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Li Q, Liu H, Wu F, Li L, Ye Y, Chen R. Recent Advances and Opportunities in Reactivating Inactive Lithium in Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404554. [PMID: 38563638 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The loss of active materials is one of the main culprits of the battery failures. As a typical example, the presence of inactive lithium, also known as "dead lithium", contributes to the rapid capacity deterioration and reduces energy output in lithium batteries. This phenomenon has long been recognized as irreversible. In this Minireview, the first of this kind, we aim to summarize the formation of inactive lithium and reassess its impact on battery performance metrics. Additionally, we explore various strategies that have been devised to rejuvenate inactive lithium. This comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in reactivating inactive lithium not only offers insights into restoring capacity and enhancing battery performance metrics but also provides a foundation for future research in reviving other inactive materials found in next-generation batteries, such as lithium metal batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, other alkali metal batteries, and liquid flow batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianya Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Advanced Technology Research Institute, Beijing Institute of Technology, Jinan, 250300, China
- Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhuhai, 519088, China
| | - Li Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Advanced Technology Research Institute, Beijing Institute of Technology, Jinan, 250300, China
- Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhuhai, 519088, China
| | - Yusheng Ye
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Advanced Technology Research Institute, Beijing Institute of Technology, Jinan, 250300, China
- Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhuhai, 519088, China
| | - Renjie Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Advanced Technology Research Institute, Beijing Institute of Technology, Jinan, 250300, China
- Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhuhai, 519088, China
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Wang Q, Sun Q, Pu Y, Sun W, Lin C, Duan X, Ren X, Lu L. Photo-Thermal Mediated Li-ion Transport for Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309501. [PMID: 38109067 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The development of lithium-based solid-state batteries (SSBs) has to date been hindered by the limited ionic conductivity of solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs), where nonsolvated Li-ions are difficult to migrate in a polymer framework at room temperature. Despite the improved cationic migration by traditional heating systems, they are far from practical applications of SSBs. Here, an innovative strategy of light-mediated energy conversion is reported to build photothermal-based SPEs (PT-SPEs). The results suggest that the nanostructured photothermal materials acting as a powerful light-to-heat converter enable heating within a submicron space, leading to a decreased Li+ migration barrier and a stronger solid electrolyte interface. Via in situ X-ray diffraction analysis and molecular dynamics simulation, it is shown that the generated heating effectively triggers the structural transition of SPEs from a highly crystalline to an amorphous state, that helps mediate lithium-ion transport. Using the assembled SSBs for exemplification, PT-SPEs function as efficient ion-transport media, providing outstanding capacity retention (96% after 150 cycles) and a stable charge/discharge capacity (140 mA g-1 at 1.0 C). Overall, the work provides a comprehensive picture of the Li-ion transport in solid polymer electrolytes and suggests that free volume may be critical to achieving high-performance solid-state batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Qi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yulai Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Chengjiang Lin
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Xiaozheng Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Lehui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
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