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Lei X, Cui J, Wang S, Huang T, Wu X. Preparation of a biomimetic ionic liquids hybrid polyphosphorylcholine monolithic column for the high efficient capillary microextraction of glycopeptide antibiotics. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1623:461175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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2
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On-line coupling of hydrophilic ionic liquids-based polymer monolith microextraction to capillary liquid chromatography with amperometric detection: An ultrasensitive residue analysis method for glycopeptide antibiotics. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1556:10-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.04.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Determination of Vancomycin in Human Serum by Cyclodextrin-Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary Chromatography (CD-MEKC) and Application for PDAP Patients. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22040538. [PMID: 28350363 PMCID: PMC6154692 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22040538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A simple and sensitive cyclodextrin-micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (CD-MEKC) method with UV detection was developed and validated for the determination of vancomycin (VCM) in serum. The separation was achieved in 14 min at 25 °C with a fused-silica capillary column of 40.2 cm × 50 mm i.d. (effective length 30.2 cm) and a run buffer containing 25 mM borate buffer with 50 mM sodium dodecylsulfonate (SDS) (pH 9.5) and 2% sulfobutyl-β-cyclodextrin (sulfobutyl-β-CD). Under optimal conditions for biological samples, good separations with high efficiency and short analysis time were achieved. Several parameters affecting the drug separation from biological matrices were studied, including buffer types, concentrations, and pHs. The methods were validated over the range of 0.9998-99.98 µg/mL. Calibration curves of VCM also showed good linearity (r² > 0.999). Intra- and interday precisions (relative standard deviation, RSD) were less than 5.80% and 7.38%, and lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) were lower than 1.0 μg/mL. The mean recoveries ranged between 84.03% and 91.69%. The method was successfully applied for monitoring VCM concentrations in serum of patients with peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis (PDAP). The assay should be applicable to pharmacokinetic studies and routine therapeutic drug monitoring of this drug in serum.
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Three structurally-related impurities in norvancomycin drug substance. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2016; 70:158-165. [DOI: 10.1038/ja.2016.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Pauwels J, Spriet I, Fu X, von Winckelmann S, Willems L, Hoogmartens J, Van Schepdael A. CHEMICAL STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY STUDY OF VANCOMYCIN FOR ADMINISTRATION BY CONTINUOUS INFUSION IN INTENSIVE CARE UNITS. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.582909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Pauwels
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis , Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isabel Spriet
- b Hospital Pharmacy Division, Faculty of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Xuebin Fu
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis , Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sandrina von Winckelmann
- b Hospital Pharmacy Division, Faculty of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ludo Willems
- b Hospital Pharmacy Division, Faculty of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jos Hoogmartens
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis , Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ann Van Schepdael
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis , Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
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Bhushan R, Agarwal C. Resolution of beta blocker enantiomers by TLC with vancomycin as impregnating agent or as chiral mobile phase additive. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2010. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.23.2010.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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7
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Jouyban A, Kenndler E. Impurity analysis of pharmaceuticals using capillary electromigration methods. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:3531-51. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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8
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Capillary electrophoresis for pharmaceutical analysis. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2008. [PMID: 18392572 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59745-376-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
This chapter describes the application of capillary electrophoresis (CE) to pharmaceutical analysis. The areas of pharmaceutical analysis covered are enantiomer separation, analysis of small molecules such as amino acids or drug counter-ions, pharmaceutical assay, related substances determinations, and physiochemical measurements such as log P and pKa of compounds. The different electrophoretic modes available and their advantages for pharmaceutical analysis are described. Recent applications of CE for each subject area are tabulated with electrolyte details. Information on electrolyte choice and method optimization to obtain optimal separations is included.
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12 CE in impurity profiling of drugs. CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS METHODS FOR PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0149-6395(07)00012-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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10
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Yang YH, Wu WY, Yeh HH, Chen SH. Simultaneous determination of cefepime and vancomycin in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid by MEKC with direct sample injection and application for bacterial meningitis. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:1788-97. [PMID: 17465423 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A simple MEKC with UV detection at 214 nm for simultaneous analysis of cefepime and vancomycin in plasma and in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by direct injection without any sample pretreatment is described. The separation of cefepime and vancomycin from biological matrices was performed at 25 degrees C using a BGE consisting of a Tris buffer with SDS and methanol as the electrolyte solution. Under optimal MEKC conditions for biological samples, good separations with high efficiency and short analysis time are achieved. Several parameters affecting the separation of the drugs from biological matrices were studied, including methanol, pH, and concentrations of the Tris buffer and SDS. The linear ranges of the method for the determination of cefepime and vancomycin in plasma and in CSF using imidazole or cefazolin as an internal standard, respectively, were all over the range of 1-30 microg/mL; the detection limits of cefepime and vancomycin in biological matrices (injection 10 kV, 15 s) were 0.3 and 0.5 microg/mL, respectively. The applicability of the proposed method for the determination of cefepime and vancomycin in plasma and CSF collected after intravenous administration of the drugs in patients with meningitis was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Han Yang
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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11
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Musenga A, Mandrioli R, Zecchi V, Luppi B, Fanali S, Raggi MA. Capillary electrophoretic analysis of the antibiotic vancomycin in innovative microparticles and in commercial formulations. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2006; 42:32-8. [PMID: 16378705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2005.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2005] [Revised: 11/11/2005] [Accepted: 11/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A new fast capillary electrophoretic method has been developed for the analysis of the glycopeptide antibiotic vancomycin in formulations. An electrophoretic run is completed within 3.0 min; fused silica capillaries (100 microm i.d., 8.5 cm effective length and 48.5 cm total length) and a background electrolyte consisting of 12.5 mM, pH 2.5 phosphate buffer are used. The applied voltage is -20.0 kV; samples are injected by pressure (30 mbar x 3 s) at the anodic end of the capillary. The method was successfully applied to innovative controlled release microparticles consisting of a coated albumin core containing vancomycin. A simple procedure has been developed to obtain complete vancomycin extraction from microparticles using a 5% (w/v) sodium dodecyl sulphate aqueous solution. The method has been validated in terms of linearity, precision and accuracy. Good linearity was found in the 0.25-5.00 microg/mL range. Satisfactory precision was obtained, with relative standard deviation values always lower than 3.9%; accuracy was satisfactory, with recovery values between 97.8 and 102.2%. The method is also suitable for vancomycin determination in commercial capsules.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Musenga
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Altria K, Marsh A, Sänger-van de Griend C. Capillary electrophoresis for the analysis of small-molecule pharmaceuticals. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:2263-82. [PMID: 16786477 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews the application of CE to the analysis of small-molecule pharmaceuticals. The areas of pharmaceutical analysis covered are enantiomer separation, the analysis of small molecules such as amino acids or drug counter-ions, pharmaceutical assay, determination of related substances and physicochemical measurements such as log P and pK(a) of compounds. The different electrophoretic modes available and their advantages for pharmaceutical analysis are described. Recent applications of CE for each subject area are tabulated with electrolyte details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Altria
- GlaxoSmithKline Research & Development, Harlow, Essex, UK.
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Zhou T, Wu F, Shi G, Wang A, Hu Q, Wang X, Fang Y. Study on pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of norvancomycin in rats by CE with electrochemical detection. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:1790-6. [PMID: 16645943 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200400774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we developed a sensitive and simple method to study the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of norvancomycin (NVCM) in experimental animals by using CE with electrochemical detection. Pharmacokinetics investigation was performed by the collection of blood samples at timed intervals following administration of NVCM. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by the 3P87 pharmacokinetic program. The elimination half-life of NVCM was 42.4742 min with a clearance rate of 0.0233 mL x kg(-1) x min(-1). Additionally, drug distribution was studied by measuring the NVCM levels in kidney, lung, stomach, intestine, spleen, heart, liver, and cerebrum. Electrophoresis conditions such as buffer solution, working potential, separation voltage, and sampling time were also discussed. The linear range was from 0.8 to 540 microg/mL with a correlation coefficient of 0.9991. The detection limit was 0.3 microg/mL. This method was for the first time applied to study the pharmacokinetics and tissue distributions of NVCM in experimental animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshu Zhou
- Department of Environmental Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P. R. China.
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Diana J, Visky D, Hoogmartens J, Van Schepdael A, Adams E. Investigation of vancomycin and related substances by liquid chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2006; 20:685-93. [PMID: 16447148 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.2364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography (LC) methods compatible with mass spectrometry (MS) that are suitable for impurity profiling of vancomycin mixtures have not been described in the literature. The mobile phases of the existing methods contain non-volatile additives and/or solvents that give problems in combination with MS. In this paper, a reversed-phase LC/tandem mass spectrometry method is described for the investigation of vancomycin and related substances. The LC method uses a Zorbax Extend C18 column (250 x 4.6 mm i.d.), 5 microm, and a mobile phase consisting of methanol, water and ammonium acetate solution (pH 9.0). This method allows us to separate vancomycin and its impurities. Mass spectral data are acquired on an LCQ ion trap mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray interface operated in the positive and negative ion modes. The LCQ is ideally suited for identification of impurities and related substances because it provides on-line LC/MSn capability, which allows efficient identification without time-consuming isolation and purification procedures. Using this method, the fragmentation of vancomycin and known derivatives was studied and the structures of six substances occurring in commercial samples were elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Diana
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Faculteit Farmaceutische Wetenschappen, Laboratorium voor Farmaceutische Chemie en Analyse van Geneesmiddelen, O & N2, PB 923, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Gibson G, Ramstad T, Mills KA, Dunn MJ. A method for the determination of minoxidil in hair-regrowth formulations by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography. FARMACO (SOCIETA CHIMICA ITALIANA : 1989) 2005; 60:847-53. [PMID: 16043173 DOI: 10.1016/j.farmac.2005.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2005] [Accepted: 06/10/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A method based on micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MEKC) was developed for determination of minoxidil in Rogaine and competing products. The original intent of the work was to offer an orthogonal means to HPLC for testing illicit imitations of Rogaine. However, because the patent has since expired, we offer the procedure as a confirmatory measure to HPLC for assay of generic minoxidil products. The MEKC procedure complements an earlier method based on free solution capillary electrophoresis (FSCE), designed to the same end. Validation was carried out on both a Dionex CES-1, which utilizes gravity injection, and a PE-ABI 270HT, which employs vacuum injection. The procedure was validated for both active pharmaceutical ingredient and for minoxidil solutions. The run buffer is pH 7.0, 20 mM sodium phosphate, 20 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate, with 10% isopropanol; the internal standard is dl-tryptophan. The method bears the attributes of simplicity, ease of use, and short analysis time (12 min). It is selective with respect to known process and degradation impurities. High efficiency was achieved on the CES-1, with a plate count exceeding 200,000 for minoxidil at an elution time of 9 min. Although slight differences in performance were noted across the two instruments, results on both were in conformance with modern day validation expectations. Comparison of MEKC with HPLC resulted in slightly higher values for the former, but all results met registration specifications and internal targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA
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Orlandini S, Fanali S, Furlanetto S, Marras AM, Pinzauti S. Micellar electrokinetic chromatography for the simultaneous determination of ketorolac tromethamine and its impurities. J Chromatogr A 2004; 1032:253-63. [PMID: 15065803 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2003.08.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A simple, fast and selective micellar electrokinetic chromatographic (MEKC) method for the simultaneous assay of ketorolac tromethamine and its known related impurities (1-hydroxy analog of ketorolac, 1-keto analog of ketorolac and decarboxylated ketorolac), in both drug substance and coated tablets, is described. The compounds were detected at 323 nm, and flufenamic acid (FL) and tolmetin (TL) were chosen as internal standards to quantify ketorolac tromethamine and impurities, respectively. The multivariate optimization of the experimental conditions was carried out by means of the response surface study, considering as responses the resolution values and analysis time. The optimized background electrolyte (BGE) consisted of a mixture of 13 mM boric acid and phosphoric acid, adjusted to pH 9.1 with 1 M sodium hydroxide, containing 73 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Optimal temperature and voltage were 30 degrees C and 27 kV. Applying these conditions, all compounds were resolved in about 6 min. The related substances could be quantified up to the 0.1% (w/w) level. Validation was performed, either for drug substances and drug product, evaluating selectivity, robustness, linearity and range, precision, accuracy, detection and quantitation limits and system suitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Orlandini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Via G. Capponi 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
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Diana J, Visky D, Roets E, Hoogmartens J. Development and validation of an improved method for the analysis of vancomycin by liquid chromatography selectivity of reversed-phase columns towards vancomycin components. J Chromatogr A 2003; 996:115-31. [PMID: 12830913 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(03)00535-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The current method prescribed in official monographs for the purity control of vancomycin is inappropriate in that several components are not separated from each other and other components are coeluted with the main component vancomycin B. The method uses an ODS column at pH 3.2. In this study, several changes were introduced in order to improve the separation. The optimization of the separation method at low pH indicated that pH 1.7 was optimum and that the use of dioxane as organic modifier drastically improved the separation. These conditions were used to test a set of more than 40 reversed-phase columns for their selectivity towards vancomycin components. The selection of the most suitable columns was performed by means of principal component analysis. Most of these columns did not allow the separation of didechlorovancomycin from monodechlorovancomycin 1. It was found that neutral to slightly alkaline mobile phases allowed better separation. Further optimization of the separation method and a robustness study were performed by means of experimental design. This optimization indicated that pH 7.7 was optimum and gradient elution was also used to effect complete analysis. The final method uses a Kromasil column and the mobile phase comprises dioxane, water and ammonium formate solution pH 7.7. The separation of monodechlorovancomycin 2 and of some unknown impurities from the main component vancomycin B is described for the first time. The method shows good repeatability, linearity and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Diana
- Laboratorium voor Farmaceutische Chemie en Analyse van Geneesmiddelen, Faculteit Farmaceutische Wetenschappen, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, E. Van Evenstraat 4, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Lucas C, Foley JP, Ahuja ES. Analysis of glycopeptide antibiotics using micellar electrokinetic chromatography and borate complexation. Biomed Chromatogr 2003; 17:172-81. [PMID: 12717807 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) was investigated as a technique for the separation and analysis of the following related glycopeptide antibiotics: alpha-avoparcin, beta-avoparcin, ristocetin A, ristocetin B and vancomycin. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelles were employed as the pseudostationary phase in conjunction with borate or CHES buffers at pH 9.2. A complete separation of the glycopeptides was achieved only when two separation mechanisms were employed simultaneously: (i) differential partitioning of the glycopeptides into SDS micelles; and (ii) differential complexation of the glycopeptides with the borate anion from the borate buffer. Quantitatively, linearity was confirmed for each antibiotic from 0.5 to 40 ppm, with correlation coefficients (r(2)) ranging from 0.9996 (vancomycin and beta-avoparcin) to 0.9986 (alpha-avoparcin). Detection limits ranging from 0.01 ppm (vancomycin) to 0.2 ppm (avoparcin) were achieved, and the mean recovery of avoparcin at the 10 ppm level was 99.2%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelle Lucas
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085-1699, USA
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Characterization of paromomycin sulfate by capillary electrophoresis with UV detection after pre-capillary derivatization. Chromatographia 2002. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02491667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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