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Brojakowska A, Jackson CJ, Bisserier M, Khlgatian MK, Jagana V, Eskandari A, Grano C, Blattnig SR, Zhang S, Fish KM, Chepurko V, Chepurko E, Gillespie V, Dai Y, Kumar Rai A, Garikipati VNS, Hadri L, Kishore R, Goukassian DA. Lifetime evaluation of left ventricular structure and function in male ApoE null mice after gamma and space-type radiation exposure. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1292033. [PMID: 38054039 PMCID: PMC10694360 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1292033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The space radiation (IR) environment contains high charge and energy (HZE) nuclei emitted from galactic cosmic rays with the ability to overcome current shielding strategies, posing increased IR-induced cardiovascular disease risks for astronauts on prolonged space missions. Little is known about the effect of 5-ion simplified galactic cosmic ray simulation (simGCRsim) exposure on left ventricular (LV) function. Three-month-old, age-matched male Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) null mice were irradiated with 137Cs gamma (γ; 100, 200, and 400 cGy) and simGCRsim (50, 100, 150 cGy all at 500 MeV/nucleon (n)). LV function was assessed using transthoracic echocardiography at early/acute (14 and 28 days) and late/degenerative (365, 440, and 660 days) times post-irradiation. As early as 14 and 28-days post IR, LV systolic function was reduced in both IR groups across all doses. At 14 days post-IR, 150 cGy simGCRsim-IR mice had decreased diastolic wall strain (DWS), suggesting increased myocardial stiffness. This was also observed later in 100 cGy γ-IR mice at 28 days. At later stages, a significant decrease in LV systolic function was observed in the 400 cGy γ-IR mice. Otherwise, there was no difference in the LV systolic function or structure at the remaining time points across the IR groups. We evaluated the expression of genes involved in hemodynamic stress, cardiac remodeling, inflammation, and calcium handling in LVs harvested 28 days post-IR. At 28 days post-IR, there is increased expression of Bnp and Ncx in both IR groups at the lowest doses, suggesting impaired function contributes to hemodynamic stress and altered calcium handling. The expression of Gals3 and β-Mhc were increased in simGCRsim and γ-IR mice respectively, suggesting there may be IR-specific cardiac remodeling. IR groups were modeled to calculate the Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE) and Radiation Effects Ratio (RER). No lower threshold was determined using the observed dose-response curves. These findings do not exclude the possibility of the existence of a lower IR threshold or the presence of IR-induced cardiovascular disease (CVD) when combined with additional space travel stressors, e.g., microgravity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Brojakowska
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | | | | | | | - Vineeta Jagana
- New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, United States
| | - Abrisham Eskandari
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Cynthia Grano
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Steve R. Blattnig
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Hampton, VA, United States
| | - Shihong Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kenneth M. Fish
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Vadim Chepurko
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Elena Chepurko
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Virginia Gillespie
- Center for Comparative Medicine and Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ying Dai
- Center for Comparative Medicine and Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Amit Kumar Rai
- Aging and Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | - Lahouaria Hadri
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Center of Excellence for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology/Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Raj Kishore
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - David A. Goukassian
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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Aherrahrou Z, Schlossarek S, Stoelting S, Klinger M, Geertz B, Weinberger F, Kessler T, Aherrahrou R, Moreth K, Bekeredjian R, Hrabě de Angelis M, Just S, Rottbauer W, Eschenhagen T, Schunkert H, Carrier L, Erdmann J. Knock-out of nexilin in mice leads to dilated cardiomyopathy and endomyocardial fibroelastosis. Basic Res Cardiol 2015; 111:6. [PMID: 26659360 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-015-0522-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyopathy is one of the most common causes of chronic heart failure worldwide. Mutations in the gene encoding nexilin (NEXN) occur in patients with both hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM); however, little is known about the pathophysiological mechanisms and relevance of NEXN to these disorders. Here, we evaluated the functional role of NEXN using a constitutive Nexn knock-out (KO) mouse model. Heterozygous (Het) mice were inter-crossed to produce wild-type (WT), Het, and homozygous KO mice. At birth, 32, 46, and 22 % of the mice were WT, Het, and KO, respectively, which is close to the expected Mendelian ratio. After postnatal day 6, the survival of the Nexn KO mice decreased dramatically and all of the animals died by day 8. Phenotypic characterizations of the WT and KO mice were performed at postnatal days 1, 2, 4, and 6. At birth, the relative heart weights of the WT and KO mice were similar; however, at day 4, the relative heart weight of the KO group was 2.3-fold higher than of the WT group. In addition, the KO mice developed rapidly progressive cardiomyopathy with left ventricular dilation and wall thinning and decreased cardiac function. At day 6, the KO mice developed a fulminant DCM phenotype characterized by dilated ventricular chambers and systolic dysfunction. At this stage, collagen deposits and some elastin deposits were observed within the left ventricle cavity, which resembles the features of endomyocardial fibroelastosis (EFE). Overall, these results further emphasize the role of NEXN in DCM and suggest a novel role in EFE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zouhair Aherrahrou
- Institute for Integrative and Experimental Genomics, University of Lübeck, 23562, Lübeck, Germany. .,DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck/Hamburg, Germany. .,University Heart Center Luebeck, 23562, Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Saskia Schlossarek
- DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck/Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Stoelting
- Institute for Integrative and Experimental Genomics, University of Lübeck, 23562, Lübeck, Germany.,DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck/Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Birgit Geertz
- DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck/Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Weinberger
- DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck/Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Kessler
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Redouane Aherrahrou
- Institute for Integrative and Experimental Genomics, University of Lübeck, 23562, Lübeck, Germany.,DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck/Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kristin Moreth
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Raffi Bekeredjian
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Chair of Experimental Genetics, School of Life Science Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Alte Akademie 8, 85354, Freising, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingostädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Steffen Just
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Rottbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck/Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Heribert Schunkert
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (MHA), Munich, Germany
| | - Lucie Carrier
- DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck/Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jeanette Erdmann
- Institute for Integrative and Experimental Genomics, University of Lübeck, 23562, Lübeck, Germany.,DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck/Hamburg, Germany.,University Heart Center Luebeck, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
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Friehs I, Illigens B, Melnychenko I, Zhong-Hu T, Zeisberg E, Del Nido PJ. An animal model of endocardial fibroelastosis. J Surg Res 2013; 182:94-100. [PMID: 22938709 PMCID: PMC3524408 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2012.07.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Revised: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is one of the most common severe congenital cardiac anomalies, characterized by a marked hypoplasia of left-sided structures of the heart, which is commonly accompanied by a thick layer of fibroelastic tissue, termed endocardial fibroelastosis (EFE). Because human EFE develops only in fetal or neonatal hearts, and often in association with reduced blood flow, we sought to mimic these conditions by subjecting neonatal and 2-wk-old rat hearts to variations of the heterotopically transplanted heart model with either no intracavitary or normal flow and compare endocardium with human EFE tissue. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hearts obtained from neonatal and 2-wk-old rats were heterotopically transplanted in young adult Lewis rats in a working (loaded) or nonworking (unloaded) mode. After 2-wk survival, hearts were explanted for histologic analysis by staining for collagen, elastin, and cellular elements. These sections were compared with human EFE tissue from HLHS. RESULTS EFE, consisting of collagen and elastin with scarce cellular and vascular components, developed only in neonatal unloaded transplanted hearts and displayed the same histopathologic findings as EFE from patients with HLHS. Loaded hearts and 2-wk-old hearts did not show these alterations. CONCLUSIONS This animal model for EFE will serve as a tool to study the mechanisms of EFE formation, such as fluid forces, in HLHS in a systematic manner. A better understanding of the underlying cause of the EFE formation in HLHS will help to develop novel treatment strategies to better preserve growth of the hypoplastic left ventricle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingeborg Friehs
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Brooks WW, Shen SS, Conrad CH, Goldstein RH, Bing OHL. Transition from compensated hypertrophy to systolic heart failure in the spontaneously hypertensive rat: Structure, function, and transcript analysis. Genomics 2009; 95:84-92. [PMID: 20006699 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2009.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2009] [Revised: 12/04/2009] [Accepted: 12/05/2009] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Gene expression, determined by micro-array analysis, and left ventricular (LV) remodeling associated with the transition to systolic heart failure (HF) were examined in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). By combining transcript and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of the LV with assessment of function and structure in age-matched SHR with and without HF, we aimed to better understand the molecular events underlying the onset of hypertensive HF. Failing hearts demonstrated depressed LV ejection fraction, systolic blood pressure, and LV papillary muscle force while LV end-diastolic and systolic volume and ventricular mass increased. 1431 transcripts were differentially expressed between failing and non-failing animals. GSEA identified multiple enriched gene sets, including those involving inflammation, oxidative stress, cell degradation and cell death, as well as TGF-beta and insulin signaling pathways. Our findings support the concept that these pathways and mechanisms may contribute to deterioration of cardiac function and remodeling associated with hypertensive HF.
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