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Atomic level fluxional behavior and activity of CeO 2-supported Pt catalysts for CO oxidation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5789. [PMID: 34608153 PMCID: PMC8490411 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26047-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Reducible oxides are widely used catalyst supports that can increase oxidation reaction rates by transferring lattice oxygen at the metal-support interface. There are many outstanding questions regarding the atomic-scale dynamic meta-stability (i.e., fluxional behavior) of the interface during catalysis. Here, we employ aberration-corrected operando electron microscopy to visualize the structural dynamics occurring at and near Pt/CeO2 interfaces during CO oxidation. We show that the catalytic turnover frequency correlates with fluxional behavior that (a) destabilizes the supported Pt particle, (b) marks an enhanced rate of oxygen vacancy creation and annihilation, and (c) leads to increased strain and reduction in the CeO2 support surface. Overall, the results implicate the interfacial Pt-O-Ce bonds anchoring the Pt to the support as being involved also in the catalytically-driven oxygen transfer process, and they suggest that oxygen reduction takes place on the highly reduced CeO2 surface before migrating to the interfacial perimeter for reaction with CO.
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Vasilyeva IG, Vikulova ES, Morozova NB, Pochtar AA, Igumenov IK. Invisible Surface Oxygen Vacancies in a Thin MgO Film: Impacts on the Chemical Activity and Secondary Electron Emission. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:17999-18009. [PMID: 33269923 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Today, Fs defects in MgO as isolated surface neutral oxygen vacancies are in the focus of surface science, catalysis research, and emission coating of microchannel plates. With the 10-4 atom % content at 750 K and under pO2 = 10-9 Torr, estimated by us from the known equilibrium T-x and p-T-x diagrams of MgO, Fs defects remain invisible or difficult-to-detect objects. The MgO(100) → MgO(100) + Fs + 1/2O2 phase transition was studied in MgO films deposited by the metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) procedure from the mixed-ligand Mg precursor on Si substrates at 725 K in the O2 flow where the nonstoichiometric phase (MgO/Fs) is formed in the gas medium containing simultaneous H2, CO, H2O, CO, and O2 species in unbalanced concentrations. Realization of the above transition was proven theoretically and experimentally through kinetic-thermodynamic analysis of the nonequilibrium system with revealing thermodynamic motive forces, i.e., the positive enthalpy and entropy, as well as through a new combination of diagnostic methods including the original differential dissolution method, due to which separate determination of the point and morphological defects was achieved. It was found that Fs defects occur when oxygen in the immediate vicinity to the substrate surface is replaced practically completely by the oxidized products of the precursor and the resulting oxygen pressure becomes enough for this process. The 90 mass % of the as-deposited MgO-film-involved (MgO/Fs) phase; its chemical activity is demonstrated through dissolution in hot water, while the electron donor activity is through 9 at 750 eV secondary electron yield. A good understanding of gas-phase reactions between the precursors and oxygen provides the fundamental basis of the MOCVD process to deposit MgO films that are dense, free from carbon, and of homogeneous texture. This makes the MOCVD process suitable also for use as coatings of microchannel plates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga G Vasilyeva
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Ac. Lavrentyev Avenue 3, Novosobirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Evgeniia S Vikulova
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Ac. Lavrentyev Avenue 3, Novosobirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Natalia B Morozova
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Ac. Lavrentyev Avenue 3, Novosobirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Alena A Pochtar
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Ac. Lavrentyev Avenue 5, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Igor K Igumenov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Ac. Lavrentyev Avenue 3, Novosobirsk 630090, Russia
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Kalz KF, Kraehnert R, Dvoyashkin M, Dittmeyer R, Gläser R, Krewer U, Reuter K, Grunwaldt J. Future Challenges in Heterogeneous Catalysis: Understanding Catalysts under Dynamic Reaction Conditions. ChemCatChem 2017; 9:17-29. [PMID: 28239429 PMCID: PMC5299475 DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201600996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In the future, (electro-)chemical catalysts will have to be more tolerant towards a varying supply of energy and raw materials. This is mainly due to the fluctuating nature of renewable energies. For example, power-to-chemical processes require a shift from steady-state operation towards operation under dynamic reaction conditions. This brings along a number of demands for the design of both catalysts and reactors, because it is well-known that the structure of catalysts is very dynamic. However, in-depth studies of catalysts and catalytic reactors under such transient conditions have only started recently. This requires studies and advances in the fields of 1) operando spectroscopy including time-resolved methods, 2) theory with predictive quality, 3) kinetic modelling, 4) design of catalysts by appropriate preparation concepts, and 5) novel/modular reactor designs. An intensive exchange between these scientific disciplines will enable a substantial gain of fundamental knowledge which is urgently required. This concept article highlights recent developments, challenges, and future directions for understanding catalysts under dynamic reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai F. Kalz
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)D-76344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Ralph Kraehnert
- Department of ChemistryTechnische Universität BerlinD-10623BerlinGermany
| | - Muslim Dvoyashkin
- Institute of Chemical TechnologyUniversität LeipzigD-04103LeipzigGermany
| | - Roland Dittmeyer
- Institute for Micro Process Engineering (IMVT)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)D-76344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Roger Gläser
- Institute of Chemical TechnologyUniversität LeipzigD-04103LeipzigGermany
| | - Ulrike Krewer
- Institute of Energy and Process Systems EngineeringTU BraunschweigD-38106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Karsten Reuter
- Chair for Theoretical Chemistry and Catalysis Research CenterTechnische Universität MünchenD-85747GarchingGermany
| | - Jan‐Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)D-76344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)D-76131KarlsruheGermany
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Villa A, Dimitratos N, Chan-Thaw CE, Hammond C, Veith GM, Wang D, Manzoli M, Prati L, Hutchings GJ. Characterisation of gold catalysts. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:4953-94. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00350d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Au-based catalysts have established a new important field of catalysis, revealing specific properties in terms of both high activity and selectivity for many reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Villa
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università degli studi di Milano
- Milano
- Italy
| | | | | | | | - Gabriel M. Veith
- Materials Science and Technology Division
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory
- Oak Ridge
- USA
| | - Di Wang
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | - Maela Manzoli
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Torino
- Torino
- Italy
| | - Laura Prati
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università degli studi di Milano
- Milano
- Italy
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Tinoco M, Sanchez JJ, Yeste MP, Lopez-Haro M, Trasobares S, Hungria AB, Bayle-Guillemaud P, Blanco G, Pintado JM, Calvino JJ. Low-Lanthanide-Content CeO2/MgO Catalysts with Outstandingly Stable Oxygen Storage Capacities: An In-Depth Structural Characterization by Advanced STEM Techniques. ChemCatChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201500855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Tinoco
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería, Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Cadiz; 11510 Puerto Real Cádiz Spain
| | - Juan J. Sanchez
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería, Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Cadiz; 11510 Puerto Real Cádiz Spain
| | - María P. Yeste
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería, Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Cadiz; 11510 Puerto Real Cádiz Spain
| | - Miguel Lopez-Haro
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería, Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Cadiz; 11510 Puerto Real Cádiz Spain
- CEA-INAC/UJF-Grenoble 1UMR-E, SP2M, LEMMA; Minatec; 38054 Grenoble, Cedex 9 France
| | - Susana Trasobares
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería, Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Cadiz; 11510 Puerto Real Cádiz Spain
| | - Ana B. Hungria
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería, Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Cadiz; 11510 Puerto Real Cádiz Spain
| | | | - Ginesa Blanco
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería, Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Cadiz; 11510 Puerto Real Cádiz Spain
| | - José M. Pintado
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería, Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Cadiz; 11510 Puerto Real Cádiz Spain
| | - José J. Calvino
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería, Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Cadiz; 11510 Puerto Real Cádiz Spain
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Su DS, Zhang B, Schlögl R. Electron microscopy of solid catalysts--transforming from a challenge to a toolbox. Chem Rev 2015; 115:2818-82. [PMID: 25826447 DOI: 10.1021/cr500084c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dang Sheng Su
- †Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.,‡Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bingsen Zhang
- †Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Robert Schlögl
- ‡Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Zhang B, Su DS. Transmission electron microscopy and the science of carbon nanomaterials. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:222-229. [PMID: 23913822 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201301303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Carbon is a unique and versatile element that is capable of forming different architectures at nanoscale. The element has become a key component in nanoscience and nanotechnology. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) acts as "our eyes" enabling us not only to reveal the morphology, but also to provide structural, chemical and electronic information of nanocarbon on the atomic level. In fact, except for fullerene, nearly all types of carbon nanomaterials were discovered by TEM, such as carbon nanotubes, carbon nanocones, and graphene-like nanocarbon. It cannot be imagined what nanoscience and nanotechnology would be without the contributions of TEM. Herein, the "interaction" between TEM and the science of carbon nanomaterials is reviewed and it is demonstrated for some selected examples that TEM provides a dramatic driving force for the development of nanocarbon science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingsen Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
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Wang D, Villa A, Spontoni P, Su D, Prati L. In Situ Formation of Au-Pd Bimetallic Active Sites Promoting the Physically Mixed Monometallic Catalysts in the Liquid-Phase Oxidation of Alcohols. Chemistry 2010; 16:10007-13. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201001330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Reddy BM, Saikia P, Bharali P. Highly Dispersed Ce x Zr1−x O2 Nano-Oxides Over Alumina, Silica and Titania Supports for Catalytic Applications. CATALYSIS SURVEYS FROM ASIA 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10563-008-9053-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Keskinen H, Mäkelä JM, Heikkinen R, Suopanki A, Keskinen J. Synthesis of Pd–alumina and Pd–lanthana Suspension for Catalytic Applications by One-step Liquid Flame Spray. Catal Letters 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-007-9218-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Reddy BM, Lakshmanan P, Khan A, López-Cartes C, Rojas TC, Fernandez A. Structural Characterization of CeO2−ZrO2/TiO2and V2O5/CeO2−ZrO2/TiO2Mixed Oxide Catalysts by XRD, Raman Spectroscopy, HREM, and Other Techniques. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:1781-7. [PMID: 16851158 DOI: 10.1021/jp045723+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Structural characteristics of CeO(2)-ZrO(2)/TiO(2) (CZ/T) and V(2)O(5)/CeO(2)-ZrO(2)/TiO(2) (V/CZ/T) mixed oxide catalysts have been investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), BET surface area, Raman spectroscopy (RS), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HREM) techniques. The CeO(2)-ZrO(2) (1:1 mole ratio) solid solution was deposited over a finely powdered TiO(2) support by a deposition precipitation method. A nominal 5 wt % V(2)O(5) was impregnated over the calcined (773 K) CZ/T mixed oxide carrier by a wet impregnation technique. The obtained CZ/T and V/CZ/T samples were further subjected to thermal treatments from 773 to 1073 K to understand the dispersion and temperature stability of these materials. In the case of CZ/T samples, the XRD results suggest the formation of different cubic and tetragonal Ce-Zr-oxide phases, Ce(0.75)Zr(0.25)O(2), Ce(0.6)Zr(0.4)O(2), Ce(0.5)Zr(0.5)O(2), and Ce(0.16)Zr(0.84)O(2) in varying proportions depending on the treatment temperature. With increasing calcination temperature from 773 to 1073 K, the intensity of the lines pertaining to cubic Ce(0.6)Zr(0.4)O(2) and Ce(0.5)Zr(0.5)O(2) phases increased at the expense of cubic Ce(0.75)Zr(0.25)O(2), indicating more incorporation of zirconia into the ceria lattice. The TiO(2) was mainly in the anatase form whose crystallite size also increased with increasing treatment temperature. A better crystallization and more incorporation of zirconia into the ceria lattice was noted when CZ/T was impregnated with V(2)O(5). However, no crystalline V(2)O(5) could be seen from both XRD and RS measurements. In particular, a preferential formation of CeVO(4) compound and an intense tetragonal Ce(0.16)Zr(0.84)O(2) phase were noted beyond 873 K. The HREM results indicate, in the case of CZ/T samples, a well-dispersed Ce-Zr-oxide of the size approximately 5 nm over the bigger crystals ( approximately 40 nm) of TiO(2) when treated at 873 K. The exact structural features of these crystals as determined by digital diffraction analysis of experimental images reveal that the Ce-Zr-oxides are mainly in the cubic fluorite geometry and the TiO(2) is in anatase form. A better crystallization of Ce-Zr-oxides ( approximately 8 nm) over the surface of bigger crystals of TiO(2) was noted at 1073 K. A further enhancement in the crystallite size and zirconia-rich tetragonal phase was noted in the case of V/CZ/T samples. Further, the structure of CeVO(4) formed was also clearly identified in conformity with XRD and RS results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjaram M Reddy
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500007, India.
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Fernández-García M, Martínez-Arias A, Hanson JC, Rodriguez JA. Nanostructured Oxides in Chemistry: Characterization and Properties. Chem Rev 2004; 104:4063-104. [PMID: 15352786 DOI: 10.1021/cr030032f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 803] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Fernández-García
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, C/ Marie Curie s/n, Campus Cantoblanco, 28049-Madrid, Spain
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Baker RT, Bernal S, Calvino JJ, Pérez-Omil JA, López-Cartes C. Nano-Scale Characterisation of Supported Phases in Catalytic Materials by High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-9048-8_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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