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Kleger N, Cihova M, Masania K, Studart AR, Löffler JF. 3D Printing of Salt as a Template for Magnesium with Structured Porosity. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1903783. [PMID: 31353635 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201903783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Porosity is an essential feature in a wide range of applications that combine light weight with high surface area and tunable density. Porous materials can be easily prepared with a vast variety of chemistries using the salt-leaching technique. However, this templating approach has so far been limited to the fabrication of structures with random porosity and relatively simple macroscopic shapes. Here, a technique is reported that combines the ease of salt leaching with the complex shaping possibilities given by additive manufacturing (AM). By tuning the composition of surfactant and solvent, the salt-based paste is rheologically engineered and printed via direct ink writing into grid-like structures displaying structured pores that span from the sub-millimeter to the macroscopic scale. As a proof of concept, dried and sintered NaCl templates are infiltrated with magnesium (Mg), which is typically highly challenging to process by conventional AM techniques due to its highly oxidative nature and high vapor pressure. Mg scaffolds with well-controlled, ordered porosity are obtained after salt removal. The tunable mechanical properties and the potential to be predictably bioresorbed by the human body make these Mg scaffolds attractive for biomedical implants and demonstrate the great potential of this additive technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Kleger
- Laboratory of Metal Physics and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martina Cihova
- Laboratory of Metal Physics and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kunal Masania
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - André R Studart
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jörg F Löffler
- Laboratory of Metal Physics and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
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Evaluation and Prediction of Mass Transport Properties for Porous Implant with Different Unit Cells: A Numerical Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:3610785. [PMID: 31179318 PMCID: PMC6507231 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3610785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Efficient exchange of nutrients and wastes required for cell proliferation and differentiation plays a pivotal role in improving the service life of porous implants. In this study, mass transport properties for porous implant with different unit cells were evaluated and predicted when the porosities are kept the same. To this end, three typical unit cells (diamond (DO), rhombic dodecahedron (RD), and octet truss (OT)) were selected, in which DO displayed diagonal-symmetrical shape, while RD and OT share midline-symmetrical structure. Then, single unit cells were designed quantitatively, and its shape parameters were measured and calculated. Moreover, corresponding porous scaffolds with same outline size were created, respectively. Furthermore, using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methodology, flow performances with Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) in vitro were simulated for three different porous implants, and flow trajectory, velocity, and wall shear stress which could reflect the properties of mass transfer and tissue regeneration were compared and predicted numerically. Results demonstrated that different unit cell could directly lead to different mass transport properties for porous implant, in spite of same porosity, scaffold size, and service environment. Additionally, by the results, DO displayed greater tortuosity, more appropriate areas, and smoother shear stress distribution than RD and OT, which would provide better surroundings for implant fixation and tissue regeneration. However, RD and OT showed better mass transport properties because of bigger maximum velocity (5.177 mm/s, 4.381 mm/s) than DO (3.941 mm/s). This study would provide great helps for unit cell selection and biological performance optimization for 3D printed bone implants.
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Iviglia G, Kargozar S, Baino F. Biomaterials, Current Strategies, and Novel Nano-Technological Approaches for Periodontal Regeneration. J Funct Biomater 2019; 10:E3. [PMID: 30609698 PMCID: PMC6463184 DOI: 10.3390/jfb10010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal diseases involve injuries to the supporting structures of the tooth and, if left untreated, can lead to the loss of the tooth. Regenerative periodontal therapies aim, ideally, at healing all the damaged periodontal tissues and represent a significant clinical and societal challenge for the current ageing population. This review provides a picture of the currently-used biomaterials for periodontal regeneration, including natural and synthetic polymers, bioceramics (e.g., calcium phosphates and bioactive glasses), and composites. Bioactive materials aim at promoting the regeneration of new healthy tissue. Polymers are often used as barrier materials in guided tissue regeneration strategies and are suitable both to exclude epithelial down-growth and to allow periodontal ligament and alveolar bone cells to repopulate the defect. The problems related to the barrier postoperative collapse can be solved by using a combination of polymeric membranes and grafting materials. Advantages and drawbacks associated with the incorporation of growth factors and nanomaterials in periodontal scaffolds are also discussed, along with the development of multifunctional and multilayer implants. Tissue-engineering strategies based on functionally-graded scaffolds are expected to play an ever-increasing role in the management of periodontal defects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saeid Kargozar
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 917794-8564, Iran.
| | - Francesco Baino
- Institute of Materials Physics and Engineering, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy.
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Terzioğlu P, Öğüt H, Kalemtaş A. Natural calcium phosphates from fish bones and their potential biomedical applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 91:899-911. [PMID: 30033324 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The treatment and recovery of bio-wastes have raised considerable attention both from the environmental and economic point of view. Every year, a remarkable amount of fish processing by-products are generated and dumped as waste from all over the world. Fish bones can serve as a raw material for the production of high value-added compounds that can be used in various sectors including agrochemical, biomedical, food and pharmaceutical industries. The calcination of fish bones results in a single phase (hydroxyapatite) or bi-phasic (hydroxyapatite-tricalcium phosphate) bioceramics depending on the processing conditions as well as the content of the fish bones. This review summarizes the literature on the production of hydroxyapatite from fish bones and discusses their potential applications in biomedical field. The effect of processing conditions on the properties of final products including Ca/P ratio, crystal structure, particle shape, particle size and biological properties are presented in the light of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis, bioactivity and biocompatibility investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Terzioğlu
- Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla Vocational School, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies, Muğla, Turkey; Bursa Technical University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Hamdi Öğüt
- Bursa Technical University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Bioengineering, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Kalemtaş
- Bursa Technical University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Bursa, Turkey.
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Scaffold microstructure effects on functional and mechanical performance: Integration of theoretical and experimental approaches for bone tissue engineering applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 68:872-879. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Guo R, Lu S, Page JM, Merkel AR, Basu S, Sterling JA, Guelcher SA. Fabrication of 3D Scaffolds with Precisely Controlled Substrate Modulus and Pore Size by Templated-Fused Deposition Modeling to Direct Osteogenic Differentiation. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:1826-32. [PMID: 26121662 PMCID: PMC4558627 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Scaffolds with tunable mechanical and topological properties fabricated by templated-fused deposition modeling promote increased osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stem cells with increasing substrate modulus and decreasing pore size. These findings guide the rational design of cell-responsive scaffolds that recapitulate the bone microenvironment for repair of bone damaged by trauma or disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijing Guo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sichang Lu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jonathan M. Page
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alyssa R. Merkel
- Department of Veterans Affairs: Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA. Center for Bone Biology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, and Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | | | - Julie A. Sterling
- Department of Veterans Affairs: Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA. Center for Bone Biology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, and Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Scott A. Guelcher
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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Li JJ, Kim K, Roohani-Esfahani SI, Guo J, Kaplan DL, Zreiqat H. A biphasic scaffold based on silk and bioactive ceramic with stratified properties for osteochondral tissue regeneration. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:5361-5376. [PMID: 26167284 PMCID: PMC4494762 DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00353a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Significant clinical challenges encountered in the effective long-term treatment of osteochondral defects have inspired advancements in scaffold-based tissue engineering techniques to aid repair and regeneration. This study reports the development of a biphasic scaffold produced via a rational combination of silk fibroin and bioactive ceramic with stratified properties to satisfy the complex and diverse regenerative requirements of osteochondral tissue. Structural examination showed that the biphasic scaffold contained two phases with different pore morphologies to match the cartilage and bone segments of osteochondral tissue, which were joined at a continuous interface. Mechanical assessment showed that the two phases of the biphasic scaffold imitated the load-bearing behaviour of native osteochondral tissue and matched its compressive properties. In vitro testing showed that different compositions in the two phases of the biphasic scaffold could direct the preferential differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells towards the chondrogenic or osteogenic lineage. By featuring simple and reproducible fabrication and a well-integrated interface, the biphasic scaffold strategy established in this study circumvented the common problems experienced with integrated scaffold designs and could provide an effective approach for the regeneration of osteochondral tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Jiao Li
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of AMME, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Kyungsook Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Seyed-Iman Roohani-Esfahani
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of AMME, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jin Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - David L. Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Hala Zreiqat
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of AMME, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Abstract
A review of how the geometrical design of scaffolds influences the bone tissue regeneration process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir A. Zadpoor
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering
- Faculty of Mechanical
- Maritime
- and Materials Engineering
- Delft University of Technology (TU Delft)
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Moglia RS, Robinson JL, Muschenborn AD, Touchet TJ, Maitland DJ, Cosgriff-Hernandez E. Injectable PolyMIPE Scaffolds for Soft Tissue Regeneration. POLYMER 2014; 56:426-434. [PMID: 24563552 PMCID: PMC3927917 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Injury caused by trauma, burns, surgery, or disease often results in soft tissue loss leading to impaired function and permanent disfiguration. Tissue engineering aims to overcome the lack of viable donor tissue by fabricating synthetic scaffolds with the requisite properties and bioactive cues to regenerate these tissues. Biomaterial scaffolds designed to match soft tissue modulus and strength should also retain the elastomeric and fatigue-resistant properties of the tissue. Of particular design importance is the interconnected porous structure of the scaffold needed to support tissue growth by facilitating mass transport. Adequate mass transport is especially true for newly implanted scaffolds that lack vasculature to provide nutrient flux. Common scaffold fabrication strategies often utilize toxic solvents and high temperatures or pressures to achieve the desired porosity. In this study, a polymerized medium internal phase emulsion (polyMIPE) is used to generate an injectable graft that cures to a porous foam at body temperature without toxic solvents. These poly(ester urethane urea) scaffolds possess elastomeric properties with tunable compressive moduli (20-200 kPa) and strengths (4-60 kPa) as well as high recovery after the first conditioning cycle (97-99%). The resultant pore architecture was highly interconnected with large voids (0.5-2 mm) from carbon dioxide generation surrounded by water-templated pores (50-300 μm). The ability to modulate both scaffold pore architecture and mechanical properties by altering emulsion chemistry was demonstrated. Permeability and form factor were experimentally measured to determine the effects of polyMIPE composition on pore interconnectivity. Finally, initial human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) cytocompatibility testing supported the use of these candidate scaffolds in regenerative applications. Overall, these injectable polyMIPE foams show strong promise as a biomaterial scaffold for soft tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S. Moglia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843-3120, U.S.A
| | - Jennifer L. Robinson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843-3120, U.S.A
| | - Andrea D. Muschenborn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843-3120, U.S.A
| | - Tyler J. Touchet
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843-3120, U.S.A
| | - Duncan J. Maitland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843-3120, U.S.A
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Comparative studies on ectopic bone formation in porous hydroxyapatite scaffolds with complementary pore structures. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:8413-21. [PMID: 23732684 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Vascularized bone grafts were constructed by implanting hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds with complementary macro-pore structures into the dorsal muscle of dogs. The relationship between pore structures and ectopic bone formation properties was investigated. Two types of scaffolds with complementary porous structures were fabricated by spherulite-accumulating and porogen-preparing methods, and were named spherulite HA-positive and porogen HA-negative, respectively. After implantation for 1 month, histological observation showed that all the scaffolds were encapsulated by normal muscle tissue and multiple vascular net with cells, indicating excellent biocompatibility and pore interconnectivity of the scaffolds. In the spherulite HA-positive scaffolds, a number of osteoclasts and osteoblasts coupled with new bone tissues were found after 3 and 6 months' implantations, which was better than those in the porogen HA-negative scaffolds. Similarly, the improvement of mechanical properties and the reconstruction of materials in the spherulite HA-positive scaffolds were superior to those in the porogen HA-negative scaffolds. The different ectopic bone formation induced by different macro-pore structures after intramuscular implantation demonstrated the significant effect of macro-pore structures of scaffolds on osteoinduction and vascularization.
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David B, Bonnefont-Rousselot D, Oudina K, Degat MC, Deschepper M, Viateau V, Bensidhoum M, Oddou C, Petite H. A Perfusion Bioreactor for Engineering Bone Constructs: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2011; 17:505-16. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2010.0468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand David
- Laboratoire Mécanique des Sols, Structures et Matériaux (MSSMat), UMR CNRS 8579, École Centrale Paris, Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
| | - Dominique Bonnefont-Rousselot
- Département de Biologie Expérimentale, Métabolique et Clinique, EA 4466, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Service de Biochimie Métabolique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Karim Oudina
- Laboratoire de Bioingénierie et Biomécanique Ostéoarticulaire (B2OA), UMR CNRS 7052, Université Paris 7, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Christelle Degat
- Laboratoire de Bioingénierie et Biomécanique Ostéoarticulaire (B2OA), UMR CNRS 7052, Université Paris 7, Paris, France
| | - Mickael Deschepper
- Laboratoire de Bioingénierie et Biomécanique Ostéoarticulaire (B2OA), UMR CNRS 7052, Université Paris 7, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Viateau
- Laboratoire de Bioingénierie et Biomécanique Ostéoarticulaire (B2OA), UMR CNRS 7052, Université Paris 7, Paris, France
| | - Morad Bensidhoum
- Laboratoire de Bioingénierie et Biomécanique Ostéoarticulaire (B2OA), UMR CNRS 7052, Université Paris 7, Paris, France
| | - Christian Oddou
- Laboratoire Modélisation et Simulation Multi Echelle (MSME), UMR CNRS 8208, Université Paris-Est Créteil, France
| | - Hervé Petite
- Laboratoire de Bioingénierie et Biomécanique Ostéoarticulaire (B2OA), UMR CNRS 7052, Université Paris 7, Paris, France
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Abstract
Bone morphogenetic and osteogenic proteins (BMPs/OPs), members of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily, are soluble mediators of tissue morphogenesis and induce de novo endochondral bone formation in heterotopic extraskeletal sites as a recapitulation of embryonic development. In the primate Papio ursinus, the induction of bone formation has been extended to the TGF-beta isoforms per se. In the primate and in the primate only, the TGF-beta isoforms are initiators of endochondral bone formation by induction and act in a species-, site- and tissue-specific mode with robust endochondral bone induction in heterotopic sites but with limited new bone formation in orthotopic bone defects. The limited inductive capacity orthotopically of TGF-beta isoforms is associated with expression of the inhibitory Smads, Smad6 and Smad7. In primates, bone formation can also be induced using biomimetic crystalline hydroxyapatite matrices with a specific surface geometry and without the exogenous application of osteogenic proteins of the TGF-beta superfamily, even when the biomimetic matrices are implanted heterotopically in the rectus abdominis muscle. The sequence of events that directs new bone formation upon the implantation of highly crystalline biomimetic matrices initiates with vascular invasion, mesenchymal cell migration, attachment and differentiation of osteoblast-like cells attached to the substratum, expression and synthesis of osteogenic proteins of the TGF-beta superfamily resulting in the induction of bone as a secondary response. The above findings in the primate indicate enormous potential for the bioengineering industry. Of particular interest is that biomimetic matrices with intrinsic osteoinductivity would be an affordable option in the local context.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Ripamonti
- Bone Research Unit, MRC/University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, 2193 Parktown, South Africa.
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