1
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Frydrych M, Sztorch B, Brząkalski D, Pakuła D, Przekop RE, Srishailam K, Reddy BV, Marciniec B. Silane-Bearing Borasilsesquioxanes: Synthetic Protocol and Unsuspected Redistribution Reactions. Chempluschem 2023; 88:e202200295. [PMID: 36592005 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The presented work is a continuation of research on the reactivity of unsaturated borasilsesquioxanes under the conditions of common organometallic transformations. The catalytic hydrosilylation reaction with silanes, siloxanes and silsesquioxanes in presence of platinum catalyst was explored. The majority of the products were obtained in high yields (>90 %) and their structures were confirmed and characterized by spectroscopy and spectrometry, i. e. NMR and MALDI-TOF-MS. The most significant segment of the work is research on the spontaneous redistribution reaction of the alkoxy group from silane to borane moiety occurring in the obtained products, not being limited to the heterosilsesquioxane chemistry, however. The products were confirmed using GC-MS, ESI-MS methods and B3LYP exchange-correlation, in order to ascertain formation of the silicon-boron hybrid molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miłosz Frydrych
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Bogna Sztorch
- Centre for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Dariusz Brząkalski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Daria Pakuła
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Robert E Przekop
- Centre for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Kanugula Srishailam
- Department of Physics, SR University, Warangal, 506371, Telangana, India.,Department of Physics, Kakatiya University, Warangal, 506009, Telangana, India
| | | | - Bogdan Marciniec
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznań, Poland.,Centre for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
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2
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Wu W, Chen J, Qiao L, Lv H, Zhang F, Zhu Y, Wu S, Fan B. Ruthenium‐Photocatalyzed Synthesis of Borasiloxanes in a One‐Pot Manner from Readily Available Silanes and Pinacolborane. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources (Yunnan Minzu University) State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education Kunming 650500 P. R. China
| | - Jingchao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources (Yunnan Minzu University) State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education Kunming 650500 P. R. China
| | - Lulin Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources (Yunnan Minzu University) State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education Kunming 650500 P. R. China
| | - Haiping Lv
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources (Yunnan Minzu University) State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education Kunming 650500 P. R. China
| | - Fuqin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources (Yunnan Minzu University) State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education Kunming 650500 P. R. China
| | - Yuanbin Zhu
- Yunnan Tiefeng High Tech Mining Chemicals. Co. Ltd Qingfeng industrial park Lufeng 651200 Yunnan Province P. R. China
| | - Shiyuan Wu
- Yunnan Tiefeng High Tech Mining Chemicals. Co. Ltd Qingfeng industrial park Lufeng 651200 Yunnan Province P. R. China
| | - Baomin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources (Yunnan Minzu University) State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education Kunming 650500 P. R. China
- Yunnan Tiefeng High Tech Mining Chemicals. Co. Ltd Qingfeng industrial park Lufeng 651200 Yunnan Province P. R. China
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3
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Frydrych M, Sztorch B, Brząkalski D, Pakuła D, Frąckowiak D, Majchrzak M, Marciniec B. New Functionalized Borasilsesquioxanes Obtained via Metathetical Transformation of 4‐Vinylphenylborasilsesquioxanes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miłosz Frydrych
- Faculty of Chemistry Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8 61‐614 Poznań Poland
| | - Bogna Sztorch
- Centre for Advanced Technologies Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10 61‐614 Poznań Poland
| | - Dariusz Brząkalski
- Faculty of Chemistry Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8 61‐614 Poznań Poland
| | - Daria Pakuła
- Faculty of Chemistry Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8 61‐614 Poznań Poland
| | - Dawid Frąckowiak
- Centre for Advanced Technologies Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10 61‐614 Poznań Poland
| | - Mariusz Majchrzak
- Faculty of Chemistry Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8 61‐614 Poznań Poland
| | - Bogdan Marciniec
- Faculty of Chemistry Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8 61‐614 Poznań Poland
- Centre for Advanced Technologies Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10 61‐614 Poznań Poland
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4
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Gopalakrishnan M, Viswanathan T, David E, Thirumoorthy K, Bhuvanesh NSP, Palanisami N. Second-order nonlinear optical properties of eight-membered centrosymmetric cyclic borasiloxanes. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj01611b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
SHG efficiencies of eight-membered centrosymmetric cyclic borasiloxanes arise form distorted silicon atom, strong electron withdrawing group and non-covalent interactions in crystal packing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Advanced Sciences
- Vellore Institute of Technology
- Vellore 632 014
- India
| | - Thamodharan Viswanathan
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Advanced Sciences
- Vellore Institute of Technology
- Vellore 632 014
- India
| | - Ezhumalai David
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Advanced Sciences
- Vellore Institute of Technology
- Vellore 632 014
- India
| | - Krishnan Thirumoorthy
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Advanced Sciences
- Vellore Institute of Technology
- Vellore 632 014
- India
| | | | - Nallasamy Palanisami
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Advanced Sciences
- Vellore Institute of Technology
- Vellore 632 014
- India
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5
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Torres-Huerta A, Velásquez-Hernández MDJ, Ramírez-Palma LG, Cortés-Guzmán F, Martínez-Otero D, Hernández-Balderas U, Jancik V. Synthesis of Cyclic and Cage Borosilicates Based on Boronic Acids and Acetoxysilylalkoxides. Experimental and Computational Studies of the Stability Difference of Six- and Eight-Membered Rings. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:10032-10043. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aarón Torres-Huerta
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable UAEM-UNAM. Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco, km.
14.5, 50200 Toluca, Estado de México México
| | - Miriam de J. Velásquez-Hernández
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable UAEM-UNAM. Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco, km.
14.5, 50200 Toluca, Estado de México México
| | - Lillian G. Ramírez-Palma
- Instituto de Química, Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Circuito Exterior
s/n, 04510 CDMX, México
| | - Fernando Cortés-Guzmán
- Instituto de Química, Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Circuito Exterior
s/n, 04510 CDMX, México
| | - Diego Martínez-Otero
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable UAEM-UNAM. Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco, km.
14.5, 50200 Toluca, Estado de México México
| | - Uvaldo Hernández-Balderas
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable UAEM-UNAM. Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco, km.
14.5, 50200 Toluca, Estado de México México
| | - Vojtech Jancik
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable UAEM-UNAM. Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco, km.
14.5, 50200 Toluca, Estado de México México
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6
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Dhakshinamoorthy A, Asiri AM, Concepcion P, Garcia H. Synthesis of borasiloxanes by oxidative hydrolysis of silanes and pinacolborane using Cu3(BTC)2 as a solid catalyst. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:9998-10001. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc05221a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This work reports the synthesis of borasiloxanes from silanes and pinacolboranes using Cu3(BTC)2 as a heterogeneous catalyst in acetonitrile under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdullah M. Asiri
- Centre of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research
- King Abdulaziz University
- Jeddah
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Patricia Concepcion
- Instituto Universitario de Tecnología Química CSIV-UPV
- Universitat Politècnica de València
- Valencia
- Spain
| | - Hermenegildo Garcia
- Centre of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research
- King Abdulaziz University
- Jeddah
- Saudi Arabia
- Instituto Universitario de Tecnología Química CSIV-UPV
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7
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Chatterjee B, Gunanathan C. Ruthenium-catalysed multicomponent synthesis of borasiloxanes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:2515-2518. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc00787f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ruthenium-catalysed multicomponent synthesis of borasiloxanes directly from silanes, boranes and water is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basujit Chatterjee
- School of Chemical Sciences
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)
- HBNI
- Bhubaneswar
- India
| | - Chidambaram Gunanathan
- School of Chemical Sciences
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)
- HBNI
- Bhubaneswar
- India
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8
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Yoshimura A, Yoshinaga M, Yamashita H, Igarashi M, Shimada S, Sato K. A convenient and clean synthetic method for borasiloxanes by Pd-catalysed reaction of silanols with diborons. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:5822-5825. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc02420g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pd-Catalysed O-borylation of silanols with diborons selectively proceeded to give the corresponding boryl silyl ethers in high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Yoshimura
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Michiyo Yoshinaga
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamashita
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Masayasu Igarashi
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Shigeru Shimada
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Sato
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
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9
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Ito M, Itazaki M, Nakazawa H. Selective Boryl Silyl Ether Formation in the Photoreaction of Bisboryloxide/Boroxine with Hydrosilane Catalyzed by a Transition-Metal Carbonyl Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:6183-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ja500465x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Ito
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Masumi Itazaki
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakazawa
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
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10
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11
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Chandrasekhar V, Thirumoorthi R. Tellurasiloxane Cages Containing Te6Si4O12 and Te6Si6O15 Frameworks. Inorg Chem 2009; 48:6236-41. [DOI: 10.1021/ic900562n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Ferguson G, Lawrence SE, Neville LA, O’Leary BJ, Spalding TR. Synthetic and X-ray diffraction studies of borosiloxane cages [R′Si(ORBO)3SiR′] and the adducts of [ButSi{O(PhB)O}3SiBut] with pyridine or N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine. Polyhedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2006.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Andappan MMS, Nilsson P, von Schenck H, Larhed M. Dioxygen-promoted regioselective oxidative heck arylations of electron-rich olefins with arylboronic acids. J Org Chem 2004; 69:5212-8. [PMID: 15287763 DOI: 10.1021/jo049434t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Arylations of electron-rich heteroatom-substituted olefins were performed with arylboronic acids. This appears to constitute the first example of palladium(II)-catalyzed internal Heck arylations. The novel protocol exploits oxygen gas for environmentally benign reoxidation and a stable 1,10-phenanthroline bidentate ligand to promote the palladium(II) regeneration and to control the regioselectivity. Internal arylation is strongly favored with electron-rich arylboronic acids. DFT calculations support a charge-driven selectivity rationale, where phenyls substituted with electron-donating groups prefer the electron-poor alpha-carbon of the olefin. Experiments, verified by calculations, confirm the cationic nature of the catalytic route. This Heck methodology provides a facile and mild access to functionalized enamides. Controlled microwave heating and increased oxygen pressure were used to further reduce the reaction time to 1 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugaiah M S Andappan
- Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, BMC, Uppsala University, Box-574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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14
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Svennebring A, Nilsson P, Larhed M. Microwave-Promoted and Chelation-Controlled Double Arylations of Terminal Olefinic Carbon of Vinyl Ethers. J Org Chem 2004; 69:3345-9. [PMID: 15132541 DOI: 10.1021/jo035815f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report a rapid, palladium-catalyzed terminal diarylation of the chelating olefin N,N-dimethyl(2-ethenyloxy)ethanamine under noninert conditions utilizing controlled microwave heating as a convenient energy source. Among the aryl bromides examined, both electron-rich and electron-poor substrates were demonstrated to furnish useful yields after only 10-120 min of directed microwave heating at 160-200 degrees C. The good terminal regioselectivity suggests that the precatalyst (Herrmann's palladacycle) serves as a source of weakly coordinated palladium(0) in the investigated high-temperature Heck process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Svennebring
- Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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15
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Abstract
The highly regio- and enantioselective molybdenum-catalyzed allylic alkylation reaction has become a powerful synthetic tool during the past few years. This Account describes the achievements gained so far in the area, with special attention directed to the different chiral ligands that have been used for inducing chirality in the products, the range of allylic substrates and nucleophiles employed, mechanistic studies, and applications of the reaction in asymmetric syntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Belda
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology, SE 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
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16
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Beckett MA, Rugen-Hankey MP, Sukumar Varma K. Synthesis and characterisation of cyclo-boratetrasiloxane, (RBO)(Me2SiO)3 (R=nBu, Ar), derivatives. Polyhedron 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0277-5387(03)00478-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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17
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Garbacia S, Desai B, Lavastre O, Kappe CO. Microwave-Assisted Ring-Closing Metathesis Revisited. On the Question of the Nonthermal Microwave Effect. J Org Chem 2003; 68:9136-9. [PMID: 14604397 DOI: 10.1021/jo035135c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The ring-closing metathesis reactions (RCM) of six standard diene substrates leading to five-, six-, or seven-membered carbo- or heterocycles were investigated under controlled microwave irradiation. RCM protocols were performed with standard Grubbs type II and a cationic ruthenium allenylidene catalyst in neat and ionic liquid-doped methylene chloride under sealed vessel conditions. Very rapid conversions (15 s) were achieved utilizing 0.5 mol % Grubbs II catalyst under microwave conditions. Careful comparison studies indicate that the observed rate enhancements are not the result of a nonthermal microwave effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Garbacia
- Institut de Chimie, UMR 6509 Universite de Rennes 1-CNRS, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes, France
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18
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Feng J, Shan G, Maquieira A, Koivunen ME, Guo B, Hammock BD, Kennedy IM. Functionalized Europium Oxide Nanoparticles Used as a Fluorescent Label in an Immunoassay for Atrazine. Anal Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ac034063m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Feng
- Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering and Department of Entomology and Cancer Research Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Guomin Shan
- Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering and Department of Entomology and Cancer Research Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Angel Maquieira
- Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering and Department of Entomology and Cancer Research Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Marja E. Koivunen
- Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering and Department of Entomology and Cancer Research Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Bing Guo
- Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering and Department of Entomology and Cancer Research Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering and Department of Entomology and Cancer Research Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Ian M. Kennedy
- Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering and Department of Entomology and Cancer Research Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616
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19
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Van Der Eycken E, Appukkuttan P, De Borggraeve W, Dehaen W, Dallinger D, Kappe CO. High-speed microwave-promoted hetero-Diels-Alder reactions of 2(1H)-pyrazinones in ionic liquid doped solvents. J Org Chem 2002; 67:7904-7. [PMID: 12398527 DOI: 10.1021/jo0263216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Inter- and intramolecular hetero-Diels-Alder reactions in a series of functionalized 2(1H)-pyrazinones were investigated under controlled microwave irradiation. The cycloaddition reactions were efficiently performed in sealed tubes, utilizing either a combination of 1,2-dichloroethane and a thermally stable ionic liquid, or 1,2-dichlorobenzene as reaction medium. In all cases, a significant rate-enhancement using microwave flash heating as compared to thermal heating was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Van Der Eycken
- Laboratory for Organic Synthesis, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
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20
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Larhed M, Moberg C, Hallberg A. Microwave-accelerated homogeneous catalysis in organic chemistry. Acc Chem Res 2002; 35:717-27. [PMID: 12234201 DOI: 10.1021/ar010074v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 615] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The efficiency of microwave flash heating in accelerating organic transformations (reaction times reduced from days and hours to minutes and seconds) has recently been proven in several different fields of organic chemistry. This specific account mainly summarizes our own experiences in developing rapid, robust, and selective microwave-assisted transition metal-catalyzed homogeneous reactions. Applications include selective Heck couplings, cross-couplings, and asymmetric substitutions. The science of green chemistry was developed to meet the increasing demand for environmentally benign chemical processes. We believe the combination of metal catalysis and microwave heating will be of importance in the search for green laboratory-scale synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats Larhed
- Department of Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, BMC, Uppsala University, Box 574, SE-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
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21
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Crosignani S, White PD, Linclau B. Microwave-accelerated O-alkylation of carboxylic acids with O-alkylisoureas. Org Lett 2002; 4:2961-3. [PMID: 12182599 DOI: 10.1021/ol0263705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Microwave-assisted O-alkylations of several carboxylic acids have been performed with three different O-alkylisoureas. All reactions are significantly faster compared to conventionally heated reactions, while retaining high chemoselectivity. The combination of microwave technology with the use of the solid-supported isourea 3 enables the synthetic chemist to obtain the pure methyl esters starting from the corresponding acids in less than an hour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Crosignani
- Combinatorial Centre of Excellence, Chemistry Department, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
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22
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Structure and Bonding in Boron-Containing Macrocycles and Cages — Comparison to Related Structures with Other Elements Including Organic Molecules. STRUCTURE AND BONDING 2002. [DOI: 10.1007/3-540-47808-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
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23
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Hughes DL, Palucki M, Yasuda N, Reamer RA, Reider PJ. Solvent-dependent dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformation/kinetic resolution in molybdenum-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylations. J Org Chem 2002; 67:2762-8. [PMID: 11975526 DOI: 10.1021/jo015871l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic asymmetric alkylation reactions of branched racemic carbonates 1a and 1b with sodium dimethyl malonate, promoted by molybdenum and ligand 5, proceed by a kinetic resolution in toluene, THF, tetrahydropyran, i-PrOAc, 1,2-dichloroethane, and MeCN with k(rel) of 7-16. In THF, MeCN, tetrahydropyran, and i-PrOAc using the (S,S)-5 ligand, the fast reacting (S)-carbonate enantiomer provides the branched product with high ee (97-99.5%) and branched/linear selectivity, but the ee erodes as the reaction of the slow-reacting (R)-enantiomer takes place. This implies that the rate of equilibration of the oxidative addition complexes in these solvents is competitive with the subsequent malonate displacement step. In toluene and dichloroethane, the ee and branched/linear ratios diminish during the reaction of the slow-reacting (R)-isomer, but not nearly as much as in the other solvents. This is most likely due to either an increase in the rate of equilibration of the oxidative addition complexes relative to the malonate displacement step, or vice versa. Because of the minimal stereochemical memory effect in toluene and 1,2-dichloroethane, the reactions in these solvents can be carried to completion (dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformation) and still provide product with excellent ee (>95%). The anion of dimethyl methylmalonate also reacts via a kinetic resolution, although the ee's, rates, and k(rel) values differ from those of the reactions with dimethyl malonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Hughes
- Department of Process Research, Merck and Company, Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, USA
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Avent AG, Lawrence SE, Meehan MM, Russell TG, Spalding TR. 4-Bromophenylboronate Derivatives of Ring and Cage Borosilicates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1135/cccc20021051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The reactions between equimolecular amounts of 4-bromophenylboronic acid and di-tert-butylsilanediol or tert-butylsilanetriol in toluene solutions at reflux temperatures afforded the borosilicate ring compound [(4-BrC6H4B)O2Si(t-Bu)2]2 (1), and the cube-based species [(t-BuSi)4(4-BrC6H4B)4O10] (2), in medium (62%) and low (13%) yields, respectively. These compounds were characterised by microanalysis, IR and NMR (1H, 11B, 13C and 29Si) spectroscopy and single crystal X-ray crystallography. During the work-up of 2, a sample of the boroxine, [(4-BrC6H4BO)3] (3), was isolated and was characterised by single crystal diffraction.
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Vallin KS, Larhed M, Hallberg A. Aqueous DMF-potassium carbonate as a substitute for thallium and silver additives in the palladium-catalyzed conversion of aryl bromides to acetyl arenes. J Org Chem 2001; 66:4340-3. [PMID: 11397173 DOI: 10.1021/jo015599f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Highly selective palladium-catalyzed internal alpha-arylations of alkyl vinyl ethers with aryl and heteroaryl bromides were conveniently conducted in aqueous DMF with potassium carbonate as base and with DPPP as bidentate ligand. The corresponding acetyl arene products were, after hydrolysis, isolated in good to excellent yields. This Heck reaction procedure does not require toxic thallium or expensive silver salt additives, is promoted by water, and is suggested to proceed via charged organopalladium intermediates. Single-mode microwave irradiation was utilized in one example to shorten the reaction time.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Vallin
- Department of Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uppsala University, BMC, Box-574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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