1
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Chen L, Sun X, Ren Y, Wang R, Sun M, Liang W. Enhancing melt strength of polyglycolic acid by reactive extrusion with chain extenders. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Chen
- Advanced Materials Center National Institute of Clean‐and‐Low‐Carbon Energy Beijing China
| | - Xiaojie Sun
- Advanced Materials Center National Institute of Clean‐and‐Low‐Carbon Energy Beijing China
| | - Yueqing Ren
- Advanced Materials Center National Institute of Clean‐and‐Low‐Carbon Energy Beijing China
| | - Rong Wang
- Advanced Materials Center National Institute of Clean‐and‐Low‐Carbon Energy Beijing China
| | - Miaomiao Sun
- Advanced Materials Center National Institute of Clean‐and‐Low‐Carbon Energy Beijing China
| | - Wenbin Liang
- Advanced Materials Center National Institute of Clean‐and‐Low‐Carbon Energy Beijing China
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2
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Santos RM, Costa ARM, Almeida YMB, Carvalho LH, Delgado JMPQ, Lima ES, Magalhães HLF, Gomez RS, Leite BE, Rolim FD, Figueiredo MJ, Lima AGB. Thermal and Rheological Characterization of Recycled PET/Virgin HDPE Blend Compatibilized with PE-g-MA and an Epoxy Chain Extender. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14061144. [PMID: 35335475 PMCID: PMC8952426 DOI: 10.3390/polym14061144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PETR) was blended with virgin high-density polyethylene (HDPE) in an internal mixer in an attempt to obtain a material with improved properties. A compatibilizer (PE-g-MA) and a chain extender (Joncryl) were added to the PETR/HDPE blend and the rheological and thermal properties of the modified and unmodified blends as well as those of virgin PET with virgin HDPE (PETV/HDPE). All the blends were characterized by torque rheometry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The data obtained indicate that the incorporation of either the chain extender or the compatibilizer agent led to increases in torque (and hence in viscosity) of the blend compared to that of the neat polymers. The joint incorporation of the chain extender and compatibilizer further increased the viscosity of the systems. Their effect on the crystallinity parameters of HDPE was minimal, but they reduced the crystallinity and crystallization temperature of virgin and recycled PET in the blends. The thermal stability of the PETR/HDPE blend was similar to that of the PETV/HDPE blend, and it was not affected by the incorporation of the chain extender and/or compatibilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel M. Santos
- Postgraduate in Process Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-900, Brazil; (R.M.S.); (B.E.L.)
| | - Anna R. M. Costa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50740-520, Brazil; (A.R.M.C.); (Y.M.B.A.)
| | - Yêda M. B. Almeida
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50740-520, Brazil; (A.R.M.C.); (Y.M.B.A.)
| | - Laura H. Carvalho
- Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-900, Brazil;
| | - João M. P. Q. Delgado
- CONSTRUCT-LFC, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-225081404
| | - Elisiane S. Lima
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-900, Brazil; (E.S.L.); (R.S.G.); (A.G.B.L.)
| | - Hortência L. F. Magalhães
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-900, Brazil;
| | - Ricardo S. Gomez
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-900, Brazil; (E.S.L.); (R.S.G.); (A.G.B.L.)
| | - Boniek E. Leite
- Postgraduate in Process Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-900, Brazil; (R.M.S.); (B.E.L.)
| | - Fagno D. Rolim
- Teacher Training Center, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cajazeiras 58900-000, Brazil;
| | - Maria J. Figueiredo
- Department of Agro-Industrial Management and Technology, Federal University of Paraíba, Bananeiras 58220-000, Brazil;
| | - Antonio G. B. Lima
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-900, Brazil; (E.S.L.); (R.S.G.); (A.G.B.L.)
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3
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Jang JY, Sadeghi K, Seo J. Chain-Extending Modification for Value-Added Recycled PET: A Review. POLYM REV 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2022.2033765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Young Jang
- Department of Packaging, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwondo, Korea
| | - Kambiz Sadeghi
- Department of Packaging, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwondo, Korea
| | - Jongchul Seo
- Department of Packaging, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwondo, Korea
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4
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Polyolefins and Polyethylene Terephthalate Package Wastes: Recycling and Use in Composites. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14217306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Plastics are versatile materials used in a variety of sectors that have seen a rapid increase in their global production. Millions of tonnes of plastic wastes are generated each year, which puts pressure on plastic waste management methods to prevent their accumulation within the environment. Recycling is an attractive disposal method and aids the initiative of a circular plastic economy, but recycling still has challenges to overcome. This review starts with an overview of the current European recycling strategies for solid plastic waste and the challenges faced. Emphasis lies on the recycling of polyolefins (POs) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) which are found in plastic packaging, as packaging contributes a signification proportion to solid plastic wastes. Both sections, the recycling of POs and PET, discuss the sources of wastes, chemical and mechanical recycling, effects of recycling on the material properties, strategies to improve the performance of recycled POs and PET, and finally the applications of recycled POs and PET. The review concludes with a discussion of the future potential and opportunities of recycled POs and PET.
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5
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Caner D, Doganci E, Dandan Doganci M, Ozkoc G. Preparation of hetero-armed POSS-cored star-shaped PCL-PLA/PLA composites and effect of different diisocyanates as compatibilizer. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 122:104656. [PMID: 34218016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Eight-armed A4B4-type hetero-arm star-shaped PCL-PLA polymers ((PCL)4-POSS-(PLA)4, SPLA30) with POSS core were successfully prepared via combination of the "arm-first" approach utilizing ring-opening polymerization (ROP) and click chemistry techniques. Firstly, alkyne-functional PLA and PCL polymers having arms with 30 repeating units were synthesized via ROP with utilizing propargyl alcohol as initiator and stannous octoate (Sn(Oct)2) as catalyst. Then, the obtained hetero-armed star-shaped polymers were prepared by Cu(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) click reaction between alkyne functional polymers (1:1 PCL:PLA) and azido functional polyhedral oligomeric silsesquoxane (POSS-(N3)8) molecules. Finally, these obtained star-shaped SPLA30 was blended with neat PLA at different PLA/SPLA30 ratios (95/5 and 90/10 wt%) via melt blending by utilizing micro-compounder (a lab-scale) to enhance thermal, morphological, and mechanical properties of neat PLA. Also, different diisocyanates (1,4-phenylene diisocyanate (PDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), and toluene 2,4-diisocyanate (TDI)) at constant ratio (1 wt%) were used as a chain extender bonding terminal group of polymers. It was found that addition of SPLA30 and SPLA30+ diisocyanates provided improvements in mechanical properties (especially in elongation at break and impact strength) of neat PLA. When the thermal properties were examined, it was seen that the decomposition temperatures of the blends decreased significantly compared to neat PLA and that there was a significant increment in the Tg and Tm values. In addition, it has been found that especially the diisocyanates added to provide good interfacial adhesion with polymer blends and show a homogeneous distribution on the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derya Caner
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Kocaeli University, 41001, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Erdinc Doganci
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Kocaeli University, 41001, Kocaeli, Turkey; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technology, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Merve Dandan Doganci
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Kocaeli University, 41001, Kocaeli, Turkey; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technology, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Guralp Ozkoc
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Kocaeli University, 41001, Kocaeli, Turkey; Department of Chemical Engineering, Kocaeli University, 41001, Kocaeli, Turkey; Sabanci University SUNUM Nanotechnology Res. and App. Center, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
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6
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Standau T, Nofar M, Dörr D, Ruckdäschel H, Altstädt V. A Review on Multifunctional Epoxy-Based Joncryl® ADR Chain Extended Thermoplastics. POLYM REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2021.1918710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Standau
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Mohammadreza Nofar
- Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Department Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
- Polymer Science and Technology Program, Institute of Science and Technology, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dominik Dörr
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Holger Ruckdäschel
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Volker Altstädt
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
- Bavarian Polymer Institute and Bayreuth Institute of Macromolecular Research, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
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7
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Dolatshah S, Ahmadi S, Ershad‐Langroudi A, Jashni H. Rheological/thermal properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate) modified by chain extenders of pyromellitic dianhydride and pentaerythritol. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hedieh Jashni
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute Tehran Iran
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8
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Doganci MD. Effects of star-shaped PCL having different numbers of arms on the mechanical, morphological, and thermal properties of PLA/PCL blends. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-020-02380-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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9
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Pandey V, Seese M, Maia JM, Schiraldi DA. Thermo‐rheological analysis of various chain extended recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate). POLYM ENG SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Pandey
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio USA
| | - Michael Seese
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio USA
| | - João M. Maia
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio USA
| | - David A. Schiraldi
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio USA
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Montava-Jorda S, Lascano D, Quiles-Carrillo L, Montanes N, Boronat T, Martinez-Sanz AV, Ferrandiz-Bou S, Torres-Giner S. Mechanical Recycling of Partially Bio-Based and Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate Blends by Reactive Extrusion with Poly(styrene- co-glycidyl methacrylate). Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12010174. [PMID: 31936575 PMCID: PMC7023399 DOI: 10.3390/polym12010174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, partially bio-based polyethylene terephthalate (bio-PET) was melt-mixed at 15-45 wt% with recycled polyethylene terephthalate (r-PET) obtained from remnants of the injection blowing process of contaminant-free food-use bottles. The resultant compounded materials were thereafter shaped into pieces by injection molding for characterization. Poly(styrene-co-glycidyl methacrylate) (PS-co-GMA) was added at 1-5 parts per hundred resin (phr) of polyester blend during the extrusion process to counteract the ductility and toughness reduction that occurred in the bio-PET pieces after the incorporation of r-PET. This random copolymer effectively acted as a chain extender in the polyester blend, resulting in injection-molded pieces with slightly higher mechanical resistance properties and nearly the same ductility and toughness than those of neat bio-PET. In particular, for the polyester blend containing 45 wt% of r-PET, elongation at break (εb) increased from 10.8% to 378.8% after the addition of 5 phr of PS-co-GMA, while impact strength also improved from 1.84 kJ·m-2 to 2.52 kJ·m-2. The mechanical enhancement attained was related to the formation of branched and larger macromolecules by a mechanism of chain extension based on the reaction of the multiple glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) groups present in PS-co-GMA with the hydroxyl (-OH) and carboxyl (-COOH) terminal groups of both bio-PET and r-PET. Furthermore, all the polyester blend pieces showed thermal and dimensional stabilities similar to those of neat bio-PET, remaining stable up to more than 400 °C. Therefore, the use low contents of the tested multi-functional copolymer can successfully restore the properties of bio-based but non-biodegradable polyesters during melt reprocessing with their recycled petrochemical counterparts and an effective mechanical recycling is achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Montava-Jorda
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering (DIMM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain;
| | - Diego Lascano
- Technological Institute of Materials (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (D.L.); (L.Q.-C.); (N.M.); (T.B.); (S.F.-B.)
- Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Ladrón de Guevara E11-253, Quito 17-01-2759, Ecuador
| | - Luis Quiles-Carrillo
- Technological Institute of Materials (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (D.L.); (L.Q.-C.); (N.M.); (T.B.); (S.F.-B.)
| | - Nestor Montanes
- Technological Institute of Materials (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (D.L.); (L.Q.-C.); (N.M.); (T.B.); (S.F.-B.)
| | - Teodomiro Boronat
- Technological Institute of Materials (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (D.L.); (L.Q.-C.); (N.M.); (T.B.); (S.F.-B.)
| | - Antonio Vicente Martinez-Sanz
- Institute of Design and Manufacturing (IDF), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain;
| | - Santiago Ferrandiz-Bou
- Technological Institute of Materials (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (D.L.); (L.Q.-C.); (N.M.); (T.B.); (S.F.-B.)
| | - Sergio Torres-Giner
- Novel Materials and Nanotechnology Group, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Calle Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 7, 46980 Paterna, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-963-900-022
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11
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Mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of poly(lactic acid) by using star-shaped poly(ε-caprolactone) with POSS core. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.109316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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12
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Höhnemann T, Himmler M, Schubert DW. Molecular structure influence on bending behavior of polyester filaments examined using a modified cantilever bending test. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Höhnemann
- Institute of Polymer MaterialsFriedrich‐Alexander University Erlangen‐Nuremberg Martensstraße 7 90158 Erlangen Germany
| | - Marcus Himmler
- Institute of Polymer MaterialsFriedrich‐Alexander University Erlangen‐Nuremberg Martensstraße 7 90158 Erlangen Germany
- Bavarian Polymer InstituteKey Lab Advanced Fiber Technology Dr.‐Mack‐Straße 7790762 Fürth Germany
| | - Dirk Wolfram Schubert
- Institute of Polymer MaterialsFriedrich‐Alexander University Erlangen‐Nuremberg Martensstraße 7 90158 Erlangen Germany
- Bavarian Polymer InstituteKey Lab Advanced Fiber Technology Dr.‐Mack‐Straße 7790762 Fürth Germany
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13
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Zahir Rahem, Douibi A, Lallam A, Delaite C, Guessoum M. Synergistic Combination of Crystallization and Addition of a Toughening Agent to Promote Recycled Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Performances. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x19050158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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14
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Benvenuta‐Tapia JJ, Vivaldo‐Lima E, Guerrero‐Santos R. Effect of copolymers synthesized by nitroxide‐mediated polymerization as chain extenders of postconsumer poly(ethylene terephthalate) waste. POLYM ENG SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan José Benvenuta‐Tapia
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Ingeniería QuímicaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México 04510 Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - Eduardo Vivaldo‐Lima
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Ingeniería QuímicaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México 04510 Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - Ramiro Guerrero‐Santos
- Polymer Synthesis DepartmentCentro de Investigación en Química Aplicada (CIQA), CP 25294, Blvd Enrique Reyna Hermosillo Saltillo Coahuila Mexico
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15
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Liu J, Ye L, Zhao X. Preparation of long‐chain branched poly(ethylene terephthalate): Molecular entanglement structure and toughening mechanism. POLYM ENG SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringPolymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Lin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringPolymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Xiaowen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringPolymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
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16
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Berg D, Schaefer K, Moeller M. Impact of the chain extension of poly(ethylene terephthalate) with 1,3‐phenylene‐bis‐oxazoline and
N
,
N
′‐carbonylbiscaprolactam by reactive extrusion on its properties. POLYM ENG SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Berg
- DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e. V. and Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry (ITMC)RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany
| | - Karola Schaefer
- DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e. V. and Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry (ITMC)RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany
| | - Martin Moeller
- DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e. V. and Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry (ITMC)RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany
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17
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Kilic NT, Can BN, Kodal M, Ozkoc G. Compatibilization of PLA/PBAT blends by using Epoxy-POSS. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nilay T. Kilic
- Kocaeli University; Chemical Engineering Department; Kocaeli 41380 Turkey
| | - Buse N. Can
- Kocaeli University; Chemical Engineering Department; Kocaeli 41380 Turkey
| | - Mehmet Kodal
- Kocaeli University; Chemical Engineering Department; Kocaeli 41380 Turkey
| | - Guralp Ozkoc
- Kocaeli University; Chemical Engineering Department; Kocaeli 41380 Turkey
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18
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Khaledi B, Golshan Ebrahimi N. Structural analysis of poly(ethylene terephthalate) modified by polypropylene-graft-maleic anhydride from rheological data. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Khaledi
- Chemical Engineering Faculty, Polymer Engineering Department; Tarbiat Modares University; P.O. Box 14115-114 Iran
| | - Nadereh Golshan Ebrahimi
- Chemical Engineering Faculty, Polymer Engineering Department; Tarbiat Modares University; P.O. Box 14115-114 Iran
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19
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Yang Z, Xin C, Mughal W, Li X, He Y. High-melt-elasticity poly(ethylene terephthalate) produced by reactive extrusion with a multi-functional epoxide for foaming. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoping Yang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
| | - Chunling Xin
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
| | - Waqas Mughal
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
| | - Xiaogang Li
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
| | - Yadong He
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
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20
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Li J, Tang S, Wu Z, Zheng A, Guan Y, Wei D. Branching and cross-linking of poly(ethylene terephthalate) and its foaming properties. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1560090417020051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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González-Ausejo J, Sánchez-Safont E, Lagarón JM, Balart R, Cabedo L, Gámez-Pérez J. Compatibilization of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)-poly(lactic acid) blends with diisocyanates. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - José Maria Lagarón
- Novel Materials and Nanotechnology Group, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; 46980 Paterna (Valencia) Spain
| | - Rafael Balart
- Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Campus de Alcoi; 03801 Alcoy (Alicante) Spain
| | - Luis Cabedo
- Polymer and Advanced Materials Group; Universidad Jaume I; 12071 Castellon Spain
| | - José Gámez-Pérez
- Polymer and Advanced Materials Group; Universidad Jaume I; 12071 Castellon Spain
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22
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Can S, Karsli NG, Yesil S, Aytac A. Improving the properties of recycled PET/PEN blends by using different chain extenders. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2015-0268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The main aim of this study was to improve the mechanical properties of the recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate)/poly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalate) (r-PET/PEN) blends by enhancing the miscibility between PET and PEN with the usage of chain extenders. This idea was novel for the recycled PET-based r-PET/PEN blends, as investigation of the effects of the chain extender usage on the properties of r-PET/PEN blends has not been studied in the literature, according to our knowledge. 1,4-Phenylene-bis-oxazoline (PBO), 1,4-phenylene-di-isocyanate (PDI), and triphenyl phosphite (TPP) were selected as chain extenders. The maximum tensile strength value was observed for the 1.0PDI sample. Moreover, PDI-based blends exhibited better Izod impact strength when compared with all other samples. The miscibility and degree of crystallinity values of all blends were discussed by means of thermal analysis. 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) analysis was carried out to determine transesterification reaction levels. According to 1H-NMR results, the increase in the level of transesterification was around 40% with the usage of PDI. The optimum loading level for selected chain extenders was determined as 1 wt.%, and PDI-based blends exhibited better properties when compared with those of the blends based on PBO and TPP at this loading level.
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Yan H, Yuan H, Gao F, Zhao L, Liu T. Modification of poly(ethylene terephthalate) by combination of reactive extrusion and followed solid-state polycondensation for melt foaming. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haichao Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
| | - Haitao Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
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Dogan SK, Reyes EA, Rastogi S, Ozkoc G. Reactive compatibilization of PLA/TPU blends with a diisocyanate. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Efren Andablo Reyes
- Department of Materials; Loughborough University; Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU United Kingdom
| | - Sanjay Rastogi
- Department of Materials; Loughborough University; Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU United Kingdom
| | - Guralp Ozkoc
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Kocaeli University; 41380 Kocaeli Turkey
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ZHONG H, XI Z, LIU T, ZHAO L. In-situ Polymerization-modification Process and Foaming of Poly(ethylene terephthalate). Chin J Chem Eng 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s1004-9541(13)60543-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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26
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Cassagnau P, Bounor-Legaré V, Fenouillot F. Reactive Processing of Thermoplastic Polymers: A Review of the Fundamental Aspects. INT POLYM PROC 2013. [DOI: 10.3139/217.2032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The review is devoted to the fundamental aspects of the reactive processing of thermoplastic polymers. First of all, some reactive processing examples, including polymer grafting (vinyl silane, maleic anhydride) and/or functionalization, bulk polymerization (urethane, lactams, acrylate, ∊-capolactone), polyester modification and new copolymers synthesis, are presented. From a fundamental point of view, the review covers the state of the art in the domains of rheology (specifically modelling of rheo-kinetics), diffusion and mixing in highly viscous reactive or non reactive media. Finally, 1, 2 and 3-D simulation of the reactive extrusion process in twin-screw extruder is reported at the end of the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Cassagnau
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France, IML/LMPB UMR-CNRS #5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères: Laboratoire desMatériaux Polymères et Biomatériaux, Villeurbanne, France
| | - V. Bounor-Legaré
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France, IML/LMPB UMR-CNRS #5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères: Laboratoire desMatériaux Polymères et Biomatériaux, Villeurbanne, France
| | - F. Fenouillot
- Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères: Laboratoire des Matériaux Macromoléculaires, IMP/LMM UMR-CNRS #5223, INSA-Lyon, 69621 Villeurbanne cedex – France
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Ghanbari A, Heuzey M, Carreau P, Ton-That M. A novel approach to control thermal degradation of PET/organoclay nanocomposites and improve clay exfoliation. POLYMER 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Fukushima K, Coady DJ, Jones GO, Almegren HA, Alabdulrahman AM, Alsewailem FD, Horn HW, Rice JE, Hedrick JL. Unexpected efficiency of cyclic amidine catalysts in depolymerizing poly(ethylene terephthalate). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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29
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Fukushima K, Lecuyer JM, Wei DS, Horn HW, Jones GO, Al-Megren HA, Alabdulrahman AM, Alsewailem FD, McNeil MA, Rice JE, Hedrick JL. Advanced chemical recycling of poly(ethylene terephthalate) through organocatalytic aminolysis. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py20793a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Xiao L, Wang H, Qian Q, Jiang X, Liu X, Huang B, Chen Q. Molecular and structural analysis of epoxide-modified recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) from rheological data. POLYM ENG SCI 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.23175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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31
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XIONG BIJIN, ZHU SHIPENG, FAN YING, LI HUILIN, SHI MEIWU, CAO YA. Hydrophobic Modification of Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) with Epoxy-Modified Polysiloxane by Reactive Extrusion. J MACROMOL SCI B 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2011.609787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- BIJIN XIONG
- a State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering , Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan , People's Republic of China
| | - SHIPENG ZHU
- a State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering , Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan , People's Republic of China
| | - YING FAN
- a State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering , Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan , People's Republic of China
| | - HUILIN LI
- a State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering , Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan , People's Republic of China
| | - MEIWU SHI
- b The Equipment Research Institute of the General Logistics Department of the Chinese People's Liberation Army , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - YA CAO
- a State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering , Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan , People's Republic of China
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Raffa P, Coltelli MB, Savi S, Bianchi S, Castelvetro V. Chain extension and branching of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) with di- and multifunctional epoxy or isocyanate additives: An experimental and modelling study. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2011.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Zhang Y, Zhang C, Li H, Du Z. Effect of cyclotrimerization of bisphenol-A dicyanate monomer on poly(ethylene terephthalate) chain extension. POLYM ENG SCI 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.21967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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34
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Zhidan L, Juncai S, Chao C, Xiuju Z. Polypropylene/wasted poly(ethylene terephthalate) fabric composites compatibilized by two different methods: Crystallization and melting behavior, crystallization morphology, and kinetics. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.33757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Pesetskii SS, Jurkowski B, Filimonov OV, Koval VN, Golubovich VV. PET/PC blends: Effect of chain extender and impact strength modifier on their structure and properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.32532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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36
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Zhang Y, Zhang C, Li H, Du Z, Li C. Chain extension of poly(ethylene terephthalate) with bisphenol-A dicyanate. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.32136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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37
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Nascimento CR, Azuma C, Bretas R, Farah M, Dias ML. Chain extension reaction in solid-state polymerization of recycled PET: The influence of 2,2â²-bis-2-oxazoline and pyromellitic anhydride. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.31400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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38
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Influence of chain extension on the compatibilization and properties of recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate)/linear low density polyethylene blends. Polym Degrad Stab 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2009.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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39
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High molecular weight thermoplastic polyether ester elastomer by reactive extrusion. POLYM ENG SCI 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.21255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Shaked Y, Dodiuk H, Kenig S, McCarthy S. The effect of hyperbranched polymers on processing and thermal stability of biodegradable polyesters. POLYM ENG SCI 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.21266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Moradi A, Ramazani SAA, Shahrokhi M. Production of Chlorosulfonated Rubber from Postconsumer Polyethylene and Evaluation of Produced Rubber Properties. POLYMER-PLASTICS TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING 2008; 47:508-514. [DOI: 10.1080/03602550801977935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
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42
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Böhme F, Jakisch L, Komber H, Wursche R. Multifunctional coupling agents. Part 4: Block copolymers based on amino terminated polyamide-12 and carboxy terminated poly(butylene terephthalate). Polym Degrad Stab 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2007.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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43
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Tao Y, Mai K. Non-isothermal crystallization and melting behavior of compatibilized polypropylene/recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) blends. Eur Polym J 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2007.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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44
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Tang X, Guo W, Yin G, Li B, Wu C. Reactive extrusion of recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) with polycarbonate by addition of chain extender. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.24410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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45
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Properties and morphology of recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate)/bisphenol a polycarbonate/poly(styrene-b-(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-styrene) blends by low-temperature solid-state extrusion. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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46
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Kiliaris P, Papaspyrides CD, Pfaendner R. Reactive-extrusion route for the closed-loop recycling of poly(ethylene terephthalate). J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.25795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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47
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48
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Lacoste JF, Bounor-Legaré V, Llauro MF, Monnet C, Cassagnau P, Michel A. Functionalization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) in the melt state: Chemical and rheological aspects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.20696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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49
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Jakisch L, Komber H, Wursche R, Böhme F. Multifunctional coupling agents. II. Chain extension and terminal group modification of polyamides. J Appl Polym Sci 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/app.21159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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50
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Kil SB, Augros Y, Leterrier Y, Månson JAE, Christel A, Borer C. Rheological properties of hyperbranched polymer/poly(ethylene terephthalate) reactive blends. POLYM ENG SCI 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.10028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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