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Al-Rakan MA, Abothnain MD, Alrifai MT, Alfadhel M. Extending the ophthalmological phenotype of Galloway-Mowat syndrome with distinct retinal dysfunction: a report and review of ocular findings. BMC Ophthalmol 2018; 18:147. [PMID: 29929488 PMCID: PMC6013877 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-018-0820-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Galloway-Mowat syndrome (GMS) is a rare autosomal recessive condition first described in 1968 and characterized by microcephaly and infantile onset of central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities resulting in severely delayed psychomotor development, cerebellar atrophy, epilepsy, and ataxia, as well as renal abnormalities such as nephrotic syndrome, proteinuria, end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and hiatal hernia. Case presentation We describe a GMS case diagnosed with homozygous missense mutation in the WDR73 gene, with absence of renal abnormalities. We expanded the clinical phenotype of GMS with WDR73 gene defect to include retinal dysfunction with missense mutation and developmental dysplasia of the hip. We compared eye findings of our case to previously reported cases, and we present an electroretinogram (ERG) picture for the first time in the literature. Conclusion We recommend that clinicians screen patients with GM syndrome for retinal dysfunction and that a skeletal survey should be done to detect developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) so as to provide for early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha A Al-Rakan
- Deapartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal D Abothnain
- Deapartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad T Alrifai
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs (NGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majid Alfadhel
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, King Abdullah Specialized Children Hospital, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs (NGHA), PO Box 22490, Riyadh, 11426, Saudi Arabia.
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Hammer MB, Ding J, Mochel F, Eleuch-Fayache G, Charles P, Coutelier M, Gibbs JR, Arepalli SK, Chong SB, Hernandez DG, Majounie E, Clipman S, Bouhlal Y, Nehdi H, Brice A, Hentati F, Stevanin G, Amouri R, Durr A, Singleton AB. SLC25A46 Mutations Associated with Autosomal Recessive Cerebellar Ataxia in North African Families. NEURODEGENER DIS 2017; 17:208-212. [PMID: 28558379 DOI: 10.1159/000464445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxias (ARCA) are a complex group of neurodegenerative disorders with high clinical and genetic heterogeneity. In most cases, the cerebellar ataxia is not pure, and complicating clinical features such as pyramidal signs or extraneurological features are found. OBJECTIVE To identify the genetic origin of the cerebellar ataxia for 3 consanguineous North African families presenting with ARCA. METHODS Genome-wide high-density SNP genotyping and whole-exome sequencing were performed followed by Sanger sequencing for mutation confirmation. RESULTS Two variants were identified in SLC25A46. Mutations in this gene have been previously associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2 and optic atrophy. While the previously reported variant p.Arg340Cys seems to be consistently associated with the same clinical features such as childhood onset, optic atrophy, gait and speech difficulties, and wasting of the lower limbs, the patient with the novel mutation p.Trp160Ser did not present with optic atrophy and his ocular abnormalities were limited to nystagmus and saccadic pursuit. CONCLUSION In this study, we report a novel variant (p.Trp160Ser) in SLC25A46 and we broaden the phenotypic spectrum associated with mutations in SLC25A46.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monia B Hammer
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Vodopiutz J, Seidl R, Prayer D, Khan MI, Mayr JA, Streubel B, Steiß JO, Hahn A, Csaicsich D, Castro C, Assoum M, Müller T, Wieczorek D, Mancini GMS, Sadowski CE, Lévy N, Mégarbané A, Godbole K, Schanze D, Hildebrandt F, Delague V, Janecke AR, Zenker M. WDR73 Mutations Cause Infantile Neurodegeneration and Variable Glomerular Kidney Disease. Hum Mutat 2015; 36:1021-8. [PMID: 26123727 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Infantile-onset cerebellar atrophy (CA) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous trait. Galloway-Mowat syndrome (GMS) is a rare autosomal recessive disease, characterized by microcephaly with brain anomalies including CA in some cases, intellectual disability, and early-infantile-onset nephrotic syndrome. Very recently, WDR73 deficiency was identified as the cause of GMS in five individuals. To evaluate the role of WDR73 mutations as a cause of GMS and other forms of syndromic CA, we performed Sanger or exome sequencing in 51 unrelated patients with CA and variable brain anomalies and in 40 unrelated patients with a diagnosis of GMS. We identified 10 patients from three CA and from two GMS families with WDR73 mutations including the original family described with CA, mental retardation, optic atrophy, and skin abnormalities (CAMOS). There were five novel mutations, of which two were truncating and three were missense mutations affecting highly conserved residues. Individuals carrying homozygous WDR73 mutations mainly presented with a pattern of neurological and neuroimaging findings as well as intellectual disability, while kidney involvement was variable. We document postnatal onset of CA, a retinopathy, basal ganglia degeneration, and short stature as novel features of WDR73-related disease, and define WDR73-related disease as a new entity of infantile neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Vodopiutz
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Rainer Seidl
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Prayer
- Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - M Imran Khan
- Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes A Mayr
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Berthold Streubel
- Department of Obstetrics and Feto-Maternal Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Andreas Hahn
- Department of Child Neurology, Justus-Liebig-University, Gießen, Germany
| | - Dagmar Csaicsich
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Christel Castro
- Inserm, UMR_S 910, 13385, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Université, GMGF, Marseille, France
| | - Mirna Assoum
- Inserm, UMR_S 910, 13385, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Université, GMGF, Marseille, France
| | - Thomas Müller
- Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Grazia M S Mancini
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carolin E Sadowski
- Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Nicolas Lévy
- Inserm, UMR_S 910, 13385, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Université, GMGF, Marseille, France.,Département de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital d'Enfants de la Timone, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - André Mégarbané
- Université Saint Joseph, Campus des Sciences Médicales, Unité de génétique médicale, Lebanon.,Institut Jérôme Lejeune, Paris, France
| | - Koumudi Godbole
- Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital & Research Center, Erandawane, Pune, India
| | - Denny Schanze
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Valérie Delague
- Inserm, UMR_S 910, 13385, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Université, GMGF, Marseille, France
| | - Andreas R Janecke
- Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Division of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Zenker
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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Guergueltcheva V, Azmanov DN, Angelicheva D, Smith KR, Chamova T, Florez L, Bynevelt M, Nguyen T, Cherninkova S, Bojinova V, Kaprelyan A, Angelova L, Morar B, Chandler D, Kaneva R, Bahlo M, Tournev I, Kalaydjieva L. Autosomal-recessive congenital cerebellar ataxia is caused by mutations in metabotropic glutamate receptor 1. Am J Hum Genet 2012; 91:553-64. [PMID: 22901947 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosomal-recessive congenital cerebellar ataxia was identified in Roma patients originating from a small subisolate with a known strong founder effect. Patients presented with global developmental delay, moderate to severe stance and gait ataxia, dysarthria, mild dysdiadochokinesia, dysmetria and tremors, intellectual deficit, and mild pyramidal signs. Brain imaging revealed progressive generalized cerebellar atrophy, and inferior vermian hypoplasia and/or a constitutionally small brain were observed in some patients. Exome sequencing, used for linkage analysis on extracted SNP genotypes and for mutation detection, identified two novel (i.e., not found in any database) variants located 7 bp apart within a unique 6q24 linkage region. Both mutations cosegregated with the disease in five affected families, in which all ten patients were homozygous. The mutated gene, GRM1, encodes metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR1, which is highly expressed in cerebellar Purkinje cells and plays an important role in cerebellar development and synaptic plasticity. The two mutations affect a gene region critical for alternative splicing and the generation of receptor isoforms; they are a 3 bp exon 8 deletion and an intron 8 splicing mutation (c.2652_2654del and c.2660+2T>G, respectively [RefSeq accession number NM_000838.3]). The functional impact of the deletion is unclear and is overshadowed by the splicing defect. Although ataxia lymphoblastoid cell lines expressed GRM1 at levels comparable to those of control cells, the aberrant transcripts skipped exon 8 or ended in intron 8 and encoded various species of nonfunctional receptors either lacking the transmembrane domain and containing abnormal intracellular tails or completely missing the tail. The study implicates mGluR1 in human hereditary ataxia. It also illustrates the potential of the Roma founder populations for mutation identification by exome sequencing.
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CAMOS, a nonprogressive, autosomal recessive, congenital cerebellar ataxia, is caused by a mutant zinc-finger protein, ZNF592. Eur J Hum Genet 2010; 18:1107-13. [PMID: 20531441 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2010.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
CAMOS (Cerebellar Ataxia with Mental retardation, Optic atrophy and Skin abnormalities) is a rare autosomal recessive syndrome characterized by a nonprogressive congenital cerebellar ataxia associated with mental retardation, optic atrophy, and skin abnormalities. Using homozygosity mapping in a large inbred Lebanese Druze family, we previously reported the mapping of the disease gene at chromosome 15q24-q26 to a 3.6-cM interval between markers D15S206 and D15S199. Screening of candidate genes lying in this region led to the identification of a homozygous p.Gly1046Arg missense mutation in ZNF592, in all five affected individuals of the family. ZNF592 encodes a 1267-amino-acid zinc-finger (ZnF) protein, and the mutation, located within the eleventh ZnF, is predicted to affect the DNA-binding properties of ZNF592. Although the precise role of ZNF592 remains to be determined, our results suggest that ZNF592 is implicated in a complex developmental pathway, and that the mutation is likely to disturb the highly orchestrated regulation of genes during cerebellar development, by either disrupting interactions with target DNA or with a partner protein.
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