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Chung MC, Su LJ, Chen CL, Wu LC. AI-assisted literature exploration of innovative Chinese medicine formulas. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1347882. [PMID: 38584602 PMCID: PMC10995307 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1347882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: Our study provides an innovative approach to exploring herbal formulas that contribute to the promotion of sustainability and biodiversity conservation. We employ data mining, integrating keyword extraction, association rules, and LSTM-based generative models to analyze classical Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) texts. We systematically decode classical Chinese medical literature, conduct statistical analyses, and link these historical texts with modern pharmacogenomic references to explore potential alternatives. Methods: We present a novel iterative keyword extraction approach for discerning diverse herbs in historical TCM texts from the Pu-Ji Fang copies. Utilizing association rules, we uncover previously unexplored herb pairs. To bridge classical TCM herbal pairs with modern genetic relationships, we conduct gene-herb searches in PubMed and statistically validate this genetic literature as supporting evidence. We have expanded on the present work by developing a generative language model for suggesting innovative TCM formulations based on textual herb combinations. Results: We collected associations with 7,664 PubMed cross-search entries for gene-herb and 934 for Shenqifuzheng Injection as a positive control. We analyzed 16,384 keyword combinations from Pu-Ji Fang's 426 volumes, employing statistical methods to probe gene-herb associations, focusing on examining differences among the target genes and Pu-Ji Fang herbs. Conclusion: Analyzing Pu-Ji Fang reveals a historical focus on flavor over medicinal aspects in TCM. We extend our work on developing a generative model from classical textual keywords to rapidly produces novel herbal compositions or TCM formulations. This integrated approach enhances our comprehension of TCM by merging ancient text analysis, modern genetic research, and generative modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Chi Chung
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Central University (NCU), Jhong-Li City, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jen Su
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Central University (NCU), Jhong-Li City, Taiwan
- Education and Research Center for Technology Assisted Substance Abuse Prevention and Management, National Central University (NCU), Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Core Facilities for High Throughput Experimental Analysis, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University (NCU), Taoyuan, Taiwan
- IIHMED Reproductive Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Tian Medicine Phamaceutical Company Ltd., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Lin Chen
- IIHMED Reproductive Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ching Wu
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Central University (NCU), Jhong-Li City, Taiwan
- Education and Research Center for Technology Assisted Substance Abuse Prevention and Management, National Central University (NCU), Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Mao J, Zhang J, Lam CSP, Zhu M, Yao C, Chen S, Liu Z, Wang F, Wang Y, Dai X, Niu T, An D, Miao Y, Xu T, Dong B, Ma X, Zhang F, Wang X, Fan R, Zhao Y, Jiang T, Zhang Y, Wang X, Hou Y, Zhao Z, Su Q, Zhang J, Wang B, Zhang B. Qishen Yiqi dripping pills for chronic ischaemic heart failure: results of the CACT-IHF randomized clinical trial. ESC Heart Fail 2020; 7:3881-3890. [PMID: 32954647 PMCID: PMC7754900 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Qishen Yiqi dripping pills (QSYQ) may be beneficial in patients with ischaemic heart failure (IHF). We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of QSYQ administered together with guideline‐directed medical therapy in patients with IHF. Methods and results This prospective randomized, double‐blind, multicentre placebo‐controlled study enrolled 640 patients with IHF between March 2012 and August 2014. Patients were randomly assigned to receive 6 months of QSYQ or placebo in addition to standard treatment. The primary outcome was 6 min walking distance at 6 months. Among the 638 IHF patients (mean age 65 years, 72% men), the 6 min walking distance increased from 336.15 ± 100.84 to 374.47 ± 103.09 m at 6 months in the QSYQ group, compared with 334.40 ± 100.27 to 340.71 ± 104.57 m in the placebo group (mean change +38.32 vs. +6.31 m respectively; P < 0.001). The secondary outcomes in composite clinical events, including all‐cause mortality and emergency treatment/hospitalization due to heart failure, were non‐significantly lower at 6 months with QSYQ compared with placebo (13% vs. 17%; P = 0.45), and the change of brain natriuretic peptide was non‐significantly greater with QSYQ compared with placebo (median change −14.55 vs. −12.30 pg/mL, respectively; P = 0.21). By contrast, the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire score significantly improved with QSYQ compared with placebo (−11.78 vs. −9.17; P = 0.004). Adverse events were minor and infrequent with QSYQ, similar to the placebo group. Conclusions Treatment with QSYQ for 6 months in addition to standard therapy improved exercise tolerance of IHF patients and was well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Mao
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Fuwai Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Carolyn S P Lam
- National Heart Centre Singapore and Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore.,University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mingjun Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan, China
| | - Chen Yao
- Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | | | - Zhongyong Liu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fengrong Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liaoning, China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaohua Dai
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Anhui, China
| | - Tianfu Niu
- Shanxi Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Shanxi, China
| | - Dongqing An
- Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yang Miao
- Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guizhou, China
| | - Bo Dong
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaofeng Ma
- Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hunan, China
| | - Fengru Zhang
- Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Shuguang Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruihong Fan
- Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingqiang Zhao
- Second Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Tiemin Jiang
- Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuhui Zhang
- Fuwai Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xianliang Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yazhu Hou
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhao
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Quan Su
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Junhua Zhang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Baohe Wang
- Second Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Boli Zhang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Yang HC, Iqbal U, Nguyen PA, Lin SH, Huang CW, Jian WS, Li YC. An automated technique to identify potential inappropriate traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescriptions. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2016; 25:422-30. [DOI: 10.1002/pds.3976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan-Chia Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics; National Yang Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine Science and Technology; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
- International Center for Health Information Technology (ICHIT); Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Usman Iqbal
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine Science and Technology; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
- International Center for Health Information Technology (ICHIT); Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Phung Anh Nguyen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine Science and Technology; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
- International Center for Health Information Technology (ICHIT); Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Shen-Hsien Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine Science and Technology; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
- International Center for Health Information Technology (ICHIT); Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine Science and Technology; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
- International Center for Health Information Technology (ICHIT); Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Wen-Shan Jian
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine Science and Technology; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
- International Center for Health Information Technology (ICHIT); Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
- School of Health Care Administration; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
- College of Management; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
- Faculty of Health Sciences; Macau University of Science and Technology; Macau China
| | - Yu-Chuan Li
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine Science and Technology; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
- International Center for Health Information Technology (ICHIT); Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology; Wan Fang Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
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Liu L, Zhang Y, Yun Z, He B, Jiang G. Estimation of bioaccessibility and potential human health risk of mercury in Chinese patent medicines. J Environ Sci (China) 2016; 39:37-44. [PMID: 26899642 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg), mainly in cinnabar species, has been used in medicine for thousands of years in China, and worldwide concern has been raised on its toxicity. In this work, the amount of bioaccessible mercury in 16 Chinese patent medicines (CPMs) was measured by using an in vitro simulated digestion system, consisting of simulated gastric and intestinal fluid, to investigate the bioavailability of mercury in CPMs and evaluate its potential risk to human health. Total mercury and mercury in the gastrointestinal extracts were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The levels of total Hg in 16 CPMs ranged from not detected to 11.89 mg/g, with a mean value of 1.13 mg/g, while the extractable Hg ranged from not detected to 4.37 μg/g, with a mean value of 0.42 μg/g. Mercury bioaccessibility varied significantly in the investigated CPMs, depending on the ingredient. Compared to the CPMs without cinnabar (2.5%-30.9%), the percentage of mercury in the gastrointestinal supernatants for CPMs with cinnabar was quite a bit lower (0.037%). By comparing with the Food and Agricultural Organization/World Health Organization Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives (FAO/WHO) safety guideline, the average daily intake dose (ADD) of Hg in the medicines was then calculated to access the risk of mercury to human health from taking CPMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Zhaojun Yun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Bin He
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
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Fung FY, Linn YC. Developing traditional chinese medicine in the era of evidence-based medicine: current evidences and challenges. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2015; 2015:425037. [PMID: 25949261 DOI: 10.1155/2015/425037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Evidence-based medicine (EBM), by integrating individual clinical expertise with the best available clinical evidence from systematic research, has in recent years been established as the standard of modern medical practice for greater treatment efficacy and safety. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), on the other hand, evolved as a system of medical practice from ancient China more than 2000 years ago based on empirical knowledge as well as theories and concepts which are yet to be mapped by scientific equivalents. Despite the expanding TCM usage and the recognition of its therapeutic benefits worldwide, the lack of robust evidence from the EBM perspective is hindering acceptance of TCM by the Western medicine community and its integration into mainstream healthcare. For TCM to become an integral component of the healthcare system so that its benefits can be rationally harnessed in the best interests of patients, it is essential for TCM to demonstrate its efficacy and safety by high-level evidence in accordance with EBM, though much debate remains on the validity and feasibility of applying the EBM model on this traditional practice. This review aims to discuss the current status of research in TCM, explore the evidences available on its efficacy and safety, and highlight the issues and challenges faced in applying EBM to TCM.
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Xu Q, Bauer R, Hendry BM, Fan TP, Zhao Z, Duez P, Simmonds MSJ, Witt CM, Lu A, Robinson N, Guo DA, Hylands PJ. The quest for modernisation of traditional Chinese medicine. BMC Complement Altern Med 2013; 13:132. [PMID: 23763836 PMCID: PMC3689083 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an integral part of mainstream medicine in China. Due to its worldwide use, potential impact on healthcare and opportunities for new drug development, TCM is also of great international interest. Recently, a new era for modernisation of TCM was launched with the successful completion of the Good Practice in Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in the Post-genomic Era (GP-TCM) project, the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) coordination action on TCM research. This 3.5-year project that involved inputs from over 200 scientists resulted in the production of 20 editorials and in-depth reviews on different aspects of TCM that were published in a special issue of Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2012; volume 140, issue 3). In this narrative review, we aim to summarise the findings of the FP7 GP-TCM project and highlight the relevance of TCM to modern medicine within a historical and international context. Advances in TCM research since the 1950s can be characterised into three phases: Phase I (1950s-1970s) was fundamental for developing TCM higher education, research and hospital networks in China; Phase II (1980s-2000s) was critical for developing legal, economic and scientific foundations and international networks for TCM; and Phase III (2011 onwards) is concentrating on consolidating the scientific basis and clinical practice of TCM through interdisciplinary, interregional and intersectoral collaborations. Taking into account the quality and safety requirements newly imposed by a globalised market, we especially highlight the scientific evidence behind TCM, update the most important milestones and pitfalls, and propose integrity, integration and innovation as key principles for further modernisation of TCM. These principles will serve as foundations for further research and development of TCM, and for its future integration into tomorrow's medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihe Xu
- King's College London, Department of Renal Medicine, London, UK
| | - Rudolf Bauer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Bruce M Hendry
- King's College London, Department of Renal Medicine, London, UK
| | - Tai-Ping Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zhongzhen Zhao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pierre Duez
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Bromatology and Human Nutrition, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Claudia M Witt
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Aiping Lu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nicola Robinson
- Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London, UK
| | - De-an Guo
- Shanghai Research Centre for TCM Modernisation, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Peter J Hylands
- King's College London, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, London, UK
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Shih WT, Yang YH, Chen PC. Prescription patterns of chinese herbal products for osteoporosis in taiwan: a population-based study. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2012; 2012:752837. [PMID: 23093986 DOI: 10.1155/2012/752837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 09/22/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) includes Chinese herbal products (CHPs), acupuncture, and traumatology manipulative therapies. TCM physicians often prescribe CHP to treat patients with osteoporosis; however, the drugs used and their patterns of prescriptions have yet to be characterized. This study, therefore, aimed to evaluate the CHP used for the treatment of osteoporosis in Taiwan and their prescription patterns. Methods. A cohort of one million randomly sampled cases from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) was analyzed to evaluate the frequencies and percentages of herbal formula and single herb prescriptions for osteoporosis. Association rules were then applied to evaluate the CHP coprescription patterns and the prevalence of osteoporosis. Results. The osteoporosis cohort included 16 544 patients, of whom more than 70% had used TCM on one or more occasion. Of these patients, 4 292 (25.9%) had been hospitalized at least once because of fracture. Du-Huo-Ji-Sheng-Tang and Du Zhong (Cortex Eucommiae) were the most frequently prescribed herbal formula and single herb, respectively, for the treatment of osteoporosis. Conclusion. This study identified patterns of CHP use for the treatment of osteoporosis. However, further research is required to fully elucidate the efficacy and safety of these CHP.
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Yang YH, Chen PC, Wang JD, Lee CH, Lai JN. Prescription pattern of traditional Chinese medicine for climacteric women in Taiwan. Climacteric 2009; 12:541-7. [DOI: 10.3109/13697130903060081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Demand for and use of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been growing steadily in Australia. This article outlines the growth of TCM in usage, research capacity, and availability of tertiary training. However, there are continuing challenges, institutional recognition of TCM is lagging behind consumer demand, and there is little TCM practiced in the Australian public health system. This article suggests some possible reasons. The tools of evidence-based medicine (EBM) have the potential to provide a bridge between, and a common language for, TCM and Western biomedicine (WB) researchers and practitioners. CONCLUSIONS While there is no sign of a slowing in consumer demand for TCM services, EBM has the potential to increase the legitimacy and institutional recognition of TCM, thereby encouraging the integration of TCM into the Australian health care system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshu Zhu
- Center for Complementary Medicine Research, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South DC, New South Wales 1797, Australia.
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Guo M, Su X, Kong L, Li X, Zou H. Characterization of interaction property of multicomponents in Chinese Herb with protein by microdialysis combined with HPLC. Anal Chim Acta 2006; 556:183-8. [PMID: 17723347 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2005.07.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2005] [Revised: 06/21/2005] [Accepted: 07/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Interaction of traditional Chinese Herb Rhizoma Chuanxiong and protein was studied by microdialysis coupled with high performance liquid chromatography. Compounds in Rhizoma Chuanxiong, such as ferulic acid, senkyunolide A and 3-butylphthalide, were identified by HPLC, HPLC-MS and UV-vis. Microdialysis recoveries and binding degrees of compounds in Rhizoma Chuanxiong with human serum albumin (HSA) and other human plasma protein were determined: recoveries of microdialysis sampling ranged from 36.7 to 98.4% with R.S.D. below 3.1%; while binding to HSA ranged from 0 to 91.5% (0.3mM HSA) and from 0 to 93.5% (0.6mM HSA), respectively. Compared with HSA, most of compounds bound to human blood serum more extensively and the results showed that binding of these compounds in Rhizoma Chuanxiong was influenced by pH. Two compounds were found to bind to HSA and human blood serum, their binding degrees were consistent with ferulic acid and 3-butylphthalide, the active compounds in Rhizoma Chuangxiong.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Guo
- National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 161, Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116011, China.
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Melchart D, Hager S, Hager U, Liao J, Weidenhammer W, Linde K. Treatment of patients with chronic headaches in a hospital for traditional Chinese medicine in Germany. A randomised, waiting list controlled trial. Complement Ther Med 2005; 12:71-8. [PMID: 15561516 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2004.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effectiveness of a clinical treatment program with traditional Chinese medicine for migraine and tension-type headache. METHODS Ninety-one patients with migraine, episodic or chronic tension-type headache according to the criteria of the International Headache Society were randomised into an experimental or a waiting list control group. Patients in the experimental group were treated 4 weeks in a hospital for traditional Chinese medicine after a baseline period of one month. Patients in the waiting list group continued their previous headache treatment. Main outcome measure was the difference in the number of days with headache of at least moderate intensity during baseline (month 1) and month 7. RESULTS The difference in the number of days with headache of at least moderate intensity was 5.6 (S.D., 6.1) days in the experimental group and 1.2 (S.D., 4.5) days in the waiting list group (P <0.001). A reduction of more than 50% in headache days was observed in 52% of the patients in the experimental group and 16% in the waiting list group. Patients with migraine and a combination of migraine and episodic tension-type headaches improved more than patients with other headaches. CONCLUSION The results of this study indicate that treatment in the hospital for traditional Chinese medicine in Kotzting is associated with lasting improvements in the majority of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Melchart
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Centre for Complementary Medicine Research, Technische Universität München, Kaiserstr. 9, 80801 Munich, Germany
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study quantifies and compares patient characteristics in outpatient acupuncture. SETTING/DESIGN Prospective primary source evidence was gathered at two prominent outpatient acupuncture clinics in Beijing, China (n = 563, n = 233). RESULTS The most common condition was Bell's palsy, which represented 20.6% and 25.3% of total cases at the two clinics, respectively. The second most common condition was cerebrovascular accident (CVA) rehabilitation. These treatments represented 11.9% and 12.0% of treatments at the two clinics, respectively. Other trends at the clinics included the following: (1) neurologic complaints predominated; (2) doctors see a large number of patients per day; (3) the majority of patients overall were female; while (4) the majority of patients treated for CVAs rehabilitation were male. As cultural and socioeconomic differences in perceptions of acupuncture exist between peoples of different countries, this study also compared patient main complaints in China to available data on acupuncture patients seen in other parts of China, Germany, the United Kingdom, Australia, and the United States. Except for the German clinic data, Western clinic acupuncturists saw more musculoskeletal complaints compared to China, where neurologic complaints predominated. Another significant difference between Asian and Western clinics was the number of patients seen per hour. While acupuncturists were reported to see 1.2 patients per hour in U. S. clinics, acupuncturists at the two Beijing, China, clinics saw 7.0 and 10.4 patients per hour, respectively. CONCLUSION The main complaints seen in acupuncture outpatient clinics throughout the world likely result from a combination of inherent disease prevalence as well as patients' attitudes toward what acupuncture can treat successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly Napadow
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA.
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