Prediction of self-actualization in male participants in a group conducted by female leaders

In Defense of the Attitudes toward Women Scale: An Affirmation of Validity and Reliability

Numerous references were found as positive evidence of construct validity, criterion validity, and reliability for Attitudes Toward Women Scale. New separate factor analytic studies of the 55-item scale and of its 25-item short form were performed to evaluate and extend previous construct validations. Contrary to earlier reports of structural analysis, an administration of the scale to 208 female and 243 male tennis players yielded only one major factor, accounting for 22% of the total variance. An administration of the 25-item scale to 293 male and 258 female university students also yielded one major factor accounting for 30% and 23% of the total variance, respectively. Separate reliability analyses over female and male subjects yielded alphas of .93 for the 55-item scale and .86 and .90, respectively, for the 25-item scale. A Pearson correlation between the short and long forms produced a coefficient of .99. Recently reported doubts about the instrument's validity were groundless.

Clinical relevance of the Marlowe-Crowne Scale: a review and recommendations

Research is reviewed which indicates the potential utility of the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (MCS) in a variety of clinical assessment contexts. In relation to other assessment devices, the MCS has been used to enhance predictive accuracy of several scales, and has predicted defensive reactions to negative personality test feedback. Research is also reviewed regarding MCS relationships to self-disclosure, therapy process variables, premature termination from psychotherapy, and selection of subjects for psychotherapy research. The role of the MCS as a therapy outcome measure is also discussed. Scoring norms for normal and clinical groups are presented, including discussion of the effects of age, education and race on MCS scores. A number of avenues for future research with the MCS are described.