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Liu B, Wang J, Zhang G, Du G, Xia H, Deng W, Zhao X. Using a Flexible Fountain Pen to Directly Write Organic Semiconductor Patterns with Crystallization Regulated by the Precursor Film. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2400098. [PMID: 39054724 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202400098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Organic semiconductor (OSC) films fabricated by meniscus-guided coating (MGC) methods are suitable for cost-effective and flexible electronics. However, achieving crystalline thin films by MGC methods is still challenging because the nucleation and crystal growth processes are influenced by the intertwined interactions among solvent evaporation, stochastic nucleation, and the fluid flow instabilities. Herein, a novel flexible fountain pen with active ink supply is designed and used to print OSCs. This direct-write method allows the flexible pen tip to contact the substrate, maintaining a robust meniscus by eliminating the gap found in conventional MGCs. An in situ optical microscopy observation system shows that the precursor film plays a critical role on the crystallization and the formation of coffee rings and dendrites. The computational fluid dynamics simulations demonstrate that the microstructure of the pen promotes extensional flows, facilitating mass transport and crystal alignment. Highly-aligned ribbon-shaped crystals of a small organic molecule (TIPS-pentacene), as well as a semiconducting polymer (N2200) with highly-ordered orientations, have been successfully printed by the flexible fountain pen. Organic field-effect transistors based on the flexible pen printed OSCs exhibit high performances and strong anisotropic mobility. In addition, the flexible fountain pen is expandable for printing multiple lines or large-area films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyang Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Soft Mechanics & Smart Manufacturing, Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Shenzhen Jinxin Technology Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, 518108, China
| | - Jialin Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Soft Mechanics & Smart Manufacturing, Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Guoxin Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Soft Mechanics & Smart Manufacturing, Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Gengxin Du
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Soft Mechanics & Smart Manufacturing, Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Huihui Xia
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Soft Mechanics & Smart Manufacturing, Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Shenzhen Jinxin Technology Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, 518108, China
| | - Weiwei Deng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Soft Mechanics & Smart Manufacturing, Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xinyan Zhao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Soft Mechanics & Smart Manufacturing, Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
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2
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Sheng F, Deng W, Ren X, Liu X, Meng X, Shi J, Grigorian S, Jie J, Zhang X. Breaking Fundamental Limitation of Flow-Induced Anisotropic Growth for Large-Scale and Fast Printing of Organic Single-Crystal Films. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2401822. [PMID: 38555558 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202401822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Advanced organic electronic technologies have put forward a pressing demand for cost-effective and high-throughput fabrication of organic single-crystal films (OSCFs). However, solution-printed OSCFs are typically plagued by the existence of abundant structural defects, which pose a formidable challenge to achieving large-scale and high-performance organic electronics. Here, it is elucidated that these structural defects are mainly originated from printing flow-induced anisotropic growth, an important factor that is overlooked for too long. In light of this, a surfactant-additive printing method is proposed to effectively overcome the anisotropic growth, enabling the deposition of uniform OSCFs over the wafer scale at a high speed of 1.2 mm s-1 at room temperature. The resulting OSCF exhibits appealing performance with a high average mobility up to 10.7 cm2 V-1 s-1, which is one of the highest values for flexible organic field-effect transistor arrays. Moreover, large-scale OSCF-based flexible logic circuits, which can be bent without degradation to a radius as small as 4.0 mm and over 1000 cycles are realized. The work provides profound insights into breaking the limitation of flow-induced anisotropic growth and opens new avenues for printing large-scale organic single-crystal electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangming Sheng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Xiaobin Ren
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Xinghan Meng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Jialin Shi
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Souren Grigorian
- Department of Physics, University of Siegen, 57072, Siegen, Germany
| | - Jiansheng Jie
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering (MIMSE), MUST-SUDA Joint Research Center for Advanced Functional Materials, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Xiujuan Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
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Sheng Q, Peng B, Ji C, Li H. Enhancing the Uniformity of Organic Field-Effect Transistors by a Single-Crystalline Layer-Controlled Active Channel. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2304736. [PMID: 37494287 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Despite remarkable improvement in the mobility of the organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) being achieved in past decades, the uniformity in electrical performance remains ambiguous, impeding their implantation in organic integrated circuits. The coefficient of variance (CV) in mobility of reported OFETs is typically larger than 8%, which is not adequate for building medium-to-large scale integrated circuits. In this work, it is shown that utilizing single-domain molecular monolayer crystals as the active channel can largely enhance the uniformity of OFETs. Benefiting from the sole molecular layer with long-range ordering, the OFETs exhibit uniformities in both channel transport and charge injection, thereby giving rise to a high average mobility of 11.64 cm2 V-1 s-1 and CV of only 2.57%. Statistical transmission length method evaluation is conducted, covering channel length from 3 to 21 µm, channel width from 90 to 170 µm, and a total OFET number of 370. The low contact resistance of 79.00 ± 7.00 Ω cm and high intrinsic mobility of 12.36 ± 0.45 cm2 V-1 s-1 are acquired with very high accuracy and reliability. As such, this work provides a practical way to enhance the uniformity of OFETs by a single-crystalline layer-controlled active channel toward their applications in integrated circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyue Sheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Boyu Peng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Chong Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Hanying Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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Zhao X, Zhang H, Zhang J, Liu J, Lei M, Jiang L. Organic Semiconductor Single Crystal Arrays: Preparation and Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2300483. [PMID: 36967565 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The study of organic semiconductor single crystal (OSSC) arrays has recently attracted considerable interest given their potential applications in flexible displays, smart wearable devices, biochemical sensors, etc. Patterning of OSSCs is the prerequisite for the realization of organic integrated circuits. Patterned OSSCs can not only decrease the crosstalk between adjacent organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), but also can be conveniently integrated with other device elements which facilitate circuits application. Tremendous efforts have been devoted in the controllable preparation of OSSC arrays, and great progress has been achieved. In this review, the general strategies for patterning OSSCs are summarized, along with the discussion of the advantages and limitations of different patterning methods. Given the identical thickness of monolayer molecular crystals (MMCs) which is beneficial to achieve super uniformity of OSSC arrays and devices, patterning of MMCs is also emphasized. Then, OFET performance is summarized with comparison of the mobility and coefficient of variation based on the OSSC arrays prepared by different methods. Furthermore, advances of OSSC array-based circuits and flexible devices of different functions are highlighted. Finally, the challenges that need to be tackled in the future are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications & School of Integrated Circuits, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Hantang Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science of Shanxi Normal University & Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials of Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, 031000, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Ming Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications & School of Integrated Circuits, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China
| | - Lang Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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5
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Deng W, Lei H, Zhang X, Sheng F, Shi J, Zhang X, Liu X, Grigorian S, Zhang X, Jie J. Scalable Growth of Organic Single-Crystal Films via an Orientation Filter Funnel for High-Performance Transistors with Excellent Uniformity. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2109818. [PMID: 35073612 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202109818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Organic single-crystal films (OSCFs) provide an unprecedented opportunity for the development of new-generation organic single-crystal electronics. However, crystallization of organic films is normally governed by stochastic nucleation and incoherent growth, posing a formidable challenge to grow large-sized OSCFs. Here, an "orientation filter funnel" concept is presented for the scalable growth of OSCFs with well-aligned, singly orientated crystals. By rationally designing solvent wetting/dewetting patterns on the substrate, this approach can produce seed crystals with the same crystallographic orientation and then maintain epitaxial growth of these crystals, enabling the formation of large-area OSCFs. As a result, this unique concept for crystal growth not only enhances the average mobility of organic film by 4.5-fold but also improves its uniformity of electrical properties, with a low mobility variable coefficient of 9.8%, the new lowest record among organic devices. The method offers a general and scalable route to produce OSCFs toward real-word electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Deng
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Hemeng Lei
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xiujuan Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Fangming Sheng
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jialin Shi
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xiali Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Souren Grigorian
- Department of Physics, University of Siegen, 57072, Siegen, Germany
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jiansheng Jie
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, P. R. China
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6
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Lee T, Kim JO, Park C, Kim H, Kim M, Park H, Kim I, Ko J, Pak K, Choi SQ, Kim ID, Park S. Large-Area Synthesis of Ultrathin, Flexible, and Transparent Conductive Metal-Organic Framework Thin Films via a Microfluidic-Based Solution Shearing Process. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107696. [PMID: 35040532 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Iminosemiquinone-linker-based conductive metal-organic frameworks (c-MOFs) have attracted much attention as next-generation electronic materials due to their high electrical conductivity combined with high porosity. However, the utility of such c-MOFs in high-performance devices has been limited to date by the lack of high-quality MOF thin-film processing. Herein, a technique known as the microfluidic-assisted solution shearing combined with post-synthetic rapid crystallization (MASS-PRC) process is introduced to generate a high-quality, flexible, and transparent thin-film of Ni3 (hexaiminotriphenylene)2 (Ni3 (HITP)2 ) uniformly over a large-area in a high-throughput manner with thickness controllability down to tens of nanometers. The MASS-PRC process utilizes: 1) a micromixer-embedded blade to simultaneously mix and continuously supply the metal-ligand solution toward the drying front during solution shearing to generate an amorphous thin-film, followed by: 2) immersion in amine solution for rapid directional crystal growth. The as-synthesized c-MOF film has transparency of up to 88.8% and conductivity as high as 37.1 S cm-1 . The high uniformity in conductivity is confirmed over a 3500 mm2 area with an arithmetic mean roughness (Ra ) of 4.78 nm. The flexible thin-film demonstrates the highest level of transparency for Ni3 (HITP)2 and the highest hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) sensing performance (2,085% at 5 ppm) among c-MOFs-based H2 S sensors, enabling wearable gas-sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehoon Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Oh Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chungseong Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Membrane Innovation Center for Anti-Virus & Air-Quality Control, KAIST Institute for Nanocentury, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanul Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunmin Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ikjin Kim
- Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyun Ko
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Membrane Innovation Center for Anti-Virus & Air-Quality Control, KAIST Institute for Nanocentury, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyusoon Pak
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Siyoung Q Choi
- KAIST Institute for the NanoCentury, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Doo Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Membrane Innovation Center for Anti-Virus & Air-Quality Control, KAIST Institute for Nanocentury, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Steve Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KI for Health Science and Technology, Saudi Aramco-KAIST CO 2 Management Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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Kim SY, Lee JC, Seo G, Woo JH, Lee M, Nam J, Sim JY, Kim HR, Park EC, Park S. Computational Method-Based Optimization of Carbon Nanotube Thin-Film Immunosensor for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Virus. SMALL SCIENCE 2022; 2:2100111. [PMID: 34901932 PMCID: PMC8646396 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202100111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent global spread of COVID-19 stresses the importance of developing diagnostic testing that is rapid and does not require specialized laboratories. In this regard, nanomaterial thin-film-based immunosensors fabricated via solution processing are promising, potentially due to their mass manufacturability, on-site detection, and high sensitivity that enable direct detection of virus without the need for molecular amplification. However, thus far, thin-film-based biosensors have been fabricated without properly analyzing how the thin-film properties are correlated with the biosensor performance, limiting the understanding of property-performance relationships and the optimization process. Herein, the correlations between various thin-film properties and the sensitivity of carbon nanotube thin-film-based immunosensors are systematically analyzed, through which optimal sensitivity is attained. Sensitivities toward SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein in buffer solution and in the lysed virus are 0.024 [fg/mL]-1 and 0.048 [copies/mL]-1, respectively, which are sufficient for diagnosing patients in the early stages of COVID-19. The technique, therefore, can potentially elucidate complex relationships between properties and performance of biosensors, thereby enabling systematic optimization to further advance the applicability of biosensors for accurate and rapid point-of-care (POC) diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Yeong Kim
- Organic and nano electronics laboratoryKI for Health Science and TechnologyDepartment of Materials Science and EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)Daejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Chan Lee
- Organic and nano electronics laboratoryKI for Health Science and TechnologyDepartment of Materials Science and EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)Daejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Giwan Seo
- Research Center for Bioconvergence AnalysisKorea Basic Science InstituteCheongju28119Republic of Korea
- Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus InfectionKorea Research Institute of Chemical TechnologyDaejeon34114Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hee Woo
- Organic and nano electronics laboratoryKI for Health Science and TechnologyDepartment of Materials Science and EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)Daejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical ProcessSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewook Nam
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical ProcessSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Yong Sim
- Department of Mechanical Systems EngineeringSookmyung Women's UniversitySeoul04310Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Ryong Kim
- Department of PharmacologyCollege of DentistryJeonbuk National UniversityJeonju54896Republic of Korea
| | - Edmond Changkyun Park
- Research Center for Bioconvergence AnalysisKorea Basic Science InstituteCheongju28119Republic of Korea
- Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus InfectionKorea Research Institute of Chemical TechnologyDaejeon34114Republic of Korea
| | - Steve Park
- Organic and nano electronics laboratoryKI for Health Science and TechnologyDepartment of Materials Science and EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)Daejeon34141Republic of Korea
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Lee JC, Woo JH, Lee HJ, Lee M, Woo H, Baek S, Nam J, Sim JY, Park S. Microfluidic Screening-Assisted Machine Learning to Investigate Vertical Phase Separation of Small Molecule:Polymer Blend. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107596. [PMID: 34865268 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Solution-based thin-film processing is a widely utilized technique for the fabrication of various devices. In particular, the tunability of the ink composition and coating condition allows precise control of thin-film properties and device performance. Despite the advantage of having such tunability, the sheer number of possible combinations of experimental parameters render it infeasible to efficiently optimize device performance and analyze the correlation between experimental parameters and device performance. In this work, a microfluidic screening-embedded thin-film processing technique is developed, through which thin-films of varying ratios of small molecule semiconductor:polymer blend are simultaneously generated and screened in a time- and resource-efficient manner. Moreover, utilizing the thin-films of varying combinations of experimental parameters, machine learning models are trained to predict the transistor performance. Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) algorithms tuned by Bayesian optimization shows the best predictive accuracy amongst the trained models, which enables narrowing down of the combinations of experimental parameters and investigation of the degree of vertical phase separation under the predicted parameter space. The technique can serve as a guideline for elucidating the underlying complex parameter-property-performance correlations in solution-based thin-film processing, thereby accelerating the optimization of various thin-film devices in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Chan Lee
- Organic and nano electronics laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Seoul, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hee Woo
- Organic and nano electronics laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Seoul, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Jun Lee
- Organic and nano electronics laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Seoul, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Process, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejin Woo
- Organic and nano electronics laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Seoul, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyeok Baek
- Organic and nano electronics laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Seoul, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewook Nam
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Process, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Yong Sim
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Steve Park
- KI for Health Science and Technology, Saudi Aramco-KAIST CO2 Management Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Seoul, 34141, Republic of Korea
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9
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Lee JC, Seo H, Lee M, Kim D, Lee HS, Park H, Ball N, Woo J, Kim SY, Nam J, Park S. Investigation of the Effect of 3D Meniscus Geometry on Fluid Dynamics and Crystallization via In Situ Optical Microscopy-Assisted Mathematical Modeling. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2105035. [PMID: 34617325 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202105035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Solution-based thin-film solidification is a complex process involving various transport phenomena that are intricately dependent on multiple experimental parameters. The difficulty of analyzing this process experimentally or conducting exact numerical simulation make it challenging to understand, predict, and control the solidification process. In this work, a simple and effective technique to analyze the thin-film solidification process during solution shearing, based on 3D geometrical model of the meniscus, is proposed. The 3D meniscus geometry, which changes depending on the experimental parameters, is attained using high-speed side-view and top-view in situ microscopy. Thereafter, mass and momentum transport mathematical models are applied to obtain numerical solutions of transport phenomena within the meniscus. Utilizing these results, the underlying mechanism of dendritic growth of small molecule organic semiconductor is elucidated, which has previously been unknown. The 3D meniscus modeling is particularly important for this analysis, as dendrite formation is strongly dependent on the meniscus geometry near the contact line and mass transport variation perpendicular to the coating direction. This technique enables the study of complex relationship between experimental parameters and solidification process, which is widely applicable to various materials and coating systems; whereby, better understanding of thin-film growth and device performance optimization is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Chan Lee
- Organic and Nano Electronics Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeji Seo
- Organic and Nano Electronics Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Process, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongjae Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Process, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Seok Lee
- Organic and Nano Electronics Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunmin Park
- Organic and Nano Electronics Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Nathaniel Ball
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, 32611, USA
| | - Junhee Woo
- Organic and Nano Electronics Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Yeong Kim
- Organic and Nano Electronics Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewook Nam
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Process, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Steve Park
- Organic and Nano Electronics Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KI for Health Science and Technology, Saudi Aramco-KAIST CO2 Management Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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