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Lin CC, Wu PT, Chang CW, Lin RW, Wang GJ, Jou IM, Lai KA. A single-pulsed electromagnetic field enhances collagen synthesis in tendon cells. Med Eng Phys 2020; 77:130-136. [PMID: 31954614 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Tendinopathy is a progressive pathology of tendon that is characteristic of imbalance between matrix synthesis and degeneration and is often caused by failure to adapt to mechanical loading. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDS) are used as a conventional treatment to alleviate pain and swelling in the short term, but the ideal treatment for tendinopathy remains unclear. Here, we show a single pulsed electromagnetic field (SPEMF, 0.2 Hz) that up-regulated tenogenic gene expression (Col1a1, Col3a1, Scx, Dcn) and down-regulated inflammatory gene expression (Mmp1) in vitro. After five days of SPEMF stimulation (3 min/day), the collagen type I and total collagen synthesis protein levels were significantly increased. Under pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1β) irritation, the decreased expression of Col1a1/Col3a1 was up-regulated by SPEMF treatment, and the increased expression of Mmp1 was also reversed. From the above, it can be inferred that SPEMF that enhances matrix synthesis and reduces matrix degeneration may counteract the imbalance in tendinopathy. SPEMF application may be developed as a potential future strategy for therapeutic intervention in tendon disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chun Lin
- Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Orthopedics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ting Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Chang
- Department of Orthopedics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Wei Lin
- Institute of Food Safety Management, College of Agriculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Gwo-Jaw Wang
- Departments of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - I-Ming Jou
- Department of Orthopedics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-An Lai
- Department of Orthopedics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Herrala M, Naarala J, Juutilainen J. Assessment of induced genomic instability in rat primary astrocytes exposed to intermediate frequency magnetic fields. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 173:112-116. [PMID: 30903815 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We investigated whether exposure to intermediate frequency magnetic fields (IF MFs) could induce or enhance genomic instability in primary astrocytes. Rat primary astrocytes were exposed to vertical or horizontal 7.5 kHz, 300 μT MF for 24 h. To study possible combined effects with known genotoxic agents, the cells were exposed for 3 h to menadione or methyl methanesulfonate after the MF treatment. Induced genomic instability was evaluated 36 days after exposures using the Comet assay and flow cytometric scoring of micronuclei. Exposure to 7.5 kHz, 300 μT MF did not induce genomic instability alone or in combination with chemicals in measurements performed several cell generations after exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikko Herrala
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Jonne Naarala
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jukka Juutilainen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Portelli LA, Falldorf K, Thuróczy G, Cuppen J. Retrospective estimation of the electric and magnetic field exposure conditions in in vitro experimental reports reveal considerable potential for uncertainty. Bioelectromagnetics 2017; 39:231-243. [PMID: 29171034 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Experiments on cell cultures exposed to extremely low frequency (ELF, 3-300 Hz) magnetic fields are often subject to multiple sources of uncertainty associated with specific electric and magnetic field exposure conditions. Here we systemically quantify these uncertainties based on exposure conditions described in a group of bioelectromagnetic experimental reports for a representative sampling of the existing literature. The resulting uncertainties, stemming from insufficient, ambiguous, or erroneous description, design, implementation, or validation of the experimental methods and systems, were often substantial enough to potentially make any successful reproduction of the original experimental conditions difficult or impossible. Without making any assumption about the true biological relevance of ELF electric and magnetic fields, these findings suggest another contributing factor which may add to the overall variability and irreproducibility traditionally associated with experimental results of in vitro exposures to low-level ELF magnetic fields. Bioelectromagnetics. 39:231-243, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas A Portelli
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado.,The Foundation for Research on Information Technologies in Society (IT'IS), Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - György Thuróczy
- National Research Institute for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jan Cuppen
- Immunent B.V. and Neiding B.V., Veldhoven, The Netherlands
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Hassan N, Chatterjee I, Publicover NG, Craviso GL. Numerical study of induced current perturbations in the vicinity of excitable cells exposed to extremely low frequency magnetic fields. Phys Med Biol 2003; 48:3277-93. [PMID: 14620058 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/48/20/002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Realistic three-dimensional cell morphologies were modelled to determine the current density induced in excitable cell culture preparations exposed to 60 Hz magnetic fields and to identify important factors that can influence the responses of cells to these fields. Cell morphologies representing single spherical adrenal chromaffin cells, single elongated smooth muscle cells and chromaffin cell aggregates in a Petri dish containing culture medium were modelled using the finite element method. The computations for a spherical cell revealed alterations in the magnitude and spatial distribution of the induced current density in the immediate vicinity of the cell. Maxima occurred at the equatorial sides and minima at the poles. Proximity of cells to each other as well as cell aggregate shape, size and orientation with respect to the induced current influenced the magnitude and spatial distribution of the induced current density. For an elongated cell, effects on the induced current density were highly dependent on cell orientation with respect to the direction of the induced current. These results provide novel insights into the perturbations in induced current that occur in excitable cell culture preparations and lay a foundation for understanding the mechanisms of interaction with extremely low frequency magnetic fields at the tissue level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha Hassan
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
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Durand-Manterola HJ, Mendoza B, Diaz-Sandoval R. Electric currents induced inside biological cells by geomagnetic and atmospheric phenomena. ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE COMMITTEE ON SPACE RESEARCH (COSPAR) 2001; 28:679-684. [PMID: 11803972 DOI: 10.1016/s0273-1177(01)00378-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of studies have appeared in the last ten years indicating that some pathologies may correlate with geomagnetic activity and cosmic rays. However a physical mechanism binding both phenomena has not been proposed. In the present work we obtain the amplitude of the magnetic fields at different frequencies, that may induce inside biological cells currents of the same magnitude of the currents generated by the cells themselves. We compare these values with the wave amplitudes produced in geomagnetic and atmospheric phenomena, and found that micropulsations, whistlers and lightning are capable of produce the same or larger values.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Durand-Manterola
- Depto. de Física Espacial, Instituto de Geofísica, UNAM, C.P. 04510, México D.F. MEXICO.
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Repacholi MH, Greenebaum B. Interaction of static and extremely low frequency electric and magnetic fields with living systems: health effects and research needs. Bioelectromagnetics 2000; 20:133-60. [PMID: 10194557 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-186x(1999)20:3<133::aid-bem1>3.0.co;2-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
An international seminar was held June 4-6, 1997, on the biological effects and related health hazards of ambient or environmental static and extremely low frequency (ELF) electric and magnetic fields (0-300 Hz). It was cosponsored by the World Health Organization (WHO), the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP), the German, Japanese, and Swiss governments. Speakers provided overviews of the scientific literature that were discussed by participants of the meeting. Subsequently, expert working groups formulated this report, which evaluates possible health effects from exposure to static and ELF electric and magnetic fields and identifies gaps in knowledge requiring more research to improve health risk assessments. The working groups concluded that, although health hazards exist from exposure to ELF fields at high field strengths, the literature does not establish that health hazards are associated with exposure to low-level fields, including environmental levels. Similarly, exposure to static electric fields at levels currently found in the living and working environment or acute exposure to static magnetic fields at flux densities below 2 T, were not found to have demonstrated adverse health consequences. However, reports of biological effects from low-level ELF-field exposure and chronic exposure to static magnetic fields were identified that need replication and further study for WHO to assess any possible health consequences. Ambient static electric fields have not been reported to cause any direct adverse health effects, and so no further research in this area was deemed necessary.
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Publicover NG, Marsh CG, Vincze CA, Craviso GL, Chatterjee I. Effects of microscope objectives on magnetic field exposures. Bioelectromagnetics 1999; 20:387-95. [PMID: 10453067 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-186x(199909)20:6<387::aid-bem8>3.0.co;2-#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Distortions in magnetic field intensity generated by commonly used microscope objectives (1x to 100x) were characterized within a Helmholtz coil-based exposure system. Objectives from a variety of manufacturers distorted applied field intensities by up to 23% in the image plane. Components that contribute to distortions include (1) nickel-chrome plating of objective housings, (2) the presence of steel springs in objectives with compression collars, and (3) steel screws or studs used to hold together separately manufactured parts. Steel springs and screws produce radially asymmetric profiles, whereas distortions generated by nickel-chrome plating are typically radially symmetric. All components can produce spatial gradients in field intensity if objectives are not perfectly aligned with exposure systems or if placed in the earth's magnetic field. Alterations in the magnitude of magnetic field intensities as well as the production of spatial gradients might have an effect on biological responses. By maintaining optical glass components and replacing metallic components, functional objectives can be reconstructed that produce no measurable effects on magnetic flux densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- N G Publicover
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA.
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Markov M, Pilla A. Weak static magnetic field modulation of myosin phosphorylation in a cell-free preparation: Calcium dependence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-4598(96)02226-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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