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He Y, Buch A, Morisson M, Szopa C, Freissinet C, Williams A, Millan M, Guzman M, Navarro-Gonzalez R, Bonnet J, Coscia D, Eigenbrode J, Malespin C, Mahaffy P, Glavin D, Dworkin J, Lu P, Johnson S. Application of TMAH thermochemolysis to the detection of nucleobases: Application to the MOMA and SAM space experiment. Talanta 2019; 204:802-811. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.06.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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2
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Ríos V, Prieto AI, Cameán AM, González-Vila FJ, de la Rosa JM, Vasconcelos V, González-Pérez JA. Detection of cylindrospermopsin toxin markers in cyanobacterial algal blooms using analytical pyrolysis (Py-GC/MS) and thermally-assisted hydrolysis and methylation (TCh-GC/MS). CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 108:175-182. [PMID: 24530162 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The hepatotoxin cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is produced by freshwater cyanobacteria becoming an emerging threat for human health. Methods for the rapid determination of CYN in environmental samples are needed. Conventional analytical pyrolysis (Py-GC/MS) and thermally-assisted hydrolysis and methylation (TCh-GC/MS) were used to study a CYN standard, two Aphanizomenon ovalisporum cultures (CYN+) and one culture of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (CYN-). A micro-furnace pyrolyzer was used directly attached to a GC/MS system fitted with a 30 m × 250 μm × 0.25 μm film thickness column (14% cyanopropyl phenyl, 86% dimethyl polysiloxane pahase composition). Oven temperature was held at 50 °C for 1 min and increased to 100 °C at 30 °C min(-1), from 100 °C to 300 °C at 10 °C min(-1), and stabilized at 300 °C for 10 min using helium (1 mL min(-1)) as carrier gas. Pyrolysis at 500 °C yield over 70 compounds with 20 specific for CYN+ samples. Two peaks containing a diagnostic fragment (m/z 194) were found at 25.0 and 28.9 min only in CYN+ samples. Fewer peaks with limited diagnostic value were released after TCh-GC/MS, including breakdown products and TMAH adducts. A compound was detected that may correspond to the CYN molecule (MW 415 Da) thermoevaporation product after the loss of SO3 (MW 80 Da). This TCh-GC/MS peak (m/z 336) together with the fragments obtained by conventional Py-GC/MS (m/z 194) are diagnostic ions with potential use for the direct detection of CYN toxin in environmental samples at last with an estimated 5 ppm detection threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Ríos
- Área de Toxicología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor García González, 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana I Prieto
- Área de Toxicología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor García González, 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana M Cameán
- Área de Toxicología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor García González, 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - F J González-Vila
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, IRNAS-CSIC, Av. Reina Mercedes, 10, 4012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - J M de la Rosa
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, IRNAS-CSIC, Av. Reina Mercedes, 10, 4012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- Marine and Environmental Research Centre (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas, m289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - J A González-Pérez
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, IRNAS-CSIC, Av. Reina Mercedes, 10, 4012 Sevilla, Spain.
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Analysis of cyclic pyrolysis products formed from amino acid monomer. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:8443-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Revised: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Curtis M, Minier MA, Chitranshi P, Sparkman OD, Jones PR, Xue L. Direct analysis in real time (DART) mass spectrometry of nucleotides and nucleosides: elucidation of a novel fragment [C5H5O]+ and its in-source adducts. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2010; 21:1371-1381. [PMID: 20451406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2010.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2009] [Revised: 02/04/2010] [Accepted: 03/30/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Direct analysis in real time (DART) mass spectrometry is a recently developed innovative technology, which has shown broad applications for fast and convenient analysis of complex samples. Due to the ease of sample preparation, we have recently initiated an investigation of the feasibility of detecting nucleotides and nucleosides using the DART-AccuTOF instrument, which we will refer to as the DART mass spectrometer. Our experimental results reveal that the ions representing the intact molecules of nucleotides are not detectable in either positive-ion or negative-ion mode. Instead, all four natural nucleotides fragment in the DART ion source, and a common fragment ion, [C(5)H(5)O](+) (1), is observed, which is probably formed via multiple-elimination reactions. Interestingly, 1 can form adducts with nucleobases in different molar ratios in the DART ion source. In contrast to nucleotides, the ions representing the intact molecules of nucleosides are detected in both positive-ion and negative-ion mode using DART mass spectrometry. Surprisingly, the fragmentation pattern of nucleosides is different from that of nucleotides in the DART ion source. In the cases of nucleosides (under positive-ion conditions), the production of 1 is not observed, indicating that the phosphate group plays an important role for the multiple eliminations observed in the spectra of nucleotides. The in-source reactions described in the present work show the complexity of the conditions in the DART ion source, and we hope that our results illustrate a better understanding about DART mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Curtis
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Pacific, Stockton, California 95211, USA
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Influence of the Structural Characteristics of Amino Acids on Direct Methylation Behaviors by TMAH in Pyrolysis. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2009. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2009.30.11.2542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Meetani MA, Shin YS, Zhang S, Mayer R, Basile F. Desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry of intact bacteria. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2007; 42:1186-93. [PMID: 17628040 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) mass spectrometry (MS) was used to differentiate seven bacteria species on the basis of their measured DESI-mass spectral profile. Both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria were tested and included Escherichia coli, Staphyloccocus aureus, Enterococcus sp., Bordetella bronchiseptica, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus subtilis and Salmonella typhimurium. Distinct DESI-mass spectra, in the mass range of 50-500 u, were obtained from whole bacteria in either positive or negative ion modes in less than 2 mins analysis time. Positive ion DESI-mass spectral fingerprints were compared using principal components analysis (PCA) to investigate reproducibility for the intraday and the day-to-day measurements and the method selectivity to differentiate the bacteria studied. Detailed study of variances in the assay revealed that a large contribution to the DESI-mass spectral fingerprint variation was the growth media preparation procedure. Specifically, experiments conducted with the growth media prepared using the same batch yielded highly reproducible DESI-mass spectra, both in intraday and in day-to-day analyses (i.e. one batch of growth media used over a 3-day period versus a new batch every day over the same 3-day period). Conclusions are drawn from our findings in terms of strategies for rapid biodetection with DESI-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Meetani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Pitthard V, Finch P, Bayerová T. Direct chemolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for analysis of paint materials. J Sep Sci 2004; 27:200-8. [PMID: 15334907 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200301617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A novel direct method using (m-trifluoromethylphenyl)trimethylammonium hydroxide (TFTMAH) has been developed for on-line (trans)esterification of lipidic materials (drying oils, egg) prior to GC-MS analysis. The method was first optimised by comparing three N-methylammonium hydroxide reagents (TMAH, PhTMAH, TFTMAH) and triolein as a lipid standard. Secondly, the procedure was tested on a series of fresh and naturally aged (up to 40 years) (un)pigmented drying oils and egg yolk reference film standards. Thirdly, the method was applied to the analysis of a sample from an altar painting "Resurrection of Christ" by Francesco Solimena (1723) from the Chapel of Upper Belvedere in Vienna. The relative proportions of the fatty acids from the translucent size layer confirm the presence of partially degraded oil, probably prepolymerised walnut oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Pitthard
- Centre for Chemical Science, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, TW20 0EX, UK.
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Halket JM, Zaikin VV. Derivatization in mass spectrometry-3. Alkylation (arylation). EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2004; 10:1-19. [PMID: 15100474 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The review is devoted to alkylation (arylation) as a widely employed derivatization procedure for the protection of OH (carboxylic acids, phosphoric acids, sulfonic acids, alcohols, polyols, phenols, enols), SH (thiols) and NH (amines, amides) groups in order to increase volatility, to improve the chromatographic properties and, if possible, mass spectral properties of derivatives. Chemical aspects of derivatization and various alkylation (arylation) reagents and reaction procedures are described. Specific mass spectral (electron ionization, chemical ionization) features of derivatives helpful in identification, structure elucidation, profiling and quantitative determination of the above-mentioned polar compounds by coupled gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography are discussed. Some common analytical applications of the procedures in organic chemistry, clinical chemistry, environmental chemistry etc. are briefly summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Halket
- Drug Control Centre, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, Stamford Street, London SE1 9NN, UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Drevin
- Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, 75184 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Differentiation and classification of user-specified bacterial groups by in situ thermal hydrolysis and methylation of whole bacterial cells with tert -butyl bromide chemical ionization ion trap mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(00)00952-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Basile F, Beverly MB, Abbas-Hawks C, Mowry CD, Voorhees KJ, Hadfield TL. Direct mass spectrometric analysis of in situ thermally hydrolyzed and methylated lipids from whole bacterial cells. Anal Chem 1998; 70:1555-62. [PMID: 9569765 DOI: 10.1021/ac970970d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were generated in situ, during pyrolysis, from whole-cell bacterial samples and analyzed by mass spectrometry (MS). The FAME profiles obtained by an in situ thermal hydrolysis methylation (THM) step were compared with gas chromatography (GC) and MS analyses of the chemically extracted and methylated fatty acids. This correlation was based on the ability of each technique to differentiate a representative group of 15 bacteria at the species level as predicted by principal component analysis. All three analyses, GC/FAME, pyrolysis-MS/FAME, and in situ THM-MS/FAME differentiated the studied bacterial sample set into three discrete clusters. The bacteria comprising each cluster were the same for all three analyses, showing that taxonomic information of the lipid profiles was preserved in the Py-MS/FAME and in situ THM-MS/FAME analyses of whole cells. Contributions from saturated, unsaturated, cyclopropyl, and branched bacterial fatty acids to the differentiation of microorganisms were identified for all three analyses. The in situ THM-MS/FAME approach is simple, requires small samples (approximately 2 x 10(6) cells/profile), and is rapid, with a total analysis time under 5 min/sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Basile
- Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden 80401-1887, USA
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Basile F, Beverly MB, Voorhees KJ, Hadfield TL. Pathogenic bacteria: their detection and differentiation by rapid lipid profiling with pyrolysis mass spectrometry. Trends Analyt Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0165-9936(97)00103-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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