1
|
Zhang C, Liu Z, Xu P, Zhang Y, Yue X. Porous carbon/graphite nanosheet/ferromagnetic nanoparticle composite absorbents with adjustable electromagnetic properties. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:205707. [PMID: 33545704 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abe3b8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of electronic devices and wireless communication tools, it is urgent to design and fabricate low-cost, lightweight and effective electromagnetic absorption materials to solve interference of electromagnetic waves. Herein, a new strategy toward porous carbon/graphite nanosheet/ferromagnetic nanoparticle (PC/GNS/Fe) composites was designed to investigate the influence of crystalline carbon on electromagnetic wave absorption. To begin with, graphite nanosheets (GNSs) were incorporated into the porous polyimide by in situ polymerization, and Fe were added as a magnetic particle source and an agent to regulate the pore size. A series of PC/GNS/Fe composite absorbents were obtained. The direct carbonization of porous polymer precursors was beneficial to the design of the pore structure of materials. A hierarchically porous structure derived from the phase separation process was well maintained in the polyimide pyrolysis process. The results demonstrated that the presence of crystalline carbon could influence the reflection loss value and the frequency range. Hence, the absorbing performance can be optimized by adjusting the pore structure and the content of crystalline carbon in materials, which is conducive to obtaining electromagnetic wave absorption materials with excellent comprehensive performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chongyang Zhang
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Institute, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Liu
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Institute, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Xu
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Institute, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Science and Technology on Advanced Functional Composites Laboratory, Aerospace Research Institute of Material and Processing Technology, Beijing 100076, People's Republic of China
| | - Xigui Yue
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Institute, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kim HS, Lee YH, Choi HD, Lee AK, Jeon SB, Pack JK, Kim N, Ahn YH. Effect of Exposure to a Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Field on Body Temperature in Anesthetized and Non-Anesthetized Rats. Bioelectromagnetics 2019; 41:104-112. [PMID: 31828817 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to a radiofrequency (RF) signal at a specific absorption rate (SAR) of 4 W/kg can increase the body temperature by more than 1 °C. In this study, we investigated the effect of anesthesia on the body temperature of rats after exposure to an RF electromagnetic field at 4 W/kg SAR. We also evaluated the influence of body mass on rats' body temperature. Rats weighing 225 and 339 g were divided into sham- and RF-exposure groups. Each of the resulting four groups was subdivided into anesthetized and non-anesthetized groups. The free-moving rats in the four RF-exposure groups were subjected to a 915 MHz RF identification signal at 4 W/kg whole-body SAR for 8 h. The rectal temperature was measured at 1-h intervals during RF exposure using a small-animal temperature probe. The body temperatures of non-anesthetized, mobile 225 and 339 g rats were not significantly affected by exposure to an RF signal. However, the body temperatures of anesthetized 225 and 339 g rats increased by 1.9 °C and 3.3 °C from baseline at 5 and 6 h of RF exposure, respectively. Three of the five 339 g anesthetized and exposed rats died after 6 h of RF exposure. Thus, anesthesia and body mass influenced RF exposure-induced changes in the body temperature of rats. Bioelectromagnetics. 2020;41:104-112. © 2019 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye Sun Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Hee Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Do Choi
- Radio Technology Research Department, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ae-Kyoung Lee
- Radio Technology Research Department, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Bong Jeon
- Radio Technology Research Department, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ki Pack
- Department of Radio Sciences and Engineering, College of Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Kim
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hwan Ahn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kim JH, Yu DH, Huh YH, Lee EH, Kim HG, Kim HR. Long-term exposure to 835 MHz RF-EMF induces hyperactivity, autophagy and demyelination in the cortical neurons of mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41129. [PMID: 28106136 PMCID: PMC5247706 DOI: 10.1038/srep41129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) is used globally in conjunction with mobile communications. There are public concerns of the perceived deleterious biological consequences of RF-EMF exposure. This study assessed neuronal effects of RF-EMF on the cerebral cortex of the mouse brain as a proxy for cranial exposure during mobile phone use. C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 835 MHz RF-EMF at a specific absorption rate (SAR) of 4.0 W/kg for 5 hours/day during 12 weeks. The aim was to examine activation of autophagy pathway in the cerebral cortex, a brain region that is located relatively externally. Induction of autophagy genes and production of proteins including LC3B-II and Beclin1 were increased and accumulation of autolysosome was observed in neuronal cell bodies. However, proapoptotic factor Bax was down-regulted in the cerebral cortex. Importantly, we found that RF-EMF exposure led to myelin sheath damage and mice displayed hyperactivity-like behaviour. The data suggest that autophagy may act as a protective pathway for the neuronal cell bodies in the cerebral cortex during radiofrequency exposure. The observations that neuronal cell bodies remained structurally stable but demyelination was induced in cortical neurons following prolonged RF-EMF suggests a potential cause of neurological or neurobehavioural disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hwan Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Hyeon Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Hoon Huh
- Center for Electron Microscopy Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Chung-Buk, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ho Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Gun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Rim Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu C, Yu D, Kirk D, Xu Y. Electromagnetic wave absorption of silicon carbide based materials. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra25142k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A review of research progress in the design and characterization of SiC based composites as electromagnetic wave absorbing materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- China
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry
| | - Dawei Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada
| | - Donald W. Kirk
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada
| | - Yongjun Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang Y, Liu J, Zhang Y, Liu J, Duan Y. Facile synthesis of hierarchical nanocomposites of aligned polyaniline nanorods on reduced graphene oxide nanosheets for microwave absorbing materials. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra08794b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hierarchical nanocomposites of aligned polyaniline nanorods on reduced graphene oxide nanosheets are synthesized in an in situ polymerization process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuefang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Solidification Control and Digital Preparation Technology (Liaoning Province)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116085
- P. R. China
| | - Jia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Solidification Control and Digital Preparation Technology (Liaoning Province)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116085
- P. R. China
| | - Yahong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Solidification Control and Digital Preparation Technology (Liaoning Province)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116085
- P. R. China
| | - Jin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Solidification Control and Digital Preparation Technology (Liaoning Province)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116085
- P. R. China
| | - Yuping Duan
- Key Laboratory of Solidification Control and Digital Preparation Technology (Liaoning Province)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116085
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Synthesis of magnetic nickel ferrite microspheres and their microwave absorbing properties. Chem Res Chin Univ 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-016-5457-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
7
|
Moitra D, Ghosh BK, Chandel M, Jani RK, Patra MK, Vadera SR, Ghosh NN. Synthesis of a Ni0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4–RGO nanocomposite: an excellent magnetically separable catalyst for dye degradation and microwave absorber. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra26634c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A Ni0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4 reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite has been synthesized by a simple ‘in situ co-precipitation’ technique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D. Moitra
- Nanomaterials Lab
- Department of Chemistry
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science
- Pilani K. K. Birla Goa Campus
- Zuarinagar
| | - B. K. Ghosh
- Nanomaterials Lab
- Department of Chemistry
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science
- Pilani K. K. Birla Goa Campus
- Zuarinagar
| | - M. Chandel
- Nanomaterials Lab
- Department of Chemistry
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science
- Pilani K. K. Birla Goa Campus
- Zuarinagar
| | | | | | | | - N. N. Ghosh
- Nanomaterials Lab
- Department of Chemistry
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science
- Pilani K. K. Birla Goa Campus
- Zuarinagar
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Moitra D, Hazra S, Ghosh BK, Jani RK, Patra MK, Vadera SR, Ghosh NN. A facile low temperature method for the synthesis of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles possessing excellent microwave absorption properties. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra06600j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CoFe2O4 nanoparticles, synthesized via a co-precipitation method at 120 °C, exhibited excellent microwave absorption properties, with minimum reflection loss of −55 dB (∼99.99%) at 9.25 GHz.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D. Moitra
- Nano-materials Lab
- Department of Chemistry
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science
- India
| | - S. Hazra
- Nano-materials Lab
- Department of Chemistry
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science
- India
| | - B. K. Ghosh
- Nano-materials Lab
- Department of Chemistry
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science
- India
| | | | | | | | - N. N. Ghosh
- Nano-materials Lab
- Department of Chemistry
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science
- India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhan X, Tang H, Du Y, Talbi A, Zha J, He J. Facile preparation of Fe nanochains and their electromagnetic properties. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra42386g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
10
|
Wang Z, Wu L, Zhou J, Shen B, Jiang Z. Enhanced microwave absorption of Fe3O4 nanocrystals after heterogeneously growing with ZnO nanoshell. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra23404a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
11
|
Zhu W, Wang L, Zhao R, Ren J, Lu G, Wang Y. Electromagnetic and microwave-absorbing properties of magnetic nickel ferrite nanocrystals. NANOSCALE 2011; 3:2862-2864. [PMID: 21633731 DOI: 10.1039/c1nr10274e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The electromagnetic and microwave absorbing properties of nickel ferrite nanocrystals were investigated for the first time. There were two frequencies corresponding to the maximum reflection loss in a wide thickness range from 3.0 to 5.0 mm, which may be bought by the nanosize effect and the good crystallization of the nanocrystals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weimo Zhu
- Key Lab for Advanced Materials, Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Masuda H, Hirata A, Kawai H, Wake K, Watanabe S, Arima T, Poulletier de Gannes F, Lagroye I, Veyret B. Local exposure of the rat cortex to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields increases local cerebral blood flow along with temperature. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2011; 110:142-8. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01035.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies have shown that local exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF) induces intensity-dependent physiological changes, especially in the brain. The aim of the present study was to detect reproducible responses to local RF exposure in the parietal cortex of anesthetized rats and to determine their dependence on RF intensity. The target cortex tissue was locally exposed to 2-GHz RF using a figure-eight loop antenna within a range of averaged specific absorption rates (10.5, 40.3, 130, and 263 W/kg averaged over 4.04 mg) in the target area. Local cerebral blood flow (CBF) and temperatures in three regions (target area, rectum, and calf hypodermis) were measured using optical fiber blood flow meters and thermometers during RF exposure. All parameters except for the calf hypodermis temperature increased significantly in exposed animals compared with sham-exposed ones during 18-min exposures. Dependence of parameter values on exposure intensity was analyzed using linear regression models. The elevation of local CBF was correlated with temperature rise in both target and rectum at the end of RF exposure. However, the local CBF elevation seemed to be elevated by the rise in target temperature, but not by that of the rectal temperature, in the early part of RF exposure or at low-intensity RF exposure. These findings suggest that local RF exposure of the rat cortex drives a regulation of CBF accompanied by a local temperature rise, and our findings may be helpful for discussing physiological changes in the local cortex region, which is locally exposed to RF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Masuda
- University of Bordeaux, IMS Laboratory, Pessac cedex, France
| | - Akimasa Hirata
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kawai
- Electromagnetic Compatibility Group, Applied Electromagnetic Research Center, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kanako Wake
- Electromagnetic Compatibility Group, Applied Electromagnetic Research Center, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Soichi Watanabe
- Electromagnetic Compatibility Group, Applied Electromagnetic Research Center, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuji Arima
- Electromagnetic Compatibility Group, Applied Electromagnetic Research Center, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering of Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | | | - Isabelle Lagroye
- University of Bordeaux, IMS Laboratory, Pessac cedex, France
- Bioelectromagnetics Laboratory, École Pratique des Hautes Études, Pessac cedex, France
| | - Bernard Veyret
- University of Bordeaux, IMS Laboratory, Pessac cedex, France
- Bioelectromagnetics Laboratory, École Pratique des Hautes Études, Pessac cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gu X, Zhu W, Jia C, Zhao R, Schmidt W, Wang Y. Synthesis and microwave absorbing properties of highly ordered mesoporous crystalline NiFe2O4. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:5337-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc05800a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
14
|
Kumar S, Kesari KK, Behari J. Influence of microwave exposure on fertility of male rats. Fertil Steril 2010; 95:1500-2. [PMID: 20723534 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.04.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2009] [Revised: 04/02/2010] [Accepted: 04/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigates the effect of 10-GHz microwave radiation on the fertility pattern of 70-day-old male rats (sham exposed and exposed), which were exposed for 2 h/d for 45 days continuously at a specific absorption rate of 0.014 W/kg and a power density of 0.21 mW/cm(2). Results show a significant change in the level of reactive oxygen species, histone kinase, apoptotic cells, and percentage of G(2)/M transition phase of cell cycle in the exposed group compared with the sham-exposed group. The study concludes that there is a significant effect of microwave radiations on the reproductive pattern in male rats, which is a causative factor of male infertility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar
- Bioelectromagnetic Laboratory, School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Qi X, Yang Y, Zhong W, Deng Y, Au C, Du Y. Large-scale synthesis, characterization and microwave absorption properties of carbon nanotubes of different helicities. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2009.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
16
|
Lipping T, Rorarius M, Jäntti V, Annala K, Mennander A, Ferenets R, Toivonen T, Toivo T, Värri A, Korpinen L. Using the nonlinear control of anaesthesia-induced hypersensitivity of EEG at burst suppression level to test the effects of radiofrequency radiation on brain function. NONLINEAR BIOMEDICAL PHYSICS 2009; 3:5. [PMID: 19615084 PMCID: PMC2723106 DOI: 10.1186/1753-4631-3-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2009] [Accepted: 07/18/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, investigating the effects of mobile phone radiation on test animals, eleven pigs were anaesthetised to the level where burst-suppression pattern appears in the electroencephalogram (EEG). At this level of anaesthesia both human subjects and animals show high sensitivity to external stimuli which produce EEG bursts during suppression. The burst-suppression phenomenon represents a nonlinear control system, where low-amplitude EEG abruptly switches to very high amplitude bursts. This switching can be triggered by very minor stimuli and the phenomenon has been described as hypersensitivity. To test if also radio frequency (RF) stimulation can trigger this nonlinear control, the animals were exposed to pulse modulated signal of a GSM mobile phone at 890 MHz. In the first phase of the experiment electromagnetic field (EMF) stimulation was randomly switched on and off and the relation between EEG bursts and EMF stimulation onsets and endpoints were studied. In the second phase a continuous RF stimulation at 31 W/kg was applied for 10 minutes. The ECG, the EEG, and the subcutaneous temperature were recorded. RESULTS No correlation between the exposure and the EEG burst occurrences was observed in phase I measurements. No significant changes were observed in the EEG activity of the pigs during phase II measurements although several EEG signal analysis methods were applied. The temperature measured subcutaneously from the pigs' head increased by 1.6 degrees C and the heart rate by 14.2 bpm on the average during the 10 min exposure periods. CONCLUSION The hypothesis that RF radiation would produce sensory stimulation of somatosensory, auditory or visual system or directly affect the brain so as to produce EEG bursts during suppression was not confirmed.
Collapse
|
17
|
Toivonen T, Toivo T, Pitkäaho R, Puranen L, Silfverhuth M, Mennander A, Hannula M, Hyttinen J, Jokela K. Setup and dosimetry for exposing anaesthetised pigs in vivo to 900 MHz GSM mobile phone fields. Bioelectromagnetics 2008; 29:363-70. [DOI: 10.1002/bem.20404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
18
|
Li BF, Guo GZ, Ren DQ, Zhang RB. Electromagnetic pulses induce fluctuations in blood pressure in rats. Int J Radiat Biol 2007; 83:421-9. [PMID: 17487681 DOI: 10.1080/09553000701317333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of exposure to electromagnetic pulses (EMP) on functional indices of the cardiovascular system in male Sprague-Dawley rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS A tapered parallel plate Gigahertz Transverse Electromagnetic cell (GTEM cell) with a flared rectangular coaxial transmission line was used to expose the rats to EMP (0.5 pps, total 200 pulses and whole-body averaged specific absorption rate 50 mW/kg at 200 kV/m or 75 mW/kg at 400 kV/m). Concurrent sham-exposed animals were used as controls. Cardiovascular functions, namely, heart rate, and systolic, mean and diastolic blood pressures were measured immediately and up to 4 weeks post-exposure using a non-invasive tail-cuff photoelectric sensor sphygmomanometer. RESULTS The heart rates in sham- and EMP-exposed rats were not significantly changed. In the exposed rats, increased systolic blood pressure (SBP) occurred at 0 h and decreased SBP occurred at 1 day and 3 days after exposure. Significantly higher diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was found at 0 h and significantly lower DBP was found at 12 h, 1 day, and 1 month after exposure. Significantly higher mean arterial pressure (MAP) was noted at 0 h and significantly lower MAP was noted at 1 day. CONCLUSIONS Significant alterations in arterial blood pressure were observed in rats exposed to EMP exposure while heart rate was not altered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Feng Li
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Shannxi Province, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Jauchem JR. The role of autacoids and the autonomic nervous system in cardiovascular responses to radio-frequency energy heating. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 26:121-40. [PMID: 16553641 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-8673.2006.00362.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Among the potential effects of exposure to high levels of radio-frequency energy (RFE) (which includes microwaves), an increase in body temperature is the primary consequence. Release of autacoids and activity of the autonomic nervous system may influence (or be directly responsible for) some of the physiological changes that occur in conjunction with this hyperthermia. The main focus of this review is the interaction of autacoids and the autonomic nervous system with cardiovascular changes during heating. Differences between environmental and RFE-induced heating (such as rate of temperature change and degree of skin vs. core heating) may be important when considering these effects. Antihistamines exhibited no beneficial effect on circulatory collapse during RFE-induced heating. The serotonergic blocker methysergide decreased survival time in rats during terminal RFE exposure, despite no effects on heart rate (HR) or blood pressure. Although blockade of platelet-activating factor resulted in lower HR before RFE exposure, there was a lack of effect on the subsequent increase in HR during heating. Nitric oxide did not contribute to the hypotension that occurs due to rapid heating by RFE exposure. There have been either no or very limited studies of effects of prostaglandins, bradykinin, or angiotensin on RFE-induced heating responses. beta-Adrenoceptor antagonism with propranolol resulted in significantly decreased survival times and lower final colonic temperatures during RFE exposure. A lack of effects of nadolol on survival time and temperature, coupled with its poor ability to traverse the blood-brain barrier, suggests that central beta-adrenergic stimulation rather than peripheral stimulation may alter thermoregulation. Effects of the autonomic nervous system (as studied by adrenoceptor blockade) on potassium changes during heating have not been fully investigated. Such changes could be important in animals' responses to RFE and other modalities of heating, and should be studied in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J R Jauchem
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Directed Energy Bio-Effects Division, Radio-Frequency Radiation Branch, Brooks City-Base, TX 78235-5147, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Radiofrequency Biology: In vivo. ELECTROMAGNETICS IN BIOLOGY 2006. [PMCID: PMC7120720 DOI: 10.1007/978-4-431-27914-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
21
|
Kantz J, Müller J, Hadeler KP, Landstorfer FM, Lang F. Insensitivity of cardiovascular function to low power cm-/mm-microwaves. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2005; 15:207-15. [PMID: 16134483 DOI: 10.1080/09603120500105695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A previous study failed to disclose an effect of short (15 min) exposure to low level energy microwaves (3 microW/cm2) emitted by a commercially available automobile radar system (77 GHz) for adaptive cruise control (ACC) on cardiovascular function. The present study explored whether a 15 min exposure to higher level energy microwaves of frequencies varying from 5.8 to 110 GHz influences cardiovascular function. To this end heart rate, skin temperature (thermocouple), skin conductance (Ag/AgCl electrodes), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (automatic cuff) were recorded in 50 test persons before, during and after a 15 min exposure to a sequential pattern of microwaves varying from 5.8 to 110 GHz (59.7 microW/cm2). After an equilibration period of 30 min the first group of test persons and after additional 30 min the second group of test persons were exposed. The study has been performed in a strict double blind design. While significant effects on the measured parameters were observed depending on time ("calming" effect), no significant difference was observed between exposure and sham exposure to microwaves. In view of the small scatter of the data the present study rules out physiologically relevant effects of moderate energy (59.7 microW/cm2) microwaves varying from 5.8 to 110 GHz on cardiovascular function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Kantz
- Institute of Radio Frequency Technology, University of Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Müller J, Hadeler KP, Müller V, Waldmann J, Landstorfer FM, Wisniewski R, Kantz J, Lang F. Influence of low power cm-/mm-microwaves on cardiovascular function. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2004; 14:331-341. [PMID: 15385212 DOI: 10.1080/09603120400004006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The present study has been designed to investigate physiological effects of short (15 min) exposure to low level energy microwaves (< 10 microW cm(-2)). To this end heart rate, PQ, QS and ST (electrocardiography), respiration (conductive stretch band around the thorax), skin temperature (thermocouple), skin conductance (Ag/AgCl electrodes), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (automatic cuff) were continuously recorded in a group of 50 test persons before, during and after a 15 min exposure to 3 microW cm(-2) high frequency (77 GHz) microwaves. After an equilibration period of 30 min the first group of test persons and after additional 30 min the second group of test persons were exposed. The study has been performed in a strict double blind design. While significant effects on the measured parameters were observed depending on time ('calming' effect), no significant difference was observed between exposure and sham exposure to microwaves. In view of the small scatter of the data the present study rules out physiologically relevant effects of low level energy on the autonomic nervous system and cardiovascular function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Müller
- Department of Biomathematics, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|