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Chen H, Kan B, Wang P, Feng W, Li L, Zhang S, Chen T, Yang Y, Duan T, Yao Z, Li C, Wan X, Chen Y. Terminally Chlorinated and Thiophene-linked Acceptor-Donor-Acceptor Structured 3D Acceptors with Versatile Processability for High-efficiency Organic Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307962. [PMID: 37547954 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
To exploit the potential of our newly developed three-dimensional (3D) dimerized acceptors, a series of chlorinated 3D acceptors (namely CH8-3/4/5) were reported by precisely tuning the position of chlorine (Cl) atom. The introduction of Cl atom in central unit affects the molecular conformation. Whereas, by replacing fluorinated terminal groups (CH8-3) with chlorinated terminal groups (CH8-4 and CH8-5), the red-shift absorption and enhanced crystallization are achieved. Benefiting from these, all devices received promising power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) over 16 % as well as decent thermal/photo-stabilities. Among them, PM6:CH8-4 based device yielded a best PCE of 17.58 %. Besides, the 3D merits with multi alkyl chains enable their versatile processability during the device preparation. Impressive PCEs of 17.27 % and 16.23 % could be achieved for non-halogen solvent processable devices prepared in glovebox and ambient, respectively. 2.88 cm2 modules also obtained PCEs over 13 % via spin-coating and blade-coating methods, respectively. These results are among the best performance of dimerized acceptors. The decent performance of CH8-4 on small-area devices, modules and non-halogen solvent-processed devices highlights the versatile processing capability of our 3D acceptors, as well as their potential applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Bin Kan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Peiran Wang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Wanying Feng
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Longyu Li
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Shuchao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Tianqi Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yang Yang
- The Institute of Seawater Desalination and Multipurpose Utilization, Ministry of Natural Resources (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Tainan Duan
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Zhaoyang Yao
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiangjian Wan
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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New Non-Fullerene Acceptor with Extended Conjugation of Cyclopenta [2,1-b:3,4-b’] Dithiophene for Organic Solar Cells. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217615. [DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we design and characterize 9-heterocyclic ring non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) with the extended backbone of indacenodithiophene by cyclopenta [2,1-b:3,4-b’] dithiophene (CPDT). The planar conjugated CPDT donor enhances absorption by reducing vibronic transition and charge transport. Developed NFAs with different end groups shows maximum absorption at approximately 790–850 nm in film. Because of the electronegative nature of the end-group, the corresponding acceptors showed deeper LUMO energy levels and red-shifted ultraviolet absorption. We investigate the crystallinity, film morphology, surface energy, and electronic as well as photovoltaic performance. The organic photovoltaic cells using novel NFAs with the halogen end groups fluorine or chlorine demonstrate better charge collection and faster exciton dissociation than photovoltaic cells using NFAs with methyl or lacking a substituent. Photovoltaic devices constructed from m-Me-ITIC with various end groups deliver power conversion efficiencies of 3.6–11.8%.
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Lin YC, She NZ, Chen CH, Yabushita A, Lin H, Li MH, Chang B, Hsueh TF, Tsai BS, Chen PT, Yang Y, Wei KH. Perylene Diimide-Fused Dithiophenepyrroles with Different End Groups as Acceptors for Organic Photovoltaics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:37990-38003. [PMID: 35904802 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c06135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we synthesized four new A-DA'D-A acceptors (where A and D represent acceptor and donor chemical units) incorporating perylene diimide units (A') as their core structures and presenting various modes of halogenation and substitution of the functional groups at their end groups (A). In these acceptors, by fusing dithiophenepyrrole (DTP) moieties (D) to the helical perylene diimide dimer (hPDI) to form fused-hPDI (FhPDI) cores, we could increase the D/A' oscillator strength in the cores and, thus, the intensity of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), thereby enhancing the intensity of the absorption bands. With four different end group units─IC2F, IC2Cl, IO2F, and IO2Cl─tested, each of these acceptor molecules exhibited different optical characteristics. Among all of these systems, the organic photovoltaic device incorporating the polymer PCE10 blended with the acceptor FhPDI-IC2F (1:1.1 wt %) had the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.0%; the optimal PCEs of PCE10:FhPDI-IO2F, PCE10:FhPDI-IO2Cl, and PCE10:FhPDI-IC2Cl (1:1.1 wt %) devices were 5.2, 4.7, and 7.7%, respectively. The relatively high PCE of the PCE10:FhPDI-IC2F device resulted primarily from the higher absorption coefficients of the FhPDI-IC2F acceptor, lower energy loss, and more efficient charge transfer; the FhPDI-IC2F system experienced a lower degree of geminate recombination─as a result of improved delocalization of π-electrons along the acceptor unit─relative to that of the other three acceptors systems. Thus, altering the end groups of multichromophoric PDI units can increase the PCEs of devices incorporating PDI-derived materials and might also be a new pathway for the creation of other valuable fused-ring derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Che Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Nian-Zu She
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hao Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Atsushi Yabushita
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Heng Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Hua Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Bin Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Fang Hsueh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Shiun Tsai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Po-Tuan Chen
- Department of Vehicle Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Kung-Hwa Wei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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Ozcelik A, Aranda D, Pereira-Cameselle R, Talavera M, Covelo B, Santoro F, Peña-Gallego Á, Alonso-Gómez JL. ON/OFF Spiroconjugation through Peripheral Functionalization: Impact on the Reactivity and Chiroptical Properties of Spirobifluorenes. Chempluschem 2022; 87:e202100554. [PMID: 35415974 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Spirobifluorenes are an important class of spiro compounds frequently used in the field of organic electronics. However, harnessing spiroconjugation to obtain high-performance in such structural motifs remains unexplored. We herein propose that peripheral functionalization may serve as a useful tool to control spiroconjugation in an ON/OFF manner on both chemical reactivity and photophysical properties. In particular, the ratio of mono- and di-functionalized spirobifluorenes found experimentally during their synthesis were found to be 3/2, 7/2, and 12/2 for phenyl, nitro-phenyl and amino-phenyl analogues, respectively. These remarkable reactivity differences correlate with the spiroconjugation character evaluated theoretically at the CAM-B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level of theory. Additionally, comparison of experimental and predicted optical and chiroptical responses shows that spiroconjugated molecular orbitals have a significant or negligible involvement on the main electronic transitions depending on the peripheral functionality of the spirobifluorene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ani Ozcelik
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Vigo, Campus Universitario, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Daniel Aranda
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - María Talavera
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Berta Covelo
- CACTI (Centro de Apoyo Científico-Tecnológico a la Investigación), Universidad de Vigo, Campus Universitario, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Fabrizio Santoro
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ángeles Peña-Gallego
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Vigo, Campus Universitario, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - J Lorenzo Alonso-Gómez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Vigo, Campus Universitario, 36310, Vigo, Spain
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Liu X, Zhang Y, Wu J, Ma Y, Lau KKT, Fang J, Ma CQ, Lin Y. Simplified Synthetic Approach to Tetrabrominated Spiro-Cyclopentadithiophene and the Following Derivation to A-D-A Type Acceptor Molecules for Use in Polymer Solar Cells. J Org Chem 2022; 87:5057-5064. [PMID: 35333523 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
4,4'-Spiro-bis[cyclopenta[2,1-b;3,4-b']dithiophene] (SCT) is a versatile building block for constructing three-dimensional (3D) π-conjugated molecules for use in organic electronics. In this paper, we report a more convenient synthetic route to SCT and its derivatives, where a structurally symmetric 3,3'-dibromo-5,5'-bis(trimethylsilyl)-2,2'-bithiophene (2) serves as the precursor for both the synthesis of 4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b']dithiophen-4-one (4) and 4-(5,5'-bis(trimethylsilyl)-2,2'-bithiophen-3-yl)-2,6-bis(trimethylsilyl)-4-hydroxy-cyclopenta[2,1-b;3,4-b']dithiophene (5). The later one is the key intermediate for the final brominated SCT building block. Such a "two birds with one stone" strategy simplifies the synthetic approach to the SCT core. Functionalization on the SCT core with different terminal electron-deficient groups, including 1H-indene-1,3(2H)-dione (ID), 2-(3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ylidene)malononitrile (IC), and 2-(5,6-difluoro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ylidene)malononitrile (FIC), was carried out, yielding three spiro-conjugated A-D-A type molecules, SCT-(TID)4, SCT-(TIC)4, SCT-(TFIC)4, respectively. The optical spectroscopy and electrochemical properties of these three compounds were investigated and compared to the corresponding linear oligomers. Results revealed that the IC and TFIC terminated compounds showed low-lying HOMO/LUMO energy levels with reduced optical bandgap, making them more suitable for use in polymer solar cells. A power conversion efficiency of 3.73% was achieved for the SCT-(TFIC)4 based cell, demonstrating the application perspective of 3D molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 111 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215000, PR China
| | - Yuanxun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 111 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215000, PR China
| | - Jianchang Wu
- i-Lab & Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Yuchao Ma
- i-Lab & Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Kim K T Lau
- Department of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 111 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215000, PR China
| | - Jin Fang
- i-Lab & Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Chang-Qi Ma
- i-Lab & Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Yi Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 111 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215000, PR China
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Tan B, Ren J, Chen S, Ge Z, Lu X, Yang X, Liu N. A Spiro‐Containing 7‐Hydroxy‐Carbocoumarin: Facile Two‐Step Synthesis and Enhanced Long‐Wavelength Fluorescence Properties. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202100126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bojun Tan
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute Xi'an 710065 China
| | - Jiatong Ren
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute Xi'an 710065 China
| | - Shaoli Chen
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute Xi'an 710065 China
| | - Zhongxue Ge
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute Xi'an 710065 China
| | - Xianming Lu
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute Xi'an 710065 China
| | - Xiong Yang
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute Xi'an 710065 China
| | - Ning Liu
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute Xi'an 710065 China
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