Huang RH, Chai J, Tarnawski AS. Identification of specific genes and pathways involved in NSAIDs-induced apoptosis of human colon cancer cells.
World J Gastroenterol 2006;
12:6446-52. [PMID:
17072976 PMCID:
PMC4100633 DOI:
10.3748/wjg.v12.i40.6446]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM
To study whether indomethacin (IND), a nonselective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor or NS-398 (NS), a COX-2-selective inhibitor, induces apoptosis in human colon cancer cells and which apoptosis-related genes and pathways are involved.
METHODS
Human colon cancer Caco-2 cells were treated with either: placebo, IND (0.05-0.5 mmol/L) or NS (0.01-0.2 mmol/L) for 1, 5 and 18 h. We then studied: (1) Cell death by the TUNEL method, (2) mRNA expression of 96 apoptosis-related genes using DNA microarray, (3) expression of selected apoptosis related proteins by Western blotting.
RESULTS
Both IND and NS induced apoptosis in 30%-50% of Caco-2 cells in a dose dependent manner. IND (0.1 mmol/L for 1 h) significantly up-regulated pro-apoptotic genes in four families: (1) TNF receptor and ligand, (2) Caspase, (3) Bcl-2 and (4) Caspase recruiting domain. NS treatment up-regulated similar pro-apoptotic genes as IND. In addition, IND also down-regulated anti-apoptotic genes of the IAP family.
CONCLUSION
(1) Both non-selective and COX-2-selective NSAIDs induce apoptosis in colon cancer cells in a dose dependent manner. (2) Both NSAIDs induce apoptosis by activating two main apoptotic pathways: the death receptor pathway (involving TNF-R) and the mitochondrial pathway. (3) IND induces apoptosis by up-regulating pro-apoptotic genes and down-regulating anti-apoptotic genes, while NS only up-regulates pro-apoptotic genes. (4) Induction of apoptosis in colon cancer cells by NSAIDs may explain in part, their inhibitory action on colon cancer growth.
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