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Halladay LR. Investigating Neural Correlates of Behavior Through In Vivo Electrophysiology. Curr Protoc 2023; 3:e769. [PMID: 37154436 PMCID: PMC10290908 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Behavioral neuroscience has long relied on in vivo electrophysiology to provide spatially and temporally precise answers to complex questions about the neural dynamics underlying sensory processing and action execution. Investigating the neural correlates of behavior can be challenging in freely behaving animals, especially when making inferences related to internal states that are temporally or conceptually ambiguous, such as decision-making or motivation. This necessitates careful creation of appropriate and rigorous controls and awareness of the many potential confounds when attributing neural signals to animal behavior. This article discusses fundamental considerations for the optimal design and interpretation of in vivo rodent electrophysiological recording experiments and focuses on the different optimization strategies required when investigating neural encoding of external stimuli versus free behavior. The first protocol offers suggestions specific to intracranial surgical implantation of multielectrode arrays. The second protocol delves into optimization strategies and tips useful for designing and interpreting recording experiments conducted in freely behaving rodents. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Surgical implantation of the multielectrode array Basic Protocol 2: Optimizing experimental design and parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay R. Halladay
- Department of Psychology, Santa Clara University, 500 El Camino Real, Santa Clara, California, 95053, USA
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Grayson M, Furr A, Ruparel S. Depiction of Oral Tumor-Induced Trigeminal Afferent Responses Using Single-Fiber Electrophysiology. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4574. [PMID: 30872649 PMCID: PMC6418205 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39824-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Considerable gap in knowledge exists about the mechanisms by which oral tumors regulate peripheral sensory fibers to produce pain and altered sensations. To address this gap, we used a murine model of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) of the tongue to investigate changes in response properties of trigeminal afferent neurons. Using this model, we developed an ex vivo method for single neuron recordings of the lingual nerve from isolated tongue tissue. Our data demonstrated that the tongue tumor produced increased spontaneous firing of lingual fibers compared to control as well as produced mechanical hypersensitivity and reduced von Frey thresholds of C- and A-slow-high-threshold mechanoreceptors (HTMR) fibers but had no effect on C-LTMR, A-slow-LTMR and A-fast lingual fibers. Mechanically-insensitive fibers were also detected in lingual afferents of the control group, that were significantly decreased in tumor-bearing preparations. Collectively, using single fiber electrophysiology of lingual sensory fibers, we show that human OSCC tumors sensitize peripheral trigeminal nerve terminals, providing a unique opportunity to study mechanisms of oral cancer pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Grayson
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ashley Furr
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Shivani Ruparel
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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Wilson S, Abode-Iyamah KO, Miller JW, Reddy CG, Safayi S, Fredericks DC, Jeffery ND, DeVries-Watson NA, Shivapour SK, Viljoen S, Dalm BD, Gibson-Corley KN, Johnson MD, Gillies GT, Howard MA. An ovine model of spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med 2017; 40:346-360. [PMID: 27759502 PMCID: PMC5472023 DOI: 10.1080/10790268.2016.1222475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a large animal model of spinal cord injury (SCI), for use in translational studies of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) in the treatment of spasticity. We seek to establish thresholds for the SCS parameters associated with reduction of post-SCI spasticity in the pelvic limbs, with implications for patients. STUDY DESIGN The weight-drop method was used to create a moderate SCI in adult sheep, leading to mild spasticity in the pelvic limbs. Electrodes for electromyography (EMG) and an epidural spinal cord stimulator were then implanted. Behavioral and electrophysiological data were taken during treadmill ambulation in six animals, and in one animal with and without SCS at 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.9 V. SETTING All surgical procedures were carried out at the University of Iowa. The gait measurements were made at Iowa State University. MATERIAL AND METHODS Nine adult female sheep were used in these institutionally approved protocols. Six of them were trained in treadmill ambulation prior to SCI surgeries, and underwent gait analysis pre- and post-SCI. Stretch reflex and H-reflex measurements were also made in conscious animals. RESULTS Gait analysis revealed repeatable quantitative differences in 20% of the key kinematic parameters of the sheep, pre- and post-SCI. Hock joint angular velocity increased toward the normal pre-injury baseline in the animal with SCS at 0.9 V. CONCLUSION The ovine model is workable as a large animal surrogate suitable for translational studies of novel SCS therapies aimed at relieving spasticity in patients with SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saul Wilson
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA,Correspondence to: Saul Wilson, Assistant Professor, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, 200 Hawkins Road, Iowa City, IA 52242-1086, USA.
| | | | - John W. Miller
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Chandan G. Reddy
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Sina Safayi
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Douglas C. Fredericks
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Nicholas D. Jeffery
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Nicole A. DeVries-Watson
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Sara K. Shivapour
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Stephanus Viljoen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Brian D. Dalm
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Katherine N. Gibson-Corley
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - George T. Gillies
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Matthew A. Howard
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
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