3
|
Schütt J, Schieberle P. Quantitation of Nine Lactones in Dairy Cream by Stable Isotope Dilution Assays Based on Novel Syntheses of Carbon-13-Labeled γ-Lactones and Deuterium-Labeled δ-Lactones in Combination with Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography with Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:10534-10541. [PMID: 29111714 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Lactones are well-known aroma compounds in, e.g., fruits and fermented foods as well as in dairy products, such as cream or milk powders. The latter are often used in confectionary products, e.g., milk chocolate. Lactones are suggested to contribute to the distinct aroma of dairy products and have also been reported in milk chocolate. However, data on their contribution to the overall aroma of this type of chocolate are scarce. As a result of their pH-dependent instability and their low volatility, a reliable quantitation of lactones is a challenge. Thus, to allow for a quantitation of nine lactones in one single comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry in electron ionization mode run, new synthetic routes were developed for five carbon-13-labeled γ-lactones and four deuterium-labeled δ-lactones, with the isotope label in the ring to be used in stable isotope dilution assays. The concentrations of the nine lactones were then analyzed in raw and pasteurized cream as well as in a heat-treated raw cream. δ-Dodecalactone and δ-decalactone showed the highest concentrations in both the raw and pasteurized cream. In the latter, δ-dodecalactone reached a 2.5-fold higher concentration compared to the raw cream. Subsequent heat treatments in a lab scale showed a further increase by factors of 13 and 19, respectively, suggesting a high potential of lactone precursors in cream. The results serve as a basis for further studies on lactone formation in other thermally processed products, such as milk chocolate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Schütt
- Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Lebensmittelchemie Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Peter Schieberle
- Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Lebensmittelchemie Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hatano A, Shiraishi M, Terado N, Tanabe A, Fukuda K. Enzymatic synthesis and RNA interference of nucleosides incorporating stable isotopes into a base moiety. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:6683-8. [PMID: 26404411 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Thymidine phosphorylase was used to catalyze the conversion of thymidine (or methyluridine) and uracil incorporating stable isotopes to deoxyuridine (or uridine) with the uracil base incorporating the stable isotope. These base-exchange reactions proceeded with high conversion rates (75-96%), and the isolated yields were also good (64-87%). The masses of all synthetic compounds incorporating stable isotopes were identical to the theoretical molecular weights via EIMS. (13)C NMR spectra showed spin-spin coupling between (13)C and (15)N in the synthetic compounds, and the signals were split, further proving incorporation of the isotopes into the compounds. The RNA interference effects of this siRNA with uridine incorporating stable isotopes were also investigated. A 25mer siRNA had a strong knockdown effect on the MARCKS protein. The insertion position and number of uridine moieties incorporating stable isotopes introduced into the siRNA had no influence on the silencing of the target protein. This incorporation of stable isotopes into RNA and DNA has the potential to function as a chemically benign tracer in cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Hatano
- Department of Chemistry, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama 337-8570, Japan.
| | - Mitsuya Shiraishi
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Nanae Terado
- Department of Chemistry, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Tanabe
- Department of Chemistry, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
| | - Kenji Fukuda
- Taiyo Nippon Sanso Corp., 10 Okubo, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaragi 300-2611, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abello N, Geurink PP, Toorn MVD, Oosterhout AJMV, Lugtenburg J, Marel GAVD, Kerstjens HAM, Postma DS, Overkleeft HS, Bischoff R. Poly(ethylene glycol)-Based Stable Isotope Labeling Reagents for the Quantitative Analysis of Low Molecular Weight Metabolites by LC−MS. Anal Chem 2008; 80:9171-80. [DOI: 10.1021/ac801215c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Abello
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands, and Laboratory of Allergology and Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul P. Geurink
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands, and Laboratory of Allergology and Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marco van der Toorn
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands, and Laboratory of Allergology and Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Antoon J. M. van Oosterhout
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands, and Laboratory of Allergology and Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Lugtenburg
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands, and Laboratory of Allergology and Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs A. van der Marel
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands, and Laboratory of Allergology and Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Huib A. M. Kerstjens
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands, and Laboratory of Allergology and Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirkje S. Postma
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands, and Laboratory of Allergology and Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hermen S. Overkleeft
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands, and Laboratory of Allergology and Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rainer Bischoff
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands, and Laboratory of Allergology and Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Horinouchi N, Ogawa J, Kawano T, Sakai T, Saito K, Matsumoto S, Sasaki M, Mikami Y, Shimizu S. Biochemical retrosynthesis of 2′-deoxyribonucleosides from glucose, acetaldehyde, and a nucleobase. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2005; 71:615-21. [PMID: 16283293 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-005-0205-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2005] [Revised: 09/15/2005] [Accepted: 09/23/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
2'-Deoxyribonucleosides are important as building blocks for the synthesis of antisense drugs, antiviral nucleosides, and 2'-deoxyribonucleotides for polymerase chain reaction. The microbial production of 2'-deoxyribonucleosides from simple materials, glucose, acetaldehyde, and a nucleobase, through the reverse reactions of 2'-deoxyribonucleoside degradation and the glycolytic pathway, was investigated. The glycolytic pathway of baker's yeast yielded fructose 1,6-diphosphate from glucose using the energy of adenosine 5'-triphosphate generated from adenosine 5'-monophosphate through alcoholic fermentation with the yeast. Fructose 1,6-diphosphate was further transformed to 2-deoxyribose 5-phosphate in the presence of acetaldehyde by deoxyriboaldolase-expressing Escherichia coli cells via D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. E. coli transformants expressing phosphopentomutase and nucleoside phosphorylase produced 2'-deoxyribonucleosides from 2-deoxyribose 5-phosphate and a nucleobase via 2-deoxyribose 1-phosphate through the reverse reactions of 2'-deoxyribonucleoside degradation. Coupling of the glycolytic pathway and deoxyriboaldolase-catalyzing reaction efficiently supplied 2-deoxyribose 5-phosphate, which is a key intermediate for 2'-deoxyribonucleoside synthesis. 2'-Deoxyinosine (9.9 mM) was produced from glucose, acetaldehyde, and adenine through three-step reactions via fructose 1,6-diphosphate and then 2-deoxyribose 5-phosphate, the molar yield as to glucose being 17.8%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Horinouchi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
van Dam L, Ouwerkerk N, Brinkmann A, Raap J, Levitt MH. Solid-state NMR determination of sugar ring pucker in (13)C-labeled 2'-deoxynucleosides. Biophys J 2002; 83:2835-44. [PMID: 12414715 PMCID: PMC1302367 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(02)75292-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The H3'-C3'-C4'-H4' torsional angles of two microcrystalline 2'-deoxynucleosides, thymidine and 2'-deoxycytidine.HCl, doubly (13)C-labeled at the C3' and C4' positions of the sugar ring, have been measured by solid-state magic-angle-spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). A double-quantum heteronuclear local field experiment with frequency-switched Lee-Goldberg homonuclear decoupling was used. The H3'-C3'-C4'-H4' torsional angles were obtained by comparing the experimental curves with numerical simulations, including the two (13)C nuclei, the directly bonded (1)H nuclei, and five remote protons. The H3'-C3'-C4'-H4' angles were converted into sugar pucker angles and compared with crystallographic data. The delta torsional angles determined by solid-state NMR and x-ray crystallography agree within experimental error. Evidence is also obtained that the proton positions may be unreliable in the x-ray structures. This work confirms that double-quantum solid-state NMR is a feasible tool for studying sugar pucker conformations in macromolecular complexes that are unsuitable for solution NMR or crystallography.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorens van Dam
- Physical Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|