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Çiçek F, Kurtoğlu Olgunus Z, Koç T. The effect of hallux valgus on the anatomy of the nerves around the first metatarsal bone. Surg Radiol Anat 2024; 46:433-441. [PMID: 38492026 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-024-03318-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the variations in the location of the nerves that may be at risk in hallux valgus (HV) surgery, and to reveal whether these nerves are affected by the anatomical changes associated with HV. METHOD In the formalin fixed, 46 lower extremities (19 female, 27 male) (9 normal, 14 mild HV, 21 moderate/severe HV), extensor hallucis longus tendon (EHL), deep plantar artery, medial dorsal cutaneous (MDCN), deep fibular (DFN), common plantar digital (CPDN) and proper plantar digital (PPDN) nerves were examined. The branches of MDCN extending to the medial side of foot were recorded in three segments. The positional topography of nerves according to EHL were analyzed on 360° circle and clock models. RESULTS Sex-related differences observed in some parameters in direct measurements were not found in the clock model comparisons. In advanced HV angles (> 20°), DFN was closer to EHL in the distal part of the metatarsal bone, while there was no difference in the proximal. The intersection of the medial branch of the MDCN with the EHL was more proximal in HV cases than in normal feet. The location of the nerves in the clock pattern did not change in HV. Of the nerve branches reaching the medial side of the foot, 65.2% were in Part I, 71.7% in Part II, and 4.3% in Part III. CONCLUSION Sex differences in the distance of the nerves to the EHL disappeared when the size effect of the cross-section of the first metatarsal bone region was eliminated with the clock model. Only in advanced HVA (>20°) (not in mild HV), the DFN being closer to the EHL distally and the intersection of the medial branch of the MDCN with the EHL in HV being more proximal than in normal can be interpreted as specific reflections of HV progress. The variations we revealed in the number of branches reaching the inside of the foot may explain the diversity of neuromas or nerve injuries associated with HV surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Çiçek
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Turkey
| | | | - Turan Koç
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey
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Tashiro T, Ikuta Y, Maeda N, Arima S, Morikawa M, Kaneda K, Ishihara H, Tsutsumi S, Kawai M, Brand A, Nakasa T, Adachi N, Komiya M, Urabe Y. First tarsometatarsal joint mobility in hallux valgus during gait: A synchronized ultrasound and three-dimensional motion capture analysis. J Med Ultrason (2001) 2024; 51:331-339. [PMID: 38546904 PMCID: PMC11098882 DOI: 10.1007/s10396-024-01414-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To quantify the vertical translation between the first metatarsal and medial cuneiform during the stance phase of gait in young individuals with and without hallux valgus. DESIGN This cross-sectional observational study included 34 young adults (male, n = 4; female, n = 30) who were divided into three groups according to the hallux valgus angle: control (< 20°, n = 13), mild hallux valgus (≥ 20° to < 30°, n = 12), and moderate hallux valgus (≥ 30°, n = 9). The mobility of the first tarsometatarsal joint was evaluated during the stance phase using B-mode ultrasound synchronized with a motion analysis system. RESULTS The medial cuneiform shifted more plantar during the early phase in mild hallux valgus and during the middle and terminal phases in moderate hallux valgus than in control. The severity of the hallux valgus was correlated with a trend toward plantar shift of the medial cuneiform. The first metatarsal was located more dorsal than the medial cuneiform; however, there was no significant variation. No significant differences in the peak ankle plantarflexion angle and moment were noted between the groups. CONCLUSION The hypermobility of the first tarsometatarsal joint, especially plantar displacement of the medial cuneiform in the sagittal plane, was found in young individuals with hallux valgus during the stance phase of gait, and the mobility increased with the severity of hallux valgus. Our findings suggest the significance of preventing hallux valgus deformity early in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsubasa Tashiro
- Department of Sports Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Yasunari Ikuta
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
- Sports Medical Center, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Noriaki Maeda
- Department of Sports Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Satoshi Arima
- Department of Sports Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Masanori Morikawa
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kaneda
- Department of Sports Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Honoka Ishihara
- Department of Sports Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Shogo Tsutsumi
- Department of Sports Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Miki Kawai
- Department of Sports Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Andreas Brand
- Institute for Biomechanics, BG Unfallklinik Murnau, Murnau, Germany
- Institute for Biomechanics, Paracelsus Medical Private University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Tomoyuki Nakasa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
- Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Nobuo Adachi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
- Sports Medical Center, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Makoto Komiya
- Department of Sports Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Yukio Urabe
- Department of Sports Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan.
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Moulodi N, Sarrafzadeh J, Azadinia F, Shakourirad A, Jalali M. Additional effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation in a conservative intervention on morphology and strength of abductor hallucis muscle and correction of hallux valgus deformity: a randomized controlled trial. Physiother Theory Pract 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38391279 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2024.2316309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In hallux valgus, morphological changes and functional weakness of intrinsic foot muscles occur, especially in the abductor hallucis muscle. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate how a conservative treatment with the addition of neuromuscular electrical stimulation affects the volume and strength of the muscle, the correction of deformity, passive range of motion, pain, and disability. METHODS Twenty-eight female participants (48 feet) were randomly assigned to two groups. The interventions included orthoses and exercise (Ortho) in both groups. One group received additional neuromuscular electrical stimulation of abductor hallucis muscle to activate it. Each group received the treatments for one month and was assessed two times, at baseline before starting and after one month of treatment. Mixed within-between ANOVA, analysis of covariance, and nonparametric tests were used for data analysis. RESULTS The muscle volume, abduction strength, goniometric angle, and passive hallux dorsi/plantar flexion showed significant changes in both groups (p < .001). Subscales of the foot and ankle ability questionnaire, significantly changed (p ≤ .05). Pain decreased significantly in the two groups (p < .001 and p = .02). Intermetatarsal angle did not significantly differ between the two groups (p = .86, partial eta effect size = 0.001). But, the hallux valgus angle mean (on MRI) in the Ortho group was less than that of the orthoNMES group (p = .007, partial eta effect size = 0.15). CONCLUSION Both groups showed nearly identical treatment effects in the primary volume and hallux valgus correction outcome measures. In this study, adding neuromuscular electrical stimulation did not have an additional effect compared to conservative in the treatment of hallux valgus. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER The RCT Code is IRCT20200915048725N1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Moulodi
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Sarrafzadeh
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Azadinia
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Shakourirad
- Sina Hospital, Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center (ADIR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Jalali
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Sacli Eksilmez B, Ucurum SG, Kirmizi M, Cansabuncu G. Comparison of foot function and physical performance between women with and without bilateral painful hallux valgus. Foot Ankle Surg 2024; 30:155-160. [PMID: 37957060 DOI: 10.1016/j.fas.2023.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to investigate whether foot function and physical performance differ between women with and without bilateral painful hallux valgus (HV). METHODS Forty-four women with bilateral painful HV and forty-three controls were included. The Foot Function Index, American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Hallux Metatarsophalangeal-Interphalangeal Joints Scale, and Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire were used. The time while walking 10 m-walkway at maximum speed and ascending and descending ten stairs as fast as possible also single-limb stance time were measured. RESULTS All self-reported and performance-based measures showed that women with HV had poorer foot function and physical performance than controls (p < 0.05). Women with mild HV had better self-reported foot function than those with moderate HV or severe HV (p < 0.05), but physical performance did not differ (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Women with bilateral painful HV exhibited poorer self-reported foot function and performance-based physical function than those without HV. LEVELS OF EVIDENCE Level III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Busra Sacli Eksilmez
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Institute of Health Sciences, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sevtap Gunay Ucurum
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Muge Kirmizi
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Gokhan Cansabuncu
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Bursa Medicana Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
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Menz HB, Lim PQX, Hurn SE, Mickle KJ, Buldt AK, Cotchett MP, Roddy E, Wluka AE, Erbas B, Batra M, Munteanu SE. Nonsurgical management of hallux valgus: findings of a randomised pilot and feasibility trial. J Foot Ankle Res 2023; 16:78. [PMID: 37957676 PMCID: PMC10642001 DOI: 10.1186/s13047-023-00677-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hallux valgus is a common and disabling condition. This randomised pilot and feasibility trial aimed to determine the feasibility of conducting a parallel group randomised trial to evaluate the effectiveness of a nonsurgical intervention for reducing pain associated with hallux valgus. METHODS Twenty-eight community-dwelling women with painful hallux valgus were randomised to receive either a multifaceted, nonsurgical intervention (footwear, foot orthoses, foot exercises, advice, and self-management) or usual care (advice and self-management alone). Outcome measures were obtained at baseline, 4, 8 and 12 weeks. The primary outcome was feasibility, evaluated according to demand (recruitment rate and conversion rate), acceptability, adherence, adverse events, and retention rate. Limited efficacy testing was conducted on secondary outcome measures including foot pain, foot muscle strength, general health-related quality of life, use of cointerventions, and participants' perception of overall treatment effect. RESULTS Between July 8, 2021, and April 22, 2022, we recruited and tested 28 participants (aged 44 to 80 years, mean 60.7, standard deviation 10.7). This period encompassed two COVID-related stay-at-home orders (July 16 to July 27, and August 5 to October 21, 2021). The predetermined feasibility thresholds were met for retention rate, foot pain, mental health-related quality of life, and use of cointerventions, partly met for acceptability, adverse events, and muscle strength, and not met for demand (recruitment rate or conversion rate), adherence, physical health-related quality of life and perception of overall treatment effect. CONCLUSION In its current form, a randomised trial of footwear, foot orthoses, foot exercises, advice and self-management for relieving pain associated with hallux valgus is not feasible, particularly due to the low adherence with the intervention. However, it is difficult to determine whether the trial would be feasible under different circumstances, particularly due to COVID-19 stay-at-home orders. Future trials will need to consider improving the aesthetics of the footwear and making the exercise program less burdensome. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ACTRN12621000645853).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hylton B Menz
- School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia.
| | - Polly Q X Lim
- School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Sheree E Hurn
- School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - Karen J Mickle
- Applied Sport Science and Exercise Testing Laboratory, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW, 2258, Australia
| | - Andrew K Buldt
- School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Matthew P Cotchett
- School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Edward Roddy
- Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
- Haywood Academic Rheumatology Centre, Midlands Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust, Haywood Hospital, Burslem, Staffordshire, ST6 7AG, UK
| | - Anita E Wluka
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Rd, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Bircan Erbas
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Mehak Batra
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Shannon E Munteanu
- School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
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Zeidan H, Matsubara K, Tasaka S, Matsushita T, Matsumoto D, Morino S, Tashiro Y, Suzuki Y, Ito H, Aoyama T. Association between forefoot pain and sesamoid rotation angle determined using a weight-bearing plantar ultrasound imaging device. Foot (Edinb) 2023; 54:101973. [PMID: 36773397 DOI: 10.1016/j.foot.2023.101973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Forefoot pain is a common symptom for several foot problems. This study aimed to determine whether parameters of forefoot structure (hallux valgus angle (HVA), transverse arch height (TAH) and sesamoid rotation angle (SRA)) are associated with forefoot pain. 547 feet of adult women were divided into two groups: without pain (n = 472) and with pain (n = 75). HVA was measured with a goniometer, TAH and SRA were measured using a weight bearing plantar ultrasound imaging device.Associations between forefoot pain and parameters of forefoot structure were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. The intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of the ultrasound images were also tested. SRA was significantly greater in the group with pain compared to the group without pain (p = 0.031) but not HVA (p = 0.057) nor TAH (p = 0.117). The association between forefoot pain and SRA was significant (univariate: p = 0.015 and multivariate p = 0.015), but not between HVA nor TAH. The intra-rater and inter-rater reliability were almost perfect (SRA: ICC1,1 = 0.94, ICC2,1 = 0.91 and TAH: ICC1,1 = 0.88, ICC2,1 = 0.81). We conclude that a higher SRA is related to forefoot pain and should be taken into consideration for assessment of patients with forefoot pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Zeidan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan.
| | - Keisuke Matsubara
- Department of Physical Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan.
| | - Seishiro Tasaka
- Department of Physical Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan.
| | - Tomofumi Matsushita
- Department of Physical Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Matsumoto
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Kio University, Japan.
| | - Saori Morino
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, Japan.
| | - Yuto Tashiro
- Department of Physical Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Suzuki
- Department of Physical Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan.
| | - Hiromu Ito
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan.
| | - Tomoki Aoyama
- Department of Physical Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan.
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Yokozuka M, Okazaki K, Hoshi M. Relationship between foot morphology, muscle strength, and physical performance test in women aged 65 years and older: a cross-sectional study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:995. [PMID: 36401220 PMCID: PMC9673342 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-05962-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hallux valgus is a foot deformity that may affect gait, thus increasing the risk of falls among older people. We investigated the relationship between foot morphology, muscle strength, and physical performance. Methods In this study, community-dwelling older people aged ≥65 years were included. A three-dimensional footprint automatic measurement apparatus was used to measure the hallux valgus angle, arch height ratio, and heel-floor angle. Furthermore, the toe flexor strength and ankle plantar flexion strength were measured. Physical performance tests included the five-repetition sit-to-stand test, one-leg standing time, maximal step length, functional reach test, and 5-m fastest walking time (walking time). The relationship between the hallux valgus angle and foot morphology and muscle strength was examined. In addition, factors affecting physical performance testing were assessed. Two-group comparisons, correlation, and multiple comparisons were used for statistical analyses. Results Of the 133 women (age 77.7 ± 6.2 years), 57 had hallux valgus and 76 had no hallux valgus. There was a significant difference in the arch height ratio and heel-floor angle between women with and without hallux valgus (p < 0.001). A correlation was found between the hallux valgus angle and the heel-floor angle (r = 0.468, p < 0.001) and arch height ratio (r = − 0.337, p < 0.001), respectively. Multiple regression analysis showed that the hallux valgus angle was related to functional reach (β = − 0.162, p = 0.042), and toe flexor strength was related to five-repetition sit-to-stand (β = − 0.182, p = 0.036), maximal step length (β = 0.328, p < 0.001), and walking time (β = − 0.219, p = 0.006). Conclusions A relationship was found between the hallux valgus angle, arch height rate, and inward inclination angle of the calcaneus. Functional reach was predicted based on the hallux valgus angle, whereas the five-repetition sit-to-stand, maximal step length, and walking time were predicted based on toe flexor strength. Hallux valgus predicted not only the forefoot but also the foot morphology and was related to physical performance. From the perspective of motor function and fall prevention, efforts should be made to better understand and prevent the onset and progression of hallux valgus.
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Menz HB, Lim PQ, Hurn SE, Mickle KJ, Buldt AK, Cotchett MP, Roddy E, Wluka AE, Erbas B, Munteanu SE. Footwear, foot orthoses and strengthening exercises for the non-surgical management of hallux valgus: protocol for a randomised pilot and feasibility trial. J Foot Ankle Res 2022; 15:45. [PMID: 35655233 PMCID: PMC9162879 DOI: 10.1186/s13047-022-00553-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hallux valgus is a common and disabling condition. This randomised pilot and feasibility trial aims to determine the feasibility of conducting a fully-powered parallel group randomised trial to evaluate the effectiveness of a multifaceted non-surgical intervention for reducing pain associated with hallux valgus. Methods Twenty-eight community-dwelling women with painful hallux valgus will be randomised to receive either a multifaceted, non-surgical intervention (footwear, foot orthoses, foot exercises, advice, and self-management) or advice and self-management alone. Outcome measures will be obtained at baseline, 4, 8 and 12 weeks. The primary outcome is feasibility, which will be evaluated according to demand, acceptability, adherence, adverse events, and retention rate. Limited efficacy testing will be conducted on secondary outcome measures including foot pain (the Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire), foot muscle strength (hand-held dynamometry), general health-related quality of life (the Short Form-12), use of cointerventions, and participants’ perception of overall treatment effect. Biomechanical testing will be conducted at baseline to evaluate the immediate effects of the footwear/orthotic intervention on pressure beneath the foot and on the medial aspect of the first metatarsophalangeal joint and hallux. Discussion This study will determine the feasibility of conducting a fully-powered randomised trial of footwear, foot orthoses, foot exercises, advice and self-management for relieving pain associated with hallux valgus and provide insights into potential mechanisms of effectiveness. Trial registration Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ACTRN12621000645853). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13047-022-00553-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hylton B Menz
- School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia.
| | - Polly Q Lim
- School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Sheree E Hurn
- School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - Karen J Mickle
- School of Environment and Life Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW, 2258, Australia
| | - Andrew K Buldt
- School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Matthew P Cotchett
- School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Edward Roddy
- Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele, ST5 5BG, Staffordshire, UK.,Haywood Academic Rheumatology Centre, Midlands Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Haywood Hospital, Burslem, ST6 7AG, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Anita E Wluka
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Bircan Erbas
- School of Psychology and Public Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Shannon E Munteanu
- School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
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9
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Estepa-Gallego A, Ibañez-Vera AJ, Estudillo-Martínez MD, Castellote-Caballero Y, Bergamin M, Gobbo S, Lérida-Ortega MÁ, Cruz-Díaz D. Effects of global postural reeducation on postural control, dynamic balance, and ankle range of motion in patients with hallux abducto valgus. A randomized controlled trial. J Orthop Res 2022; 40:1436-1445. [PMID: 34370331 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Hallux abducto valgus (HAV) is a common musculoskeletal disorder that has been addressed surgically. Nevertheless, the manual therapy approach may play an important role in the management of this condition. The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of global postural reeducation (GPR) in subjects with symptomatic mild to moderate HAV in static postural control, dynamic stability, and ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (DFROM). A total of 80 patients with mild to moderate symptomatic HAV were allocated to the intervention group (GPR) or control group (CG) (no treatment) for 8 weeks. Outcome measures were assessed at baseline at 4 and 8 weeks including static postural control (Romberg test), dynamic balance (Star Excursion Balance Test [SEBT]), and ankle DFROM (Weight-Bearing Lunge Test [WBLT]). No improvements were observed at 4 weeks, but there were improvements at 8 weeks in: static postural control mediolateral displacement (X) of center of pressure (CoP) in both eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC): XEO (t(36) = 2.892, p = .006, d = 0.67); XEC (t(68) = 2.280, p = .026, d = 054); and velocity (V) of CoP displacement: VEO (t(68) = 2.380, p = .020, d = 0.57); VEC (t(36) = 2.057, p = .047, d = 0.37). It were also improvements in: WBLT (t(36) = -2.869, p = .007, d = 0.54) and SEBT at three directions (anterior, ANT; posteromedial, PM; and posterolateral, PL): SEBT.ANT (t(36) = -2.292, p = .028, d = 0.23); SEBT.PM (t(36) = -4.075, p < .001, d = 0.43); SEBT.PL (t(62) = -3.506, p = .001, d = 0.34). The present study showed that GPR compared to the CG might be effective in enhancing ankle function including postural control, dynamic balance, and DFROM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Marco Bergamin
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova Palazzina ex SemeioticaMedica-Via Ospedale Civile, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Gobbo
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova Palazzina ex SemeioticaMedica-Via Ospedale Civile, Padova, Italy
| | | | - David Cruz-Díaz
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain.,Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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10
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Robberecht J, Decroocq L, Schramm M, Gabay A, Maestro M. Transverse laxity of the forefoot. Foot Ankle Surg 2022; 28:1-6. [PMID: 33478807 DOI: 10.1016/j.fas.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Splay of the forefoot reflects the loss of tension in the soft tissues and indicates failure of the biomechanics of the tie-bar system. By identifying and quantifying the soft tissue structures involved in the destruction of forefoot stability we could increase the understanding of forefoot pathologies. METHODS We investigated the transverse forefoot laxity on healthy feet, feet with forefoot pathology and cadaveric feet undergoing sequential dissection. RESULTS Statistical difference in transverse laxity was seen between healthy feet (n = 160) and feet with symptomatic forefoot pathology requiring surgery (n = 29). Presence of lesser ray pathology is associated with increased transverse laxity. For the dissected cadaveric feet (n = 9) sequential sectioning the plantar plate causes a progressive evolution of transverse laxity. The repair of plantar plates greatly improves transverse stability. CONCLUSIONS Forefoot pathology causes increased transverse laxity. In case of a major transverse laxity of the forefoot a plantar plate lesion should be suspected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris Robberecht
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, IM2S, 11 Avenue d'Ostende, 98000 Monaco; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, AZ Turnhout, Steenweg op Merksplas 44, 2300 Turnhout, Belgium.
| | - Lauryl Decroocq
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthovar, 87 Avenue Archimède, Pôle Epsilon 3, Bâtiment A. 83700 Saint Raphaël, France.
| | - Martin Schramm
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, IM2S, 11 Avenue d'Ostende, 98000 Monaco.
| | - Ari Gabay
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, IM2S, 11 Avenue d'Ostende, 98000 Monaco.
| | - Michel Maestro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, IM2S, 11 Avenue d'Ostende, 98000 Monaco.
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11
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Santos AD, Prado-Rico JM, Cirino NTDO, Perracini MR. Are foot deformity and plantar sensitivity impairment associated with physical function of community-dwelling older adults? Braz J Phys Ther 2021; 25:846-853. [PMID: 34535410 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Foot deformities are highly prevalent in older adults and negatively impact their mobility and quality of life. However, the association between foot problems and physical function is still unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether structural foot deformities and plantar tactile sensitivity are associated with lower extremity physical function impairment in community-dwelling older adults. METHODS We included 200 men and women aged 60 years and older from a community-based program. The foot assessment included toe deformities and calluses inspection and evaluation of plantar tactile sensitivity using monofilaments. The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) was used to assess lower extremity physical function. We conducted a multivariate logistic regression analysis to investigate the association between foot problems and lower extremity physical function. RESULTS Hallux valgus was the most prevalent deformity among older adults. Those participants with reduced plantar tactile sensitivity (OR= 2.77; 95% CI: 1.38, 5.55) and a hallux valgus (OR= 2.23; 95% CI: 1.10, 4.52) were more likely to present poor lower extremity physical function. CONCLUSION Hallux valgus and impaired plantar sensitivity were associated with reduced lower extremity physical function in older adults. Further studies are necessary to identify this causality and to what extent management of these foot problems can improve general mobility and quality of life of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélio Dias Santos
- Master's and Doctoral Programs in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Janina Manzieri Prado-Rico
- Master's and Doctoral Programs in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Monica Rodrigues Perracini
- Master's and Doctoral Programs in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Master's and Doctoral Programs in Gerontology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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12
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Zhu M, Chen JY, Yeo NEM, Koo K, Rikhraj IS. Health-related quality-of-life improvement after hallux valgus corrective surgery. Foot Ankle Surg 2021; 27:539-542. [PMID: 32694077 DOI: 10.1016/j.fas.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hallux valgus is a common forefoot deformity that affects function of foot and quality of life (QoL). This study aims to identify factors associated with clinically important improvements in QoL after hallux valgus corrective surgery. METHODS A retrospective analysis on 591 cases of hallux valgus corrective surgery performed between 2007 and 2013 was conducted. Patients' preoperative and 2-year postoperative Physical Component Score (PCS) and Mental Component Score (MCS) were compared to identify the presence of clinically significant improvements in patient-reported QoL. A multiple logistic regression model was developed through a stepwise variable-selection model building approach. Age, BMI, preoperative patient reported outcome score, PCS, MCS, pain score, gender, side of surgery, type of surgery, and presence of lesser toe deformities or metatarsalgia were considered. RESULTS Median PCS significantly improved from 49 to 53 (p < 0.001), and median MCS remained at 56 (p = 0.724). Age, preoperative MCS and PCS were independent predictors for significant improvements of PCS at 2-year postoperatively. CONCLUSION Three groups of patients were more likely to have significant QoL improvements after hallux valgus corrective surgery. These were the younger patients, those with better preoperative mental health or those with poorer preoperative physical health. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.
| | | | | | - Kevin Koo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
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13
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Menzildzic S, Chaudhry N, Petryschuk C. Using Manchester Scale classification of Hallux Valgus as a valuable tool in determining appropriate risk categorization during initial diabetic foot screening in primary health care settings. Foot (Edinb) 2021; 47:101810. [PMID: 33957522 DOI: 10.1016/j.foot.2021.101810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Limitations have been identified in the current state of primary care practises with regards to identifying and correctly categorizing foot deformity and its associated risk of developing foot ulcers in patients with diabetes. This study aims to bridge these gaps through the implementation of additional categorization tools to be made available for primary care professionals. This study thus analysed the relationship between foot pressure distribution and amount in patients with diabetes with Hallux Valgus foot deformity, and its different stages, in order to better understand the clinical applications of the Manchester Scale. Statistically significant data in pressure distribution (P < 0.05) was found in all three severity groups identified by the Manchester Scale (Mild, Moderate and Severe) when compared to a No deformity group. However, only the Severe Hallux Valgus group crossed the threshold over 500 kPa in the area of first metatarsal bone. Further research should aim to analyse pressure distribution and amount in patients with both diabetes and diabetic neuropathy of all stages of Hallux Valgus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulejman Menzildzic
- Dufferin Area Family Health Team (DAFHT), 1 Elizabeth St L-1, Orangeville, Ontario, L9W 7N7, Canada.
| | - Nosheen Chaudhry
- Dufferin Area Family Health Team (DAFHT), 1 Elizabeth St L-1, Orangeville, Ontario, L9W 7N7, Canada; Elmhurst College, IL, United States.
| | - Carol Petryschuk
- Dufferin Area Family Health Team (DAFHT), 140 Rolling Hills Dr., Upper Level, Orangeville Ontario, L9W 4X8, Canada.
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14
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Omae H, Ohsawa T, Hio N, Tsunoda K, Omodaka T, Hashimoto S, Ueno A, Tajika T, Iizuka Y, Chikuda H. Hallux valgus deformity and postural sway: a cross-sectional study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2021; 22:503. [PMID: 34059035 PMCID: PMC8165791 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-021-04385-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hallux valgus deformity has been reported to be associated with increased postural sway. However, the direction and magnitude of postural sway associated with hallux valgus remain inconclusive. We assessed the association between hallux valgus deformity and postural sway using a force plate. Methods The subjects were 169 healthy volunteers, > 40 years old (63 males, 106 females, average age: 66.0 ± 12.4 years old), who took part in an annual medical examination. We investigated the photographic hallux valgus angle (°), total trajectory length of the gravity center fluctuation (mm), area of the center of pressure (mm2), mediolateral and anteroposterior postural sway (mm) in a standing position with 2-legged stance and eyes open, hallux pain (Numerical Rating Scale), trunk and lower limb muscle mass (kg). We classified the subjects into a hallux valgus group (n = 44, photographic hallux valgus angle of 1 or both feet ≥ 20°) and a no hallux valgus group (n = 125, photographic hallux valgus angle of both feet < 20°) and analyzed the relationship between hallux valgus and postural sway. Results The anteroposterior postural sway in the hallux valgus group (6.5 ± 2.8) was significantly greater than in the no hallux valgus group (5.4 ± 2.2, p = 0.014), and the lower limb muscle mass in the hallux valgus group (12.4 ± 2.2) was significantly smaller than in the no hallux valgus group (13.5 ± 3.2, p = 0.016). The total value of the photographic hallux valgus angle on both feet was positively correlated with the anteroposterior postural sway (p = 0.021) and negatively correlated with the lower limb muscle mass (p = 0.038). The presence of hallux valgus (p = 0.024) and photographic hallux valgus angle (p = 0.008) were independently related to the magnitude of anteroposterior postural sway. Conclusions Hallux valgus deformity and its severity were positively associated with the magnitude of the anteroposterior postural sway. Trial registration 2017 − 135. Registered 22 August 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Omae
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa, Gunma, 371-8511, Maebashi, Japan.
| | - Takashi Ohsawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa, Gunma, 371-8511, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Naohiro Hio
- East Maebashi Orthopaedic Hospital Center of Foot and Ankle Surgery, 1302-2, Nishiomuro, Gunma, 379-2104, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Tsunoda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kiryu Orthopaedic Hospital, 284-1, Ainoshima, Hirosawa-machi, Gunma, 376-0014, Kiryu, Japan
| | - Takuya Omodaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa, Gunma, 371-8511, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Shogo Hashimoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa, Gunma, 371-8511, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Akira Ueno
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa, Gunma, 371-8511, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Tajika
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa, Gunma, 371-8511, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yoichi Iizuka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa, Gunma, 371-8511, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Chikuda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa, Gunma, 371-8511, Maebashi, Japan
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15
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Zhu F, Hong Q, Guo X, Wang D, Chen J, Zhu Q, Zhang C, Chen W, Zhang M. A comparison of foot posture and walking performance in patients with mild, moderate, and severe adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251592. [PMID: 33999943 PMCID: PMC8128255 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is the most common form of scoliosis. However, the underlying mechanisms linking spinal curvature in AIS to foot characteristics and walking performance remain unclear. Objective This study aimed to compare walking performance between adolescents with mild, moderate, and severe scoliosis and matched healthy peers with foot posture as covariates. Methods This cross-sectional study of 96 adolescents was conducted between April 2020 to October 2020 in China, with 32 healthy peers in the control group and 64 patients in the AIS group. Foot posture and morphology, plantar pressure distribution, and gait characteristics were analyzed. One-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni correction and a post hoc comparison of the mean differences between the different groups was performed. Multiple analyses of covariance adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, foot posture index (FPI), arch index (AI), and walking speed were performed. Results Of the 64 adolescents with scoliosis, 18 had mild AIS, 32 had moderate AIS, and 14 had severe AIS. The AI and FPI were much higher in the moderate and severe AIS groups (p = 0.018) and the severe AIS group (p<0.001), respectively, than in the control group. The severe AIS group had advanced and longer midstance (p = 0.014) and delayed propulsion phase (p = 0.013) than the control group. Patients with moderate and severe AIS had asymmetrical gait periods in the left and right limbs (p<0.05). Significant differences in the center-of-pressure excursion index (CPEI) were found between the moderate and severe AIS and control groups (p = 0.003). Conclusion Moderate and severe AIS significantly influenced walking performance; however, no significant differences were observed between adolescents with mild AIS and healthy controls. Thus, early intervention could target the prevention of specific functional deficits and prevent it from progressing to a severe state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feilong Zhu
- The Affiliated Xuzhou Rehabilitation Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Rehabilitation Hospital, Xuzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xuzhou Central Hospital, The Xuzhou Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qianqin Hong
- The Affiliated Xuzhou Rehabilitation Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Rehabilitation Hospital, Xuzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xuzhou Central Hospital, The Xuzhou Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqi Guo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xuzhou Central Hospital, The Xuzhou Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Dan Wang
- The Affiliated Xuzhou Rehabilitation Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Rehabilitation Hospital, Xuzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xuzhou Central Hospital, The Xuzhou Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jie Chen
- The Affiliated Xuzhou Rehabilitation Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Rehabilitation Hospital, Xuzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xuzhou Central Hospital, The Xuzhou Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- The Affiliated Xuzhou Rehabilitation Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Rehabilitation Hospital, Xuzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xuzhou Central Hospital, The Xuzhou Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xuzhou Central Hospital, The Xuzhou Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- The Affiliated Xuzhou Rehabilitation Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Rehabilitation Hospital, Xuzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xuzhou Central Hospital, The Xuzhou Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- * E-mail: (WC); (MZ)
| | - Ming Zhang
- The Affiliated Xuzhou Rehabilitation Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Rehabilitation Hospital, Xuzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xuzhou Central Hospital, The Xuzhou Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- * E-mail: (WC); (MZ)
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16
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Hurn SE, Matthews BG, Munteanu SE, Menz HB. Effectiveness of non-surgical interventions for hallux valgus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2021; 74:1676-1688. [PMID: 33768721 DOI: 10.1002/acr.24603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis investigating the effectiveness of non-surgical interventions for hallux valgus (HV). METHODS The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42019111711). Medline, CINAHL, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched to April 2020, including parallel-group and crossover studies investigating non-surgical interventions for HV. Two reviewers independently screened articles for inclusion, extracted data, performed risk of bias and GRADE assessments. Risk of bias was assessed using version 2 of the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Effect sizes (mean differences or risk ratios, and 95% confidence intervals) were calculated and pooled where possible for the primary outcomes, foot pain and HV angle. RESULTS Eighteen included studies investigated a wide range of non-surgical interventions for HV. Most studies had small sample sizes and concerns regarding risk of bias. Five separate meta-analyses for foot orthoses, splints, manual therapy, and taping added to foot exercises showed no significant effects on primary outcomes. However, results from eight studies showed a significant pain reduction with the use of foot orthoses, night splints, dynamic splints, manual therapy, taping added to foot exercises, multifaceted physical therapy program and Botox injections. Four studies reported a clinically significant reduction in HV angle with night splints, foot exercises, multifaceted physical therapy and Botox injections. CONCLUSION There is a low level of certainty surrounding the effectiveness of non-surgical interventions for HV, however a reduction in pain appears more likely than improvement in HV angle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheree E Hurn
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Faculty of Health, School of Clinical Sciences
| | - Barry G Matthews
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Faculty of Health, School of Clinical Sciences.,La Trobe University, College of Science, Health and Engineering, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport
| | - Shannon E Munteanu
- La Trobe University, College of Science, Health and Engineering, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport
| | - Hylton B Menz
- La Trobe University, College of Science, Health and Engineering, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport
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17
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Yokozuka M, Sato S. Differences in toe flexor strength and foot morphology between wheelchair dependent and ambulant older people in long-term care: a cross-sectional study. J Foot Ankle Res 2021; 14:17. [PMID: 33712068 PMCID: PMC7953560 DOI: 10.1186/s13047-021-00458-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hallux valgus, lesser toe deformity, and muscle weakness of the toe flexors contribute to falls in older people. This study aimed to examine the differences in toe flexor strength and foot morphology in older people requiring long-term care due to changes in the way they mobilize in everyday life. METHODS This study included 84 people aged ≥70 years without motor paralysis who underwent rehabilitation. They were divided into those who could mobilize without a wheelchair (walking group, n = 54) and those who used a wheelchair to mobilize (wheelchair group, n = 30). The presence or absence of diseases was confirmed, and hand grip strength, toe flexor strength, and foot morphology using the foot printer were measured. The presence of diseases, hand grip strength, toe flexor strength, and foot morphology were compared between the two groups. Multiple logistic analysis was performed with wheelchair dependence as the dichotomous outcome variable, and the percentages of each strength measure observed in the wheelchair group to the average hand grip and toe flexor strength measures in the walking group were compared. RESULTS No significant between-group difference in foot morphology was found. The factors related to the differences in ways of ambulating in daily life were history of fracture, heart disease, and toe flexor strength. After comparing the muscle strength of the wheelchair group with the mean values of the walking group, we found that the toe flexor strength was significantly lower than the hand grip strength. CONCLUSIONS Older people who used a wheelchair to mobilize have significantly less toe flexor strength than those who do not despite no significant difference in foot morphology. Use of a wheelchair is associated with a reduction in toe flexor strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieko Yokozuka
- Preparing Section for New Faculty of Medical Science, Fukushima Medical University, 10-6 Sakae-machi, Fukushima City, Fukushima, 960-8516, Japan.
| | - Sei Sato
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima City, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
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18
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Fotoohabadi M, Spink MJ, Menz HB. Relationship between lower limb muscle strength and hallux valgus severity in older people. Foot (Edinb) 2021; 46:101751. [PMID: 33290977 DOI: 10.1016/j.foot.2020.101751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine differences in lower limb muscle strength between older people with varying degrees of hallux valgus deformity. METHODS Muscle strength was measured at the knee, ankle and foot using hand-held dynamometry and a clinical test of toe strength (the paper grip test) in 157 older people (99 women and 58 men) aged 65 to 91 (mean 74.1, SD 5.9) years. Hallux valgus severity was documented as none, mild, moderate or severe using validated photographs. Differences in muscle strength according to hallux valgus severity were evaluated using analysis of variance, adjusting for age. Paper grip test performance was compared across the hallux valgus severity groups using the chi-square (χ2) statistic. RESULTS Knee extension, ankle joint dorsiflexion, ankle joint plantar flexion, ankle joint inversion, ankle joint eversion and lesser toe plantarflexion strength were not significantly different across the four hallux valgus severity groups. However, there was a significant, dose-response reduction in hallux plantarflexion strength with increasing severity of hallux valgus. This persisted after adjustment for age (F3 = 5.5, p = 0.001) with a medium effect size (partial η2 = 0.10). The number of participants who could successfully complete the paper grip test of the hallux significantly reduced across the four hallux valgus categories (χ2 = 18.5, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS There is a specific and progressive reduction in hallux plantarflexion strength with increasing severity of hallux valgus in older people. This finding has potential implications for both the aetiology and treatment of this common and disabling condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Fotoohabadi
- School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Martin J Spink
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, New South Wales 2258, Australia
| | - Hylton B Menz
- School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia.
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19
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Farzadi M, Sanjari MA, Jalali M, Saeedi H, Kamali M, Movahedi Yeganeh M. Ground reaction force complexity in hallux valgus. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2021; 81:105229. [PMID: 33302118 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2020.105229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Investigating the complexity of movement systems can be insightful in clinical decision making. The study conducted to evaluate whether complexity of ground reaction force is affected by hallux valgus grades and footwear or foot side conditions. METHODS A sample of 120 females including 30 participants in each group of healthy and mild, moderate, and severe hallux valgus were recruited in this case-control study. Hallux valgus grades were assessed using Manchester scale. Ground reaction force were measured in bare foot and shod conditions for both feet and weighted permutation entropy was used to calculate the complexity. Nonparametric tests were employed for statistical inference. FINDINGS The first important result was that hallux valgus caused loss of complexity of ground reaction force with a medium to large effect size. However, we did not find any difference between three grades of hallux valgus entropy. The second finding was that entropy of healthy group decreased from barefoot to shod condition with a large effect size and the third finding was that ground reaction force entropy were similar in both feet. INTERPRETATION The findings are aligned with the theory that loss of complexity appears when the biological systems become functionally impaired. As soon as hallux valgus initiates, all potential risks related to the reduction of complexity appear. So, we suggest to administer conservative treatments in the early stages of hallux valgus. The study outcomes can be used for evaluation of foot function, classification of the foot types, or footwear selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maede Farzadi
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Sanjari
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Basic Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, and Biomechanics Lab., Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Jalali
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Saeedi
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kamali
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Management, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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20
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The functional capacity and morphological characteristics of the intrinsic foot muscles in subjects with Hallux Valgus deformity: A systematic review. Foot (Edinb) 2020; 45:101706. [PMID: 33039908 DOI: 10.1016/j.foot.2020.101706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intrinsic foot muscles are vital for maintaining normal foot function. This study was conducted to systematically review the literature on the functional capacity and morphological characteristics of the intrinsic foot muscles in subjects with Hallux Valgus (HV) deformity. METHODS A search was carried out in all available electronic databases, including Pub Med, Scopus, Embase and Web of Science, for identifying any relevant studies published from 1990 to October 2018. RESULTS Three studies had investigated intrinsic foot muscle size using ultrasound imaging; two had reported electromyography parameters and four had measured the muscle force capacity. The results of the present review suggested that the functional capacity and morphological characteristics of intrinsic foot muscles are different in subjects with HV compared to those without this deformity. CONCLUSION This review found scientific evidence on muscle performance impairment in the abductor hallucis and flexor hallucis brevis in subjects with HV deformity.
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Yokozuka M, Okazaki K, Sakamoto Y, Takahashi K. Correlation between functional ability, toe flexor strength, and plantar pressure of hallux valgus in young female adults: a cross-sectional study. J Foot Ankle Res 2020; 13:44. [PMID: 32660543 PMCID: PMC7359483 DOI: 10.1186/s13047-020-00411-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of hallux valgus (HV) increases with age in females. Several studies have investigated the relationship between foot problems, including HV, and falls in older individuals. This study aimed to examine whether HV causes a decline in functional activity in young females and also evaluate the relationship between HV angle, functional activity, toe flexor strength, and plantar pressure. Methods We assessed 94 females (mean age, 19.6 ± 1.3 years; mean body mass index, 21.2 ± 2.0 kg/m2) not currently receiving treatment for lower limb disease. HV angle was determined using their footprint. Functional reach (FR) and maximum step length (MSL), toe flexor strength, and plantar pressure were measured. Plantar pressure was measured during walking. We also calculated FR and the pressure in eight regions (first toe, second through fifth toes, first metatarsal, second through fourth metatarsals, fifth metatarsal, midfoot, medial heel, and lateral heel). Results There were 39 and 55 participants in the HV and no HV groups, respectively. FR and MSL did not differ significantly between the HV and no HV groups. Toe flexor strength was significantly different between the HV and no HV groups (26.69 ± 9.68 vs. 32.19 ± 8.55, respectively) (p = 0.002, β = 0.206). During walking, plantar pressure was significantly lower in the second through fifth toes in the HV group (p = 0.005, β = 0.187). During FR, plantar pressure was significantly greater in the first metatarsal in the HV group (p = 0.016, β = 0.338). HV angle was negatively correlated with toe flexor strength (r = − 0.315, p = 0.002, β = 0.121) and plantar pressure during walking in the second through fifth toes (r = − 0.362, p < 0.001, β = 0.047), and positively correlated with plantar pressure during FR in the first metatarsal (r = 0.308, p = 0.002, β = 0.137). Toe flexor strength was negatively correlated with plantar pressure during FR in the second through fourth metatarsals (r = − 0.318, p = 0.002, β = 0.115), and there was a positive correlation with MSL (r = 0.330, p = 0.001, β = 0.092). Conclusions This study confirmed that HV reduces toe flexor strength and affects forefoot pressure during walking and FR in young females. Moreover, the toe flexor strength affects MSL. Efforts to prevent the onset and deterioration of HV from a young age might help reduce the risk of falling when older.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieko Yokozuka
- Preparing Section for New Faculty of Medical Science, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.
| | - Kanako Okazaki
- Preparing Section for New Faculty of Medical Science, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Yuko Sakamoto
- School of Nursing, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Koko Takahashi
- School of Nursing, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
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Latey PJ, Eisenhuth J, McKay MJ, Hiller CE, Sureshkumar P, Nightingale EJ, Burns J. Feasibility of the Archercise biofeedback device to strengthen foot musculature. J Foot Ankle Res 2020; 13:43. [PMID: 32660591 PMCID: PMC7359285 DOI: 10.1186/s13047-020-00394-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Foot muscle weakness can produce foot deformity, pain and disability. Toe flexor and foot arch exercises focused on intrinsic foot muscle strength and functional control may mitigate the progression of foot deformity and disability. Ensuring correct exercise technique is challenging due to the specificity of muscle activation required to complete some foot exercises. Biofeedback has been used to improve adherence, muscle activity and movement patterns. We investigated the feasibility of using a novel medical device, known as “Archercise”, to provide real-time biofeedback of correct arch movement via pressure change in an inflatable bladder, and foot location adherence via sensors embedded in a footplate during four-foot exercises. Methods Thirty adults (63% female, aged 23–68 years) performed four-foot exercises twice on the Archercise sensor footplate alone and then with biofeedback. One-way repeated measures ANOVA with pairwise comparisons were computed to assess the consistency of the exercise protocol between trial 1 and trial 2 (prior to biofeedback), and the effectiveness of the Archercise biofeedback device between trial 2 and trial 3 (with biofeedback). Outcome measures were: Arch movement exercises of arch elevation and lowering speed, controlled arch elevation, controlled arch lowering, endurance of arch elevation; Foot location adherence was determined by percentage of time the great toe, fifth toe and heel contacted footplate sensors during testing and were analysed with paired sample t-tests. Participant survey comments on the use of Archercise with biofeedback were reported thematically. Results Seventeen (89%) arch movement and foot location variables were collected consistently with Archercise during the foot exercises. Archercise with biofeedback improved foot location adherence for all exercises (p = 0.003–0.008), coefficient of determination for controlled arch elevation (p < 0.0001) and endurance area ratio (p = 0.001). Twenty-nine (97%) participants reported Archercise with biofeedback, helped correct exercise performance. Conclusions Archercise is a feasible biofeedback device to assist healthy participants without foot pathologies perform foot doming exercises. Trial registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR): 12616001559404. Registered 11 November 2016, http://www.ANZCTR.org.au/ACTRN12616001559404p.aspx
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Affiliation(s)
- Penelope J Latey
- The University of Sydney, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Lidcombe, New South Wales, 2141, Australia.
| | - John Eisenhuth
- The University of Sydney, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Lidcombe, New South Wales, 2141, Australia
| | - Marnee J McKay
- The University of Sydney, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Lidcombe, New South Wales, 2141, Australia
| | - Claire E Hiller
- The University of Sydney, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Lidcombe, New South Wales, 2141, Australia
| | - Premala Sureshkumar
- The University of Sydney, Concord Clinical School, Concord, New South Wales, 2139, Australia
| | - Elizabeth J Nightingale
- The University of Sydney, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Lidcombe, New South Wales, 2141, Australia
| | - Joshua Burns
- The University of Sydney, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Lidcombe, New South Wales, 2141, Australia.,Children's Hospital at Westmead, New South Wales, 2145, Australia
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Barbee CE, Buddhadev HH, Chalmers GR, Suprak DN. The effects of hallux valgus and walking speed on dynamic balance in older adults. Gait Posture 2020; 80:137-142. [PMID: 32504941 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2020.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hallux valgus (HV) contributes to deficits in static balance and increased fall risk in older adults. Very limited research has examined dynamic balance deficits in walking in this population. These individuals generally walk slowly, as balance challenge is lesser at slow speeds. RESEARCH QUESTION How does the dynamic balance of older adults with HV differ from healthy controls at controlled slow and fast walking speeds? METHODS Nineteen older adults with HV and 13 healthy controls completed 5 continuous walking trials at 1.0 and 1.3 m·s-1 as whole body marker position and ground reaction force data were captured. Dynamic balance was evaluated using whole body center of mass (COM) and center of pressure (COP) inclination angles (IA) and duration of double support. RESULTS There were no differences in measures of dynamic balance between older adults with and without HV at slow and fast speeds. At the faster speed, the peak sagittal plane COM-COP IA increased and the double support duration decreased, while the peak frontal plane COM-COP IA were not affected. SIGNIFICANCE Older adults with HV do not exhibit deficits in dynamic balance during continuous walking at comfortable speeds when compared to healthy older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn E Barbee
- Department of Health and Human Development, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225, United States.
| | - Harsh H Buddhadev
- Department of Health and Human Development, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225, United States.
| | - Gordon R Chalmers
- Department of Health and Human Development, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225, United States.
| | - David N Suprak
- Department of Health and Human Development, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225, United States.
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Zeidan H, Ryo E, Suzuki Y, Iijima H, Kajiwara Y, Harada K, Nakai K, Shimoura K, Fujimoto K, Takahashi M, Aoyama T. Detailed analysis of the transverse arch of hallux valgus feet with and without pain using weightbearing ultrasound imaging and precise force sensors. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0226914. [PMID: 31917790 PMCID: PMC6952079 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hallux valgus is the most common forefoot deformity and affects the transverse arch structure and its force loading patterns. This study aims to clarify the differences in the transverse arch structure and the force under the metatarsal heads individually, between normal feet and hallux valgus feet, and between hallux valgus feet with pain and without pain. We further test the association between the parameters of the transverse arch and hallux valgus angle and between the parameters and pain in hallux valgus. Methods Women’s feet (105 feet) were divided into normal group (NORM) and hallux valgus group (HVG); and further into subgroups: hallux valgus without pain (HV Pain (-)) and hallux valgus with pain (HV Pain (+)). Transverse arch height and metatarsal heads height were measured using weight-bearing ultrasound imaging. Force under the metatarsal heads was measured using force sensors attached directly on the skin surface of the metatarsal heads. The measurements were taken in three loading positions: sitting, quiet standing and 90% weight shift on the tested foot. Differences between the groups were compared using Student t-test and Wilcoxon Exact test. Multivariate logistic analysis with adjustment for physical characteristics was also conducted. Results Transverse arch height was significantly higher in HVG than in NORM in all positions; there were no significant differences between HV Pain (+) and HV pain (-). Lateral sesamoid was significantly higher in HVG and HV Pain (+) than in NORM and HV Pain (-) respectively when bearing 90% of the body weight unilaterally. There was a trend of higher forces under the medial forefoot without significant difference. Transverse arch height and lateral sesamoid height were associated with the hallux valgus angle, while lateral sesamoid height was associated with forefoot pain in hallux valgus deformity. Conclusions This study shows the differences in the transverse arch structure between normal feet and feet with hallux valgus, and between hallux valgus feet with and without pain. This finding is noteworthy when considering future treatments of painful feet, notably the height of the lateral sesamoid which seems to play a role in forefoot pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Zeidan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Eguchi Ryo
- Department of System Design Engineering, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yusuke Suzuki
- Department of Physical Therapy, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Iijima
- Department of System Design Engineering, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuu Kajiwara
- Department of Physical Therapy, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Kio University, Nara, Japan
| | - Keiko Harada
- Department of Physical Therapy, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kengo Nakai
- Department of Physical Therapy, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kanako Shimoura
- Department of Physical Therapy, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koji Fujimoto
- Human Brain Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaki Takahashi
- Department of System Design Engineering, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomoki Aoyama
- Department of Physical Therapy, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Zhao X, Tsujimoto T, Kim B, Katayama Y, Ogiso K, Takenaka M, Tanaka K. Mild-to-Moderate Hallux Valgus Does Not Decrease Ankle Muscle Strength in Middle-Aged Japanese Women: A Comparative Study. J Foot Ankle Surg 2019; 57:1157-1160. [PMID: 30243790 DOI: 10.1053/j.jfas.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Extreme hallux valgus has been documented to be related to lower functional ability and health-related quality of life. It also has a negative effect on foot structure and biomechanical characteristics, which in turn may affect muscle strength in the foot and ankle. Thus, the purposes of this study were to determine whether there is a difference of ankle muscle strength in varied hallux valgus deformities and to investigate correlations between hallux valgus angles and ankle muscle strength. Hallux valgus angles and ankle muscle strength data were collected from 31 middle-aged Japanese women. The hallux valgus angle was measured with a 3-dimensional foot scanner; ankle muscle strength was measured with a dynamometer. Results showed no differences in ankle muscle strength between normal and mild-to-moderate hallux valgus at both 60º/second and 120º/second (p > .05). Unexpectedly, women with mild-to-moderate hallux valgus had a greater value for inversion peak torque per body weight and eversion-to-inversion ratio than those with normal hallux valgus (p = .019 and p = .022) at 120º/second. Furthermore, hallux valgus was correlated with inversion peak torque and peak torque per body weight (r = 0.47; p = .012 and r = 0.50; p = .007) and associated with eversion-to-inversion strength ratio (r = -0.47; p = .012). The findings indicated that mild-to-moderate hallux valgus did not result in a decrease in ankle muscle strength. Conversely, mild-to-moderate hallux valgus had greater ankle inversion strength in middle-aged Japanese women. Further studies are needed to investigate ankle muscle strength in severe hallux valgus deformities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Zhao
- Researcher, Research Academy of Grand Health, Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China.
| | | | - Bokun Kim
- Researcher, Faculty of Sports Health Care, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
| | - Yasutomi Katayama
- Associate Professor, Faculty of Education, Kogakkan University, Ise, Mie, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Ogiso
- Professor, Faculty of Education, Kogakkan University, Ise, Mie, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Takenaka
- Researcher, Graduate School of Education, Kogakkan University, Ise, Mie, Japan
| | - Kiyoji Tanaka
- Professor, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiographs of the feet are the reference standard for measuring the hallux valgus angle. However, the availability and use of radiographs are constrained due to cost and radiation exposure. Less invasive, nonradiographic assessments have been proposed, although measurement using self-photography has not been reported. OBJECTIVES To determine (1) reliability of photographic hallux valgus angle (pHVA) measurement using the same photographs of the feet, (2) reliability of repeated self-photography trials, and (3) measurement error when the radiographic hallux valgus angle (rHVA) is estimated using the pHVA. METHODS In this reliability study, participants took photographs of their own feet using a digital camera. The intrarater and interrater reliability of pHVA measurements were then assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and 95% minimum detectable change (MDC). The participants took photographs twice, and the reliability of repeated self-photography trials was examined. Participants also received radiographs of their feet, from which the rHVA was measured. The measurement error was assessed using the mean difference and 95% limits of agreement. RESULTS The intrarater and interrater ICC of pHVA measurement was 0.99, with MDCs less than 2°. The ICC of pHVA measurement for repeated self-photography was 0.96, and the MDC was 6.9°. The pHVA was systematically lower than the rHVA, by 5.3°. CONCLUSION Measurement of the pHVA using self-photography was reproducible, although pHVA measurement underestimated the rHVA. The pHVA can be a useful nonradiographic method to quantify hallux valgus deformity. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2019;49(2):80-86. Epub 12 Sep 2018. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2019.8280.
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Abdalbary SA. Foot Mobilization and Exercise Program Combined with Toe Separator Improves Outcomes in Women with Moderate Hallux Valgus at 1-Year Follow-up A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 2018; 108:478-486. [PMID: 29683337 DOI: 10.7547/17-026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Few studies have documented the outcome of conservative treatment of hallux valgus deformities on pain and muscle strength. We sought to determine the effects of foot mobilization and exercise, combined with a toe separator, on symptomatic moderate hallux valgus in female patients. METHODS: As part of the randomized clinical trial, 56 women with moderate hallux valgus were randomly assigned to receive 36 sessions for 3 months or no intervention (waiting list). All patients in the treatment group had been treated with foot joint mobilization, strengthening exercises for hallux plantarflexion and abduction, toe grip strength, stretching for ankle dorsiflexion, plus use of a toe separator. Outcome measures were pain and American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) scores. Objective measurements included ankle range of motion, plantarflexion and abduction strength, toe grip strength, and radiographic angular measurements. Outcome measures were assessed by comparing pretreatment, posttreatment, and 1-year follow-up after the intervention. Mixed-model analyses of variance were used for statistical assessment. RESULTS: Patients who were treated with 3 months of foot mobilization and exercise combined with a toe separator experienced greater improvement in pain, AOFAS scores, ankle range of motion, hallux plantarflexion and abduction strength, toe grip strength, and radiographic angular measurements than those who did not receive an intervention 3 months and 1 year postintervention ( P < .001 for all comparisons). CONCLUSIONS: These results support the use of a multifaceted conservative intervention to treat moderate hallux valgus, although more research is needed to study which aspects of the intervention were most effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Ahmed Abdalbary
- Faculty of Physical Therapy, Department of Physical Therapy for Musculoskeletal Disorder and Its Surgery, Cairo University, 2, street 107, Maadi, Eletehad Square, Cairo, Egypt 11431. (E-mail: )
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Menz HB, Auhl M, Spink MJ. Foot problems as a risk factor for falls in community-dwelling older people: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Maturitas 2018; 118:7-14. [PMID: 30415759 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Foot problems are common in older people. The objective of this systematic review was to determine whether foot problems increase the risk of falling in community-dwelling older people. METHODS Electronic databases were searched from inception to May 2018. To be eligible for inclusion, papers needed to (i) include community-dwelling older participants, (ii) document falls either retrospectively or prospectively, and (iii) document or assess the presence of foot problems. Screening and data extraction were performed by two independent assessors, with disagreements resolved by consensus. RESULTS A total of 146 papers were screened by title and abstract, and nine met the inclusion criteria. An additional six eligible papers were identified by searching the reference lists of included papers, resulting in a total of 15 papers. Quantitative synthesis indicated that older people who fell were more likely to have foot pain, hallux valgus, lesser toe deformity, plantar fasciitis, reduced ankle dorsiflexion range of motion, reduced toe plantarflexion strength, impaired tactile sensitivity and increased plantar pressures when walking. Meta-analysis indicated that fallers were more likely to have foot pain (pooled odds ratio [OR] 1.95, 95% CI 1.38-2.76, p < 0.001), hallux valgus (pooled OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.19-3.00, p = 0.007) and lesser toe deformity (pooled OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.07-2.59, p = 0.020). CONCLUSION Foot problems, particularly foot pain, hallux valgus and lesser toe deformity, are associated with falls in older people. Documentation of foot problems and referral to foot care specialists should therefore be a routine component of falls risk assessment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hylton B Menz
- School of Allied Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia.
| | - Maria Auhl
- School of Allied Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Martin J Spink
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, New South Wales, 2258, Australia
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Zhang Y, Awrejcewicz J, Szymanowska O, Shen S, Zhao X, Baker JS, Gu Y. Effects of severe hallux valgus on metatarsal stress and the metatarsophalangeal loading during balanced standing: A finite element analysis. Comput Biol Med 2018; 97:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Nishimura A, Ito N, Nakazora S, Kato K, Ogura T, Sudo A. Does hallux valgus impair physical function? BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2018; 19:174. [PMID: 29843683 PMCID: PMC5975621 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-018-2100-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The relationships between radiographic hallux valgus (HV) and various physical functions independent of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) were examined among residents of a mountain village in Japan. Methods Study participants were recruited from mountain village residents aged ≥50 years. Participants’ height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) were measured, and baseline data, including age, sex, and foot pain, were obtained using interviews and questionnaires. Radiography of the feet and knees was performed to assess the presence of HV (HV angle ≥20°) and KOA (Kellgren-Lawrence grade ≥ II). Grip strength, 6-m walk at usual and maximum speeds, single-leg stance time, and stand up from a chair time were evaluated as physical function performance tests. Plantar pressure patterns were also examined. Results Moderate-severe HV (HV angle ≥30 degrees), impaired grip strength and maximum walking speed, and painful HV reduced usual and maximum walking speeds independent of KOA. Hallux plantar pressure decreased according to the HV angle. Hallux plantar pressure was significantly lower in painful HV than in the no HV feet or painless HV. Conclusions Moderate-severe HV deformity and HV-related pain impaired physical function independent of KOA. By controlling the pain and severe deformity of HV by treatments such as surgery, the physical function of HV patients might be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinobu Nishimura
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu City, Mie, 514-8507, Japan. .,Departments of Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu City, 514-8507, Mie, Japan.
| | - Naoya Ito
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu City, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Shigeto Nakazora
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Suzuka Kaisei Hospital, Suzuka City, 513-8505, Mie, Japan
| | - Ko Kato
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Suzuka Kaisei Hospital, Suzuka City, 513-8505, Mie, Japan
| | - Toru Ogura
- Clinical Research Support Center, Mie University Hospital, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu City, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Akihiro Sudo
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu City, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
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Mickle KJ, Nester CJ. Morphology of the Toe Flexor Muscles in Older Adults With Toe Deformities. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2018; 70:902-907. [PMID: 28834406 DOI: 10.1002/acr.23348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It has been suggested that atrophied or weak toe flexor muscles are associated with the formation of toe deformities, but there is little evidence to support this theory. This study aimed to determine whether the size of the toe flexor muscles differed in older adults with and without toe deformities. METHODS Forty-four older adults (>60 years) were recruited for the study. Each participant had their feet assessed for the presence of hallux valgus or lesser toe deformities. Intrinsic and extrinsic toe flexor muscles were imaged with an ultrasound system using a standardized protocol. Assessor-blinded measurements of muscle thickness and cross-sectional area were taken using Image J software. RESULTS Participants with lesser toe deformities (n = 20) were found to have significantly smaller quadratus plantae (P = 0.003), flexor digitorum brevis (P = 0.013), abductor hallucis (P = 0.004), and flexor hallucis brevis (P = 0.005) muscles than the participants without any toe deformities (n = 19). Female participants with hallux valgus (n = 10) were found to have significantly smaller abductor hallucis (P = 0.048) and flexor hallucis brevis (P = 0.013) muscles than the female participants without any toe deformities (n = 10; P < 0.05). CONCLUSION This is the first study to use ultrasound to investigate the size of the toe flexor muscles in older adults with hallux valgus and lesser toe deformities compared to otherwise healthy older adults. The sizes of the abductor hallucis and flexor hallucis brevis muscles were decreased in participants with hallux valgus, whereas the quadratus plantae, flexor digitorum brevis, abductor hallucis, and flexor hallucis brevis muscles were smaller in the participants with lesser toe deformities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen J Mickle
- Institute of Health and Sport, Victoria University, Footscray Park, Victoria, Australia
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Study on the foot shape characteristics of the elderly in China. Foot (Edinb) 2017; 33:68-75. [PMID: 29126046 DOI: 10.1016/j.foot.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With aging, the feet of the elderly above 60 years old in China present degenerative changes, deformities, and diseases, which significantly affect their daily activities. OBJECTIVES The authors aimed to study the morphological characteristics of the feet and identify the foot type according to size (length and width) and defect characteristics of elderly feet in China. METHODS A convenient sample of 1000 subjects above 60 years old was recruited mainly in the regions of Shanghai, Shaanxi, Henan, Hebei, and Sichuan in China. Foot images were collected, and 800 (male 398, female 402) valid questionnaires were recovered. A total of 800 elderly subjects as the test group were invited to measure their foot sizes by means of a Footprint Collector (Tong Yuan Tang Health Management Limited, Qingdao in Shandong province). The foot type of the elderly was compared with that of the general adult Chinese population as the control group using the t-test for independent samples. RESULTS Hallux valgus (46.9%) and flat foot (50.0%) were the most common foot shape deformities. The most frequent foot diseases were foot scaling (91.2%) and calluses (96.3%). The medial width of the first metatarsal-toe joint of the elderly was significantly higher (elderly female, 44.95±4.86mm; elderly male, 48.55±4.94mm) than that of the general adult population (adult female, 40.18±3.43mm; adult male, 43.22±3.20mm) (p<0.01). CONCLUSION The foot length of the elderly was not significantly different from that of the general adult Chinese population. The width of the first metatarsal-toe joint in the forefoot of the elderly was significantly higher than that of the general adult Chinese population, which was consistent with the result that a high proportion of elderly subjects presented hallux valgus.
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Hallux valgus in a random population in Spain and its impact on quality of life and functionality. Rheumatol Int 2017; 37:1899-1907. [PMID: 28956109 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-017-3817-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Hallux valgus (HV) and the association between the presence thereof and quality of life, dependence for basic and instrumental activities of daily living and foot function. Prevalence study was carried out in a random population sample (n = 1837) (α = 0.05; Precision = ±2.2%). Informed consent and ethical review board were obtained (code 2008/264). We studied anthropometric variables, Charlson Comorbidity Index, function and state of foot [Foot Function index (FFI), Foot Health Status Questionnaire (FHSQ)], quality of life (SF-36), and dependence for activities of daily living (Barthel and Lawton index). Degree of HV was determined using Manchester scale. Descriptive and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. Hence, the prevalence of HV is 39%. Patients with HV are significantly older (64.6 ± 11.7 vs 60.1 ± 12.6 years old). HV prevalence is greater in females (48.1 vs. 28.3%), subjects with flat foot (48.1 vs. 36.1%) or hammer toes (48.2 vs. 30.9%). Moreover, with regard to the presence or not of HV, statistically significant differences were neither noted in the SF-36 questionnaire nor in the Barthel and Lawton Index. For FHSQ and FFI questionnaires, significant differences were observed between patients who presented HV and those who did not. HV is associated with age, gender, flat foot and hammer toes. The SF-36 and Barthel and Lawton questionnaires remained unaltered by the presence of HV. The presence of Hallux valgus was associated with reduced quality of life and increases foot pain, disability and functional limitation.
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Barnes A, Sullivan J, Pappas E, Adams R, Burns J. Clinical and Functional Characteristics of People With Chronic and Recent-Onset Plantar Heel Pain. PM R 2017; 9:1128-1134. [PMID: 28461226 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plantar heel pain is a common condition that reduces health-related quality of life. Recovery usually occurs within 12 months; however, up to 20% of people remain symptomatic beyond this time frame. The level of pain and function in this chronic heel pain group is not well described. OBJECTIVE To identify clinical and functional characteristics associated with chronic plantar heel pain compared with heel pain of recent onset. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING University research laboratory and private physiotherapy clinic. PARTICIPANTS A total of 71 people with plantar heel pain for longer than 12 months and 64 people with plantar heel pain for less than 6 months were recruited from the general public. METHODS Functional characteristics of participants in both heel pain groups were assessed with a variety of clinical measures and the Foot Health Status Questionnaire. Clinical measures included body mass index, foot and ankle muscle strength using hand-held dynamometry, as well as ankle and first metatarsophalangeal joint range of motion. The Foot Health Status Questionnaire was used to collect self-reported measures of foot pain severity, foot function and physical activity. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS Univariate analyses of variance were performed to detect differences between the 2 groups for each of the variables measured. RESULTS The chronic heel pain group exhibited reduced ankle dorsiflexor and toe flexor strength yet better self-reported foot function. There was no difference between groups for body mass index, ankle and first metatarsophalangeal joint range of motion, inversion strength, eversion strength, calf endurance, self-reported foot pain, and physical activity. CONCLUSIONS Chronic plantar heel pain is associated with selective weakness of foot and ankle muscle groups but less affected foot function compared with heel pain of recent onset. Those with chronic symptoms may moderate or make adaptations to their daily activities, or simply accept their condition, enabling more effective coping. Strength deficits, although possibly a cause or consequence of chronic symptoms, suggest a need to include resistance exercise in the management of plantar heel pain. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allegra Barnes
- Physiotherapy Department, Royal North Shore Hospital, New South Wales, Australia(∗)
| | - Justin Sullivan
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Lidcombe, NSW, Australia 1825(†).
| | - Evangelos Pappas
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, New South Wales; Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia(‡)
| | - Roger Adams
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia(§)
| | - Joshua Burns
- Sydney Children's Hospitals Network (Randwick and Westmead), University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia(¶)
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Latey PJ, Burns J, Hiller CE, Nightingale EJ. Relationship between foot pain, muscle strength and size: a systematic review. Physiotherapy 2016; 103:13-20. [PMID: 27986277 DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Foot pain is common and disabling and thought to be associated with muscle weakness. Understanding the relationship between pain and weakness may help identify effective treatment targets. OBJECTIVES To conduct a systematic review to evaluate the relationship between foot pain and foot muscle weakness, or muscle size as a proxy for weakness. DATA SOURCES Electronic databases and reference lists were searched for all years to April 2015. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Full-text articles were retrieved based on the question 'Does the study evaluate an association between foot pain and foot muscle weakness or size?' DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Two reviewers independently screened eligible studies, extracted data and completed a methodological rating. RESULTS Eight studies were identified evaluating the relationship between foot pain and foot muscle strength (n=6) or size (n=2). Four studies reported a significant relationship between pain and toe flexor force. One study reported a significant relationship between heel pain and reduced forefoot muscle size. One study reported an inconsistent association depending on measurement technique. One study reported no association between pain and hindfoot muscle size. One study reported no association between low to moderate pain and toe flexion force. LIMITATIONS Due to data heterogeneity, no data were pooled for meta-analysis. CONCLUSION There is evidence of a significant association between foot pain and muscle weakness when foot pain is of high intensity and primarily measured by toe flexion force. However there is inconsistent evidence that lower intensity foot pain is associated with other measures of foot muscle weakness or size. Systematic Research Registry ID reviewregistry166.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penelope J Latey
- Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Joshua Burns
- Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Paediatric Gait Analysis Service of New South Wales, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Claire E Hiller
- Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Elizabeth J Nightingale
- Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Treatment of Progressive First Metatarsophalangeal Hallux Valgus Deformity: A Biomechanically Based Muscle-Strengthening Approach. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2016; 46:596-605. [PMID: 27266887 DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2016.6704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Synopsis Hallux valgus is a progressive deformity of the first metatarsophalangeal joint that changes the anatomy and biomechanics of the foot. To date, surgery is the only treatment to correct this deformity, though the recurrence rate is as high as 15%. This clinical commentary provides instruction in a strengthening approach for treatment of hallux valgus deformity, by addressing the moment actions of 5 muscles identified as having the ability to counter the hallux valgus process. Unlike surgery, muscle strengthening does not correct the deformity, but, instead, reduces the pain and associated gait impairments that affect the mobility of people who live with the disorder. This review is organized in 4 parts. Part 1 defines the terms of foot motion and posture. Part 2 details the anatomy and biomechanics, and describes how the foot is changed with deformity. Part 3 details the muscles targeted for strengthening; the intrinsics being the abductor hallucis, adductor hallucis, and the flexor hallucis brevis; the extrinsics being the tibialis posterior and fibularis longus. Part 4 instructs the exercise and reviews the related literature. Instructions are given for the short-foot, the toe-spread-out, and the heel-raise exercises. The routine may be performed by almost anyone at home and may be adopted into physical therapist practice, with intent to strengthen the foot muscles as an adjunct to almost any protocol of care, but especially for the treatment of hallux valgus deformity. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2016;46(7):596-605. Epub 6 Jun 2016. doi:10.2519/jospt.2016.6704.
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López DL, Callejo González L, Losa Iglesias ME, Canosa JLS, Sanz DR, Lobo CC, Becerro de Bengoa Vallejo R. Quality of Life Impact Related to Foot Health in a Sample of Older People with Hallux Valgus. Aging Dis 2016; 7:45-52. [PMID: 26816663 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2015.0914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hallux Valgus (HV) is a highly prevalent forefoot deformity in older people associated with progressive subluxation and osteoarthritis of the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint and it is believed to be associated with varying degrees of HV effect on the quality of life related to foot health. The aim of this study is to compare the impact of varying degrees of HV on foot health in a sample of older people. The sample consisted of 115 participants, mean age 76.7 ± 9.1, who attended an outpatient center where self-report data were recorded. The degree of HV deformity was determined in both feet using the Manchester Scale (MS) from stage 1 (mild) to 4 (very severe). Scores obtained on the Foot Health Status Questionnaire (FHSQ) were compared. This has 13 questions that assess 4 health domains of the feet, namely pain, function, general health and footwear. The stage 4 of HV shown lower scores for the footwear domain (11.23 ± 15.6); general foot health (27.62 ± 19.1); foot pain (44.65 ± 24.5); foot function (53.04 ± 27.2); vigour (42.19 ± 16.8); social capacity (44.46 ± 28.1); and general health (41.15 ± 25.5) compared with stage 1 of HV (P<0.05) and there were no differences of physical activity (62.81 ± 24.6). Often, quality of life decreases in the elderly population based in large part on their foot health. There is a progressive reduction in health in general and foot health with increasing severity of hallux valgus deformity which appears to be associated with the presence of greater degree of HV, regardless of gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel López López
- 1Research, Health and Podiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, Universidade da Coruña, Spain
| | - Lucía Callejo González
- 1Research, Health and Podiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, Universidade da Coruña, Spain
| | | | - Jesús Luis Saleta Canosa
- 1Research, Health and Podiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, Universidade da Coruña, Spain
| | - David Rodríguez Sanz
- 3Department, Faculty of Health, Exercise and Sport, European University of Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cesar Calvo Lobo
- 3Department, Faculty of Health, Exercise and Sport, European University of Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
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