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Emam M, Tabatabaei S, Sargolzaei M, Sharif S, Schenkel F, Mallard B. The effect of host genetics on in vitro performance of bovine monocyte-derived macrophages. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:9107-9116. [PMID: 31400895 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The dynamic interaction between the host and pathogens, along with environmental factors, influences the regulation of mammalian immune responses. Therefore, comprehensive in vivo immune-phenotyping during an active response to a pathogen can be complex and prone to confounding effects. Evaluating critical fundamental aspects of the immune system at a cellular level is an alternative approach to reduce this complexity. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to examine an in vitro model for functional phenotyping of bovine monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM), cells which play a crucial role at all phases of inflammation, as well influence downstream immune responses. As indicators of MDM function, phagocytosis and nitric oxide (NO-) production were tested in MDM of 16 cows in response to 2 common bacterial pathogens of dairy cows, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Notable functional variations were observed among the individuals (coefficient of variation: 33% for phagocytosis and 70% in the production of NO-). The rank correlation analysis revealed a significant, positive, and strong correlation (rho = 0.92) between NO- production in response to E. coli and S. aureus, and a positive but moderate correlation (rho = 0.58) between phagocytosis of E. coli and S. aureus. To gain further insight into this trait, another 58 cows were evaluated solely for NO- response against E. coli. The pedigree of the tested animals was added to the statistical model and the heritability was estimated to be 0.776. Overall, the finding of this study showed a strong effect of host genetics on the in vitro activities of MDM and the possibility of ranking Holstein cows based on the in vitro functional variation of MDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Emam
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada; Center for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Bioscience, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Saeid Tabatabaei
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Mehdi Sargolzaei
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada; Select Sires Inc., Plain City, OH 43064
| | - Shayan Sharif
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Flavio Schenkel
- Center for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Bioscience, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Bonnie Mallard
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada; Center for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Bioscience, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
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Thawani N, Tam M, Bellemare MJ, Bohle DS, Olivier M, de Souza JB, Stevenson MM. Plasmodium products contribute to severe malarial anemia by inhibiting erythropoietin-induced proliferation of erythroid precursors. J Infect Dis 2013; 209:140-9. [PMID: 23922378 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jit417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Low reticulocytosis, indicating reduced red blood cell (RBC) output, is an important feature of severe malarial anemia. Evidence supports a role for Plasmodium products, especially hemozoin (Hz), in suppressed erythropoiesis during malaria, but the mechanism(s) involved remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that low reticulocytosis and suppressed erythropoietin (Epo)-induced erythropoiesis are features of malarial anemia in Plasmodium yoelii- and Plasmodium berghei ANKA-infected mice, similar to our previous observations in Plasmodium chabaudi AS-infected mice. The magnitude of decreases in RBC was a reflection of parasitemia level, but low reticulocytosis was evident despite differences in parasitemia, clinical manifestation, and infection outcome. Schizont extracts and Hz from P. falciparum and P. yoelii and synthetic Hz suppressed Epo-induced proliferation of erythroid precursors in vitro but did not inhibit RBC maturation. To determine whether Hz contributes to malarial anemia, P. yoelii-derived or synthetic Hz was administered to naive mice, and the development of anemia, reticulocytosis, and RBC turnover was determined. Parasite-derived Hz induced significant decreases in RBC and increased RBC turnover with compensatory reticulocytosis, but anemia was not as severe as that in infected mice. Our findings suggest that parasite factors, including Hz, contribute to severe malarial anemia by suppressing Epo-induced proliferation of erythroid precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeta Thawani
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre
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