1
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Karak M, Joh Y, Suenaga M, Oishi T, Torikai K. 1,2- trans Glycosylation via Neighboring Group Participation of 2- O-Alkoxymethyl Groups: Application to One-Pot Oligosaccharide Synthesis. Org Lett 2019; 21:1221-1225. [PMID: 30693782 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The use of 2- O-alkoxymethyl groups as effective stereodirecting substituents for the construction of 1,2- trans glycosidic linkages is reported. The observed stereoselectivity arises from the intramolecular formation of a five-membered cyclic architecture between the 2- O-alkoxymethyl substituent and the oxocarbenium ion, which provides the expected facial selectivity. Furthermore, the observed stereocontrol and the extremely high reactivity of 2- O-alkoxymethyl-protected donors allowed development of a one-pot sequential glycosylation strategy that should become a powerful tool for the assembly of oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milandip Karak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty and Graduate School of Science , Kyushu University , 744 Motooka , Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - Yohei Joh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty and Graduate School of Science , Kyushu University , 744 Motooka , Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - Masahiko Suenaga
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty and Graduate School of Science , Kyushu University , 744 Motooka , Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - Tohru Oishi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty and Graduate School of Science , Kyushu University , 744 Motooka , Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - Kohei Torikai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty and Graduate School of Science , Kyushu University , 744 Motooka , Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
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2
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Li Q, Guo Z. Pondering the Structural Factors that Affect 1,2- trans-Galactosylation: A Lesson Learnt from 3- O- β-Galactosylation of Galactosamine. J Carbohydr Chem 2017; 47:347-362. [PMID: 30174372 DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2017.1406095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Stereoselective formation of glycosidic bonds remains one of the most challenging topics in carbohydrate chemistry. The predominant method for stereoselective construction of 1,2-trans-glycosidic bonds is through the neighboring group participation effect (NGPE), which proved to be less successful in synthesizing Galβ(1→3)GalNAc disaccharide. The steric effect that overshadows NGPE and the impacts of substituents at the 3-O- and 2-N-positions of donors and acceptors, respectively, on this synthesis were systematically examined to lead to some practical guidelines for choosing protecting groups towards the successful synthesis of Galβ(1→3)GalNAc and similar disaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjiang Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Zhongwu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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3
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Otsuka Y, Yamamoto T, Fukase K. Syntheses of N -aryl-protected glucosamines and their stereoselectivity in chemical glycosylations. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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4
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Ali SP, Jalsa NK. Synthesis of a 2-N,N-dibenzylamino glucopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate glycosyl donor and evaluation of its utility in stereoselective glycosylation. Carbohydr Res 2016; 420:13-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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5
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Arihara R, Kakita K, Suzuki N, Nakamura S, Hashimoto S. Glycosylation with 2-Acetamido-2-deoxyglycosyl Donors at a Low Temperature: Scope of the Non-Oxazoline Method. J Org Chem 2015; 80:4259-77. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryoichi Arihara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kakita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Noritoshi Suzuki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Seiichi Nakamura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Shunichi Hashimoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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6
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Ali SP, Jalsa NK. Order of Reactivity of OH/NH Groups of Glucosamine Hydrochloride and N-Acetyl Glucosamine Toward Benzylation Using NaH/BnBr in DMF. J Carbohydr Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2014.907907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stacy P. Ali
- Department of Chemistry, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Nigel Kevin Jalsa
- Department of Chemistry, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
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8
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9
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Enugala R, Carvalho LCR, Dias Pires MJ, Marques MMB. Stereoselective Glycosylation of Glucosamine: The Role of the
N
‐Protecting Group. Chem Asian J 2012; 7:2482-501. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201200338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramu Enugala
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica 2829‐516 Caparica (Portugal), Fax: (+351) 21‐294‐8550
| | - Luísa C. R. Carvalho
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica 2829‐516 Caparica (Portugal), Fax: (+351) 21‐294‐8550
| | - Marina J. Dias Pires
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica 2829‐516 Caparica (Portugal), Fax: (+351) 21‐294‐8550
| | - M. Manuel B. Marques
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica 2829‐516 Caparica (Portugal), Fax: (+351) 21‐294‐8550
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10
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Fascione MA, Kilner CA, Leach AG, Turnbull WB. Do glycosyl sulfonium ions engage in neighbouring-group participation? A study of oxathiane glycosyl donors and the basis for their stereoselectivity. Chemistry 2011; 18:321-33. [PMID: 22140005 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201101889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Neighbouring-group participation has long been used to control the synthesis of 1,2-trans-glycosides. More recently there has been a growing interest in the development of similar strategies for the synthesis of 1,2-cis-glycosides, in particular the use of auxiliary groups that generate sulfonium ion intermediates. However, there has been some debate over the role of sulfonium ion intermediates in these reactions: do sulfonium ions actually engage in neighbouring-group participation, or are they a resting state of the system prior to reaction through an oxacarbenium ion intermediate? Herein, we describe the reactivities and stereoselectivities of a family of bicyclic thioglycosides in which an oxathiane ring is fused to the sugar to form a trans-decalin-like structure. A methyl sulfonium ion derived from one such glycosyl donor is so stable that it can be crystallised from ethanol, yet it reacts with complete stereoselectivity at high temperature. The importance of a ketal group in the oxathiane ring for maintaining this high stereoselectivity is investigated using a combination of experiment and ab initio calculations. The data are discussed in terms of S(N)1 and S(N)2 type mechanisms. Trends in stereoselectivity across a series of compounds are more consistent with selective addition to oxacarbenium ions rather than a shift between S(N)1 and S(N)2 mechanisms.
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11
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Svejgaard L, Fuglsang H, Jensen PB, Kelly NM, Pedersen H, Andersen K, Ruhland T, Jensen KJ. Synthesis of Two d‐Glucosamine Derived 3,4‐Epoxides as Potential Scaffolds for Combinatorial Chemistry. J Carbohydr Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1081/car-120021699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Svejgaard
- a Department of Chemistry , Technical University of Denmark , Building 201, Kemitorvet, DK‐2800 , Lyngby , Denmark
- e Analytical Chemistry , Novo Nordisk , Bagsværd , Denmark
| | - Henrik Fuglsang
- a Department of Chemistry , Technical University of Denmark , Building 201, Kemitorvet, DK‐2800 , Lyngby , Denmark
- f Combio , Valby , Denmark
| | - Peter B. Jensen
- a Department of Chemistry , Technical University of Denmark , Building 201, Kemitorvet, DK‐2800 , Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Nicholas M. Kelly
- a Department of Chemistry , Technical University of Denmark , Building 201, Kemitorvet, DK‐2800 , Lyngby , Denmark
- g ACADIA A/S , Glostrup , Denmark
| | - Henrik Pedersen
- b Department of Spectroscopy , Lundbeck A/S , Ottiliavej 9, DK‐2500 , Valby , Denmark
| | - Kim Andersen
- c Department of Combinatorial Chemistry , Lundbeck A/S , Ottiliavej 9, DK‐2500 , Valby , Denmark
| | - Thomas Ruhland
- c Department of Combinatorial Chemistry , Lundbeck A/S , Ottiliavej 9, DK‐2500 , Valby , Denmark
| | - Knud J. Jensen
- d Department of Chemistry , Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University , Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK‐1871 , Frederiksberg , Denmark
- h Department of Chemistry , KVL , Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK‐1871 , Frederiksberg , Denmark
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12
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Chao CS, Lin CY, Mulani S, Hung WC, Mong KKT. Neighboring-Group Participation by C-2 Ether Functions in Glycosylations Directed by Nitrile Solvents. Chemistry 2011; 17:12193-202. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201100732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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13
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Sarkar S, Sucheck SJ. Comparing the use of 2-methylenenapthyl, 4-methoxybenzyl, 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl and 2,4,6-trimethoxybenzyl as N–H protecting groups for p-tolyl 2-acetamido-3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-1-thio-β-d-glucosides. Carbohydr Res 2011; 346:393-400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2010.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2010] [Revised: 11/20/2010] [Accepted: 11/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Williams RJ, McGill NW, White JM, Williams SJ. Neighboring Group Participation in Glycosylation Reactions by 2,6-Disubstituted 2-O-Benzoyl groups: A Mechanistic Investigation. J Carbohydr Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2010.508141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rohan J. Williams
- a School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute , University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Nathan W. McGill
- a School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute , University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Jonathan M. White
- a School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute , University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Spencer J. Williams
- a School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute , University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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15
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Chao CS, Li CW, Chen MC, Chang SS, Mong KKT. Low-Concentration 1,2-transβ-Selective Glycosylation Strategy and Its Applications in Oligosaccharide Synthesis. Chemistry 2009; 15:10972-82. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200901119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaideep Saha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road U-3060, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
| | - Mark W. Peczuh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road U-3060, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
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17
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Imamura A, Ando H, Ishida H, Kiso M. Ganglioside GQ1b: efficient total synthesis and the expansion to synthetic derivatives to elucidate its biological roles. J Org Chem 2009; 74:3009-23. [PMID: 19296672 DOI: 10.1021/jo8027888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The convergent total synthesis of ganglioside GQ1b based on the "cassette approach" between the nonreducing end GQ1b-core heptasaccharide and glucosylceramide building blocks was accomplished in high overall yield. The use of a sialylalpha(2-->8)sialylalpha(2-->3)galactose sequence as the key building block enhanced the efficiency of the glycan assembly and led to preparative-scale synthesis readily applicable for large-scale preparation. In addition, a judicious choice of p-methoxybenzyl protecting groups on glucosylceramide provided a solution to the previous synthetic problems, including a decrease in the yield of the deprotection steps, and led to elevation of the total yield. Furthermore, unnatural-type GQ1b derivatives were synthesized systematically in good yields by capitalizing on a similar approach in order to elucidate their biological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Imamura
- Department of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu-shi, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
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18
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Stalford SA, Kilner CA, Leach AG, Turnbull WB. Neighbouring group participation vs. addition to oxacarbenium ions: studies on the synthesis of mycobacterial oligosaccharides. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:4842-52. [DOI: 10.1039/b914417j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Crich D, Hu T, Cai F. Does neighboring group participation by non-vicinal esters play a role in glycosylation reactions? Effective probes for the detection of bridging intermediates. J Org Chem 2008; 73:8942-53. [PMID: 18939876 PMCID: PMC2669227 DOI: 10.1021/jo801630m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Neighboring group participation in glycopyranosylation reactions is probed for esters at the 3-O-axial and -equatorial, 4-O-axial and -equatorial, and 6-O-sites of a range of donors through the use tert-butoxycarbonyl esters. The anticipated intermediate cyclic dioxanyl cation is interrupted for the axial 3-O-derivative, leading to the formation of a 1,3-O-cyclic carbonate ester, with loss of a tert-butyl cation, providing convincing evidence of participation by esters at that position. However, no evidence was found for such a fragmentation of carbonate esters at the 3-O-equatorial, 4-O-axial and -equatorial, and 6-O positions, indicating that neighboring group participation from those sites does not occur under typical glycosylation conditions. Further probes employing a 4-O-(2-carboxy)benzoate ester and a 4-O-(4-methoxybenzoate) ester, the latter in conjunction with an (18)O quench designed to detect bridging intermediates, also failed to provide evidence for participation by 4-O-esters in galactopyranosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Crich
- Chemistry Department, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA.
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20
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Wang Y, Maguire-Boyle S, Dere RT, Zhu X. Synthesis of beta-D-arabinofuranosides: stereochemical differentiation between D- and L-enantiomers. Carbohydr Res 2008; 343:3100-6. [PMID: 18809174 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2008.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2008] [Revised: 08/22/2008] [Accepted: 09/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The glycosylation of 3,5-O-di-tert-butylsilylene-protected d-thioarabinofuranosides with a range of glycosyl acceptors using NIS/AgOTf as promoters proceeded in a stereoselective manner to give the corresponding beta-D-arabinofuranosides in high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxi Wang
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, UCD School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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21
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Christensen H, Christiansen MS, Petersen J, Jensen HH. Direct formation of beta-glycosides of N-acetyl glycosamines mediated by rare earth metal triflates. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:3276-83. [PMID: 18802633 DOI: 10.1039/b807064d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A direct, mild and efficient protocol for the preparation of beta-glycosides of N-acetyl glucosamine (GlcNAc) and N-acetyl galactosamine (GalNAc) has been developed using peracetylated beta-GlcNAc and beta-GalNAc as donors. All rare Earth metal triflate promoters screened were found to promote glycosylation with Sc(OTf)(3) being superior in terms of reaction rate. Simple alcohol glycosylation was found to proceed smoothly in refluxing dichloromethane, whereas higher temperatures under microwave conditions were needed to attain acceptable yields with less reactive, carbohydrate based glycosyl acceptors. The protocol developed was applied to provide the first example of direct chemical formation of a disaccharide using both GlcNAc as a glycosyl donor and acceptor. The alpha-acetate donor was found to be significantly less reactive than the corresponding beta-anomer necessitating higher reaction temperatures under which glycoside anomerisation was found to occur. It was established, that the anomerisation only took place in the presence of both Sc(OTf)(3) and acetic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helle Christensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aarhus, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
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22
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N-Dimethylphosphoryl-protected glucosamine trichloroacetimidate as an effective glycosylation donor. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.04.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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23
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Crich D, Cai F. Stereocontrolled glycoside and glycosyl ester synthesis. neighboring group participation and hydrogenolysis of 3-(2'-benzyloxyphenyl)-3,3-dimethylpropanoates. Org Lett 2007; 9:1613-5. [PMID: 17346061 PMCID: PMC2615466 DOI: 10.1021/ol070449y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] The 2-O-[3-(2'-benzyloxyphenyl)-3,3-dimethylpropanoate] and 2-O-[3-(2'-benzyloxy-4',6'-dimethylphenyl)-3,3-dimethylpropanoate] esters enable the synthesis of a range of beta-glucosides and alpha-mannosides through neighboring participation in excellent yield, and are removed by hydrogenolysis in concert with the cleavage of benzyl esters in the presence of other esters making them particularly well suited to the stereocontrolled synthesis of glycosyl esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Crich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061, USA.
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24
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Amatore C, Génin E, Jutand A, Mensah L. Palladium(0)-Catalyzed Allylic Aminations: Kinetics and Mechanism of the Reaction of Secondary Amines with Cationic [(η3-allyl)PdL2]+ Complexes. Organometallics 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/om060686p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Amatore
- Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, UMR CNRS-ENS-UPMC 8640, 24, Rue Lhomond. F-75231 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - Emilie Génin
- Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, UMR CNRS-ENS-UPMC 8640, 24, Rue Lhomond. F-75231 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - Anny Jutand
- Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, UMR CNRS-ENS-UPMC 8640, 24, Rue Lhomond. F-75231 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - Laure Mensah
- Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, UMR CNRS-ENS-UPMC 8640, 24, Rue Lhomond. F-75231 Paris Cedex 5, France
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25
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Bongat AFG, Demchenko AV. Recent trends in the synthesis of O-glycosides of 2-amino-2-deoxysugars. Carbohydr Res 2007; 342:374-406. [PMID: 17125757 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2006.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2006] [Revised: 10/13/2006] [Accepted: 10/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of new methods for stereoselective glycoside synthesis and convergent oligosaccharide assembly has been critical for the area of glycosciences. At the heart of this account is the discussion of the approaches for stereoselective synthesis of glycosides of 2-amino-2-deoxysugars that have emerged during the past two decades. The introductory part provides general background information and describes the key features and challenges for the synthesis of this class of compounds. Subsequently, major approaches to the synthesis of 2-amino-2-deoxyglycosides are categorized and discussed. Each subsection elaborates on the introduction (or protection) of the amino functionality, synthesis of glycosyl donors by introduction of a suitable leaving group, and glycosidation. Wherever applicable, the deprotection of a temporary amino group substituent and the conversion onto the natural acetamido functionality is described. The conclusions part evaluates the current standing in the field and provides a perspective for future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen F G Bongat
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri--St. Louis, One University Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63121, USA
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26
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Bongat AFG, Kamat MN, Demchenko AV. Chemoselective synthesis of oligosaccharides of 2-deoxy-2-aminosugars. J Org Chem 2007; 72:1480-3. [PMID: 17253751 PMCID: PMC2526973 DOI: 10.1021/jo062171d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Along with the application of the S-benzoxazolyl glycosides to the high-yielding synthesis of disaccharides of the 2-amino-2-deoxy series, chemoselective assembly of oligosaccharides containing multiple residues of 2-amino-2-deoxyglycoses is reported. This modified armed-disarmed approach is relying on the observation that 2-N-trichloroethoxycarbonyl derivatives of S-benzoxazolyl glycosides are significantly more reactive than their 2-N-phthaloyl counterparts in MeOTf-promoted glycosylations. This allowed efficient chemoselective synthesis of 1,2-trans-linked oligosaccharides, the disarmed reducing end of which can be activated for immediate second step glycosidation in the presence of a more powerful activator, AgOTf. As a result of this two-step activation, trans-trans-patterned trisaccharides could be assembled in a highly efficient manner. This result differs from the classic armed-disarmed technique, according to which usually cis-trans-patterned oligosaccharides are generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen F G Bongat
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA
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27
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Crich D, Wu B. 1-naphthylpropargyl ether group: a readily cleaved and sterically minimal protecting system for stereoselective glycosylation. Org Lett 2006; 8:4879-82. [PMID: 17020326 PMCID: PMC2615467 DOI: 10.1021/ol061938l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] The (1-naphthyl)propargyl group is introduced as a sterically unobtrusive alcohol protecting group that is cleaved in a single step by exposure to dichlorodicyanoquinone in wet dichloromethane. In conjunction with the 4,6-O-benzylidene protecting group, and the use of the sulfoxide glycosylation method, 3-O-naphthylpropargyl-protected mannosyl donors are extremely beta-selective.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Crich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061, USA.
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28
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García-Iglesias M, Buñuel E, Cárdenas DJ. Cationic (η1-Allyl)-palladium Complexes as Feasible Intermediates in Catalyzed Reactions. Organometallics 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/om060199+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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29
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Crich D, Jayalath P, Hutton TK. Enhanced diastereoselectivity in beta-mannopyranosylation through the use of sterically minimal propargyl ether protecting groups. J Org Chem 2006; 71:3064-70. [PMID: 16599600 PMCID: PMC4664462 DOI: 10.1021/jo0526789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] 2-O-Propargyl ethers are shown to be advantageous in the 4,6-O-benzylidene acetal directed beta-mannosylation reaction. The effect is most pronounced when the O3 protecting group is a bulky silyl ether or a glycosidic bond; however, even with a 3-O-benzyl ether, the use of a 2-O-propargyl ether results in a significant increase in diastereoselectivity. The beneficial effect of the propargyl ether is thought to be a combination of its minimal steric bulk, as determined by a measurement of the steric A-value and of its moderately disarming nature, as reflected in the pKa of propargyl alcohol. Conversely, the application of a 3-O-propargyl ether in the benzylidene acetal directed mannosylation has a detrimental effect on stereoselectivity, for which no explanation is at present available. Deprotection is achieved by base-catalyzed isomerization of the propargyl ether group to the corresponding allenyl ether, followed by oxidative cleavage with N-methylmorpholine N-oxide and catalytic osmium tetroxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Crich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061, USA.
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30
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Rai R, McAlexander I, Chang CWT. SYNTHETIC GLYCODIVERSIFICATION. FROM AMINOSUGARS TO AMINOGLYCOSIDE ANTIBIOTICS. A REVIEW. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2005. [DOI: 10.1080/00304940509354969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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31
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Abstract
[reactions: see text] N-Iodosuccinimide provides a mild, convenient, and tuneable reagent for the selective mono- or didebenzylation in representative, multifunctionalized carbohydrate and amino acid derived N-dibenzylamines with neighboring O-functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Grayson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
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32
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Abstract
[reaction: see text]. A ruthenium complex, Cp*Ru(bipyridyl)Cl, has been developed as a catalyst for the first regioselective tandem Michael addition-allylic alkylation of activated Michael acceptors. The net transformation is the decarboxylative insertion of Michael acceptors into allyl beta-ketoesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
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33
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Arihara R, Nakamura S, Hashimoto S. Direct and Stereoselective Synthesis of 2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-?-D-glycopyranosides by Using the Phosphite Method. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005; 44:2245-9. [PMID: 15747388 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200461988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryoichi Arihara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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34
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Arihara R, Nakamura S, Hashimoto S. Direct and Stereoselective Synthesis of 2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-?-D-glycopyranosides by Using the Phosphite Method. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200461988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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35
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Grathe S, Thygesen MB, Larsen K, Petersen L, Jensen KJ. Glucosamine derived DISAL donors for stereoselective glycosylations under neutral conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2005.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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36
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Boysen M, Gemma E, Lahmann M, Oscarson S. Ethyl 2-acetamido-4,6-di-O-benzyl-2,3-N,O-carbonyl-2-deoxy-1-thio-β-d-glycopyranoside as a versatile GlcNAc donor. Chem Commun (Camb) 2005:3044-6. [PMID: 15959579 DOI: 10.1039/b503651h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The title donor, ethyl 2-acetamido-4,6-di-O-benzyl-2,3-N,O-carbonyl-2-deoxy-1-thio-beta-D-glycopyranoside, is shown to be an excellent glycosyl donor giving immediate and efficient access to variant GlcNAc-containing oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Boysen
- Department of Chemistry, Göteborg University, S-412 96, Göteborg, Sweden
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37
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Tsuda T, Nakamura S, Hashimoto S. A highly stereoselective construction of 1,2-trans-β-glycosidic linkages capitalizing on 2-azido-2-deoxy-d-glycosyl diphenyl phosphates as glycosyl donors. Tetrahedron 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2004.08.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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38
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A stereocontrolled construction of 2-azido-2-deoxy-1,2-trans-β-glycosidic linkages utilizing 2-azido-2-deoxyglycopyranosyl diphenyl phosphates. Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(03)01557-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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39
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Nakoji M, Kanayama T, Okino T, Takemoto Y. Pd-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation of glycine imino ester using a chiral phase-transfer catalyst. J Org Chem 2002; 67:7418-23. [PMID: 12375973 DOI: 10.1021/jo0260645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Pd-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation of the glycine imino ester 1a has been developed using a chiral quaternary ammonium salt 3d without chiral phosphine ligands. The proper choice of the achiral Pd ligand, P(OPh)3, is important to achieve high enantioselectivity. By this method with the dual catalysts, numerous enantiomerically enriched alpha-allylic amino acids 4a-h could be prepared with comparable to higher enantioselectivity than that of the conventional asymmetric alkylation of 1a. In addition, the Pd-catalyzed reaction of 1a with 1-phenyl-2-propenyl acetate 2i afforded the branch product 6 with high enantio- and diastereoselectivity (>95% de, 85% ee).
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Nakoji
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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40
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Kollmar M, Helmchen G. An (η1-Allyl)palladium Complex of a Chiral Bidentate Ligand: Crystallographic and NMR Studies on a (η1-3,3-Diphenylallyl)(phosphinooxazoline)palladium Complex. Organometallics 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/om020323z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kollmar
- Organisch-chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Günter Helmchen
- Organisch-chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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41
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Hada N, Sato K, Sakushima JI, Goda Y, Sugita M, Takeda T. Synthetic studies on glycosphingolipids from Protostomia phyla: synthesis of amphoteric glycolipid analogues containing a phosphocholine residue from the earthworm Pheretima hilgendorfi. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2001; 49:1464-7. [PMID: 11724239 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.49.1464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Two kinds of amphoteric glycosphingolipid analogues from the earthworm Pheretima hilgendorfi were synthesized as follows: The key reaction is a coupling of a phosphocholine group at the position C-6 of 1 and 6 which was attempted using 2-chloro-2-oxo-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane, followed by reaction of the resulting cyclic phosphate intermediate with anhydrous trimethylamine to give 2 and 7. Subsequent debenzylation afforded target compounds (3, 8). Their ability to inhibit the histamine release in vitro was examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hada
- Kyoritsu College of Pharmacy,Tokyo, Japan
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42
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Koto S, Hirooka M, Yago K, Komiya M, Shimizu T, Kato K, Takehara T, Ikefuji A, Iwasa A, Hagino S, Sekiya M, Nakase Y, Zen S, Tomonaga F, Shimada S. Benzyl Derivatives ofN-2,4-Dinitrophenyl-D-glucosamine and Their Use for Oligosaccharide Synthesis. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2000. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.73.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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