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Lescan M, Perl RM, Golombek S, Pilz M, Hann L, Yasmin M, Behring A, Keller T, Nolte A, Gruhn F, Kochba E, Levin Y, Schlensak C, Wendel HP, Avci-Adali M. De Novo Synthesis of Elastin by Exogenous Delivery of Synthetic Modified mRNA into Skin and Elastin-Deficient Cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2018; 11:475-484. [PMID: 29858082 PMCID: PMC5992474 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Elastin is one of the most important and abundant extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins that provide elasticity and resilience to tissues and organs, including vascular walls, ligaments, skin, and lung. Besides hereditary diseases, such as Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS), which results in reduced elastin synthesis, injuries, aging, or acquired diseases can lead to the degradation of existing elastin fibers. Thus, the de novo synthesis of elastin is required in several medical conditions to restore the elasticity of affected tissues. Here, we applied synthetic modified mRNA encoding tropoelastin (TE) for the de novo synthesis of elastin and determined the mRNA-mediated elastin synthesis in cells, as well as ex vivo in porcine skin. EA.hy926 cells, human fibroblasts, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from a patient with WBS were transfected with 2.5 μg TE mRNA. After 24 hr, the production of elastin was analyzed by Fastin assay and dot blot analyses. Compared with untreated cells, significantly enhanced elastin amounts were detected in TE mRNA transfected cells. The delivered synthetic TE mRNA was even able to significantly increase the elastin production in elastin-deficient MSCs. In porcine skin, approximately 20% higher elastin amount was detected after the intradermal delivery of synthetic mRNA by microinjection. In this study, we demonstrated the successful applicability of synthetic TE encoding mRNA to produce elastin in elastin-deficient cells as well as in skin. Thus, this auspicious mRNA-based integration-free method has a huge potential in the field of regenerative medicine to induce de novo elastin synthesis, e.g., in skin, blood vessels, or alveoli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Lescan
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Regine Mariette Perl
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sonia Golombek
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Pilz
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ludmilla Hann
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mahua Yasmin
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Behring
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Timea Keller
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Nolte
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Franziska Gruhn
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Efrat Kochba
- NanoPass Technologies, Ltd., 3 Golda Meir, 7403648 Nes Ziona, Israel
| | - Yotam Levin
- NanoPass Technologies, Ltd., 3 Golda Meir, 7403648 Nes Ziona, Israel
| | - Christian Schlensak
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans Peter Wendel
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Meltem Avci-Adali
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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Abstract
Underlying the dynamic regulation of tropoelastin expression and elastin formation in development and disease are transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms that have been the focus of much research. Of particular importance is the cytokine-governed elastin regulatory axis in which the pro-elastogenic activities of transforming growth factor β-1 (TGFβ1) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) are opposed by anti-elastogenic activities of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF/FGF-2), heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF), EGF, PDGF-BB, TGFα, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β and noncanonical TGFβ1 signaling. A key mechanistic feature of the regulatory axis is that cytokines influence elastin formation through effects on the cell cycle involving control of cyclin-cyclin dependent kinase complexes and activation of the Ras/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. In this article we provide an overview of the major cytokines/growth factors that modulate elastogenesis and describe the underlying molecular mechanisms for their action on elastin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin P Sproul
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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