1
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Zhong W, Shang L. Photoswitching the fluorescence of nanoparticles for advanced optical applications. Chem Sci 2024; 15:6218-6228. [PMID: 38699274 PMCID: PMC11062085 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00114a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The dynamic optical response properties and the distinct features of nanomaterials make photoswitchable fluorescent nanoparticles (PF NPs) attractive candidates for advanced optical applications. Over the past few decades, the design of PF NPs by coupling photochromic and fluorescent motifs at the nanoscale has been actively pursued, and substantial efforts have been made to exploit their potential applications. In this perspective, we critically summarize various design principles for fabricating these PF NPs. Then, we discuss their distinct optical properties from different aspects by highlighting the capability of NPs in fabricating new, robust photoswitch systems. Afterwards, we introduce the pivotal role of PF NPs in advanced optical applications, including sensing, anti-counterfeiting and imaging. Finally, current challenges and future development of PF NPs are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencheng Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) Xi'an 710072 China
| | - Li Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) Xi'an 710072 China
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen Shenzhen 518057 China
- Chongqing Science and Technology Innovation Center of Northwestern Polytechnical University Chongqing 401135 China
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2
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Jung HY, Kim B, Jeon MH, Kim Y. Reversible Near-Infrared Fluorescence Photoswitching in Aqueous Media by Diarylethene: Toward High-Accuracy Live Optical Imaging. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2103523. [PMID: 35023602 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202103523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence imaging is an indispensable tool in modern biological research, allowing simple and inexpensive color-coded visualizations of real-time events in living cells and animals, as well as of fixed states of ex vivo specimens. The accuracy of fluorescence imaging in living systems is, however, impeded by autofluorescence, light scattering, and limited penetration depth of light. Nevertheless, the clinical use of fluorescence imaging is expected to grow along with advances in imaging equipment, and will increasingly demand high-accuracy probes to avoid false-positive results in disease detection. To this end, a water-soluble and relatively safe diarylethene (DAE)-based reversible near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence photoswitch for living systems is prepared here. Furthermore, to facilitate excellent switching performance, the photoirradiation results obtained is compared using three different visible light sources to turn on NIR fluorescence through cycloreversion of DAE. While photoswitching using 589 nm light leads to slightly higher cell viability, fluorescence quenching efficiency and fatigue resistance are higher when 532 nm light with low photobleaching is used in both aqueous solution and living systems. The authors anticipate that their reversible NIR fluorescence photoswitch mediated by DAE can be beneficial for fluorescence imaging in aqueous media requiring accurate detection, such as in the autofluorescence-rich living environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Youn Jung
- Division of Biomedical Research, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Boram Kim
- Division of Biomedical Research, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Min Ho Jeon
- Division of Biomedical Research, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Yoonkyung Kim
- Division of Biomedical Research, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
- Bioscience Major, KRIBB School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Korea
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3
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Mohammadi R, Naderi-Manesh H, Farzin L, Vaezi Z, Ayarri N, Samandari L, Shamsipur M. Fluorescence sensing and imaging with carbon-based quantum dots for early diagnosis of cancer: A review. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 212:114628. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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4
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Oh M, Jo S, Huh TH, Kwark YJ, Lee TS. Synthesis of a conjugated polymer film via interfacial Knoevenagel polymerization and conversion to covalent triazine polymer for photocatalysis. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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5
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Yamasaki S, Ishida S, Kim S, Yamada M, Nakashima T, Kawai T, Kurihara S, Fukaminato T. Efficient NIR-I fluorescence photoswitching based on giant fluorescence quenching in photochromic nanoparticles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:5422-5425. [PMID: 33949476 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01389k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A photoswitchable near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent nanoparticle (NP) was designed and prepared. The NP showed a characteristic AIE property and high-contrast NIR fluorescence photoswitching with full reversibility. Such efficient NIR fluorescence photoswitching originated from the amplified fluorescence quenching mechanism based on intermolecular energy transfer in a densely packed NP state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Yamasaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry & Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science & Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan.
| | - Sanae Ishida
- Department of Applied Chemistry & Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science & Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan.
| | - Sunnam Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry & Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science & Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan.
| | - Mihoko Yamada
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Takuya Nakashima
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kawai
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Seiji Kurihara
- Department of Applied Chemistry & Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science & Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan.
| | - Tuyoshi Fukaminato
- Department of Applied Chemistry & Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science & Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan.
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6
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Norel L, Galangau O, Al Sabea H, Rigaut S. Remote Control of Near Infrared Emission with Lanthanide Complexes. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202000248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Norel
- Univ Rennes, CNRS ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226 F-35000 Rennes France
| | - Olivier Galangau
- Univ Rennes, CNRS ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226 F-35000 Rennes France
| | - Hassan Al Sabea
- Univ Rennes, CNRS ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226 F-35000 Rennes France
| | - Stéphane Rigaut
- Univ Rennes, CNRS ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226 F-35000 Rennes France
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7
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Al Sabea H, Norel L, Galangau O, Hijazi H, Métivier R, Roisnel T, Maury O, Bucher C, Riobé F, Rigaut S. Dual Light and Redox Control of NIR Luminescence with Complementary Photochromic and Organometallic Antennae. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:20026-20030. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Al Sabea
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut
des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) − UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Lucie Norel
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut
des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) − UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Galangau
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut
des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) − UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Hussein Hijazi
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut
des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) − UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Remi Métivier
- UMR CNRS 8531-PPSM, ENS
Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, 94235 Cachan, France
| | - Thierry Roisnel
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut
des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) − UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Maury
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Laboratoire de Chimie UMR 5182 46 allée d’Italie, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - Christophe Bucher
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Laboratoire de Chimie UMR 5182 46 allée d’Italie, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - François Riobé
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Laboratoire de Chimie UMR 5182 46 allée d’Italie, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - Stéphane Rigaut
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut
des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) − UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
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8
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Li M, Zhao J, Chu H, Mi Y, Zhou Z, Di Z, Zhao M, Li L. Light-Activated Nanoprobes for Biosensing and Imaging. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1804745. [PMID: 30276873 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201804745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent nanoprobes are indispensable tools to monitor and analyze biological species and dynamic biochemical processes in cells and living bodies. Conventional nanoprobes have limitations in obtaining imaging signals with high precision and resolution because of the interference with biological autofluorescence, off-target effects, and lack of spatiotemporal control. As a newly developed paradigm, light-activated nanoprobes, whose imaging and sensing activity can be remotely regulated with light irradiation, show good potential to overcome these limitations. Herein, recent research progress on the design and construction of light-activated nanoprobes to improve bioimaging and sensing performance in complex biological systems is introduced. First, recent innovative strategies and their underlying mechanisms for light-controlled imaging are reviewed, including photoswitchable nanoprobes and phototargeted nanosystems. Subsequently, a short highlight is provided on the development of light-activatable nanoprobes for biosensing, which offer possibilities for the remote control of biorecognition and sensing activity in a precise manner both temporally and spatially. Finally, perspectives and challenges in light-activated nanoprobes are commented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100190, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Hongqian Chu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yongsheng Mi
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zehao Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhenghan Di
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Meiping Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Lele Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100190, China
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9
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Mi Y, Cheng HB, Chu H, Zhao J, Yu M, Gu Z, Zhao Y, Li L. A photochromic upconversion nanoarchitecture: towards activatable bioimaging and dual NIR light-programmed singlet oxygen generation. Chem Sci 2019; 10:10231-10239. [PMID: 32206248 PMCID: PMC7069247 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc03524a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel upconversion nanoarchitecture is designed, whose 980 nm light photosensitized activity could be activated by 808 nm light.
The precise control of singlet oxygen (1O2) generation is in great demand for biological studies and precision medicine. Here, a nanoarchitecture is designed and synthesized for generating 1O2 in a dual NIR light-programmable manner, while shifting to the therapeutic window. The nanoarchitecture is constructed by controlled synthesis of mesoporous silica-coated upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), wherein the porphyrin photosensitizers (PSs) are covalently embedded inside the silica walls while NIR (808 nm)-responsive diarylethene (DAE) photochromic switches are loaded in the nanopores. Upon irradiation with 980 nm NIR light, the UCNP core absorbs low energy photons and transfers energy to the PSs in the silica wall, leading to efficient 1O2 generation. Furthermore, this 980 nm NIR light photosensitized activity can be remotely controlled by irradiation with a distinct NIR wavelength (808 nm). The 1O2 generation is inhibited when the DAE installed in the nanopores is in the closed form, whereas irradiation of the nanoconstruct with 808 NIR light leads to the transformation of DAE to the open form, and thus enabling full recovery of the 980 nm NIR light excited 1O2 generation capability. The NIR light-mediated on-demand “activation” of the nanoarchitecture for bioimaging and controllable photodynamic therapy is further demonstrated in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Mi
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety , CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China . ; .,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Hong-Bo Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety , CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China . ; .,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Hongqian Chu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety , CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China . ;
| | - Jian Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety , CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China . ;
| | - Mingming Yu
- College of Chemistry , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , 450001 , China
| | - Zhanjun Gu
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China.,CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety , Institute of High Energy Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety , CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China . ; .,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Lele Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety , CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China . ; .,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
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10
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Liu R, Yang Y, Cui Q, Xu W, Peng R, Li L. A Diarylethene-Based Photoswitch and its Photomodulation of the Fluorescence of Conjugated Polymers. Chemistry 2018; 24:17756-17766. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ronghua Liu
- State Key Lab for Advanced Metals and Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology Beijing; Beijing 100083 P.R. China
| | - Yu Yang
- State Key Lab for Advanced Metals and Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology Beijing; Beijing 100083 P.R. China
| | - Qianling Cui
- State Key Lab for Advanced Metals and Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology Beijing; Beijing 100083 P.R. China
| | - Wenqiang Xu
- State Key Lab for Advanced Metals and Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology Beijing; Beijing 100083 P.R. China
| | - Rui Peng
- State Key Lab for Advanced Metals and Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology Beijing; Beijing 100083 P.R. China
| | - Lidong Li
- State Key Lab for Advanced Metals and Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology Beijing; Beijing 100083 P.R. China
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11
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Chen W, Pan Y, Chen J, Ye F, Liu SH, Yin J. Stimuli-responsive organic chromic materials with near-infrared emission. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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12
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Zhang K, Gao YJ, Yang PP, Qi GB, Zhang JP, Wang L, Wang H. Self-Assembled Fluorescent Organic Nanomaterials for Biomedical Imaging. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1800344. [PMID: 30137689 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201800344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent nanomaterials, self-assembled from building blocks through multiple intermolecular interactions show diversified structures and functionalities, and are potential fluorescence contrast agents/probes for high-performance biomedical imaging. Self-assembled nanomaterials exhibit high stability, long circulation time, and targeted biological distribution. This review summarizes recent advances of self-assembled nanomaterials as fluorescence contrast agents/probes for biomedical imaging. The self-assembled nanomaterials are classified into two groups, i.e., ex situ and in situ construction of self-assembled nanomaterials. The advantages of ex situ as well as in situ constructed nanomaterials for biomedical applications are discussed thoroughly. The directions of future developments for self-assembled nanomaterials are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo Zhang
- Faculty of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; Changchun 130024 China
- CAS Center for Excellence Nanoscience; CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety; National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST); No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun Haidian District Beijing 100190 China
| | - Yu-Juan Gao
- CAS Center for Excellence Nanoscience; CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety; National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST); No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun Haidian District Beijing 100190 China
| | - Pei-Pei Yang
- CAS Center for Excellence Nanoscience; CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety; National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST); No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun Haidian District Beijing 100190 China
| | - Guo-Bin Qi
- CAS Center for Excellence Nanoscience; CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety; National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST); No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun Haidian District Beijing 100190 China
| | - Jing-Ping Zhang
- Faculty of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; Changchun 130024 China
| | - Lei Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence Nanoscience; CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety; National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST); No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun Haidian District Beijing 100190 China
| | - Hao Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence Nanoscience; CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety; National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST); No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun Haidian District Beijing 100190 China
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14
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Huang L, Han G. Near Infrared Boron Dipyrromethene Nanoparticles for Optotheranostics. SMALL METHODS 2018; 2:1700370. [PMID: 31872045 PMCID: PMC6927252 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.201700370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) is a class of important emerging fluorescent dyes. Due to their unique chemical and optical properties, near infrared (NIR)-emitting BODIPY dyes containing nanoparticles have recently been developed for a wide array of cutting-edge cancer optotheranostic applications. These nanoparticles not only have robust photostability and tunable photophysical properties, but they can also be flexibly tailored to a multitude of functional uses. Based on these outstanding characteristics, such nanoparticles have shown great promise in diagnosis as biological sensors, as well as in their utilization in advanced imaging and photomedicine for cancer treatment. In particular, here, this study first discusses their use as photoswitchable fluorescence probes toward in vitro single-molecule imaging. Second, this study takes a look at their opportunities for photoacoustic imaging utilization. Third, approaches are discussed to construct new NIR-absorbing BODIPY nanoparticles for photodynamic therapy (PDT). Fourth, this study delves into the new approach to use such nanoparticles as an emerging version of triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) and their biological uses, such as their photoactivation prodrug therapy (PAPT) for cancer. Finally, new biological sensors based on NIR BODIPY nanoparticles are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Gang Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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15
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Guo Y, Li Y, Yang Y, Tang S, Zhang Y, Xiong L. Multiscale Imaging of Brown Adipose Tissue in Living Mice/Rats with Fluorescent Polymer Dots. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:20884-20896. [PMID: 29893119 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b06094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been identified as a promising target for the treatment of obesity, diabetes, and relevant metabolism disorders because of the adaptive thermogenesis ability of this tissue. Visualizing BAT may provide an essential tool for pathology study, drug screening, and efficacy evaluation. Owing to limitations of current nuclear and magnetic resonance imaging approaches for BAT detection, fluorescence imaging has advantages in large-scale preclinical research on small animals. Here, fast BAT imaging in mice is conducted based on polymer dots as fluorescent probes. As early as 5 min after the intravenous injection of polymer dots, extensive fluorescence is detected in the interscapular BAT and axillar BAT. In addition, axillar and inguinal white adipose tissues (WAT) are recognized. The real-time in vivo behavior of polymer dots in rodents is monitored using the probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy imaging, and the preferred accumulation in BAT over WAT is confirmed by histological assays. Moreover, the whole study is conducted without a low temperature or pharmaceutical stimulation. The imaging efficacy is verified at the cellular, histological, and whole-body levels, and the present results indicate that fluorescent polymer dots may be a promising tool for the visualization of BAT in living subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Guo
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200030 , P. R. China
| | - Yao Li
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200030 , P. R. China
| | - Yidian Yang
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200030 , P. R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, and Shanghai Municipal Education Committee Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Probes and Sensors , Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai 200234 , P. R. China
| | - Shiyi Tang
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200030 , P. R. China
| | - Yufan Zhang
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200030 , P. R. China
| | - Liqin Xiong
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200030 , P. R. China
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16
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Mei J, Huang Y, Tian H. Progress and Trends in AIE-Based Bioprobes: A Brief Overview. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:12217-12261. [PMID: 29140079 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b14343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Luminescent bioprobes are powerful analytical means for biosensing and optical imaging. Luminogens featured with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) attributes have emerged as ideal building blocks for high-performance bioprobes. Bioprobes constructed with AIE luminogens have been identified to be a novel class of FL light-up probing tools. In contrast to conventional bioprobes based on the luminophores with aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) effect, the AIE-based bioprobes enjoy diverse superiorities, such as lower background, higher signal-to-noise ratio and sensitivity, better accuracy, and more outstanding resistance to photobleaching. AIE-based bioprobes have been tailored for a vast variety of purposes ranging from biospecies sensing to bioimaging to theranostics (i.e., image-guided therapies). In this review, recent five years' advances in AIE-based bioprobes are briefly overviewed in a perspective distinct from other reviews, focusing on the most appealing trends and progresses in this flourishing research field. There are altogether 11 trends outlined, which have been classified into four aspects: the probe composition and form (bioconjugtes, nanoprobes), the output signal of probe (far-red/near-infrared luminescence, two/three-photon excited fluorescence, phosphorescence), the modality and functionality of probing system (dual-modality, dual/multifunctionality), the probing object and application outlet (specific organelles, cancer cells, bacteria, real samples). Typical examples of each trend are presented and specifically demonstrated. Some important prospects and challenges are pointed out as well in the hope of intriguing more interests from researchers working in diverse areas into this exciting research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Mei
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science & Technology , No. 130 Meilong Road , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Youhong Huang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science & Technology , No. 130 Meilong Road , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - He Tian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science & Technology , No. 130 Meilong Road , Shanghai 200237 , China
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17
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Wang L, Li Q. Photochromism into nanosystems: towards lighting up the future nanoworld. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:1044-1097. [PMID: 29251304 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00630f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The ability to manipulate the structure and function of promising nanosystems via energy input and external stimuli is emerging as an attractive paradigm for developing reconfigurable and programmable nanomaterials and multifunctional devices. Light stimulus manifestly represents a preferred external physical and chemical tool for in situ remote command of the functional attributes of nanomaterials and nanosystems due to its unique advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and digital controllability. Photochromic moieties are known to undergo reversible photochemical transformations between different states with distinct properties, which have been extensively introduced into various functional nanosystems such as nanomachines, nanoparticles, nanoelectronics, supramolecular nanoassemblies, and biological nanosystems. The integration of photochromism into these nanosystems has endowed the resultant nanostructures or advanced materials with intriguing photoresponsive behaviors and more sophisticated functions. In this Review, we provide an account of the recent advancements in reversible photocontrol of the structures and functions of photochromic nanosystems and their applications. The important design concepts of such truly advanced materials are discussed, their fabrication methods are emphasized, and their applications are highlighted. The Review is concluded by briefly outlining the challenges that need to be addressed and the opportunities that can be tapped into. We hope that the review of the flourishing and vibrant topic with myriad possibilities would shine light on exploring the future nanoworld by encouraging and opening the windows to meaningful multidisciplinary cooperation of engineers from different backgrounds and scientists from the fields such as chemistry, physics, engineering, biology, nanotechnology and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USA.
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18
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Wang JL, Liu Q, Meng YS, Liu X, Zheng H, Shi Q, Duan CY, Liu T. Fluorescence modulation via photoinduced spin crossover switched energy transfer from fluorophores to Fe II ions. Chem Sci 2018; 9:2892-2897. [PMID: 29732073 PMCID: PMC5914289 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc05221a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular materials possessing phototunable fluorescence properties have attracted great interest owing to their potential applications in optical switches and storage. However, most fluorescence modulation is realized through light-responsive structural isomerization in solution. It is a formidable challenge to achieve phototunable fluorescence emission with high fatigue resistance and a fast response rate in the solid state for the development of devices. Here, a mononuclear compound was constructed via the coordination of fluorophores with FeII ions, whose electronic configuration changed from low spin to high spin upon light irradiation. The photoinduced spin crossover of FeII ions was accompanied by a 20% increase in the fluorescence emission intensity. A temperature-dependent spectroscopic study together with time-dependent density functional theory calculations revealed that the effective spectral overlap between the emission of the fluorophores and the absorption band of the FeII ions differed between the low spin and high spin states. The photoinduced spin crossover switched the energy transfer from the fluorophore to the FeII ion, resulting in fluorescence modulation. The presented results provide a novel approach for developing optical memory and sensors via electron rearrangement of photoinduced spin crossover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , 2 Linggong Rd. , 116024 , Dalian , China .
| | - Qiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , 2 Linggong Rd. , 116024 , Dalian , China .
| | - Yin-Shan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , 2 Linggong Rd. , 116024 , Dalian , China .
| | - Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , 2 Linggong Rd. , 116024 , Dalian , China .
| | - Hui Zheng
- Thermochemistry Laboratory , Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Thermochemistry for Energy and Materials , Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023 , China
| | - Quan Shi
- Thermochemistry Laboratory , Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Thermochemistry for Energy and Materials , Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023 , China
| | - Chun-Ying Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , 2 Linggong Rd. , 116024 , Dalian , China .
| | - Tao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , 2 Linggong Rd. , 116024 , Dalian , China .
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19
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Li J, Rao J, Pu K. Recent progress on semiconducting polymer nanoparticles for molecular imaging and cancer phototherapy. Biomaterials 2018; 155:217-235. [PMID: 29190479 PMCID: PMC5978728 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
As a new class of organic optical nanomaterials, semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (SPNs) have the advantages of excellent optical properties, high photostability, facile surface functionalization, and are considered to possess good biocompatibility for biomedical applications. This review surveys recent progress made on the design and synthesis of SPNs for molecular imaging and cancer phototherapy. A variety of novel polymer design, chemical modification and nanoengineering strategies have been developed to precisely tune up optoelectronic properties of SPNs to enable fluorescence, chemiluminescence and photoacoustic (PA) imaging in living animals. With these imaging modalities, SPNs have been demonstrated not only to image tissues such as lymph nodes, vascular structure and tumors, but also to detect disease biomarkers such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and protein sulfenic acid as well as physiological indexes such as pH and blood glucose concentration. The potentials of SPNs in cancer phototherapy including photodynamic and photothermal therapy are also highlighted with recent examples. Future efforts should further expand the use of SPNs in biomedical research and may even move them beyond pre-clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchao Li
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, 637457, Singapore
| | - Jianghong Rao
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Departments of Radiology and Chemistry, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Road, Stanford, CA 94305-5484, USA.
| | - Kanyi Pu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, 637457, Singapore.
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20
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Wang J, Lv F, Liu L, Ma Y, Wang S. Strategies to design conjugated polymer based materials for biological sensing and imaging. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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21
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Sandhu S, Kydd L, Jaworski J. Luminescent Probe Based Techniques for Hypoxia Imaging. JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE RESEARCH 2017; 6:00160. [PMID: 30417104 PMCID: PMC6223636 DOI: 10.15406/jnmr.2017.06.00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a condition of tissue environments wherein a lower than normal level of oxygen is available, and it serves as the root cause and indicator of various diseases. Detection of hypoxia in tumors is imperative for furthering our understanding of the pathological effects and the development of proper treatments, as it is well established that hypoxic tumors are able to impede the cancer treatment process by being resistant to many therapies. It is important therefore to be able to detect hypoxia in tissues and tumors through in vivo imaging methods. A growing area for detection of hypoxia in vivo is the use of fluorescent/luminescent probes which has accelerated in recent years. The continued quest for improvements in selectivity and sensitivity has inspired researchers to pursue new strategies for fluorescence/luminescent probe design. This review will discuss various luminescent probes based on small molecules, dyes, macromolecules, and nanoparticles for sensitive and specific detection of oxygen levels directly or by indirect mechanisms such as the presence of enzymes or related factors that arise in a hypoxic environment. Following the particular mechanism of detection, each probe has specific structural and photophysical properties which permit its selectivity and sensitivity. These probes show promise in terms of low toxicity and high specificity among other merits discussed, and in providing new dimensions for hypoxia detection, these works contribute to future potential methods for clinical diagnosis of hypoxic tissues and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Sandhu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, USA
| | - LeNaiya Kydd
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, USA
| | - Justyn Jaworski
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, USA
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22
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Kim D, Lee TS. Photoswitchable Emission Color Change in Nanodots Containing Conjugated Polymer and Photochrome. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:34770-34776. [PMID: 27936536 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b12277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A simple approach for the preparation of conjugated polymer (CP)-based fluorescent nanodots containing photochrome (dithienylethene, DTE) is reported. The CP in the nanodots was designed to exhibit dual emissions of blue and green. The photochromic, fluorescent, composite nanodots (PNDs) were able to tune the emission color from green to blue using selective energy transfer from the CP to DTE under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. The UV-irradiation-induced ring closure of the DTE within the PNDs provided a spectral overlap between the green emission of the CP and the absorption of DTE, leading to quenching of the green emission and, concomitantly, maintaining of the blue emission. The photoswitchable fluorescent PNDs with high on-off green fluorescence contrast were successfully applied in a living zebrafish imaging. Our design strategy provided a versatile tool for constructing a special photomodulated color-changeable nanostructure in bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daigeun Kim
- Organic and Optoelectronic Materials Laboratory, Department of Organic Materials Engineering, Chungnam National University , Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Taek Seung Lee
- Organic and Optoelectronic Materials Laboratory, Department of Organic Materials Engineering, Chungnam National University , Daejeon 34134, Korea
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23
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Harrington WN, Haji MR, Galanzha EI, Nedosekin DA, Nima ZA, Watanabe F, Ghosh A, Biris AS, Zharov VP. Photoswitchable non-fluorescent thermochromic dye-nanoparticle hybrid probes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36417. [PMID: 27824110 PMCID: PMC5099817 DOI: 10.1038/srep36417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoswitchable fluorescent proteins with controllable light-dark states and spectral shifts in emission in response to light have led to breakthroughs in the study of cell biology. Nevertheless, conventional photoswitching is not applicable for weakly fluorescent proteins and requires UV light with low depth penetration in bio-tissue. Here we introduce a novel concept of photoswitchable hybrid probes consisting of thermochromic dye and absorbing nanoparticles, in which temperature-sensitive light-dark states and spectral shifts in absorption can be switched through controllable photothermal heating of doped nanoparticles. The proof-of-concept is demonstrated through the use of two different types of temperature-sensitive dyes doped with magnetic nanoparticles and reversibly photoswitched by a near-infrared laser. Photoacoustic imaging revealed the high contrast of these probes, which is sufficient for their visualization in cells and deep tissue. Our results suggest that these new photoswitchable multicolour probes can be used for multimodal cellular diagnostics and potentially for magnetic and photothermal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter N. Harrington
- Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Mwafaq R. Haji
- Center for Integrative Nanotechnology Sciences, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock AR
| | - Ekaterina I. Galanzha
- Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Dmitry A. Nedosekin
- Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Zeid A. Nima
- Center for Integrative Nanotechnology Sciences, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock AR
| | - Fumiya Watanabe
- Center for Integrative Nanotechnology Sciences, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock AR
| | - Anindya Ghosh
- Chemistry Department, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock AR
| | - Alexandru S. Biris
- Center for Integrative Nanotechnology Sciences, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock AR
| | - Vladimir P. Zharov
- Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
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24
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Pu K, Chattopadhyay N, Rao J. Recent advances of semiconducting polymer nanoparticles in in vivo molecular imaging. J Control Release 2016; 240:312-322. [PMID: 26773769 PMCID: PMC4938792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (SPNs) emerge as attractive molecular imaging nanoagents in living animals because of their excellent optical properties including large absorption coefficients, tunable optical properties and controllable dimensions, high photostability, and the use of organic and biologically inert components without toxic metals. This review summarizes the recent advances of these new organic nanoparticles in in vivo molecular imaging. The in vivo biocompatibility of SPNs is discussed first in details, followed by examples of their applications ranging from sentinel lymph node mapping and tumor imaging to long-term cell tracking, to drug toxicity and bacterial infection imaging for fluorescence, bioluminescence, chemiluminescence and photoacoustic imaging in living animals. The utility of SPNs for designing smart activatable probes for real-time in vivo imaging is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanyi Pu
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology School of Medicine, Stanford University, USA; School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 637457, Singapore
| | - Niladri Chattopadhyay
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology School of Medicine, Stanford University, USA
| | - Jianghong Rao
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology School of Medicine, Stanford University, USA.
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25
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Optical painting and fluorescence activated sorting of single adherent cells labelled with photoswitchable Pdots. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11468. [PMID: 27118210 PMCID: PMC4853474 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficient selection and isolation of individual cells of interest from a mixed population is desired in many biomedical and clinical applications. Here we show the concept of using photoswitchable semiconducting polymer dots (Pdots) as an optical 'painting' tool, which enables the selection of certain adherent cells based on their fluorescence, and their spatial and morphological features, under a microscope. We first develop a Pdot that can switch between the bright (ON) and dark (OFF) states reversibly with a 150-fold contrast ratio on irradiation with ultraviolet or red light. With a focused 633-nm laser beam that acts as a 'paintbrush' and the photoswitchable Pdots as the 'paint', we select and 'paint' individual Pdot-labelled adherent cells by turning on their fluorescence, then proceed to sort and recover the optically marked cells (with 90% recovery and near 100% purity), followed by genetic analysis.
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26
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Wang J, Lv Y, Wan W, Wang X, Li ADQ, Tian Z. Photoswitching Near-Infrared Fluorescence from Polymer Nanoparticles Catapults Signals over the Region of Noises and Interferences for Enhanced Sensitivity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:4399-4406. [PMID: 26859429 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b10837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
As a very sensitive technique, photoswitchable fluorescence not only gains ultrasensitivity but also imparts many novel and unexpected applications. Applications of near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence have demonstrated low background noises, high tissue-penetrating ability, and an ability to reduce photodamage to live cells. Because of these desired features, NIR-fluorescent dyes have been the premium among fluorescent dyes, and probes with photoswitchable NIR fluorescence are even more desirable for enhanced signal quality in the emerging optical imaging modalities but rarely used because they are extremely challenging to design and construct. Using a spiropyran derivative functioning as both a photoswitch and a fluorophore to launch its periodically modulated red fluorescence excitation energy into a NIR acceptor, we fabricated core-shell polymer nanoparticles exhibiting a photoswitchable fluorescence signal within the biological window (∼700-1000 nm) with a peak maximum of 776 nm. Live cells constantly synthesize new molecules, including fluorescent molecules, and also endocytose exogenous particles, including fluorescent particles. Upon excitation at different wavelengths, these fluorescent species bring about background noises and interferences covering nearly the whole visible region and therefore render many intracellular targets unaddressable. The oscillating NIR fluorescence signal with an on/off ratio of up to 67 that the polymer nanoparticles display is beyond the typical background noises and interferences, thus producing superior sharpness, reliability, and signal-to-noise ratios in cellular imaging. Taking these salient features, we anticipate that these types of nanoparticles will be useful for in vivo imaging of biological tissue and other complex specimens, where two-photon activation and excitation are used in combination with NIR-fluorescence photoswitching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yanlin Lv
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Materials Research, Washington State University Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Xuefei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Alexander D Q Li
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Materials Research, Washington State University Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Zhiyuan Tian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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27
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Zhang X, Chamberlayne CF, Kurimoto A, Frank NL, Harbron EJ. Visible light photoswitching of conjugated polymer nanoparticle fluorescence. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:4144-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc00001k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated polymer nanoparticles doped with a reverse photochromic dye exhibit highly quenched fluorescence that can be reversibly activated by controlling the form of the photochrome with visible light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- The College of William and Mary
- Williamsburg
- USA
| | | | - Aiko Kurimoto
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Victoria
- Victoria
- Canada
| | - Natia L. Frank
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Victoria
- Victoria
- Canada
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28
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Zhang Y, Zhang K, Wang J, Tian Z, Li ADQ. Photoswitchable fluorescent nanoparticles and their emerging applications. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:19342-19357. [PMID: 26445313 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr05436b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Although fluorescence offers ultrasensitivity, real-world applications of fluorescence techniques encounter many practical problems. As a noninvasive means to investigate biomolecular mechanisms, pathways, and regulations in living cells, the intrinsic heterogeneity and inherent complexity of biological samples always generates optical interferences such as autofluorescence. Therefore, innovative fluorescence technologies are needed to enhance measurement reliability while not compromising sensitivity. In this review, we present current strategies that use photoswitchable nanoparticles to address these real-world challenges. The unique feature in these photoswitchable nanoparticles is that fundamental molecular photoswitches are playing the critical role of fluorescence modulation rather than traditional methods like modulating the light source. As a result, new innovative technologies that have recently emerged include super-resolution imaging, frequency-domain imaging, antiphase dual-color correlation, etc. Some of these methods improve imaging resolution down to the nanometer level, while others boost the detection sensitivity by orders of magnitude and confirm the nanoparticle probes unambiguously. These enhancements, which are not possible with non-photoswitching molecular probes, are the central topics of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanlin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, P. R. China.
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29
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Palner M, Pu K, Shao S, Rao J. Semiconducting Polymer Nanoparticles with Persistent Near-Infrared Luminescence for In Vivo Optical Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [PMID: 26223794 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201502736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Materials with persistent luminescence are attractive for in vivo optical imaging since they have a long lifetime that allows the separation of excitation of fluorophores and image acquisition for time-delay imaging, thus eliminating tissue autofluorescence associated with fluorescence imaging. Persistently luminescent nanoparticles have previously been fabricated from toxic rare-earth metals. This work reports that nanoparticles made of the conjugated polymer MEH-PPV can generate luminescence persisting for an hour upon single excitation. A near-infrared dye was encapsulated in the conjugated polymer nanoparticle to successfully generate persistent near-infrared luminescence through resonance energy transfer. This new persistent luminescence nanoparticles have been demonstrated for optical imaging applications in living mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Palner
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94395-5484 (USA) http://www.raolab.stanford.edu
| | - Kanyi Pu
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94395-5484 (USA) http://www.raolab.stanford.edu.,Current address: School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459 (Singapore)
| | - Shirley Shao
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94395-5484 (USA) http://www.raolab.stanford.edu
| | - Jianghong Rao
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94395-5484 (USA) http://www.raolab.stanford.edu.
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30
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Palner M, Pu K, Shao S, Rao J. Semiconducting Polymer Nanoparticles with Persistent Near-Infrared Luminescence for In Vivo Optical Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201502736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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31
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Peng HQ, Niu LY, Chen YZ, Wu LZ, Tung CH, Yang QZ. Biological Applications of Supramolecular Assemblies Designed for Excitation Energy Transfer. Chem Rev 2015; 115:7502-42. [DOI: 10.1021/cr5007057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Qing Peng
- Key
Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials,
Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Ya Niu
- Key
Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials,
Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
- Key
Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Zhe Chen
- Key
Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials,
Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Zhu Wu
- Key
Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials,
Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Key
Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials,
Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in
Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing-Zheng Yang
- Key
Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials,
Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
- Key
Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China
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32
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Li K, Liu B. Polymer-encapsulated organic nanoparticles for fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 43:6570-97. [PMID: 24792930 DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00014e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 652] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Polymer encapsulated organic nanoparticles have recently attracted increasing attention in the biomedical field because of their unique optical properties, easy fabrication and outstanding performance as imaging and therapeutic agents. Of particular importance is the polymer encapsulated nanoparticles containing conjugated polymers (CP) or fluorogens with aggregation induced emission (AIE) characteristics as the core, which have shown significant advantages in terms of tunable brightness, superb photo- and physical stability, good biocompatibility, potential biodegradability and facile surface functionalization. In this review, we summarize the latest advances in the development of polymer encapsulated CP and AIE fluorogen nanoparticles, including preparation methods, material design and matrix selection, nanoparticle fabrication and surface functionalization for fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging. We also discuss their specific applications in cell labeling, targeted in vitro and in vivo imaging, blood vessel imaging, cell tracing, inflammation monitoring and molecular imaging. We specially focus on strategies to fine-tune the nanoparticle property (e.g. size and fluorescence quantum yield) through precise engineering of the organic cores and careful selection of polymer matrices. The review also highlights the merits and limitations of these nanoparticles as well as strategies used to overcome the limitations. The challenges and perspectives for the future development of polymer encapsulated organic nanoparticles are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR, 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602.
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33
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Li XG, Liao Y, Huang MR, Kaner RB. Interfacial chemical oxidative synthesis of multifunctional polyfluoranthene. Chem Sci 2015; 6:2087-2101. [PMID: 29142676 PMCID: PMC5654415 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc03890h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyfluoranthene, synthesized by an interfacial cationic oxidative polymerization of fluoranthene, emits visible fluorescence that shows highly selective sensitivity to Fe3+.
A novel polyfluoranthene (PFA) exhibiting strong visual fluorescence emission, a highly amplified quenching effect, and widely controllable electrical conductivity is synthesized by the direct cationic oxidative polymerization of fluoranthene in a dynamic interface between n-hexane and nitromethane containing fluoranthene and FeCl3, respectively. A full characterization of the molecular structure signifies that the PFAs have a degree of polymerization from 22–50 depending on the polymerization conditions. A polymerization mechanism at the interface of the hexane/nitromethane biphasic system is proposed. The conductivity of the PFA is tunable from 6.4 × 10–6 to 0.074 S cm–1 by doping with HCl or iodine. The conductivity can be significantly enhanced to 150 S cm–1 by heat treatment at 1100 °C in argon. A PFA-based chemosensor shows a highly selective sensitivity for Fe3+ detection which is unaffected by other common metal ions. The detection of Fe3+ likely involves the synergistic effect of well-distributed π-conjugated electrons throughout the PFA helical chains that function as both the fluorophore and the receptor units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Gui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse , College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Tongji University , 1239 Si-Ping Road , Shanghai 200092 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86-21-69582104.,Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , California NanoSystems Institute , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA . ; ; Tel: +1 310 825 5346
| | - Yaozu Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse , College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Tongji University , 1239 Si-Ping Road , Shanghai 200092 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86-21-69582104.,Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , California NanoSystems Institute , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA . ; ; Tel: +1 310 825 5346
| | - Mei-Rong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse , College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Tongji University , 1239 Si-Ping Road , Shanghai 200092 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86-21-69582104.,Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , California NanoSystems Institute , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA . ; ; Tel: +1 310 825 5346
| | - Richard B Kaner
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , California NanoSystems Institute , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA . ; ; Tel: +1 310 825 5346
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Low-bandgap biophotonic nanoblend: a platform for systemic disease targeting and functional imaging. Biomaterials 2014; 39:225-33. [PMID: 25465444 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.10.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Photonic nanomaterials have found wide applications in theranostics. We introduce here a design of all-organic photonic nanoparticles, different from traditional ones, in which we utilize nanoblend of a low-bandgap π-conjugated polymer (LB-CP) and polystyrene as the photonic core, surrounded by an FDA-approved polymeric surfactant. This design provides capability for efficient deep tissue imaging using highly penetrating near-infrared (NIR) excitation and emission of LB-CP and also allows us to incorporate a NIR phosphorescent oxygen-sensitive dye in the core to serve as a dual-emissive probe for hypoxia imaging. These biophotonic nanoblend (BNB) particles (∼20 nm in diameter) show facile blood circulation, efficient disease targeting and minimal liver filtration as well as sustained renal excretion in the intravenously administered mouse models, as noninvasively visualized by the NIR emission signals. In diseased mouse models, pathological tissue deoxygenation at hypoxic sites was successfully detected with ratiometric spectral information. We also show that our nanoformulation exhibits no apparent toxicity, thus serving as a versatile biophotonics platform for diagnostic imaging.
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Jia X, Li Y, Xiao L, Liu L. Synthesis and characterization of fluorescent oligo(3,4,5-triethoxycarbonyl-2-pyrazoline). Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py00315b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Feng G, Ding D, Li K, Liu J, Liu B. Reversible photoswitching conjugated polymer nanoparticles for cell and ex vivo tumor imaging. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:4141-7. [PMID: 24604130 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr06663k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent photoswitchable conjugated polymer nanoparticles (PCPNPs) bearing poly(9,9-dihexylfluorene-alt-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole) (PFBD) as the fluorescent host polymer and the photochromic diarylethene as toggle are synthesized via a modified nano-precipitation method using 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[amino(polyethylene glycol)-2000] (DSPE-PEG-NH₂) as the encapsulation matrix. The PCPNPs are spherical in shape with diameters around 34 nm. The fluorescence switching processes upon UV and white light illumination are successfully demonstrated with high contrast up to 90-fold, recovery efficiency of 95%, and excellent repeatability in solution. The cationic PCPNPs can be easily internalized into cancer cells, and accumulate in tumor tissues, where the fluorescence photoswitching processes can be used to self-validate the imaging results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxue Feng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117576, Singapore
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