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Cameron J, Kanibolotsky AL, Skabara PJ. Lest We Forget-The Importance of Heteroatom Interactions in Heterocyclic Conjugated Systems, from Synthetic Metals to Organic Semiconductors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2302259. [PMID: 37086184 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The field of synthetic metals is, and remains, highly influential for the development of organic semiconductor materials. Yet, with the passing of time and the rapid development of conjugated materials in recent years, the link between synthetic metals and organic semiconductors is at risk of being forgotten. This review reflects on one of the key concepts developed in synthetic metals - heteroatom interactions. The application of this strategy in recent organic semiconductor materials, small molecules and polymers, is highlighted, with analysis of X-ray crystal structures and comparisons with model systems used to determine the influence of these non-covalent short contacts. The case is made that the wide range of effective heteroatom interactions and the high performance that has been achieved in devices from organic solar cells to transistors is testament to the seeds sown by the synthetic metals research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Cameron
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander L Kanibolotsky
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
- Institute of Physical-Organic Chemistry and Coal Chemistry, Kyiv, 02160, Ukraine
| | - Peter J Skabara
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
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2
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Fell VHK, Cameron J, Kanibolotsky AL, Hussien EJ, Skabara PJ. Introducing a new 7-ring fused diindenone-dithieno[3,2- b:2',3'- d]thiophene unit as a promising component for organic semiconductor materials. Beilstein J Org Chem 2022; 18:944-955. [PMID: 35965856 PMCID: PMC9359197 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel π-conjugated molecule, EtH-T-DI-DTT is reported, which is fused, rigid, and planar, featuring the electron-rich dithieno[3,2-b:2’,3’-d]thiophene (DTT) unit in the core of the structure. Adjacent to the electron-donating DTT core, there are indenone units with electron-withdrawing keto groups. To enable solubility in common organic solvents, the fused system is flanked by ethylhexylthiophene groups. The material is a dark, amorphous solid with an onset of absorption at 638 nm in CH2Cl2 solution, which corresponds to an optical gap of 1.94 eV. In films, the absorption onset wavelength is at 701 nm, which corresponds to 1.77 eV. An ionisation energy of 5.5 eV and an electron affinity of 3.3 eV were estimated by cyclic voltammetry measurements. We have applied this new molecule in organic field effect transistors. The material exhibited a p-type mobility up to 1.33 × 10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin H K Fell
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Scotland
| | - Joseph Cameron
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Scotland
| | - Alexander L Kanibolotsky
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Scotland
- Institute of Physical-Organic Chemistry and Coal Chemistry, 02160 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Eman J Hussien
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Scotland
| | - Peter J Skabara
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Scotland
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3
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Meng J, Luo N, Zhang G, Shao X, Liu Z, Zhang D. N-Aryl diketopyrrolopyrrole derivatives towards organic optical and electronic materials. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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4
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Babu NS. Donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) structural monomers as donor materials in polymer solar cells: a DFT/TDDFT approach. Des Monomers Polym 2021; 24:330-342. [PMID: 34776758 PMCID: PMC8583853 DOI: 10.1080/15685551.2021.1997178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) are used to investigate the ground- and excited-state properties of donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) monomers based on 3,6-carbazole (CB) combined with various-conjugated benzothiazole derivatives, using B3LYP and the 6-311 G basis set. To create nine D-A-D monomers for this investigation, nine (9) distinct acceptors were inserted at the C3 and C6 positions of carbazole. The impact of various electron-donor groups on structural, electrical, and optoelectronic properties is investigated. Our technique for developing novel donor monomers provides a theoretical framework for further optimizing the photovoltaic device's electrical, optical, and efficiency features. The HOMO and LUMO energies, bandgap, excited state, exciton binding energy, open-circuit voltage (VOC) and absorption spectra were calculated. Our findings indicate that CB-TDP-CB and CB-SDP-CB monomers have an appropriate electronic structure for polymer solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Numbury Surendra Babu
- Computational Quantum Chemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, the University of Dodoma, Dodoma, Tanzania
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5
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Pieczykolan M, Derr JB, Chrayteh A, Koszarna B, Clark JA, Vakuliuk O, Jacquemin D, Vullev VI, Gryko DT. The Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Weakly Coupled Diketopyrrolopyrroles. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26164744. [PMID: 34443329 PMCID: PMC8398321 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Three centrosymmetric diketopyrrolopyrroles possessing either two 2-(2′-methoxyphenyl)benzothiazole or two 2-(2′-methoxyphenyl)benzoxazolo-thiophene scaffolds were synthesized in a straightforward manner, and their photophysical properties were investigated. Their emission was significantly bathochromically shifted as compared with that of simple DPPs reaching 650 nm. Judging from theoretical calculations performed with time-dependent density functional theory, in all three cases the excited state was localized on the DPP core and there was no significant CT character. Consequently, emission was almost independent of solvents’ polarity. DPPs possessing 2,5-thiophene units vicinal to DPP core play a role in electronic transitions, resulting in bathochromically shifted absorption and emission. Interestingly, as judged from transient absorption dynamics, intersystem crossing was responsible for the deactivation of the excited states of DPPs possessing para linkers but not in the case of dye bearing meta linker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Pieczykolan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; (M.P.); (B.K.); (O.V.)
| | - James B. Derr
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA;
| | - Amara Chrayteh
- CEISAM Laboratory—UMR 6230, University of Nantes, CNTS, 44035 Nantes, France;
| | - Beata Koszarna
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; (M.P.); (B.K.); (O.V.)
| | - John A. Clark
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA;
| | - Olena Vakuliuk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; (M.P.); (B.K.); (O.V.)
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- CEISAM Laboratory—UMR 6230, University of Nantes, CNTS, 44035 Nantes, France;
- Correspondence: (D.J.); (V.I.V.); (D.T.G.)
| | - Valentine I. Vullev
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA;
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA;
- Correspondence: (D.J.); (V.I.V.); (D.T.G.)
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; (M.P.); (B.K.); (O.V.)
- Correspondence: (D.J.); (V.I.V.); (D.T.G.)
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6
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Jiang Y, Liu YY, Liu X, Lin H, Gao K, Lai WY, Huang W. Organic solid-state lasers: a materials view and future development. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:5885-5944. [PMID: 32672260 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00037j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lasing applications have spread over various aspects of human life. To meet the developing trends of the laser industry towards being miniature, portable, and highly integrated, new laser technologies are in urgent demand. Organic semiconductors are promising gain medium candidates for novel laser devices, due to their convenient processing techniques, ease of spectral and chemical tuning, low refractive indexes, mechanical flexibilities, and low thresholds, etc. organic solid-state lasers (OSSLs) open up a new horizon of simple, low-cost, time-saving, versatile and environmental-friendly manufacturing technologies for new and desirable laser structures (micro-, asymmetric, flexible, etc.) to unleash the full potential of semiconductor lasers for future electronics. Besides the development of optical feedback structures, the design and synthesis of robust organic gain media is critical as a vigorous aspect of OSSLs. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of recent advances in organic gain materials, mainly focused on organic semiconductors for OSSLs. The significant breakthroughs toward electrical pumping of OSSLs are emphasized. Opportunities, challenges and future research directions for the design of organic gain media are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yuan-Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Xu Liu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - He Lin
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Kun Gao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Wen-Yong Lai
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China. and Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China. and Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
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7
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Gutkowski K, Skonieczny K, Bugaj M, Jacquemin D, Gryko DT. N-Arylation of Diketopyrrolopyrroles with Aryl Triflates. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:1369-1375. [PMID: 32154982 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A new methodology for the double N-arylation of diketopyrrolopyrroles with aryl triflates has been developed. It is now possible to prepare diketopyrrolopyrroles bearing N-substituents derived from naphthalene, anthracene and coumarin in two steps from commercially available phenols. This represents the first time arenes lacking strong electron-withdrawing groups were inserted onto lactamic nitrogen atoms via arylation. The ability to incorporate heretofore unprecedented substituents translates to increased modulation of the resulting photophysical properties such as switching-on/off solvatofluorochromism. TD-DFT calculations have been performed to explore the nature of the relevant excited states. This new synthetic method made it possible to elucidate the influence of such substituents on the absorption and emission properties of tetraaryl substituted diketopyrrolopyrroles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Gutkowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamil Skonieczny
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Bugaj
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
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8
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Kanibolotsky AL, Laurand N, Dawson MD, Turnbull GA, Samuel IDW, Skabara PJ. Design of Linear and Star-Shaped Macromolecular Organic Semiconductors for Photonic Applications. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:1665-1674. [PMID: 31117341 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
One of the most desirable and advantageous attributes of organic materials chemistry is the ability to tune the molecular structure to achieve targeted physical properties. This can be performed to achieve specific values for the ionization potential or electron affinity of the material, the absorption and emission characteristics, charge transport properties, phase behavior, solubility, processability, and many other properties, which in turn can help push the limits of performance in organic semiconductor devices. A striking example is the ability to make subtle structural changes to a conjugated macromolecule to vary the absorption and emission properties of a generic chemical structure. In this Account, we demonstrate that target properties for specific photonic applications can be achieved from different types of semiconductor structures, namely, monodisperse star-shaped molecules, complex linear macromolecules, and conjugated polymers. The most appropriate material for any single application inevitably demands consideration of a trade-off of various properties; in this Account, we focus on applications such as organic lasers, electrogenerated chemiluminescence, hybrid light emitting diodes, and visible light communications. In terms of synthesis, atom and step economies are also important. The star-shaped structures consist of a core unit with 3 or 4 functional connection points, to which can be attached conjugated oligomers of varying length and composition. This strategy follows a convergent synthetic pathway and allows the isolation of target macromolecules in good yield, high purity, and absolute reproducibility. It is a versatile approach, providing a wide choice of constituent molecular units and therefore varying properties, while the products share many of the desirable attributes of polymers. Constructing linear conjugated macromolecules with multifunctionality can lead to complex synthetic routes and lower atom and step economies, inferior processability, and lower thermal or chemical stability, but these materials can be designed to provide a range of different targeted physical properties. Conventional conjugated polymers, as the third type of structure, often feature so-called "champion" properties. The synthetic challenge is mainly concerned with monomer synthesis, but the final polymerization sequence can be hard to control, leading to variable molecular weights and polydispersities and some degree of inconsistency in the properties of the same material between different synthetic batches. If a champion characteristic persists between samples, then the variation of other properties between batches can be tolerable, depending on the target application. In the case of polymers, we have chosen to study PPV-type polymers with bulky side groups that provide protection of their conjugated backbone from π-π stacking interactions. These polymers exhibit high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) in films and short radiative lifetimes and are an important benchmark to monodisperse star-shaped systems in terms of different absorption/emission regions. This Account therefore outlines the advantages and special features of monodisperse star-shaped macromolecules for photonic applications but also considers the two alternative classes of materials and highlights the pros and cons of each class of conjugated structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander L. Kanibolotsky
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
- Institute of Physical-Organic Chemistry and Coal Chemistry, 02160 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Nicolas Laurand
- Institute of Photonics, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K
| | - Martin D. Dawson
- Institute of Photonics, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K
| | - Graham A. Turnbull
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9SS, U.K
| | - Ifor D. W. Samuel
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9SS, U.K
| | - Peter J. Skabara
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
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9
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Wang X, Jiang B, Du C, Ren X, Duan Z, Wang H. Fluorinated dithienyl-diketopyrrolopyrrole: a new building block for organic optoelectronic materials. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj04060a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of monofluorinated and difluorinated dithienyl-DPP was reported using a stepwise synthesis method starting from the preparation of pyrrolinone followed by condensation with methyl thiophene-2-carbimidate derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science, and Center for Supramolecular Chemistry & Catalysis
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science, and Center for Supramolecular Chemistry & Catalysis
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Chenchen Du
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science, and Center for Supramolecular Chemistry & Catalysis
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaolei Ren
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science, and Center for Supramolecular Chemistry & Catalysis
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Zhiming Duan
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science, and Center for Supramolecular Chemistry & Catalysis
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science, and Center for Supramolecular Chemistry & Catalysis
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
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10
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Ho D, Ozdemir R, Kim H, Earmme T, Usta H, Kim C. BODIPY-Based Semiconducting Materials for Organic Bulk Heterojunction Photovoltaics and Thin-Film Transistors. Chempluschem 2018; 84:18-37. [PMID: 31950740 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201800543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The rapid emergence of organic (opto)electronics as a promising alternative to conventional (opto)electronics has been achieved through the design and development of novel π-conjugated systems. Among various semiconducting structural platforms, 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY) π-systems have recently attracted attention for use in organic thin-films transistors (OTFTs) and organic photovoltaics (OPVs). This Review article provides an overview of the developments in the past 10 years on the structural design and synthesis of BODIPY-based organic semiconductors and their application in OTFT/OPV devices. The findings summarized and discussed here include the most recent breakthroughs in BODIPYs with record-high charge carrier mobilities and power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). The most up-to-date design rationales and discussions providing a strong understanding of structure-property-function relationships in BODIPY-based semiconductors are presented. Thus, this review is expected to inspire new research for future materials developments/applications in this family of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongil Ho
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University Mapo-gu, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Resul Ozdemir
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering, Abdullah Gul University, Kayseri, 38080, Turkey
| | - Hyungsug Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University Mapo-gu, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeshik Earmme
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hongik University Mapo-gu, Seoul, 04066, Republic of Korea
| | - Hakan Usta
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering, Abdullah Gul University, Kayseri, 38080, Turkey
| | - Choongik Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University Mapo-gu, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
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11
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Bolis S, Pasini M, Virgili T. Ultrafast study of inter- and intrachain energy transfer in a core-polymer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Bolis
- OPERA-Photonics Group, Université libre de Bruxelles; Bruxelles 1050 Belgium
- Liquid Crystals & Photonics Group, Department of Electronics and Information System; Ghent University; Gent 9052 Belgium
| | | | - Tersilla Virgili
- IFN-CNR Dipartimento di Fisica; Politecnico di Milano; Milano 20132 Italy
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12
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Khlaifia D, Massuyeau F, Ewels CP, Duvail JL, Faulques E, Alimi K. DFT Modeling of Novel Donor-Acceptor (D-A) Molecules Incorporating 3-hexylthiophene (3HT) for Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201701481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dalila Khlaifia
- Unité de Recherche, Matériaux Nouveaux et Dispositifs Electroniques Organiques; Faculté des Sciences de Monastir; University of Monastir; 5000 Monastir Tunisia
| | - Florian Massuyeau
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN); Université de Nantes, CNRS; 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 32229 44322 Nantes cedex 3 France
| | - Christopher P. Ewels
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN); Université de Nantes, CNRS; 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 32229 44322 Nantes cedex 3 France
| | - Jean-Luc Duvail
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN); Université de Nantes, CNRS; 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 32229 44322 Nantes cedex 3 France
| | - Eric Faulques
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN); Université de Nantes, CNRS; 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 32229 44322 Nantes cedex 3 France
| | - Kamel Alimi
- Unité de Recherche, Matériaux Nouveaux et Dispositifs Electroniques Organiques; Faculté des Sciences de Monastir; University of Monastir; 5000 Monastir Tunisia
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13
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Yutronkie NJ, Tami P, Singh S, Kleisath E, Gabidullin BM, Davis R, Brusso JL. S-Functionalization of 3,5-bis(2-pyridyl)-1,2,4,6-thiatriazine: probing the effect of alkyl chain length in the development of tethered materials. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj03721f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The preference of S-alkyl-thiatriazines towards intra vs. intermolecular addition is dependent on alkyl chain length, as demonstrated experimentally and computationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J. Yutronkie
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences
- University of Ottawa
- Ottawa
- Canada
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation
| | - Perrine Tami
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences
- University of Ottawa
- Ottawa
- Canada
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation
| | | | - Elizabeth Kleisath
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences
- University of Ottawa
- Ottawa
- Canada
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation
| | - Bulat M. Gabidullin
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences
- University of Ottawa
- Ottawa
- Canada
| | - Rebecca Davis
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Manitoba
- Winnipeg
- Canada
| | - Jaclyn L. Brusso
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences
- University of Ottawa
- Ottawa
- Canada
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation
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14
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Orofino C, Foucher C, Farrell F, Findlay NJ, Breig B, Kanibolotsky AL, Guilhabert B, Vilela F, Laurand N, Dawson MD, Skabara PJ. Fluorene-containing tetraphenylethylene molecules as lasing materials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 55:734-746. [PMID: 28781425 PMCID: PMC5516184 DOI: 10.1002/pola.28421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A series of star‐shaped oligofluorene molecules, each containing a TPE core, have been specifically designed and produced to show effective aggregation‐induced emission (AIE). Each molecule differs either in the number of fluorene units within the arms (e.g., 1 or 4, compounds 4 and 5), or the terminal group positioned at the end of each arm (e.g., H, TMS, or TPA, compounds 4, 6, and 7). Although they are all poor emitters in solution phase they become efficient yellow‐green luminogens in the condensed state. Their AIE properties were investigated in THF/H2O mixtures, with each molecule exhibiting a clear emission enhancement at specific water contents. An all‐organic distributed feedback (DFB) laser was fabricated using compound 4 as the gain material and exhibited an average threshold energy fluence of 60 ± 6 μJ/cm2 and emission in the green region. Furthermore, piezofluorochromism studies on a thin film of this material displayed a linear dependence of the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) peak position on applied pressure, indicating potential applications as lasing‐based pressure sensors. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 734–746
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Affiliation(s)
- C Orofino
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - C Foucher
- Institute of Photonics, Department of Physics University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1RD
| | - F Farrell
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - N J Findlay
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - B Breig
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - A L Kanibolotsky
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL UK.,Institute of Physical-Organic Chemistry and Coal Chemistry Kyiv 02160 Ukraine
| | - B Guilhabert
- Institute of Photonics, Department of Physics University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1RD
| | - F Vilela
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Chemical Sciences Heriot Watt University Edinburgh EH14 4AS UK
| | - N Laurand
- Institute of Photonics, Department of Physics University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1RD
| | - M D Dawson
- Institute of Photonics, Department of Physics University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1RD
| | - P J Skabara
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL UK
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15
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Chini MK, Mahale RY, Chatterjee S. Effect of heterocycles on field-effect transistor performances of donor-acceptor-donor type small molecules. Chem Phys Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.08.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Kuehne AJC, Gather MC. Organic Lasers: Recent Developments on Materials, Device Geometries, and Fabrication Techniques. Chem Rev 2016; 116:12823-12864. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 476] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. C. Kuehne
- DWI−Leibniz
Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr.
50, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Malte C. Gather
- Organic
Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
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17
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He T, Yao S, Zhang J, Li Y, Li X, Hu J, Chen R, Lin X. Strong multiphoton absorption properties of one styrylpyridinium salt in a highly polar solvent. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:11091-11102. [PMID: 27409932 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.011091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Multiphoton absorption (MPA) effects have become useful for real applications as well as conceptual predictions. However, most of organic molecules exhibit small Stokes shift and reduced MPA in the highly polar solvents, which may seriously hinder their related applications. In this work, one styrylpyridinium salt has been synthesized, which exhibits outstanding properties such as bright red fluorescence at the wavelength of 626 nm in a highly polar solvent (DMSO). Importantly, it is noted that the material also exhibits strong two- and three-photon absorption action cross-section (δ2PA = 597 GM and δ3PA = 18 × 10-80 cm6∙s2∙photon-2, respectively), which can be excited in near-infrared (NIR) window I (650-900 nm) and NIR window II (1000-1450 nm). Meanwhile, two-photon in vitro bioimaging and MPA induced optical limiting behavior have been successfully demonstrated based on the chromophore.
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18
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Foucher C, Guilhabert B, Kanibolotsky AL, Skabara PJ, Laurand N, Dawson MD. RGB and white-emitting organic lasers on flexible glass. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:2273-80. [PMID: 26906803 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.002273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Two formats of multiwavelength red, green and blue (RGB) laser on mechanically-flexible glass are demonstrated. In both cases, three all-organic, vertically-emitting distributed feedback (DFB) lasers are assembled onto a common ultra-thin glass membrane substrate and fully encapsulated by a thin polymer overlayer and an additional 50 µm-thick glass membrane in order to improve the performance. The first device format has the three DFB lasers sitting next to each other on the glass substrate. The DFB lasers are simultaneously excited by a single overlapping optical pump, emitting spatially separated red, green and blue laser output with individual thresholds of, respectively, 28 µJ/cm(2), 11 µJ/cm(2) and 32 µJ/cm(2) (for 5 ns pump pulses). The second device format has the three DFB lasers, respectively the red, green and blue laser, vertically stacked onto the flexible glass. This device format emits a white laser output for an optical pump fluence above 42 µJ/cm(2).
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19
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Grzybowski M, Jeżewski A, Deperasińska I, Friese DH, Banasiewicz M, Hugues V, Kozankiewicz B, Blanchard-Desce M, Gryko DT. Solvatofluorochromic, non-centrosymmetric π-expanded diketopyrrolopyrrole. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:2025-33. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02583d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A donor–acceptor type π-expanded diketopyrrolopyrrole behaves as non-centrosymmetric as far as linear optical properties are concerned but as ‘pseudo-symmetric’ for two-photon absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Grzybowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences
- 01-224 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Artur Jeżewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences
- 01-224 Warsaw
- Poland
| | | | - Daniel H. Friese
- Universitetet i Tromsø - Norges Arktiske Universitet
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Tromsø
- Norway
| | | | | | | | | | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences
- 01-224 Warsaw
- Poland
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20
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Orofino-Pena C, Cortizo-Lacalle D, Cameron J, Sajjad MT, Manousiadis PP, Findlay NJ, Kanibolotsky AL, Amarasinghe D, Skabara PJ, Tuttle T, Turnbull GA, Samuel IDW. Synthesis and properties of novel star-shaped oligofluorene conjugated systems with BODIPY cores. Beilstein J Org Chem 2015; 10:2704-14. [PMID: 25550734 PMCID: PMC4273294 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.10.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Star-shaped conjugated systems with varying oligofluorene arm length and substitution patterns of the central BODIPY core have been synthesised, leading to two families of compounds, T-B1–T-B4 and Y-B1–Y-B4, with T- and Y-shaped motifs, respectively. Thermal stability, cyclic voltammetry, absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy of each member of these two families were studied in order to determine their suitability as emissive materials in photonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Orofino-Pena
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Diego Cortizo-Lacalle
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Joseph Cameron
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Muhammad T Sajjad
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics & Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Pavlos P Manousiadis
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics & Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Neil J Findlay
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Alexander L Kanibolotsky
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK ; Institute of Physical-Organic Chemistry and Coal Chemistry, 83114 Donetsk, Ukraine
| | - Dimali Amarasinghe
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics & Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Peter J Skabara
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Tell Tuttle
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Graham A Turnbull
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics & Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Ifor D W Samuel
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics & Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
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21
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Jadhav T, Misra R, Biswas S, Sharma GD. Bulk heterojunction organic solar cells based on carbazole–BODIPY conjugate small molecules as donors with high open circuit voltage. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:26580-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp04807a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The power conversion efficiency of an optimized3a:PC71BM active layer based device is 5.05%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaksen Jadhav
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore
- India
| | - Rajneesh Misra
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore
- India
| | - S. Biswas
- Department of Physics
- LNMIIT
- Jaipur
- India
| | - Ganesh D. Sharma
- R and D Center for Science and Engineering
- JEC Group of Colleges
- Jaipur
- India
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22
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Zhang X, Zhang Y, Chen L, Xiao Y. Star-shaped carbazole-based BODIPY derivatives with improved hole transportation and near-infrared absorption for small-molecule organic solar cells with high open-circuit voltages. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra02414e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The star-shaped carbazole-based BODIPY derivatives, realizing strong near-infrared absorption and high hole transportation, have been developed for solution-processed small-molecule organic solar cells with high open-circuit voltages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Youdi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Lingcheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Yi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
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23
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Grzybowski M, Hugues V, Blanchard-Desce M, Gryko DT. Two-Photon-Induced Fluorescence in New π-Expanded Diketopyrrolopyrroles. Chemistry 2014; 20:12493-501. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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Arumugam S, Brown RE, Orofino-Pena C, Findlay NJ, Inigo AR, Kanibolotsky AL, Skabara PJ. Field-Effect Mobility, Morphology and Electroluminescence of a Semiconductor Based on a DPPQuaterfluorene Quadrupolar Linear Conjugated System. Isr J Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201400059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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25
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Jarosz T, Lapkowski M, Ledwon P. Advances in Star-Shaped π-Conjugated Systems: Properties and Applications. Macromol Rapid Commun 2014; 35:1006-32. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201400061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Jarosz
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers; Silesian University of Technology; 44-100 Gliwice M. Strzody 9 Poland
| | - Mieczyslaw Lapkowski
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers; Silesian University of Technology; 44-100 Gliwice M. Strzody 9 Poland
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials; Polish Academy of Sciences; 41-819 Zabrze Curie-Sklodowskiej 34 Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Ledwon
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers; Silesian University of Technology; 44-100 Gliwice M. Strzody 9 Poland
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26
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Dennany L, Mohsan Z, Kanibolotsky AL, Skabara PJ. Novel electrochemiluminescent materials for sensor applications. Faraday Discuss 2014; 174:357-67. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fd00090k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) uses redox reactions to generate light at an electrode surface, and is gaining increasing attention for biosensor development due to its high sensitivity and excellent signal-to-noise ratio. ECL studies of monodisperse oligofluorene–truxenes (T4 series) have been reported previously, showing the production of stable radical cations and radical anions, generating blue ECL. The compound in this study differs from the original structures, in that there are 2,1,3-benzothiadazole (BT) units inserted between the first and second fluorene units of the quarterfluorenyl arms. It was therefore anticipated that the incorporation of these highly luminescent and ECL-active compounds into sensor development would lead to significant decreases in detection limits. In this contribution, we report on the impact of incorporating these novel complexes into sensor devices on the ECL efficiency, as well as the ability of these to improve the detection sensitivity and decrease the limit of detection using the reagent-free detection of model analytes. The real world impact of these compounds is elucidated through the comparison with more standard ECL materials such as ruthenium-based compounds. The potential for multiple applications is to be examined within this contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Dennany
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow, UK
| | - Zahera Mohsan
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Peter J. Skabara
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow, UK
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27
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Dharmapurikar SS, Arulkashmir A, Das C, Muddellu P, Krishnamoorthy K. Enhanced hole carrier transport due to increased intermolecular contacts in small molecule based field effect transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:7086-7093. [PMID: 23808768 DOI: 10.1021/am401379a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Small molecules and oligomers can be synthesized with very high purity and precise molecular weights, but they often do not form uniform thin films while processed from solution. Decreased intermolecular contacts between the small molecules are another disadvantage. To increase the intermolecular contacts in small molecules, we have chosen i-indigo, as one of the conjugated molecular units. The electron poor i-indigo has been connected with electron rich triphenylamine to synthesize a donor-acceptor-donor type small molecule. The propeller shaped triphenylamine helps to increase the solubility of the small molecule as well as isotropic charge transport. The intermolecular spacing between the molecules has been found to be low and did not vary as a function of thermal annealing. This implies that the intermolecular contacts between the small molecules are enhanced, and they do not vary as a function of thermal annealing. Organic field effect transistors (OFET) fabricated using a small molecule exhibited a hole carrier mobility (μ) of 0.3 cm(2)/(V s) before thermal annealing. A marginal increase in μ was observed upon thermal annealing at 150 °C, which has been attributed to changes in thin film morphology. The morphology of the thin films plays an important role in charge transport in addition to the intermolecular spacing that can be modulated with a judicious choice of the conjugated molecular unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satej S Dharmapurikar
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India
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28
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Chandran D, Lee KS. Diketopyrrolopyrrole: A versatile building block for organic photovoltaic materials. Macromol Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-013-1141-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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29
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Skabara PJ, Arlin JB, Geerts YH. Close encounters of the 3D kind - exploiting high dimensionality in molecular semiconductors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:1948-1954. [PMID: 23675597 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201200862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
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