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Luo X, Liu W, Hu L, Cong X, Liu X, Niu H, Zhou F, Li G, Wen L, Guo Y. Prenatal diagnosis, pregnancy determination and follow up of sex chromosome aneuploidy screened by non-invasive prenatal testing from 122 453 unselected singleton pregnancies: A retrospective analysis of 7-year experience. Congenit Anom (Kyoto) 2024; 64:99-106. [PMID: 38454888 DOI: 10.1111/cga.12558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The phenotype of SCA patients are diversities, make prenatal counseling and parental decision-making following the prenatal diagnosis of SCA more complicated and challenging. NIPT has higher sensitivity and specificity in screening trisomy 21 syndrome, but the effectiveness of NIPT in detecting SCA is still controversial. This study is a large-scale retrospective cohort of positive SCA screened from unselected singleton pregnancies by non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) from a single prenatal center of a tertiary hospital. Clinical information, indications, diagnostic results, ultrasound findings, pregnancy determinations, and follow-up were reviewed and analyzed. 596 cases of SCA positive were screened out of 122 453, giving a positive detection rate of 0.49%. 510 cases (85.6%) conducted with amniocentesis to detect fetal chromosome, of which 236 were confirmed as true positive of SCA with PPV of 46.3% (236/510). Of the 236 cases confirmed as true positive SCA, 114 cases (48.3%)chose to terminate the pregnancy (93.0%, 65.3%, 15.4% and 10.9% for 45,X, 47,XXY, 47,XXX and 47,XYY, respectively), 122 cases (51.7%) elected to continue the pregnancy. In conclusions, NIPT as a first-tier routine method for screening autosomal aneuploidies, also could play an important role in screening SCA. Low-risk pregnant women are the main indication for the detection of SCA as NIPT test provides to non-selective population. For 47,XXX and 47,XYY with mild phenotype, couples would like to continue the pregnancy. But for 45,X and 47,XXY, parents apt to terminate pregnancy no matter ultrasound abnormalities were found or not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojin Luo
- The Genetics Laboratory, Longgang District Maternity &Child Heathcare Hospital of Shenzhen City (Longgang Maternity and Child Institute of Shantou University Medical College), Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Weiqiang Liu
- The Genetics Laboratory, Longgang District Maternity &Child Heathcare Hospital of Shenzhen City (Longgang Maternity and Child Institute of Shantou University Medical College), Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Liang Hu
- The Genetics Laboratory, Longgang District Maternity &Child Heathcare Hospital of Shenzhen City (Longgang Maternity and Child Institute of Shantou University Medical College), Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaoyi Cong
- The Genetics Laboratory, Longgang District Maternity &Child Heathcare Hospital of Shenzhen City (Longgang Maternity and Child Institute of Shantou University Medical College), Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaoyi Liu
- The Genetics Laboratory, Longgang District Maternity &Child Heathcare Hospital of Shenzhen City (Longgang Maternity and Child Institute of Shantou University Medical College), Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hongyan Niu
- The Genetics Laboratory, Longgang District Maternity &Child Heathcare Hospital of Shenzhen City (Longgang Maternity and Child Institute of Shantou University Medical College), Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fei Zhou
- The Genetics Laboratory, Longgang District Maternity &Child Heathcare Hospital of Shenzhen City (Longgang Maternity and Child Institute of Shantou University Medical College), Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Gaochi Li
- The Genetics Laboratory, Longgang District Maternity &Child Heathcare Hospital of Shenzhen City (Longgang Maternity and Child Institute of Shantou University Medical College), Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lijuan Wen
- The Genetics Laboratory, Longgang District Maternity &Child Heathcare Hospital of Shenzhen City (Longgang Maternity and Child Institute of Shantou University Medical College), Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yanyun Guo
- Department of Community Center, Longgang District People's Hospital (The Second Affiliated Hospital of The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
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Andersen ALR, Urhoj SK, Tan J, Cavero-Carbonell C, Gatt M, Gissler M, Klungsoyr K, Khoshnood B, Morris J, Neville AJ, Pierini A, Scanlon I, de Walle HEK, Wellesley D, Garne E, Loane M. The burden of disease for children born alive with Turner syndrome-A European cohort study. Birth Defects Res 2023; 115:1459-1468. [PMID: 37493268 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Turner syndrome is a rare congenital anomaly caused by complete or partial X chromosome monosomy that may affect mortality and morbidity in childhood. METHODS This population-based data-linkage cohort study, as part of the EUROlinkCAT project, investigated mortality and morbidity for the first 5 years of life for liveborn European children diagnosed with Turner syndrome. Thirteen population-based registries in 10 countries from the European surveillance of congenital anomalies (EUROCAT) network participated. Data on children born 1995-2014 and diagnosed with Turner syndrome were linked to mortality, hospital and prescription records. Children with any congenital anomaly and children without a congenital anomaly were included for comparison on morbidity. RESULTS Out of a population of 5.8 million livebirths 404 were diagnosed with Turner syndrome prenatally or in infancy and 95.5% survived to their fifth birthday. During the first year of life 72.3% (95% CI 59.5;81.6) of children with Turner syndrome were hospitalized, the median length of stay was 5.6 days (95% CI 3.5;7.7) and 18.7% (95% CI 13.9;23.9) underwent surgery. After the first year of life hospitalizations and length of stay decreased but more children underwent surgery (30.8% [95% CI 17.6;44.7]). In the first 5 years the percentage of children with Turner syndrome having a prescription for antibiotics was 12%-20% per year and increased with the age of child. CONCLUSIONS In the first year of life, the burden of disease was relatively high for children with Turner syndrome. The outlook is more positive beyond the first year, though overall morbidity still exceeded that of children without congenital anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Louise Rud Andersen
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Lillebaelt Hospital University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Kolding, Denmark
| | - Stine Kjaer Urhoj
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Lillebaelt Hospital University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Kolding, Denmark
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joachim Tan
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Clara Cavero-Carbonell
- Rare Diseases Research Unit, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (UVEG-FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Miriam Gatt
- Malta Congenital Anomalies Register, Directorate for Health Information and Research, Tal-Pietà, Malta
| | - Mika Gissler
- Department of Knowledge Brokers, THL Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Region Stockholm, Academic Primary Health Care Centre, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kari Klungsoyr
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Babak Khoshnood
- INSERM-INRA, Université de Paris, Center of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), Paris, France
| | - Joan Morris
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Amanda J Neville
- Emilia Romagna Registry of Birth Defects and Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University of Ferrara and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Anna Pierini
- Unit of Epidemiology of Rare Diseases and Congenital Anomalies, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Hermien E K de Walle
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Diana Wellesley
- Clinical Genetics, University of Southampton and Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Ester Garne
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Lillebaelt Hospital University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Kolding, Denmark
| | - Maria Loane
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Ulster University, Northern Ireland, UK
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Guo N, Cai M, Lin M, Xue H, Huang H, Xu L. Positive predictive value of noninvasive prenatal testing for sex chromosome abnormalities. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:9251-9256. [PMID: 35960415 PMCID: PMC9515017 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07754-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early and intermediate serological screening cannot detect sex chromosome abnormalities. Currently, noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) is the only procedure available for screening such disorders; however, its use is controversial. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 47,855 pregnant women underwent NIPT at our referral center from January 2014 to December 2020. Of the 314 patients with a positive NIPT indicating sex chromosome abnormalities, 260 were screened via karyotype analysis and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array after amniotic fluid extraction; 96 cases were confirmed. Karyotype analysis and SNP array were consistent in the diagnosis of 88 out of the 96 fetuses. The positive predictive value (PPV) for sex chromosome abnormalities was found to be 36.9%. The PPV in patients aged 30-34 years was significantly higher than that in patients aged < 30 years. No statistically significant difference was observed on the PPV among patients with or without previous adverse pregnancy outcomes. Moreover, 83 women carrying fetuses were diagnosed with a sex chromosome abnormality terminated their pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS Improvements in detection and analytical technologies are needed to increase the accuracy of sex chromosome abnormalities detection. Pregnant women with a positive NIPT for these abnormalities may require invasive diagnostic procedures such as karyotype analysis and SNP array for better genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Guo
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, China
| | - Meiying Cai
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, China
| | - Min Lin
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huili Xue
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hailong Huang
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liangpu Xu
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, China.
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Meoded Danon L. Temporal sociomedical approaches to intersex* bodies. HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF THE LIFE SCIENCES 2022; 44:28. [PMID: 35674937 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-022-00511-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The history of the field of intersex bodies/bodies with variations of sex development (VSD) reflects the ongoing tension between sociomedical attempts to control uncertainty and reduce the duration of corporeal uncertainty by means of early diagnosis and treatment, and the embodied subjects who resist or challenge these attempts, which ultimately increase uncertainty. Based on various qualitative studies in the field of intersex, this article describes three temporal sociomedical approaches that have evolved over the last decade and aims to address the uncertainty surrounding intersex/VSD bodies. These approaches are (1) the corrective-concealing approach, which includes early surgeries and hormone therapies intended to "correct" intersex conditions and the deliberate concealment of the ambiguity and uncertainty associated with intersex conditions; (2) the preventive approach, which involves early genetic diagnostic methods aimed at regulating or preventing the recurrence of hereditary conditions under the umbrella of VSD; and (3) the wait-and-see approach, which perceives intersex bodies as natural variations and encourages parents to take time, wait, and give their children the right to bodily autonomy. A comparison of these approaches from biopolitical, phenomenological, and pragmatic perspectives reveals that time is an essential social agent in addressing and controlling uncertainty, a gatekeeper of social norms and social and physical orders, and, on the other hand, a sociopolitical agent that enables creative social change.
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Park SJ, Min JY, Kang JS, Yang BG, Hwang SY, Han SH. Chromosomal abnormalities of 19,000 couples with recurrent spontaneous abortions: a multicenter study. Fertil Steril 2022; 117:1015-1025. [PMID: 35216835 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2022.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the demographic data and karyotypes of 19,000 couples who experienced recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA). DESIGN A cross-sectional study of 19,000 couples. SETTING Five hospitals. PATIENT(S) A total of 19,000 couples experiencing RSA. INTERVENTION(S) Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Cytogenetic analysis of blood lymphocytes. RESULT(S) A total of 844 couples (4.44%) showed chromosomal aberrations in either partner. Females were more likely to have chromosomal aberrations. The mean age of females and males with chromosomal aberrations was younger than that of females and males without chromosomal aberrations. Interestingly, sex and age distribution varied significantly depending on the subtypes of chromosomal aberrations. We detected 324 balanced translocations, including 223 novel ones. They were distributed across all chromosomes; the frequency of balanced translocations decreased according to the numerical order of autosomes (strong negative correlation; r = -0.84). Individuals with balanced translocations were younger than other groups. All 58 inversions, including 25 novel ones, were detected in autosomes; the negative correlation also existed. Thirteen Robertsonian translocations, 5 deletions, and 3 duplications were detected. Six types of Turner variants, triple X mosaicism, and mosaic Down syndrome were detected in females; Klinefelter variants and mosaic XYY syndrome were detected in males. Marker chromosomes at various mosaic levels and 7 different complex chromosomal rearrangements were also observed. CONCLUSION(S) Patients who experienced RSA induced by chromosomal aberrations experienced miscarriages at a younger age. Significant correlations existed between the patients' age or sex and the subtypes of chromosomal aberrations. This study detected several chromosomal abnormalities associated with RSA, including various novel aberrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo-Jin Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-You Min
- Division of Biotechnology, Invites BioCore Co. Ltd., Yongin, Republic of Korea; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeom-Soon Kang
- Division of Biotechnology, Invites BioCore Co. Ltd., Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Guk Yang
- Division of Biotechnology, Invites BioCore Co. Ltd., Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yong Hwang
- Division of Biotechnology, Invites BioCore Co. Ltd., Yongin, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular and Life Science, Hanyang University, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Han
- Division of Biotechnology, Invites BioCore Co. Ltd., Yongin, Republic of Korea.
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Deng C, Cheung SW, Liu H. Noninvasive prenatal screening for fetal sex chromosome aneuploidies. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2021; 21:405-415. [PMID: 33787433 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2021.1911651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sex chromosome aneuploidies (SCAs) are among the most common chromosome abnormalities observed in humans. Manifestations include low fertility, infertility, delayed language development, and dysfunction in motor development. Noninvasive prenatal screening (NIPS) based on cell-free fetal DNA from the peripheral blood of pregnant women is increasingly used for the screening of fetal chromosome abnormalities, including screening for fetal gender and fetal sex chromosome aneuploidy. A systematic review of the literature about NIPS for SCAs is needed. AREAS COVERED This review evaluated a vast array of published studies focusing on the clinical significance, detection methods, performance of NIPS for SCAs, and the management of positive SCA results following screening with the aim of facilitating a comprehensive and systematic understanding of NIPS for SCAs. EXPERT COMMENTARY Looking forward, NIPS is expected to become the primary screening test for common aneuploidies as well as other chromosome abnormalities, including some micro-deletions and micro-duplications, with the potential to transition from a screening test to a prenatal diagnosis method. Ultimately, the goal is to provide a safe and accurate method for increasing early diagnosis to improve long-term outcomes for the SCA patients and families by well- informed health care providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cechuan Deng
- Medical Genetics Department/Prenatal Diagnostic Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sau Wai Cheung
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hongqian Liu
- Medical Genetics Department/Prenatal Diagnostic Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Riggan KA, Gross B, Close S, Weinberg A, Allyse MA. Prenatal Genetic Diagnosis of a Sex Chromosome Aneuploidy: Parent Experiences. J Genet Couns 2021; 30:1407-1417. [PMID: 33723878 DOI: 10.1002/jgc4.1407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sex chromosome aneuploidies (SCAs) occur in 1 in every 400 births. SCAs are highly variable and have uncertain prognoses, complicating the delivery of prenatal cell-free DNA (cfDNA) results or diagnosis following amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling. Using a mixed-methods approach, we explored the experiences of parents receiving a prenatal diagnosis of a fetus with SCA. Responses to open-ended questions were qualitatively analyzed. Of the 323 parents who completed the survey, 122 received a prenatal diagnosis and answered at least one open-ended question. Most parents did not recall being informed that cfDNA screening or amniocentesis could reveal the presence of a SCA prior to testing and described feeling unprepared for a positive result. Variation was found between parents who were delivered a diagnosis by a genetic professional versus other clinical specialties. Many parents expressed that the diagnosis was delivered in a way that emphasized the negative attributes of the SCA and that they were provided limited support materials. Parents who received a prenatal diagnosis of a SCA expressed a desire for more supportive delivery of prenatal diagnosis that focuses on parental education and nuanced discussion of potential phenotypes. Genetic counselors should be aware of the range of parental experiences when receiving a SCA diagnosis from non-genetic providers. Prenatal SCA diagnoses are predicted to increase as prenatal cfDNA screening becomes more widely used. Collaborations for greater provider education and comprehensive materials on SCAs are essential to facilitate the delivery of SCA diagnoses and improve parent understanding and support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten A Riggan
- Biomedical Ethics Research Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Brianna Gross
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sharron Close
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Megan A Allyse
- Biomedical Ethics Research Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Wu X, Li Y, Xie X, Su L, Cai M, Lin N, Du S, Xu L, Huang H. Clinical Review of Noninvasive Prenatal Testing: Experience from 551 Pregnancies with Noninvasive Prenatal Testing-Positive Results in a Tertiary Referral Center. J Mol Diagn 2020; 22:1469-1475. [PMID: 33069877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2020.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A total of 551 pregnancies with positive results for noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) using traditional karyotyping and chromosomal microarray analysis were analyzed. Confirmatory results, positive predictive values, etiology exploration of false-positive results, and pregnancy outcomes were recorded. The study demonstrated that NIPT performed better in predicting trisomy 21 and trisomy 18 for pregnancies with advanced maternal age than for pregnancies with young maternal age; as for trisomy 13 and sex chromosomal aneuploidy (SCA) prediction, there was no significant difference between the two groups. The positive predictive values for trisomy 21, trisomy 18, trisomy 13, and SCA showed no significant upward trend when compared based on specific age categories (an interval of 5 years), which suggested that NIPT-positive result deserves equal attention from both providers and patients regardless of maternal age. In addition, the termination rates of 45,X, 47,XXY, 47,XXX, and 47,XYY were 100% (2/2), 92.9% (26/28), 33.3% (5/15), and 9.5% (2/21), respectively, which demonstrated that the decision-making regarding pregnancies varied greatly according to the types of SCAs, and further reinforce the importance of confirmatory prenatal diagnosis. The current study also supported the viewpoint that confined placental mosaicism and maternal mosaicism were the important etiology of false-positive results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Prenatal Diagnosis Center of Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou City, China
| | - Ying Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Prenatal Diagnosis Center of Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou City, China
| | - Xiaorui Xie
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Prenatal Diagnosis Center of Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou City, China
| | - Linjuan Su
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Prenatal Diagnosis Center of Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou City, China
| | - Meiying Cai
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Prenatal Diagnosis Center of Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou City, China
| | - Na Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Prenatal Diagnosis Center of Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou City, China
| | - Shengrong Du
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Prenatal Diagnosis Center of Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou City, China
| | - Liangpu Xu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Prenatal Diagnosis Center of Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou City, China.
| | - Hailong Huang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Prenatal Diagnosis Center of Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou City, China.
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Hermann M, Khoshnood B, Anselem O, Bouvattier C, Coussement A, Brisset S, Benachi A, Tsatsaris V. Lack of consensus in the choice of termination of pregnancy for Turner syndrome in France. BMC Health Serv Res 2019; 19:994. [PMID: 31870363 PMCID: PMC6929477 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-019-4833-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The observed rate of termination of pregnancy (TOP) for Turner syndrome varies worldwide and even within countries. In this vignette study we quantified agreement among ten multidisciplinary prenatal diagnosis centers in Paris. METHODS We submitted online three cases of Turner syndrome (increased nuchal translucency, normal ultrasound, aortic coarctation) to fetal medicine experts: one obstetrician, one pediatrician and one geneticist in each of the ten Parisian centers. Each case was presented in the form of a progressive clinical history with conditional links dependent upon responses. The background to each case was provided, along with the medical history of the parents and the counseling they got from medical staff. The experts indicated online whether or not they would accept the parents' request for TOP. We assessed the percentage of agreement for acceptance or refusal of TOP. We also used a multilevel logistic regression model to evaluate differences among obstetrician-gynecologists, pediatricians and cytogeneticists. RESULTS Overall agreement among the experts to accept or refuse TOP was, respectively, 25 and 28%. The percentage of disagreement was 47%. The percentage of agreement to accept TOP was 33, 8 and 33% for obstetrician-gynecologists, pediatricians and cytogeneticists, respectively. The respective percentages of agreement to refuse TOP were 19, 47 and 26%. CONCLUSION Our results show the lack of consensus with regard to decisions related to termination of pregnancy for Turner Syndrome. This lack of consensus in turn underscores the importance of multidisciplinary management of these pregnancies in specialized fetal medicine centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Hermann
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique et Médecine de la Reproduction, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Clamart, France. .,Université Paris Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
| | - Babak Khoshnood
- INSERM U1153 - Equipe de recherche en Epidémiologie Obstétricale, Périnatale et Pédiatrique (EPOPé) centre de Recherche Epidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS), Paris, France
| | - Olivia Anselem
- Maternité de Port Royal, Groupe Hospitalier Cochin-Broca-Hôtel Dieu, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Claire Bouvattier
- Service d'endocrinologie pédiatrique, Hopital Bicêtre, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Aurélie Coussement
- Service de cytogénétique, Hôpital Cochin, Groupe Hospitalier Cochin-Broca-Hôtel Dieu, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Brisset
- Université Paris Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Service de d'histologie, embryologie et cytogénétique, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Clamart, France
| | - Alexandra Benachi
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique et Médecine de la Reproduction, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Clamart, France.,Université Paris Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Vassilis Tsatsaris
- Maternité de Port Royal, Groupe Hospitalier Cochin-Broca-Hôtel Dieu, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Université René Descartes, Paris, France
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10
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Kanakis GA, Nieschlag E. Klinefelter syndrome: more than hypogonadism. Metabolism 2018; 86:135-144. [PMID: 29382506 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is the most frequent chromosome disorder in males (1:650 newborn males), defined by 47,XXY karyotype. The classical phenotype is that of a tall male with relatively long legs, small, firm testes and gynecomastia. Azoospermia and infertility are almost inevitably present, but may be overcome by TESE and ICSI. Nevertheless, a broad spectrum of phenotypes has been described and more than 70% of the actually existing KS men may remain undiagnosed throughout their lifespan. Accordingly, hypogonadism is usually not evident until early adulthood and progresses with ageing. KS patients present a series of comorbidities that increase morbidity and mortality by 40%. Such disturbances are the impaired metabolic profile (obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance) and a tendency to thrombosis, which all favor cardiovascular disease. They also present susceptibility for specific neoplasias (breast cancer, extragonadal germ cell tumors), autoimmune diseases as well as osteoporosis and bone fractures. Moreover, KS has been associated with verbal processing and attention deficits as well as social skill impairments, leading KS individuals to academic and professional achievements inferior to those of their peers of comparable socio-economic status. Nevertheless, the majority fall within the average range regarding their intellectual abilities and adaptive functioning. Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) is the mainstay of treatment in hypogonadal KS patients; however, randomized trials are needed to determine optimal therapeutic regimens and follow-up schedules.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Kanakis
- Department of Endocrinology, Athens Naval & VA Hospital, Athens, Greece.
| | - Eberhard Nieschlag
- University Hospital of Muenster, Center of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, Domagkstraße 11, D-48149, Muenster, Germany
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Ramdaney A, Hoskovec J, Harkenrider J, Soto E, Murphy L. Clinical experience with sex chromosome aneuploidies detected by noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT): Accuracy and patient decision-making. Prenat Diagn 2018; 38:841-848. [PMID: 30068017 DOI: 10.1002/pd.5339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objectives of the study are to assess the accuracy of noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) for sex chromosome aneuploidies (SCAs) and to investigate patient decision-making in clinical practice. STUDY DESIGN This is a retrospective cohort study review of positive NIPT results for SCAs from January 2013 to September 2017. RESULTS Of the 136 positive NIPT results for SCAs, 73 (53.7%) were positive for 45,X, 62 (45.6%) were a sex chromosome trisomy, and 1 was a sex chromosome tetrasomy. Of the 134 viable pregnancies, 46 (34.3%) elected to pursue prenatal diagnosis. Fewer women underwent invasive prenatal testing when counseled regarding a positive NIPT for monosomy X in the presence of suggestive ultrasound findings (4/23; 17.4%) compared with those who had a positive NIPT result without ultrasound findings (24/46, 52.2%). Abnormal karyotypes consistent with the NIPT result were confirmed in 30/64 (46.9%). Even in the context of ultrasound abnormalities, there was not 100% concordance. CONCLUSIONS The majority (88/134; 65.7%) of patients in our cohort declined prenatal diagnosis even in the presence of associated ultrasound findings. Comprehensive pretest and posttest counseling is recommended and should address the importance of confirmatory testing and benefits of early diagnosis. Practice guidelines are needed to address provider responsibilities about postnatal testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Ramdaney
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer Hoskovec
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jacqueline Harkenrider
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eleazar Soto
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lauren Murphy
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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So PL, Cheng KYY, Cheuk KY, Chiu WK, Mak SL, Mok SL, Lo TK, Yung WK, Lo FM, Chung HYB, Kan SYA, Lee CP, Tang HYM. Parental decisions following prenatal diagnosis of sex chromosome aneuploidy in Hong Kong. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2017; 43:1821-1829. [PMID: 28892214 DOI: 10.1111/jog.13451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Po Lam So
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Tuen Mun Hospital; Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Kwun Yue Yvonne Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Prince of Wales Hospital; Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Kwan Yiu Cheuk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital; Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Wan Kam Chiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; United Christian Hospital; Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Shui Lam Mak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Queen Elizabeth Hospital; Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Sau Lan Mok
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Princess Margaret Hospital; Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Tsz Kin Lo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Queen Mary Hospital; Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Wai Kuen Yung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Kwong Wah Hospital; Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Fai Man Lo
- Clinical Genetic Service, Department of Health; Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Hon Yin Brian Chung
- Departments of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Sik Yau Anita Kan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Queen Mary Hospital; Hong Kong SAR China
- Prenatal Diagnostic and Counselling Division; Tsan Yuk Hospital; Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Chin Peng Lee
- Prenatal Diagnostic and Counselling Division; Tsan Yuk Hospital; Hong Kong SAR China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Hoi Yin Mary Tang
- Prenatal Diagnostic and Counselling Division; Tsan Yuk Hospital; Hong Kong SAR China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR China
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Gruchy N, Blondeel E, Le Meur N, Joly-Hélas G, Chambon P, Till M, Herbaux M, Vigouroux-Castera A, Coussement A, Lespinasse J, Amblard F, Jimenez Pocquet M, Lebel-Roy C, Carré-Pigeon F, Flori E, Mugneret F, Jaillard S, Yardin C, Harbuz R, Collonge-Rame MA, Vago P, Valduga M, Leporrier N, Vialard F. Pregnancy outcomes in prenatally diagnosed 47, XXX and 47, XYY syndromes: a 30-year French, retrospective, multicentre study. Prenat Diagn 2016; 36:523-9. [DOI: 10.1002/pd.4817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Gruchy
- Service de Génétique, Laboratoire de cytogénétique prénatale; CHU Côte de Nacre, UFR de Médecine Caen; Caen France
| | - Eleonore Blondeel
- Laboratoire d'Histologie, Embryologie, Biologie de la Reproduction, Cytogénétique et Génétique médicale; CHI Poissy Saint Germain; Poissy France
| | | | - Géraldine Joly-Hélas
- Laboratoire d'Histologie, cytogénétique et biologie de la reproduction, Fédération de Génétique, Faculté de Médecine; CHU de Rouen; Rouen France
| | - Pascal Chambon
- Laboratoire d'Histologie, cytogénétique et biologie de la reproduction, Fédération de Génétique, Faculté de Médecine; CHU de Rouen; Rouen France
| | - Marianne Till
- Service de cytogénétique; GHE, CBPE Hôpitaux de Lyon; Bron France
| | | | | | | | | | - Florence Amblard
- Service de Génétique Chromosomique; CHU de Grenoble; Grenoble France
| | | | - Camille Lebel-Roy
- Laboratoire de biologie médicale et cytogénétique; Fort de France France
| | | | - Elisabeth Flori
- Service de Cytogénétique; Hôpital de Hautepierre; Strasbourg France
| | | | - Sylvie Jaillard
- Service de cytogénétique et biologie cellulaire; CHU Pontchaillou; Rennes France
| | - Catherine Yardin
- Cytologie et Cytogénétique, Service d'Histologie; Hôpital de la Mère et de l'Enfant, CHU de Limoges; Limoges France
| | - Radu Harbuz
- Service de Génétique, Laboratoire de génétique biologique; CHU de Poitiers; Poitiers France
| | - Marie-Agnès Collonge-Rame
- Service de génétique biologique, histologie, biologie du développement et de la reproduction; CHRU Besançon, Hôpital Saint-Jacques; Besançon France
| | - Philippe Vago
- UFR Médecine, Histologie Embryologie Cytogénétique; Univ Clermont 1; Clermont-Ferrand France
- Cytogénétique Médicale; CHU Clermont-Ferrand; Clermont-Ferrand France
- UFR Médecine; Univ Clermont 1; Clermont-Ferrand France
| | - Mylène Valduga
- Laboratoire de génétique médicale, Service de cytogénétique et génétique moléculaire; CHU de Nancy; Vandoeuvre-Les-Nancy France
| | - Nathalie Leporrier
- Service de Génétique, Laboratoire de cytogénétique prénatale; CHU Côte de Nacre, UFR de Médecine Caen; Caen France
| | - François Vialard
- Laboratoire d'Histologie, Embryologie, Biologie de la Reproduction, Cytogénétique et Génétique médicale; CHI Poissy Saint Germain; Poissy France
- EA7404, GIG, UFR des sciences de la Santé,; Montigny le bretonneux
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Bird RJ, Hurren BJ. Anatomical and clinical aspects of Klinefelter's syndrome. Clin Anat 2016; 29:606-19. [PMID: 26823086 DOI: 10.1002/ca.22695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Klinefelter's syndrome, the most common sex disorder associated with chromosomal aberrations, is characterized by a plethora of clinical features. Parameters for diagnosis of the syndrome are constantly expanding as new anatomical and hormonal abnormalities are noted, yet Klinefelter's remains underdiagnosed and underreported. This review outlines the key anatomical characteristics associated with the syndrome, which are currently used for clinical diagnosis, or may provide means for improving diagnosis in the future. Clin. Anat. 29:606-619, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Bird
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
| | - Bradley J Hurren
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
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Pimpolari L, Liberati N, Martini M, Colloridi F, Radicioni A, Duse M, Tarani L. Prenatal genetic counseling in Klinefelter syndrome: Comments on the article by Lalatta et al. [2013] and a proposal of a new approach. Am J Med Genet A 2014; 167A:450-4. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michela Martini
- Department of Pediatrics; Sapienza University of Rome; Rome Italy
| | | | | | - Marzia Duse
- Department of Pediatrics; Sapienza University of Rome; Rome Italy
| | - Luigi Tarani
- Department of Pediatrics; Sapienza University of Rome; Rome Italy
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Counseling Challenges with Variants of Uncertain Significance and Incidental Findings in Prenatal Genetic Screening and Diagnosis. J Clin Med 2014; 3:1018-32. [PMID: 26237491 PMCID: PMC4449641 DOI: 10.3390/jcm3031018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal genetic screening and testing provides prospective parents information about the health of their fetus. It is offered to find or address an increased risk for chromosomal abnormalities or other genetic conditions in the fetus or to identify the cause of fetal structural abnormalities detected by prenatal imaging. Genome-wide tests, such as the already widely-used chromosomal microarray analysis and emerging diagnostic whole exome and whole genome sequencing, have improved the ability to detect clinically significant findings, but have also increased the chance of detecting incidental findings and variants of uncertain significance. There is an extensive ongoing discussion about optimal strategies for diagnostic laboratories to report such findings and for providers to communicate them with patients. While consensus opinions and guidelines are beginning to appear, they often exclude the prenatal setting, due to its unique set of challenging considerations. These include more limited knowledge of the impact of genetic variants when prospectively detected in an ongoing pregnancy, the absence or limitations of detecting clinically recognizable phenotypes at the time of testing and the different decision-making processes that will ensue from testing. In this review, we examine these challenges within the medical ethical framework unique to prenatal care.
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Liao C, Li DZ. Should sex chromosomes be excluded from use in QF-PCR in prenatal samples with a molecular referral? Am J Med Genet A 2014; 164A:2404-6. [PMID: 24942254 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Can Liao
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Maternal & Neonatal Hospital, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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18
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Bui TH, Raymond FL, Van den Veyver IB. Current controversies in prenatal diagnosis 2: should incidental findings arising from prenatal testing always be reported to patients? Prenat Diagn 2013; 34:12-7. [PMID: 24214820 DOI: 10.1002/pd.4275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- The-Hung Bui
- The Karolinska Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, Clinical Genetics Unit and Center for Fetal Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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19
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Liao C, Yi CX, Li DZ. Prenatal diagnosis of sex chromosome aneuploidies: experience at a mainland Chinese hospital. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2013; 33:827-9. [DOI: 10.3109/01443615.2013.831049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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20
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Comas C, Echevarria M, Rodríguez MÁ, Rodríguez I, Serra B, Cirigliano V. Prenatal Diagnosis of Chromosome Abnormalities: A 13-Year Institution Experience. Diagnostics (Basel) 2012; 2:57-71. [PMID: 26859399 PMCID: PMC4665551 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics2040057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To analyze trends in screening and invasive prenatal diagnosis of chromosome abnormalities (CA) over a 13-year period and correlate them to changes in the national prenatal screening policy. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed Down syndrome (DS) screening tests and fetal karyotypes obtained by prenatal invasive testing (IT) in our fetal medicine unit between January 1999 and December 2011. Results: A total of 24,226 prenatal screening tests for DS and 11,045 invasive procedures have been analyzed. Over a 13-year period, utilization of non-invasive screening methods has significantly increased from 57% to 89%. The percentage of invasive procedures has declined from 49% to 12%, although the percentage of IT performed for maternal anxiety has increased from 22% to 55%. The percentage of detected CA increased from 2.5% to 5.9%. Overall, 31 invasive procedures are needed to diagnose 1 abnormal case, being 23 procedures in medical indications and 241 procedures in non-medical indications. Conclusions: Our experience on screening and invasive prenatal diagnostic practice shows a decrease of the number of IT, with a parallel decline in medical indications. There is an increasing efficiency of prenatal screening program to detect CA. Despite the increasing screening policies, our population shows a growing request for prenatal IT. The a priori low risk population shows a not negligible residual risk for relevant CA. This observation challenges the current prenatal screening strategy focused on DS; showing that the residual risk is higher than the current cut-off used to indicate an invasive technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Comas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institut Dexeus, Fetal Medicine Unit., Gran Via Carles III, 71-75, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Mónica Echevarria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institut Dexeus, Fetal Medicine Unit., Gran Via Carles III, 71-75, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - María Ángeles Rodríguez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institut Dexeus, Fetal Medicine Unit., Gran Via Carles III, 71-75, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ignacio Rodríguez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institut Dexeus, Fetal Medicine Unit., Gran Via Carles III, 71-75, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Bernat Serra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institut Dexeus, Fetal Medicine Unit., Gran Via Carles III, 71-75, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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Pieters JJPM, Verhaak CM, Braat DDM, van Leeuwen E, Smits APT. Experts' opinions on the benefit of an incidental prenatal diagnosis of sex chromosomal aneuploidy: a qualitative interview survey. Prenat Diagn 2012; 32:1151-7. [PMID: 23023394 DOI: 10.1002/pd.3975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Incidental findings in prenatal diagnostic testing may or may not have clear prognostic significance for the phenotype. We studied experts' opinions of the benefit and disadvantage of an incidental prenatal diagnosis of a sex chromosomal aneuploidy (SCA). METHODS We interviewed 16 experts in the field of counseling and treatment of people with SCA and asked 13 clinical geneticists and genetic associates about the clinical relevance of an incidental prenatal diagnosis of SCA. RESULTS Most of the experts and clinical geneticists (87.5% and 76.9%, respectively) stated that an incidental prenatal diagnosis of SCA was a benefit for the child and the parents. They acknowledged the possibility of parental decisions to terminate pregnancy. Expert options in screening, training, and treatment of health, behavior, and fertility problems increase with an early diagnosis of SCA. CONCLUSION Most experts favored an incidental prenatal diagnosis of SCA despite the complex counseling issues and their acknowledgment of possible parental decisions to terminate pregnancy. They believed the benefits greatly outweigh the disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J P M Pieters
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Ataman E, Cogulu O, Durmaz A, Karaca E, Durmaz B, Akin H, Ozkinay F. The Rate of Sex Chromosome Aneuploidies in Prenatal Diagnosis and Subsequent Decisions in Western Turkey. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2012; 16:150-3. [DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2011.0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Esra Ataman
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ege University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Cogulu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ege University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Asude Durmaz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ege University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Emin Karaca
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ege University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Burak Durmaz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ege University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Haluk Akin
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ege University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ferda Ozkinay
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ege University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey
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Jeon KC, Chen LS, Goodson P. Decision to abort after a prenatal diagnosis of sex chromosome abnormality: a systematic review of the literature. Genet Med 2011; 14:27-38. [PMID: 22237429 DOI: 10.1038/gim.0b013e31822e57a7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed a systematic review of factors affecting parental decisions to continue or terminate a pregnancy after prenatal diagnosis of a sex chromosome abnormality, as reported in published studies from 1987 to May 2011. Based on the Matrix Method for systematic reviews, 19 studies were found in five electronic databases, meeting specific inclusion/exclusion criteria. Abstracted data were organized in a matrix. Alongside the search for factors influencing parental decisions, each study was judged on its methodological quality and assigned a methodological quality score. Decisions either to terminate or to continue a sex chromosome abnormality-affected pregnancy shared five similar factors: specific type of sex chromosome abnormality, gestational week at diagnosis, parents' age, providers' genetic expertise, and number of children/desire for (more) children. Factors unique to termination decisions included parents' fear/anxiety and directive counseling. Factors uniquely associated with continuation decisions were parents' socioeconomic status and ethnicity. The studies' average methodological quality score was 10.6 (SD = 1.67; range, 8-14). Findings from this review can be useful in adapting and modifying guidelines for genetic counseling after prenatal diagnosis of a sex chromosome abnormality. Moreover, improving the quality of future studies on this topic may allow clearer understanding of the most influential factors affecting parental decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwon Chan Jeon
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
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Gruchy N, Vialard F, Decamp M, Choiset A, Rossi A, Le Meur N, Moirot H, Yardin C, Bonnet-Dupeyron MN, Lespinasse J, Herbaut-Graux M, Till M, Layet V, Leporrier N. Pregnancy outcomes in 188 French cases of prenatally diagnosed Klinefelter syndrome. Hum Reprod 2011; 26:2570-5. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/der193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Abstract
UNLABELLED When a prenatal diagnosis of Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is made, a couple is faced with an unfamiliar and unexpected diagnosis. The aim of this article is to give clues to prenatal counselling in this situation. The information provided to couples facing a prenatal diagnosis of KS should ideally be based on longitudinal studies of unselected individuals, including those diagnosed prenatally. Indeed, there are several reasons to think that the phenotype of individuals diagnosed prenatally is globally less severe than in those diagnosed postnatally. Based on these studies, the evidence to be explained to couples to help them make an informed decision about the pregnancy is the following: except for rather tall height, generally normal appearance throughout life; increased risk of learning disabilities; spontaneous puberty, reduced testicular size, usual need for testosterone supplementation from adolescence onward; increased risk of gynecomastia; sexual orientation similar to the general male population; infertility, but with the possibility of having biological offspring with assisted reproductive techniques. In this article, we review the evidence about the phenotype of KS according to the circumstances of diagnosis and its use in counselling couples faced with a prenatal diagnosis of this common condition. CONCLUSION Cohort studies including individuals with KS diagnosed prenatally are still lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline M Girardin
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Pediatric Department, Geneva University Hospital, Switzerland.
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Löwy I. Detectando más-formações, detectando riscos: dilemas do diagnóstico pré-natal. HORIZONTES ANTROPOLÓGICOS 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-71832011000100004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar os fatores que moldam as culturas materiais da biomedicina contemporânea. Trata do desenvolvimento histórico das técnicas diagnósticas e de como elas definem a "norma" e influenciam a evolução dos comportamentos dos profissionais e dos familiares. Pretende-se esclarecer esses processos a partir de uma reconstrução da evolução histórica do diagnóstico pré-natal, seguida de uma análise detalhada do caso de uma anomalia particular: as ACS, ou seja, as aneuploidias dos cromossomas sexuais. Embora alguns casos de ACS impliquem graves problemas de saúde, que chegam a comprometer a própria sobrevivência do indivíduo, a grande maioria das crianças que possui um número anormal de cromossomas sexuais é afetada por uma deficiência que pode ser qualifi cada como "menor" (em numerosos casos o diagnóstico definitivo das ACS só se coloca na adolescência). Assim, especialmente nos contextos em que existe o aborto legalizado, o diagnóstico pré-natal visibiliza a construção do "feto anormal" e o "risco de ter uma criança anormal" como fenômeno técnico-social, construído ao longo do tempo, de maneira indissociável, pelas técnicas da biomedicina, pela organização do trabalho médico, pelas limitações legais e pelas considerações socioculturais
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilana Löwy
- Centre de Recherche, Médecine, Sciences, Santé, Santé Mentale, Société, França
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Iyer NP, Tucker DF, Roberts SH, Moselhi M, Morgan M, Matthes JW. Outcome of fetuses with Turner syndrome: a 10-year congenital anomaly register based study. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2011; 25:68-73. [DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2011.564688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Triple X syndrome: characteristics of 42 Italian girls and parental emotional response to prenatal diagnosis. Eur J Pediatr 2010; 169:1255-61. [PMID: 20473517 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-010-1221-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2010] [Accepted: 05/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We report clinical and behavioural evaluation data in 42 Italian girls with triple X syndrome whose diagnosis was made prenatally between 1998 and 2006 in three Italian centres. At initial evaluation, reproductive and medical histories were collected. Clinical assessment of the child was performed by a clinical geneticist and included a detailed personal history, physical evaluation and auxological measurements. To analyse how parents coped with specific events in the prenatal and postnatal periods, we conducted an interview that included 35 specific questions designed to elicit retrospective judgements on prenatal communication, present and future worries, needs and expectations. In a subset of probands, we also administered the formal Italian Temperament Questionnaire assessment test that investigates adaptation, general environment and socialisation. This test also assesses the emotional component of temperament. Clinical results in the affected children are similar to those previously reported with evidence of increased growth in the pre-puberal age and an average incidence of congenital malformation and health needs. Median age for the time first words were pronounced was 12 months, showing a slight delay in language skills, which tended to improve by the time they reached school age. Parental responses to the interview demonstrated residual anxiety but with a satisfactory adaptation to and a positive recall of the prenatal counselling session. Parental adaptation of the 47,XXX girls require indeed a proper educational support. This support seems to be available in Italy. An integrated approach to prenatal counselling is the best way to manage the anxiety and falsely imagined consequences that parents feel after being told that their foetus bears such a genetic abnormality.
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Ramalho C, Brandão O, Matias A, Montenegro N. Systematic fetal autopsy in cases of medical termination of pregnancy due to chromosomal abnormalities: improving the quality of perinatal care? Prenat Diagn 2010; 30:1000-4. [DOI: 10.1002/pd.2605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Radicioni AF, De Marco E, Gianfrilli D, Granato S, Gandini L, Isidori AM, Lenzi A. Strategies and advantages of early diagnosis in Klinefelter's syndrome. Mol Hum Reprod 2010; 16:434-40. [PMID: 20392711 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaq027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nearly 70 years after its description, Klinefelter's syndrome (KS) remains a largely undiagnosed condition. In addition to its typical characteristics of increased follicle-stimulating hormone secretion and small and firm testes, the syndrome presents an extremely wide spectrum of phenotypes. This could be explained by the possible presence of chromosomal mosaicism, androgen receptor polymorphisms and related heterogeneous endocrine abnormalities. The varied but relatively mild physical abnormalities also explain why many patients do not receive clinical attention until adulthood, when they seek medical advice on small testes or infertility. Diagnosis is also hindered by the low awareness of the disease among health professionals. This paper aims to review the possible signs of KS at different stages of life that could help achieve an early (or at least earlier) diagnosis. It has been demonstrated that the early diagnosis of KS improves patients' quality of life and enables better medical treatment. To achieve this, it is crucial to increase both medical and general awareness of the disease, including through use of the media and patients' associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Radicioni
- Department of Medical Pathophysiology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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SHAW SW, CHUEH HY, CHANG SD, CHENG PJ, HSIEH TT, SOONG YK. Parental decisions regarding prenatally detected fetal sex chromosomal abnormality and the impact of genetic counselling: An analysis of 57 cases in Taiwan. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2008; 48:155-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1479-828x.2008.00828.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Liao C, Li DZ. Pregnancy outcome following prenatal diagnosis of sex chromosome abnormalities in Mainland China. Prenat Diagn 2008; 28:443-4. [DOI: 10.1002/pd.1982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Eldahdah LT, Ormond KE, Nassar AH, Khalil T, Zahed LF. Outcome of chromosomally abnormal pregnancies in Lebanon: obstetricians' roles during and after prenatal diagnosis. Prenat Diagn 2007; 27:525-34. [PMID: 17367106 DOI: 10.1002/pd.1721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To better understand obstetrician experiences in Lebanon when disclosing abnormal amniocentesis results. METHODS Structured interviews with 38 obstetricians identified as caregivers from the American University of Beirut Medical Center Cytogenetics Laboratory database of patients with abnormal amniocentesis results between 1999 and 2005. RESULTS Obstetricians were primarily male, Christian, and with an average of 14 years of experience. They reported doing most pre-amniocentesis counseling, including discussion of risk for common autosomal aneuplodies (95%), and procedure-related risk (95%). Obstetricians reported that 80% of patients at risk for aneuploidy underwent amniocentesis. The study population reported on 143 abnormal test results (124 autosomal abnormalities). When disclosing results, obstetricians reportedly discussed primarily physical and cognitive features of the diagnosis. They varied in levels of directiveness and comfort in providing information. Our records showed that 59% of pregnancies with sex chromosome abnormalities were terminated compared to 90% of those with autosomal aneuploidies; various reasons were proposed by obstetricians. CONCLUSIONS This study is among the few to assess prenatal diagnosis practices in the Middle East, with a focus on the role of the obstetrician. Given the influence of culture and social norms on prenatal decision-making, it remains important to understand the various impacts on clinical practice in many nations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lama T Eldahdah
- Graduate Program in Genetic Counseling, Northwestern University, Chicago IL, USA
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Vaknin Z, Reish O, Ben-Ami I, Heyman E, Herman A, Maymon R. Prenatal Diagnosis of Sex Chromosome Abnormalities: The 8-Year Experience of a Single Medical Center. Fetal Diagn Ther 2007; 23:76-81. [DOI: 10.1159/000109231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2006] [Accepted: 11/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Shaffer BL, Caughey AB, Norton ME. Variation in the decision to terminate pregnancy in the setting of fetal aneuploidy. Prenat Diagn 2006; 26:667-71. [PMID: 16724363 DOI: 10.1002/pd.1462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the rate of pregnancy termination for various fetal aneuploidies, and to evaluate predictors of this choice. METHODS A retrospective cohort study identified all patients with any of seven common fetal aneuploidies (trisomies 21, 18, and 13; 45,X, 47,XXX, 47,XXY, and 47,XYY) at a referral prenatal diagnosis unit from 1983 to 2003. We abstracted type of aneuploidy, time and type of diagnostic procedure, maternal age, and ethnicity as predictors of the decision to terminate. Statistical comparisons were made using the chi-square test. Potential confounding variables were controlled for using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS Overall, there were 833 patients who had fetuses with aneuploidy. In our study population, the overall rate of termination was 81%: 86% in cases of autosomal trisomy and 60% in cases of sex chromosome aneuploidy (SCA) (p < 0.001). Rates were lowest in cases with the least severe prognosis, 47,XYY (57%) and 47,XXX (40%) compared with 45,X (65%) and 47,XXY (70%) (p = 0.05). Patients with SCA detected by chorionic villus sampling (CVS) had a higher termination rate than those who had undergone amniocentesis (77% vs 55%, p = 0.015). Increased maternal age was associated with higher termination rates in autosomal trisomy (88% vs 76% p < 0.001) and a trend toward decreased rates in those with SCA (55% vs 71%, p = 0.06). Hispanic women were less likely to terminate pregnancy (69%, p = 0.01) than those from other racial/ethnic groups. CONCLUSION Type and severity of aneuploidy, type of diagnostic procedure, maternal age, and ethnicity contribute to patients' decision-making in the setting of fetal aneuploidy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian L Shaffer
- Division of Perinatal Medicine and Genetics, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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Hamamy HA, Dahoun S. Parental decisions following the prenatal diagnosis of sex chromosome abnormalities. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2004; 116:58-62. [PMID: 15294369 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2003.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2003] [Accepted: 12/22/2003] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report parental decisions regarding pregnancy termination following the prenatal diagnosis of a sex chromosome abnormality (SCA) in the fetus. METHODS Retrospective collection of data from records of 61 families receiving genetic counseling after prenatal diagnosis of a sex chromosome abnormality in the fetus in the Division of Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Geneva during the time period 1980-2001. RESULTS Among 61 couples with a prenatal diagnosis of a sex chromosome abnormality (SCA), 44 couples (72.1%) decided to terminate pregnancy. Pregnancy termination rates were 100, 73.9, 70, 50 and 42.9% for Turner syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, 47,XXX females, 47,XYY males, and mosaic cases, respectively. In all 11 cases with a fetal abnormality seen on ultrasound, pregnancy was terminated. Termination rates were higher among couples with a higher mean number of previous children. Maternal age and year of test did not influence parental decisions. CONCLUSIONS Parental decision to terminate a pregnancy for a fetus with a SCA varied by type of sex chromosome abnormality, by presence of fetal ultrasound anomalies, and by the mean number of previous children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan A Hamamy
- Laboratoire de Cytogénétique, Division de Génétique Médicale, CMU, 1 rue Michel Servet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
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Mezei G, Papp C, Tóth-Pál E, Beke A, Papp Z. Factors influencing parental decision making in prenatal diagnosis of sex chromosome aneuploidy. Obstet Gynecol 2004; 104:94-101. [PMID: 15229006 DOI: 10.1097/01.aog.0000128171.14081.eb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate factors influencing parental decisions toward continuing or terminating a pregnancy with prenatal diagnosis of sex chromosome aneuploidy. METHODS We reviewed the records of patients with fetuses with sex chromosome aneuploidy between 1990 and 2001. A questionnaire survey of women who chose to terminate such pregnancies was designed to examine aspects of their decision-making process. RESULTS Forty-nine of 89 pregnancies with sex chromosome aneuploidy were terminated (termination rate 0.55; 95% confidence interval 0.45-0.65). Pregnancies with abnormal ultrasound findings (14/16, 87%), with 45,X or 47,XXY karyotypes (26/36, 72%), and with nonmosaic karyotypes (30/48, 63%) were terminated significantly more often than pregnancies with normal ultrasound findings (35/73, 48%; P <.01), with 47,XXX or 47,XYY karyotypes (4/12, 33%; P <.05), and with mosaic karyotypes (5/25, 20%; P =.01). There was a trend (P =.136) toward a lower rate of termination from 67% to 36% across time, with a significant decrease from 67% to 7% in pregnancies with 47,XXX; 47,XYY; and mosaic karyotypes (P <.01), and no change in cases with 45,X and 47,XXY karyotypes (67% compared with 69%; P = 1.0). Abnormal sexual development and infertility were the greatest parental concerns related to termination. CONCLUSION Fear of having a child with abnormal sexual development or infertility remains the major determinant of parental decision toward terminating pregnancy, resulting in consistently high termination rates across time in pregnancies with 45,X and 47,XXY karyotypes. In cases with 47,XXX; 47,XYY; and mosaic karyotypes, the declining termination rate across time is a consequence of recent studies reporting normal sexual development and fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Mezei
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
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Baena N, De Vigan C, Cariati E, Clementi M, Stoll C, Caballín MR, Guitart M. Turner syndrome: Evaluation of prenatal diagnosis in 19 European registries. Am J Med Genet A 2004; 129A:16-20. [PMID: 15266609 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.30092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the prenatal diagnosis of Turner syndrome by ultrasound examination in an unselected population from all over Europe. Data from 19 congenital malformation registries from 11 European countries were analyzed. Turner syndrome was diagnosed in 125 cases (7.2%) in a total of 1,738 chromosome abnormalities. Sixty-seven percent of cases were detected prenatally by ultrasound examination due to the presence of congenital defects. The most frequent anomalies were cystic hygroma (59.5%) and hydrops fetalis (19%). The most frequent karyotype was 45,X (81.6%) followed by different types of mosaicism (16.8%). Significant differences in congenital defects (P = 0.0003) were observed between 45,X karyotypes and 45,X mosaicism cases. Prenatal counseling for 45,X mosaicism should take into account the expectation of a milder phenotype. In 78.6% of cases diagnosed by ultrasound examination due to congenital anomalies, the pregnancy was terminated. Prenatal detection of Turner syndrome by ultrasound examination was high in this unselected population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus Baena
- Genetics Laboratory, Corporació Sanitaria Parc Taulí, Institut Universitari Parc Taulí-UAB, Sabadell, Spain.
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Forrester MB, Merz RD. Pregnancy outcome and prenatal diagnosis of sex chromosome abnormalities in Hawaii, 1986-1999. Am J Med Genet A 2003; 119A:305-10. [PMID: 12784298 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.20150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Sex chromosome abnormalities such as Turner syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, triple X syndrome, and 47,XYY can be prenatally diagnosed and electively terminated. This investigation examined the pattern of pregnancy outcome of prenatally and postnatally diagnosed sex chromosome abnormalities in Hawaii during 1986-1999 and calculated prenatal diagnosis and subsequent elective termination rates for various factors. Data were obtained from a statewide population-based birth defects registry. The study included 205 detected sex chromosome abnormality cases of which 93 (45%) were live births, 18 (9%) late fetal deaths, 37 (18%) early fetal deaths, and 57 (28%) elective terminations. Pregnancy outcome distribution varied by type of sex chromosome abnormality. Prenatal diagnosis was reported for 132 (64%) of the cases, of which 46 (35%) were subsequently electively terminated. Eleven cases were elective terminations where the sex chromosome abnormality was diagnosed after delivery. Elective termination rates subsequent to prenatal diagnosis differed by sex chromosome abnormality, being highest for 45,X (54%), followed by 47,XXY (46%), 47,XYY (29%), and 47,XXX (17%). Although prenatal diagnosis rates increased significantly over the time period (P = 0.006), the subsequent elective termination rate declined slightly, albeit the trend was not statistically significant (P = 0.440). The prenatal diagnosis rate was highest for the 35-39-year maternal age group, although this age group did not have subsequent elective termination rates higher than other maternal age groups. Pregnancy outcome distribution and prenatal diagnosis and subsequent elective termination of sex chromosome abnormalities appeared to depend on the type of sex chromosome abnormality, year of delivery, and maternal age.
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Linden MG, Bender BG, Robinson A. Genetic counseling for sex chromosome abnormalities. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 2002; 110:3-10. [PMID: 12116264 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.10391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Sex chromosome abnormalities (SCAs) are the most frequently occurring chromosomal abnormalities encountered at both prenatal diagnosis and at birth. Approximately 1/400 newborns has an SCA, and incidence at prenatal diagnosis is even greater, 1/250 to 1/300. Physicians and health providers from various specialties are encountering diagnoses of SCAs with increased frequency as more individuals are becoming identified, both prenatally and postnatally. Because these conditions generally have relatively few serious physical implications and because they are extremely variable, genetic counseling is often more complex and challenging than that occurring with an autosomal abnormality. It is imperative that health professionals have the knowledge of content and methodology to provide appropriate counseling to such individuals and their families. During the period from 1964 to 1975, seven international groups (including the Denver group) screened a total of 199,898 consecutive births and identified 307 individuals with SCA. The Denver group has followed more than 40 such individuals from birth to adulthood. In addition, the Denver group has experience in counseling over 1,000 families with a prenatal diagnosis of SCA. Based on these studies and contacts, guidelines for the counseling of individuals and families with SCA are provided. Accurate information must be presented and the variability and imprecise prognosis recognized. Successful counseling strategies include interfamily contact, viewing photographs, and utilizing support groups. Issues of disclosure, follow-up, and anticipatory guidance should be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary G Linden
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, Colorado, USA.
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41
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Maymon R, Herman A, Reish O. Brain anomalies associated with 47,XYY karyotypes detected on a prenatal scan. Prenat Diagn 2002; 22:490-2. [PMID: 12116310 DOI: 10.1002/pd.332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Jones MC. Prenatal diagnosis of cleft lip and palate: detection rates, accuracy of ultrasonography, associated anomalies, and strategies for counseling. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2002; 39:169-73. [PMID: 11879073 DOI: 10.1597/1545-1569_2002_039_0169_pdocla_2.0.co_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As ultrasound becomes more widely utilized in pregnancy and imaging technology improves, cleft lip and palate will become more commonly identified in prenatal life. In efforts to meet the needs for information regarding cause and management, pregnant women and their partners are increasingly referred to cleft and craniofacial treatment programs. This group of patients provides unique challenges to professionals unfamiliar with the issues inherent to this population. Information regarding the extent of the defect and the absence of associated abnormalities is usually incomplete. Treatment teams may be uncomfortable with the possibility that couples may choose not to continue a pregnancy on the basis of what they hear. Currently between 14% and 25% of cleft lip, with or without cleft palate, is detected antenatally. About 12% of presumably isolated clefts will be one feature in a broader pattern of malformation. This article reviews the current status of ultrasound in the detection of clefts during pregnancy and outlines a strategy for counseling based on the author's experience in both a prenatal diagnosis program and a cleft-craniofacial treatment team.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn C Jones
- Sharp-Children's Prenatal Diagnostic Center and Cleft Palate and Craniofacial Treatment Programs, Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
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43
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Jones MC. Prenatal Diagnosis of Cleft Lip and Palate: Detection Rates, Accuracy of Ultrasonography, Associated Anomalies, and Strategies for Counseling. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2002. [DOI: 10.1597/1545-1569(2002)039<0169:pdocla>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Sagi M, Meiner V, Reshef N, Dagan J, Zlotogora J. Prenatal diagnosis of sex chromosome aneuploidy: possible reasons for high rates of pregnancy termination. Prenat Diagn 2001; 21:461-5. [PMID: 11438950 DOI: 10.1002/pd.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Sex chromosome aneuploidy (SCA), when detected in amniocentesis, is usually an unexpected result of a test carried out for another purpose. For most SCAs, the prognosis is milder and less predictable than trisomy 21, and therefore parents are faced with a difficult decision regarding the option of pregnancy termination. While studies from Europe and the USA report a declining trend in termination rates for SCA, our local experience is different. During the period 1989-1998, we diagnosed 60 SCA (including mosaics) in 20 106 amniocenteses (0.29%) and 48 (80%) of these pregnancies were terminated, a significantly higher proportion than has been reported in Europe and the USA. The present study shows that the difference between our experience and others' may be related to differences in cultural norms and values. Thirty women were interviewed, of whom 23 terminated and seven continued the pregnancy. Interview analyses showed that the main reason behind the decision to terminate the pregnancy was associated with the parents' fear of non-specific abnormality of the child, and concerns about abnormal sexual development. Although genetic counseling practised in our center aims to be non-directive, 56% of the women reported that the counseling was either directive towards termination, or that they at least felt that the counselor's attitude was pro-termination. Most women (93%) reported themselves as having come to terms with their decision.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sagi
- Department of Human Genetics, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel.
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45
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Chaabouni H, Chaabouni M, Maazoul F, M'Rad R, Jemaa LB, Smaoui N, Terras K, Kammoun H, Belghith N, Ridene H, Oueslati B, Zouari F. Prenatal diagnosis of chromosome disorders in Tunisian population. ANNALES DE GENETIQUE 2001; 44:99-104. [PMID: 11522249 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-3995(01)01046-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cytogenetic prenatal diagnosis (PND) is under national health program in most developed countries, while it concerns a small part of population at risk in developing countries. Finance is common reason of absence of PND development, but socio-cultural believes play an important role in Arab Muslim countries. In this paper we report results of 3110 fetal karyotypes carried out in a Tunisian population, by cultured amniocytes analysis. It is the largest report in a Muslim Arab country in our Knowledge. Abnormal karyotypes rate was 4.18% classified in two groups: bad prognosis (3.05%) and good prognosis (1.13%). Common amniocentesis indication was maternal age. The highest predictive value was observed in balanced karyotype and fetal ultrasound findings indications. Maternal serum markers were not commonly used for trisomy 21 screening. Pregnancy termination that is permitted by legal and religious authorities was accepted by 94,74% parents. Information about PND outcomes was given by genetic counselling prior to fetal sampling, pregnancy interruption was discussed with parents at cytogenetic result announcement. The authors conclude that in order to prevent mental and physical handicap related to cytogenetic disorders we have to promote PND by education for population, genetic counselling and fetal ultrasound screening; all three methods available in Tunisia.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Chaabouni
- Service des Maladies Héréditaires et Congénitales Hôpital Charles Nicolle 1006, Tunis, Tunisia.
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Abstract
We have studied maternal serum free beta-hCG and PAPP-A, and fetal nuchal translucency (NT) in a series of 46 cases of fetal Turner's syndrome, 13 cases of other sex chromosomal anomalies and compared these with 947 control pregnancies in the first trimester. In cases of Turner's syndrome (45,X) the median fetal NT was significantly higher than in controls (4.76 MoM), the median PAPP-A was significantly lower (0.49 MoM), whilst the free beta-hCG was not significantly different (1.11 MoM). For NT, 93% (43/46) of cases were equal to or greater than the 95th centile of controls, for PAPP-A 35% (16/46) of cases were less than or equal to the 5th centile of controls and for free beta-hCG 15% (7/46) of cases were equal to or greater than the 95th centile of controls. For other sex chromosomal anomalies (47XXX, XXY, XYY) the median NT was increased (2.07 MoM) whilst PAPP-A was not significantly decreased (0.88 MoM) and free beta-hCG was not significantly different (1.07 MoM) from controls. Using a previously derived multivariate risk algorithm for trisomy 21, incorporating NT, PAPP-A, free beta-hCG and maternal age, 96% of the Turner's cases and 62% of the other sex chromosomal anomalies would have been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Spencer
- Endocrine Unit, Clinical Biochemistry Department, Harold Wood Hospital, Gubbins Lane, Romford, Essex RM3 0BE, UK.
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