; 15:495-512. [PMID: 9807812 DOI: 10.1039/a815495y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Jarman
- Cancer Research Campaign Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey, UK
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