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Chu C, Yan Y, Ma J, Jin S, Spinney R, Dionysiou DD, Zhang H, Xiao R. Implementation of laser flash photolysis for radical-induced reactions and environmental implications. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 244:120526. [PMID: 37672949 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Confronted with the imperative crisis of water quality deterioration, the pursuit of state-of-the-art decontamination technologies for a sustainable future never stops. Fitting into the framework of suitability, advanced oxidation processes have been demonstrated as powerful technologies to produce highly reactive radicals for the degradation of toxic and refractory contaminants. Therefore, investigations on their radical-induced degradation have been the subject of scientistic and engineering interests for decades. To better understand the transient nature of these radical species and rapid degradation processes, laser flash photolysis (LFP) has been considered as a viable and powerful technique due to its high temporal resolution and rapid response. Although a number of studies exploited LFP for one (or one class of) specific reaction(s), reactions of many possible contaminants with radicals are largely unknown. Therefore, there is a pressing need to critically review its implementation for kinetic quantification and mechanism elucidation. Within this context, we introduce the development process and milestones of LFP with emphasis on compositions and operation principles. We then compare the specificity and suitability of different spectral modes for monitoring radicals and their decay kinetics. Radicals with high environmental relevance, namely hydroxyl radical, sulfate radical, and reactive chlorine species, are selected, and we discuss their generation, detection, and implications within the frame of LFP. Finally, we highlight remaining challenges and future perspectives. This review aims to advance our understandings of the implementation of LFP in radical-induced transient processes, and yield new insights for extrapolating this pump-probe technique to make significant strides in environmental implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu Chu
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yiqi Yan
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Junye Ma
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Shengye Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Richard Spinney
- Environmental Engineering and Science Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45221, USA
| | - Dionysios D Dionysiou
- Environmental Engineering and Science Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45221, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Haijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Ruiyang Xiao
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China.
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Gao J, Seifert NA, Jäger W. A microwave spectroscopic and ab initio study of keto–enol tautomerism and isomerism in the cyclohexanone–water complex. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:12872-12880. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp01999e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Experimental structure and keto–enol conversion barrier of cyclohexanone–water from microwave spectroscopy and ab initio calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Gao
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
| | | | - Wolfgang Jäger
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
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3
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Denisov ET, Denisova TG. Reactivity of haloalkanes in their reactions with the chlorine atom. KINETICS AND CATALYSIS 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0023158417030041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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4
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Synergistic Effects of Micro-electrolysis-Photocatalysis on Water Treatment and Fish Performance in Saline Recirculating Aquaculture System. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45066. [PMID: 28345583 PMCID: PMC5366865 DOI: 10.1038/srep45066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A new physico-chemical process for TAN (total ammonia nitrogen) removal and disinfection is introduced in saline recirculating aquaculture system (RAS), in which the biofilter is replaced with an integrated electrolysis cell and an activated carbon filter. The electrolysis cell which is based on micro current electrolysis combined with UV-light was self-designed. After the fundamental research, a small pilot scale RAS was operated for 30 days to verify the technical feasibility. The system was stocked by 42 GIFT tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fish with the rearing density of 13 kg/m3. During the experiments, the TAN concentration remained below 1.0 mg/L. The nitrite concentration was lower than 0.2 mg/L and the nitrate concentration had increased continuously to 12.79 mg/L at the end. Furthermore, the concentration of residual chlorine in culture ponds remained below 0.3 mg/L, ORP maintained slight fluctuations in the range of 190~240 mV, and pH of the water showed the downtrend. Tilapia weight increased constantly to 339.3 ± 10 g. For disinfection, the active chlorine generated by electrochemical treatment caused Escherichia coli inactivation. Enzyme activity assay indicated that the activity of glutamate dehydrogenase, carbonic anhydrase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase increased within the normal range. The preliminary feasibility was verified by using this physico-chemical technology in the RAS.
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Aschmann SM, Atkinson R. Rate constants for the reactions of Cl atoms with a series of C6
-C10
cycloalkanes and cycloketones at 297 ± 2 K. INT J CHEM KINET 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.20743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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6
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Theoretical studies and rate constants calculation for the reactions of acetone with fluorine and bromine atoms. Theor Chem Acc 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-010-0848-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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7
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Romanias MN, Stefanopoulos VG, Papanastasiou DK, Papadimitriou VC, Papagiannakopoulos P. Temperature-dependent rate coefficients and mechanism for the gas-phase reaction of chlorine atoms with acetone. INT J CHEM KINET 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.20517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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8
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Zhang H, Zhang GL, Liu JY, Sun M, Liu B, Li ZS. Theoretical studies on the reactions of acetone with chlorine atom and methyl radical. Theor Chem Acc 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-007-0402-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Ji YM, Zhao XL, Liu JY, Wang Y, Li ZS. Theoretical dynamic studies on the reactions of CH3C(O)CH3−nCln (n = 0–3) with the chlorine atom. J Comput Chem 2008; 29:809-19. [PMID: 17894372 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.20825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The theoretical investigations were performed on the reaction mechanisms for the title reactions CH(3)C(O)CH(3) + Cl --> products (R1), CH(3)C(O)CH(2)Cl + Cl --> products (R2), CH(3)C(O)CHCl(2) + Cl --> products (R3), and CH(3)C(O)CCl(3) + Cl --> products (R4) by ab initio direct dynamics approach. Two different reaction channels have been found: abstract of the H atom from methyl (--CH(3)) group or chloromethyl (--CH(3-n)Cl(n)) group of chloroacetone and addition of a Cl atom to the carbon atom of the carbonyl group of chloroacetone followed by methyl or chloromethyl eliminations. Because of the higher potential energy barrier, the contribution of addition-elimination reaction pathway to the total rate constants is very small and thus this pathway is insignificant in atmospheric conditions. The rate constants for the H-abstraction reaction channels are evaluated by using canonical variational transition state theory incorporating with the small-curvature tunneling correction. Theoretical overall rate constants are in good agreement with the available experimental values and decrease in the order of k(1) > k(2) > k(3) > k(4). The results indicate that for halogenated acetones the substitution of halogen atom (F or Cl) leads to the decrease in the C--H bond reactivity and more decrease of reactivity is caused by F-substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Meng Ji
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130023, People's Republic of China
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Zhao Z, Huskey DT, Nicovich JM, Wine PH. Temperature-dependent kinetics study of the gas-phase reactions of atomic chlorine with acetone, 2-butanone, and 3-pentanone. INT J CHEM KINET 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.20321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Iwasaki E, Matsumi Y, Takahashi K, Wallington TJ, Hurley M, Orlando JJ, Kaiser EW, Calvert JG. Atmospheric chemistry of cyclohexanone: UV spectrum and kinetics of reaction with chlorine atoms. INT J CHEM KINET 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.20291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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12
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Kaiser EW, Wallington TJ. Rate Constants for the Reaction of Cl with a Series of C4 to C6 Ketones Using the Relative Rate Method. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:10667-70. [PMID: 17914780 DOI: 10.1021/jp075088i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Rate constants for the reaction of Cl with eight ketones were measured relative to the rate constant of propane in approximately 900 Torr of N2 at ambient temperature. Experiments were carried out in a Pyrex reactor with GC analysis of the consumption of the ketones and propane. Chlorine atoms were generated by irradiation of Cl2 in the initial mixture using a black-light-blue fluorescent lamp. The rate constants determined in these experiments (10-11 cm3 molecule-1 s-1) are: butanone (3.8 +/- 0.3); 2-pentanone (11.6 +/- 1.0); 3-pentanone (8.3 +/- 0.7); 2-hexanone (19.4 +/- 1.9); 3-hexanone (15.3 +/- 1.1); cyclopentanone (10.4 +/- 0.9); 3-methyl-2-butanone (6.2 +/- 0.5); and 4-methyl-2-pentanone (12.8 +/- 1.0). The results for 2-pentanone, 3-pentanone, 2-hexanone, 3-hexanone, 3-methyl-2-butanone, and 4-methyl-2-pentanone are significantly higher (by a factor of 3 for 2-hexanone) than reported in two previous absolute rate studies. The likely explanation for this discrepancy is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E W Kaiser
- Department of Natural Sciences, 4901 Evergreen Road, University of Michigan - Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan 48128, USA.
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Takahashi K, Iwasaki E, Matsumi Y, Wallington TJ. Pulsed Laser Photolysis Vacuum UV Laser-Induced Fluorescence Kinetic Study of the Gas-Phase Reactions of Cl( 2P 3/2) Atoms with C 3−C 6 Ketones. J Phys Chem A 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/jp074638+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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14
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Iwasaki E, Taketani F, Takahashi K, Matsumi Y, Wallington T, Hurley M. Mechanism of the gas phase reaction of chlorine atoms with butanone. Chem Phys Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.03.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Takahashi K, Iwasaki E, Matsumi Y, Wallington TJ. Pulsed Laser Photolysis Vacuum UV Laser-Induced Fluorescence Kinetic Study of the Gas-Phase Reactions of Cl(2P3/2) Atoms with C3−C6 Ketones. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:1271-6. [PMID: 17266289 DOI: 10.1021/jp066410c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The gas-phase reactions of Cl atoms with acetone, butanone, 2-pentanone, 3-pentanone, 2-hexanone, 3-hexanone, and cyclopentanone at 295 +/- 2 K were studied using pulsed laser photolysis vacuum UV laser-induced fluorescence (PLP-LIF) techniques. Cl(2P(3/2)) atoms were produced by photolysis of Cl2 at 351 nm and monitored by LIF spectroscopy at 134.72 nm (3p(5) 2P(3/2)-3p(4)4s 2P(3/2) transition). Rate coefficients for reactions of Cl atoms with acetone, butanone, 2-pentanone, 3-pentanone, 2-hexanone, 3-hexanone, and cyclopentanone are (2.30 +/- 0.12) x 10(-12), (4.08 +/- 0.21) x 10(-11), (1.23 +/- 0.13) x 10(-10), (8.87 +/- 0.92) x 10(-11), (2.08 +/- 0.32) x 10(-10), (1.43 +/- 0.19) x 10(-10) and (1.16 +/- 0.12) x 10(-10) cm3 molecule(-1) s(-1), respectively. The results for acetone and butanone are consistent with previous studies. The results for 2-pentanone, 3-pentanone, 2-hexanone, and 3-hexanone are approximately a factor of 2-3 higher than those from previous absolute rate studies. Likely explanations for these discrepancies are discussed. Tropospheric lifetimes of ketones with respect to reaction with Cl atoms are estimated and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenshi Takahashi
- Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory and Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, 3-13 Hohohara, Toyokawa, Aichi 442-8507, Japan.
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Cuevas CA, Notario A, Martínez E, Albaladejo J. A kinetic study of the reaction of Cl with a series of linear and ramified ketones as a function of temperature. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2004. [DOI: 10.1039/b313587j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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17
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Notario A, Mellouki A, Le Bras G. Rate constants for the gas-phase reactions of chlorine atoms with a series of ketones. INT J CHEM KINET 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4601(2000)32:1<62::aid-jck7>3.0.co;2-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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18
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Christensen LK, Ball JC, Wallington TJ. Atmospheric Oxidation Mechanism of Methyl Acetate. J Phys Chem A 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp993127n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. K. Christensen
- Ford Research Laboratory, SRL-3083, Ford Motor Company, P.O. Box 2053, Dearborn, Michigan 48121-2053
| | - J. C. Ball
- Ford Research Laboratory, SRL-3083, Ford Motor Company, P.O. Box 2053, Dearborn, Michigan 48121-2053
| | - T. J. Wallington
- Ford Research Laboratory, SRL-3083, Ford Motor Company, P.O. Box 2053, Dearborn, Michigan 48121-2053
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Christensen LK, Sehested J, Nielsen OJ, Wallington TJ, Guschin A, Hurley MD. Kinetics and Mechanism of the Reactions of 2,3-Butadione with F and Cl Atoms, UV Absorption Spectra of CH3C(O)C(O)CH2· and CH3C(O)C(O)CH2O2· Radicals, and Atmospheric Fate of CH3C(O)C(O)CH2O· Radicals. J Phys Chem A 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp982431y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Notario A, Le Bras G, Mellouki A. Absolute Rate Constants for the Reactions of Cl Atoms with a Series of Esters. J Phys Chem A 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp980416n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Notario
- Laboratoire de Combustion et Systèmes Réactifs, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Georges Le Bras
- Laboratoire de Combustion et Systèmes Réactifs, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Abdelwahid Mellouki
- Laboratoire de Combustion et Systèmes Réactifs, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France
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Wallington TJ, Guschin A, Hurley MD. Comment:A kinetic study of chlorine radical reactions with ketones by laser-photolysis technique by Olsson et al. INT J CHEM KINET 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4601(1998)30:4<309::aid-kin10>3.0.co;2-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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