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Kumar P, Miura Y, Kotani Y, Sumiyoshiya A, Nakamura T, Shukla GK, Isogami S. Unconventional Spin-Orbit Torques by 2D Multilayered MXenes for Future Nonvolatile Magnetic Memories. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2025:e2500626. [PMID: 40370265 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202500626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2025] [Revised: 04/01/2025] [Indexed: 05/16/2025]
Abstract
MXenes have attracted attention in recent years owing to their 2D layered structures with various functionalities. To open a new application field for MXenes in the realm of electronic devices, such as ultrahigh-integrated magnetic memory, a spin-orbit torque (SOT) bilayer structure with MXene of Cr2N is developed: substrate//Cr2N/[Co/Pt]3/MgO using the magnetron sputtering technique. Field-free current-induced magnetization switching in the bilayer structure is demonstrated, regardless of the charge current directions with respect to the mirror symmetry lines of Cr2N crystal. This is a specific characteristic for the 2D MXene-based SOT-devices. As the SOT efficiency increases with increasing the Cr2N thickness, the first-principles calculations predict an intrinsic orbital-Hall conductivity with the dominant out-of-plane component, comparing to the spin-Hall conductivity in the Cr2N. X-ray magnetic circular dichroism reveals the out-of-plane uncompensated magnetic moment of Cr (m Cr UC . $m_{{\mathrm{Cr}}}^{{\mathrm{UC}}.}$ ) in the Cr2N layer at the interface, induced by contact with the Co in the [Co/Pt]3 ferromagnetic layer. Therefore, the intrinsic bulk orbital-Hall effect in MXene and the interfacial contribution such as spin-filtering-like effect owing tom Cr UC . $m_{{\mathrm{Cr}}}^{{\mathrm{UC}}.}$ are considered as possible major mechanisms for the unconventional out-of-plane SOT in the device, rather than a crystal symmetry and/or an interlayer exchange coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat Kumar
- Research Center for Magnetic and Spintronic Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Sengen 1-2-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan
| | - Yoshio Miura
- Research Center for Magnetic and Spintronic Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Sengen 1-2-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Hashikami-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kotani
- Photon Science Innovation Center (PhoSIC), Aoba 468-1, Aramaki-Aza, Aoba, Sendai, 980-0845, Japan
| | - Akiho Sumiyoshiya
- Photon Science Innovation Center (PhoSIC), Aoba 468-1, Aramaki-Aza, Aoba, Sendai, 980-0845, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Nakamura
- Photon Science Innovation Center (PhoSIC), Aoba 468-1, Aramaki-Aza, Aoba, Sendai, 980-0845, Japan
- International Center for Synchrotron Radiation Innovation Smart (SRIS), Tohoku University., Aoba 468-1, Aramaki-Aza, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Gaurav K Shukla
- Research Center for Magnetic and Spintronic Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Sengen 1-2-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan
| | - Shinji Isogami
- Research Center for Magnetic and Spintronic Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Sengen 1-2-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan
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2
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Shu F, Chen W, Chen Y, Liu G. 2D Atomic-Molecular Heterojunctions toward Brainoid Applications. Macromol Rapid Commun 2025; 46:e2400529. [PMID: 39101667 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Brainoid computing using 2D atomic crystals and their heterostructures, by emulating the human brain's remarkable efficiency and minimal energy consumption in information processing, poses a formidable solution to the energy-efficiency and processing speed constraints inherent in the von Neumann architecture. However, conventional 2D material based heterostructures employed in brainoid devices are beset with limitations, performance uniformity, fabrication intricacies, and weak interfacial adhesion, which restrain their broader application. The introduction of novel 2D atomic-molecular heterojunctions (2DAMH), achieved through covalent functionalization of 2D materials with functional molecules, ushers in a new era for brain-like devices by providing both stability and tunability of functionalities. This review chiefly delves into the electronic attributes of 2DAMH derived from the synergy of polymer materials with 2D materials, emphasizing the most recent advancements in their utilization within memristive devices, particularly their potential in replicating the functionality of biological synapses. Despite ongoing challenges pertaining to precision in modification, scalability in production, and the refinement of underlying theories, the proliferation of innovative research is actively pursuing solutions. These endeavors illuminate the vast potential for incorporating 2DAMH within brain-inspired intelligent systems, highlighting the prospect of achieving a more efficient and energy-conserving computing paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Shu
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Weilin Chen
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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3
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Tang R, Zhang H, Cheng YH. Tailoring Electronic and Magnetic Properties of YcoO 3 via Anharmonic Phononic Coupling and Vector Vortex Beam Interaction. J Phys Chem Lett 2025; 16:2815-2822. [PMID: 40062643 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5c00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2025]
Abstract
The ability to dynamically manipulate the optoelectronic and magnetic properties in functional materials under nonequilibrium conditions is essential for the advancement of quantum technologies and energy-related applications. Here, we demonstrate a novel method to regulate the optoelectronic and magnetic properties of YCoO3, a representative perovskite oxide, using ultrafast vortex laser pulses coupled with nonlinear phonon interactions. Vortex light, characterized by its helical phase front and topological charge, allows selective excitation of infrared phonon modes, enabling anisotropic lattice distortions and precise modulation of material properties. Based on three phonon couplings from B2u, B3u, and B1g, vortex light's angular momentum can alter spin polarization, inducing magnetic moments as high as 1.7 μB in YCoO3. Vortex light is a powerful tool for controlling nonlinear phonon dynamics and light-matter interactions, demonstrating effective manipulation of the optoelectronic and magnetic properties. It provides extraordinary means of developing advanced devices in quantum and optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Tang
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yi-Han Cheng
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
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4
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Tian Y, Liu H, Li J, Liu B, Liu F. Recent Developments of Advanced Broadband Photodetectors Based on 2D Materials. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2025; 15:431. [PMID: 40137604 PMCID: PMC11945223 DOI: 10.3390/nano15060431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2025] [Revised: 03/07/2025] [Accepted: 03/08/2025] [Indexed: 03/29/2025]
Abstract
With the rapid development of high-speed imaging, aerospace, and telecommunications, high-performance photodetectors across a broadband spectrum are urgently demanded. Due to abundant surface configurations and exceptional electronic properties, two-dimensional (2D) materials are considered as ideal candidates for broadband photodetection applications. However, broadband photodetectors with both high responsivity and fast response time remain a challenging issue for all the researchers. This review paper is organized as follows. Introduction introduces the fundamental properties and broadband photodetection performances of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), perovskites, topological insulators, graphene, and black phosphorus (BP). This section provides an in-depth analysis of their unique optoelectronic properties and probes the intrinsic physical mechanism of broadband detection. In Two-Dimensional Material-Based Broadband Photodetectors, some innovative strategies are given to expand the detection wavelength range of 2D material-based photodetectors and enhance their overall performances. Among them, chemical doping, defect engineering, constructing heterostructures, and strain engineering methods are found to be more effective for improving their photodetection performances. The last section addresses the challenges and future prospects of 2D material-based broadband photodetectors. Furthermore, to meet the practical requirements for very large-scale integration (VLSI) applications, their work reliability, production cost and compatibility with planar technology should be paid much attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Tian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, No. 11, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110819, China; (Y.T.); (J.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;
- Foshan Graduate School of Innovation, Northeastern University, No. 2, Zhihui Road, Shunde District, Foshan 528300, China
| | - Hao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;
| | - Jing Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, No. 11, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110819, China; (Y.T.); (J.L.)
- Foshan Graduate School of Innovation, Northeastern University, No. 2, Zhihui Road, Shunde District, Foshan 528300, China
| | - Baodan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, No. 11, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110819, China; (Y.T.); (J.L.)
- Foshan Graduate School of Innovation, Northeastern University, No. 2, Zhihui Road, Shunde District, Foshan 528300, China
| | - Fei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;
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Rezaei M, Abouie J, Nazari F. Enhancing magnetic coupling in MN 4-graphene via strain engineering. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2025. [PMID: 40025957 DOI: 10.1039/d5cp00248f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2025]
Abstract
MN4-embedded graphene (MN4-G) layers, with transition metal elements M, are experimentally accessible two-dimensional (2D) materials and show great potential for stable nanoscale magnetization. In these materials, the exchange couplings between magnetic atoms are predominantly governed by Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) coupling, exhibiting an unusual prolonged decay of r-n, where r is the M-M separation distance, and 0.5 ≤ n ≤ 2. In this paper, we explore the effects of induced strain on the electronic and magnetic properties of MN4-G layers through ab initio density functional theory. We employ a specific method to apply strain by positioning atoms from one layer within the equilibrium structure of another layer, thereby inducing strain in the form of either tension or compression. The induced strain results in an approximate ±0.4% variation in the unit-cell area of the MN4-G lattice. Our findings reveal that while the exchange coupling mechanism remains unaffected, the strength, amplitude, and decay rate of the RKKY coupling are significantly influenced by the induced strain. Notably, the CoN4-G layer exhibits a remarkable increase in the strength and oscillation amplitude of the RKKY coupling, along with a reduced decay rate. Additionally, the electronic and magnetic properties of the CuN4-G layers remain unchanged under induced strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Rezaei
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences, Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran.
| | - Jahanfar Abouie
- Department of Physics, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences, Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran.
| | - Fariba Nazari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences, Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran.
- Center of Climate Change and Global Warming, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences, Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
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6
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Katiyar AK, Ahn JH. Strain-Engineered 2D Materials: Challenges, Opportunities, and Future Perspectives. SMALL METHODS 2025; 9:e2401404. [PMID: 39623800 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202401404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2024] [Revised: 11/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2025]
Abstract
Strain engineering is a powerful strategy that can strongly influence and tune the intrinsic characteristics of materials by incorporating lattice deformations. Due to atomically thin thickness, 2D materials are excellent candidates for strain engineering as they possess inherent mechanical flexibility and stretchability, which allow them to withstand large strains. The application of strain affects the atomic arrangement in the lattice of 2D material, which modify the electronic band structure. It subsequently tunes the electrical and optical characteristics, thereby enhances the performance and functionalities of the fabricated devices. Recent advances in strain engineering strategies for large-area flexible devices fabricated with 2D materials enable dynamic modulation of device performance. This perspective provides an overview of the strain engineering approaches employed so far for straining 2D materials, reviewing their advantages and disadvantages. The effect of various strains (uniaxial, biaxial, hydrostatic) on the characteristics of 2D material is also discussed, with a particular emphasis on electronic and optical properties. The strain-inducing methods employed for large-area device applications based on 2D materials are summarized. In addition, the future perspectives of strain engineering in functional devices, along with the associated challenges and potential solutions, are also outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Kumar Katiyar
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyun Ahn
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
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7
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Mondal S, Basak D. Substrate-Induced Strain Upshot on the Optical and Optoelectronic Properties of Trilayer MoS 2. Chemphyschem 2025; 26:e202400829. [PMID: 39546389 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202400829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2024] [Revised: 11/12/2024] [Accepted: 11/15/2024] [Indexed: 11/17/2024]
Abstract
The characteristics of 2D layered MoS2 film are highly dependent on the substrate it is grown on which leaves us privileged to achieve unique and tunable properties. In this study, trilayer MoS2 films have been grown on fused quartz, crystalline quartz (z-cut), sapphire (0001), and silicon (100) substrates. MoS2 film grows as freestanding on amorphous fused quartz, while it experiences an in-plane tensile strain on the sapphire and silicon. Unprecedentedly we show that due to a large mismatch in the lattice parameter as well as in the thermal expansion coefficient, MoS2 grows with a significant compressive strain both along both in-plane on the crystalline quartz. The developed strain causes an alteration in its electronic structure, causing a 30 meV blue shift in the photoluminescence peak and an increased band gap in addition to fewer sulphur vacancies. Comparatively, the film on sapphire having tensile strain along the in-plane exhibits more sulphur vacancies increasing the electron density. The photoresponse time, photosensitivity, and charge separation distinctly vary for the MoS2 films depending on the substrates. This study underscores the influence of substrate on MoS2 film opening further research scopes on tunable properties owing to 2D layer-substrate interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Mondal
- School of Physical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Durga Basak
- School of Physical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
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8
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Zhao Z, Cao J, Zhu B, Li X, Zhou L, Su B. Recent Advances in MXene-Based Electrochemical Sensors. BIOSENSORS 2025; 15:107. [PMID: 39997009 PMCID: PMC11852424 DOI: 10.3390/bios15020107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2024] [Revised: 01/28/2025] [Accepted: 02/11/2025] [Indexed: 02/26/2025]
Abstract
MXene is a new family of two-dimensional nanomaterials with outstanding electrical conductivity, tunable structure, biocompatibility, and a large surface area. Thanks to these unique physicochemical properties, MXene has been used for constructing electrochemical sensors (MECSens) with excellent performance. In particular, the abundant surface termination of MXene can contribute to greatly enhancing the analytical sensitivity and selectivity of MECSens. Recently, MECSens have been widely applied in many fields including clinical diagnosis, infectious disease surveillance, and food security. However, not all MXene materials are suitable for building electrochemical sensors. In this article, we present an overview of different MECSens that have been developed so far. We begin with a short summary of the preparation and characterization of MECSens. Subsequently, the electrochemical performance, detection strategies, and application scenarios of MECSens are classified and briefly discussed. The article ends with a short conclusion and future perspectives. We hope this article will be helpful for designing and constructing MECSens with outstanding activity for electrochemical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Bin Su
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Z.Z.); (J.C.); (B.Z.); (X.L.); (L.Z.)
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9
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Debnath S, Dey S, Giri PK. Exploring Moiré Superlattices and Memristive Switching in Non-van der Waals Twisted Bilayer Bi 2O 2Se. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2025; 17:8219-8230. [PMID: 39844426 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c23080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2025]
Abstract
The discovery of moiré physics in two-dimensional (2D) materials has opened new avenues for exploring unique physical and chemical properties induced by intralayer/interlayer interactions. This study reports the experimental observation of moiré patterns in 2D bismuth oxyselenide (Bi2O2Se) nanosheets grown through one-pot chemical reaction methods and a sonication-assisted layer separations technique. Our findings demonstrate that these moiré patterns result from the angular stacking of the nanosheets at various twist angles, leading to the formation of moiré superlattices (MSLs) with distinct periodicities. The presence of these superlattices was confirmed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images. The observation of moiré patterns in 2D Bi2O2Se nanosheets highlights the potential of tuning the band structures of the non-van der Waals material and thus unlocking new material properties through precise control of intralayer/interlayer interactions. Furthermore, the stacked 2D Bi2O2Se nanosheets show interesting memristive switching characteristics, presenting a promising candidate for artificial synapses and neuromorphic computing. Traditional memristors typically utilize a vertical metal-insulator-metal (MIM) structure, which relies on the formation of conductive filaments for resistive switching (RS). This configuration, however, often results in abrupt switching during various cycles and significant variation from device to device. Herein, defective BOSe moiré material exhibits a nonfilamentary RS switching characteristic in a two-terminal lateral device configuration. This design reveals an RS mechanism driven by the modulation of the Schottky barrier height (SBH) due to the movement of Se vacancies (VSe) under an external electric field. The fabricated device exhibits excellent RS behavior, achieving an RS ratio of ∼20 with a high degree of control and consistency across multiple cycles and from device to device. Interestingly, the device shows a stable negative differential resistance effect in the high-voltage region due to the carrier trapping process. Finally, we studied the stability of the MSL in BOSe through TEM imaging and electrical characterization on different device configurations to evaluate the repeatability of the switching characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhankar Debnath
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Sourav Dey
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - P K Giri
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
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Wu X, Sun M, Yu H, Xing Z, Kou J, Liang S, Wang ZL, Huang B. Constructing the Dirac Electronic Behavior Database of Under-Stress Transition Metal Dichalcogenides for Broad Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2025; 37:e2416082. [PMID: 39763119 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202416082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2024] [Revised: 12/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2025]
Abstract
Discovering and utilizing the unique optoelectronic properties of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) is of great significance for developing next-generation electronic devices. In particular, research on Dirac state modulations of TMDCs under external strains is lacking. To fill this research gap, it has established a comprehensive database of 90 types of TMDCs and their response behaviors under external strains have been systematically investigated regarding the presence of Dirac cones and electronic structure evolutions. Among all the conditions, 27.3% of the TMDCs are Dirac materials with three distinct types of Dirac cones, which are mainly attributed to the electron localizations induced by external strains. TMDCs based on tellurides with 1H phase favor the formation of Dirac cones under stresses, leading to metallic-like properties and ultra-fast charge transportation. Correlations among Dirac cones, energy, electronic properties, and lattice structures have been revealed, offering critical references for modulating the properties of well-known TMDCs. More importantly, it has confirmed that the phase transition points are not sufficient for the appearance of Dirac cones. This work provides critical guidance to facilitate the development of TMDCs-based superconducting and optoelectronic devices for broad applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Mingzi Sun
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Haitao Yu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhiguo Xing
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiahao Kou
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shipeng Liang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Georgia, Georgia, 30332, USA
| | - Bolong Huang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
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11
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Liu Y, Zhi Y, Liu Q, Liu Y, Jiang X, Zhao J. Lattice thermal conductivity in CrSBr: the effects of interlayer interaction, magnetic ordering and external strain. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2025; 37:125701. [PMID: 39832447 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/adac22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2025] [Indexed: 01/22/2025]
Abstract
With the continuous development of digital information and big data technologies, the ambient temperature and heat generation during the operation of magnetic storage devices play an increasingly crucial role in ensuring data security and device stability. In this study, we conducted a thorough investigation on in-plane lattice thermal conductivity of the van der Waals (vdWs) magnetic semiconductor CrSBr from bulk to monolayer using first-principles calculations and phonon Boltzmann transport equation. Our findings indicated that CrSBr show strong anisotropic thermal transport behaviors and layer number and magnetic ordering dependent lattice thermal conductivity. The lowest thermal conductivity is observed in y direction of antiferromagnetic CrSBr bilayer at all temperatures. Through the analysis of phonon spectra, phonon lifetime, heat capacity, scattering probability, phonon-phonon interaction strength, we demonstrated that out of plane acoustic phonon modes soften, the shift of Cr-Br antisymmetrical stretching vibrations, and large phonon band gap are the main factors. These results offer a comprehensive insight into phonon transport phenomena in vdWs magnetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Ministry of Education), Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Yupeng Zhi
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, School of Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, Frontier Research Institute for Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinxi Liu
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, School of Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, Frontier Research Institute for Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinqiao Liu
- School of Science, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian 116028, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Jiang
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, School of Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, Frontier Research Institute for Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jijun Zhao
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, School of Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, Frontier Research Institute for Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
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12
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Xing W, Shao W, Li Y, Lin H, Han J, Zou L, Jia R, Wu G. Rapid Charge Transfer Endowed by Heteroatom Doped Z-Scheme Van Der Waals Heterojunction for Boosting Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2025:e2412036. [PMID: 39846823 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202412036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2024] [Revised: 01/13/2025] [Indexed: 01/24/2025]
Abstract
Constructing heterojunctions between phase interfaces represents a crucial strategy for achieving excellent photocatalytic performance, but the absence of sufficient interface driving force and limited charge transfer pathway leads to unsatisfactory charge separation processes. Herein, a doping-engineering strategy is introduced to construct a In─N bond-bridged In2S3 nanocluster modified S doped carbon nitride (CN) nanosheets Z-Scheme van der Waals (VDW) heterojunctions (In2S3/CNS) photocatalyst, and the preparation process just by one-step pyrolysis using the pre-coordination confinement method. Specifically, S atoms doping enhances the bond strength of In─N and forms high-quality interfacial In─N linkage which serves as the atomic-level interfacial "highway" for improving the interfacial electrons migration, decreasing the charge recombination probability. The detailed characterization results, along with theoretical calculations, confirm that both S atom incorporation and the formation of Z-Scheme VDW heterojunctions synergistically improve the internal electric field. This, in turn, accelerates charge separation and simultaneously enhances light absorption capacity. Consequently, the optimal hydrogen evolution performance of In₂S₃/CNS2 is 160.8 times greater than that of In₂S₃, 8.2 times higher than that of CNS. This study emphasizes the crucial role of atomic-scale interface regulation and intrinsic electric fields in Z-Scheme VDW heterojunctions, contributing to ameliorative photocatalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weinan Xing
- College of Ecology and Environment, Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
- National Positioning Observation Station of Hung-tse Lake Wetland Ecosystem in Jiangsu Province, Hongze, 223100, P. R. China
| | - Weifan Shao
- College of Ecology and Environment, Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
| | - Yingfu Li
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130023, P. R. China
| | - Huage Lin
- College of Ecology and Environment, Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
| | - Jiangang Han
- College of Ecology and Environment, Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
- National Positioning Observation Station of Hung-tse Lake Wetland Ecosystem in Jiangsu Province, Hongze, 223100, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213032, P. R. China
| | - Luyi Zou
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130023, P. R. China
| | - Ran Jia
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130023, P. R. China
| | - Guangyu Wu
- College of Ecology and Environment, Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
- National Positioning Observation Station of Hung-tse Lake Wetland Ecosystem in Jiangsu Province, Hongze, 223100, P. R. China
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13
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Hadke S, Kang MA, Sangwan VK, Hersam MC. Two-Dimensional Materials for Brain-Inspired Computing Hardware. Chem Rev 2025; 125:835-932. [PMID: 39745782 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2025]
Abstract
Recent breakthroughs in brain-inspired computing promise to address a wide range of problems from security to healthcare. However, the current strategy of implementing artificial intelligence algorithms using conventional silicon hardware is leading to unsustainable energy consumption. Neuromorphic hardware based on electronic devices mimicking biological systems is emerging as a low-energy alternative, although further progress requires materials that can mimic biological function while maintaining scalability and speed. As a result of their diverse unique properties, atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) materials are promising building blocks for next-generation electronics including nonvolatile memory, in-memory and neuromorphic computing, and flexible edge-computing systems. Furthermore, 2D materials achieve biorealistic synaptic and neuronal responses that extend beyond conventional logic and memory systems. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the growth, fabrication, and integration of 2D materials and van der Waals heterojunctions for neuromorphic electronic and optoelectronic devices, circuits, and systems. For each case, the relationship between physical properties and device responses is emphasized followed by a critical comparison of technologies for different applications. We conclude with a forward-looking perspective on the key remaining challenges and opportunities for neuromorphic applications that leverage the fundamental properties of 2D materials and heterojunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreyash Hadke
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Min-A Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Vinod K Sangwan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mark C Hersam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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14
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Chan JX, Wu S, Lee JK, Ma M, Zhang Z. Effect of Strain on the Photocatalytic Reaction of Graphitic Carbon Nitride: Insight from Single-Molecule Localization Microscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2025; 147:851-861. [PMID: 39692592 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c13707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2024]
Abstract
Strain engineering in two-dimensional nanomaterials holds significant potential for modulating the lattice and band structure, particularly through localized strain, which enables modulation at specific regions. Despite the remarkable effects of local strain, the relationships among local strain, spatial correlation of photogenerated charge carriers, and photocatalytic performance remain elusive. The current study coupled single-molecule localization microscopy with coordinate-based colocalization (CBC) analysis to explain these relationships. The methodology involved mapping the spatial distributions of photoinduced oxidation and reduction reaction sites across graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanosheets, quantifying and spatially resolving their spatial correlation, and also evaluating their photocatalytic activity. The study examined 65 individual g-C3N4 nanosheets, revealing interparticle and intraparticle heterogeneity, which was classified based on their CBC score distributions. Among the 65 g-C3N4 nanosheets, type A nanosheets predominated (45 out of 65) and demonstrated both correlated and noncorrelated subregions along some wrinkles. In contrast, type B nanosheets (20 out of 65) were primarily characterized by noncorrelated subregions with minimal correlated localizations. The coexistence of both noncorrelated and correlated subregions inferred the structure of the wrinkles as folding wrinkles, which have larger tensile-strained areas than rippling wrinkles. Folding wrinkles promote colocalization through the formation of type I band alignment at tensile-strained subregions. This band alignment also enhances photocatalytic activity through a funneling effect and improved light absorption, leading to higher specific activity in correlated subregions compared to noncorrelated ones. The role of strain-induced band alignment in modulating the spatial correlation of the photoredox reaction and the photocatalytic performance at the subregion level is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xin Chan
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Shuyang Wu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Jinn-Kye Lee
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Mingyu Ma
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Zhengyang Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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15
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Stroyuk O, Raievska O, Hauch J, Brabec CJ. Atomically thin 2D materials for solution-processable emerging photovoltaics. Chem Commun (Camb) 2025; 61:455-475. [PMID: 39641155 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc05133e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2024]
Abstract
Atomically thin 2D materials, such as graphene and graphene oxide, covalent organic frameworks, layered carbides, and metal dichalcogenides, reveal a unique variability of electronic and chemical properties, ensuring their prospects in various energy generation, conversion, and storage applications, including light harvesting in emerging photovoltaic (ePV) devices with organic and perovskite absorbers. Having an extremely high surface area, the 2D materials allow a broad variability of the bandgap and interband transition type, conductivity, charge carrier mobility, and work function through mild chemical modifications, external stimuli, or combination with other 2D species into van-der-Waals heterostructures. This review provides an account of the most prominent "selling points" of atomically thin 2D materials as components of ePV solar cells, including highly tunable charge extraction selectivity and work function, structure-directing and stabilizing effects on halide perovskite light absorbers, as well as broad adaptability of 2D materials to solution-based manufacturing of ePV solar cells using sustainable and upscalable printing technologies. A special focus is placed on the large potential of the materials discovery and design of ePV functionalities based on van-der-Waals stacking of atomically thin 2D building blocks, which can open a vast compositional domain of new materials navigable with machine-learning-based accelerated materials screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Stroyuk
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz-Institut Erlangen Nürnberg für Erneuerbare Energien (HI ERN), 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Oleksandra Raievska
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz-Institut Erlangen Nürnberg für Erneuerbare Energien (HI ERN), 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Jens Hauch
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz-Institut Erlangen Nürnberg für Erneuerbare Energien (HI ERN), 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph J Brabec
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz-Institut Erlangen Nürnberg für Erneuerbare Energien (HI ERN), 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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16
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Hu X, He W, Wang D, Chen L, Fan X, Ling D, Bi Y, Wu W, Ren S, Rong P, Zhang Y, Han Y, Wang J. Recent progress in two-dimensional Bi 2O 2Se and its heterostructures. NANOSCALE 2025; 17:661-686. [PMID: 39584808 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr03769c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2024]
Abstract
Ever since the identification of graphene, research on two-dimensional (2D) materials has garnered significant attention. As a typical layered bismuth oxyselenide, Bi2O2Se has attracted growing interest not only due to its conventional thermoelectricity but also because of the excellent optoelectronic properties found in the 2D limit. Moreover, 2D Bi2O2Se exhibits remarkable properties, including high carrier mobility, air stability, tunable band gap, unique defect characteristics, and favorable mechanical properties. These properties make it a promising candidate for next-generation electronic and optoelectronic devices, such as logic devices, photodetectors, sensors, energy technologies, and memory devices. However, despite significant progress, there are still challenges that must be addressed for widespread commercial use. This review provides an overview of progress in Bi2O2Se research. We start by introducing the crystal structure and physical properties of Bi2O2Se and a compilation of methods for modulating its physical properties is further outlined. Then, a series of methods for synthesizing high-quality 2D Bi2O2Se are summarized and compared. We next focus on the advancements made in the practical applications of Bi2O2Se in the fields of field-effect transistors (FETs), photodetectors, neuromorphic computing and optoelectronic synapses. As heterostructures induce a new degree of freedom to modulate the properties and broaden applications, we especially discuss the heterostructures and corresponding applications of Bi2O2Se integrated with 0D, 1D and 2D materials, providing insights into constructing heterojunctions and enhancing device performance. Finally, the development prospects for Bi2O2Se and future challenges are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
| | - Wen He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
| | - Dongbo Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
| | - Lei Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
| | - Xiangqian Fan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
| | - Duoduo Ling
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
| | - Yanghao Bi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
| | - Wei Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
| | - Shuai Ren
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
| | - Ping Rong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
| | - Yinze Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
| | - Yajie Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
| | - Jinzhong Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Welding and Joining of Materials and Structures, Harbin, 150001, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Quantum Functional Materials and Sensor Devices, Harbin 150001, China
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17
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Kumar K, de Leeuw NH, Adam J, Mishra AK. Strain-induced bandgap engineering in 2D ψ-graphene materials: a first-principles study. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 15:1440-1452. [PMID: 39600520 PMCID: PMC11590022 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.15.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 10/23/2024] [Indexed: 11/29/2024]
Abstract
High mechanical strength, excellent thermal and electrical conductivity, and tunable properties make two-dimensional (2D) materials attractive for various applications. However, the metallic nature of these materials restricts their applications in specific domains. Strain engineering is a versatile technique to tailor the distribution of energy levels, including bandgap opening between the energy bands. ψ-Graphene is a newly predicted 2D nanosheet of carbon atoms arranged in 5,6,7-membered rings. The half and fully hydrogenated (hydrogen-functionalized) forms of ψ-graphene are called ψ-graphone and ψ-graphane. Like ψ-graphene, ψ-graphone has a zero bandgap, but ψ-graphane is a wide-bandgap semiconductor. In this study, we have applied in-plane and out-of-plane biaxial strain on pristine and hydrogenated ψ-graphene. We have obtained a bandgap opening (200 meV) in ψ-graphene at 14% in-plane strain, while ψ-graphone loses its zero-bandgap nature at very low values of applied strain (both +1% and -1%). In contrast, fully hydrogenated ψ-graphene remains unchanged under the influence of mechanical strain, preserving its initial characteristic of having a direct bandgap. This behavior offers opportunities for these materials in various vital applications in photodetectors, solar cells, LEDs, pressure and strain sensors, energy storage, and quantum computing. The mechanical strain tolerance of pristine and fully hydrogenated ψ-graphene is observed to be -17% to +17%, while for ψ-graphone, it lies within the strain span of -16% to +16%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Kumar
- Department of Physics, Applied Science Cluster, School of Advanced Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Bidholi via Premnagar, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India
| | - Nora H de Leeuw
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
- Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CB Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jost Adam
- Computational Materials and Photonics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (FB 16) and Institue of Physics (FB 10), University of Kassel, Wilhelmshöher Allee 71, 34121 Kassel, Germany
- Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Abhishek Kumar Mishra
- Department of Physics, Applied Science Cluster, School of Advanced Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Bidholi via Premnagar, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India
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18
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Tawfik SA. Frustrated van der Waals heterostructures. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:20484-20488. [PMID: 39420645 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr03416c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2024]
Abstract
Geometrical frustration results from the packing of constituents in a lattice, where the constituents have conflicting forces. The phenomenon is known in glass materials, and this work expands the concept of geometrical frustration into the realm of van der Waals two-dimensional materials. Using density functional theory with the r2SCAN + rVV10 exchange-correlation potential, we find a number of two-dimensional heterostructures with alternating strains, where one layer is strained and the adjacent layer is compressed. We adopted three structural stability criteria to find synthesisable candidate materials: phonon dispersion of the individual layers, comparing the thermodynamic stability of this class of materials, frustrated van der Waals heterostructures, with the non-frustrated counterparts, and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. These criteria were applied to 7 frustrated van der Waals heterostructures, identifying one material that is potentially stable. We discuss possible fabrication pathways for creating this class of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Abdulkader Tawfik
- Applied Artificial Intelligence Institute, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia.
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19
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Wu H, Li Y, Li H, Wu F, Li L, Xu X, Gao Y. Compressively Strained Fe 3O 4 in Core-Shell Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalyst Boosts Zinc-Air Battery Performance. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2404065. [PMID: 38949396 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202404065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Fe3O4 is barely taken into account as an electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), an important reaction for metal-air batteries and fuel cells, due to its sluggish catalytic kinetics and poor electron conductivity. Herein, how strain engineering can be employed to regulate the local electronic structure of Fe3O4 for high ORR activity is reported. Compressively strained Fe3O4 shells with 2.0% shortened Fe─O bond are gained on the Fe/Fe4N cores as a result of lattice mismatch at the interface. A downshift of the d-band center occurs for compressed Fe3O4, leading to weakened chemisorption energy of oxygenated intermediates, and lower reaction overpotential. The compressed Fe3O4 exhibits greatly enhanced electrocatalytic ORR activity with a kinetic current density of 27 times higher than that of pristine one at 0.80 V (vs reversible hydrogen electrode), as well as potential application in zinc-air batteries. The findings provide a new strategy for tuning electronic structures and improving the catalytic activity of other metal catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihua Wu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Yudan Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Haobo Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Feng Wu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Lihong Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Yunfang Gao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
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20
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Jiménez-Arévalo N, Mariani C, Leardini F, Pandolfi F, Rago I, Frisenda R. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of high-throughput mechanically exfoliated van der Waals materials. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:17559-17566. [PMID: 39225626 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr02882a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is a widely used and easy accessible characterisation technique for investigating the chemical composition of materials. However, investigating the composition of van der Waals (vdW) flakes by XPS is challenging due to the typical spot size of XPS setups compared to the dimensions of the flakes, which are usually one thousand times smaller than the spot size. In this work, we demonstrate the feasibility of quantitative elemental analysis of vdW materials by using high-throughput mechanical exfoliations, which favour the coverage of arbitrary substrates with flakes of areas of the order of the cm2 using minimal quantities of materials (about 10 μg). We have analysed the chemical composition of MoS2, graphite, WSe2 and FePS3. The high-resolution measurement of their main core levels through XPS demonstrates the absence of significant contamination during the transfer method. In the case of air-sensitive FePS3, the glove box fabrication and its degradation in air are discussed. Overall, this research opens the possibility of evaluating the purity of commercial or lab-synthesized flakes and paves the way towards a more systematic comparison between the composition of vdW materials produced and used among different laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlo Mariani
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", 00185, Rome, Italy.
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrice Leardini
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesco Pandolfi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Rago
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Frisenda
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", 00185, Rome, Italy.
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21
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Yan X, Wang J, Liu Y, Yang G. Janus Cr 2BN Monolayer with Ferroelectricity and Room-Temperature Ferromagnetism. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202400538. [PMID: 38805005 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202400538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Janus monolayers, a special kind of two-dimensional materials, offer an exciting platform for the development of novel electronic/spintronic devices because of their out-of-plane asymmetry. Herein, we propose a sandwich liked Janus tetragonal Cr2BN monolayer with ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism through first-principles calculations. The predicted magnetic moment is up to ~3.0 μB/Cr originating from the distorted square crystal field induced by out-of-plane asymmetry. The Cr2BN monolayer possesses an intrinsic ferromagnetism with a high Curie temperature of 383 K and a sizeable magnetic anisotropy energy of 171 μeV/Cr. Its robust ferromagnetism, dominating by the multi-anion mediated super-exchange interactions, can even resist -5 % ~5 % biaxial strain. Its large cohesive energy and high dynamical/thermal stability provide a strong feasibility for experimental synthesis. These intriguing properties render the Cr2BN monolayer a promising material for nanoscale spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science & Technology and Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Junyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science & Technology and Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Yong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science & Technology and Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Guochun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science & Technology and Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology of Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
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22
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Suk SH, Nah S, Sajjad M, Seo SB, Chen J, Sim S. Sub-picosecond, strain-tunable, polarization-selective optical switching via anisotropic exciton dynamics in quasi-1D ZrSe 3. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:240. [PMID: 39237511 PMCID: PMC11377565 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01585-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
In cutting-edge optical technologies, polarization is a key for encoding and transmitting vast information, highlighting the importance of selectively switching and modulating polarized light. Recently, anisotropic two-dimensional materials have emerged for ultrafast switching of polarization-multiplexed optical signals, but face challenges with low polarization ratios and limited spectral ranges. Here, we apply strain to quasi-one-dimensional layered ZrSe3 to enhance polarization selectivity and tune operational energies in ultrafast all-optical switching. Initially, transient absorption on unstrained ZrSe3 reveals a sub-picosecond switching response in polarization along a specific crystal axis, attributed to shifting-recovery dynamics of an anisotropic exciton. However, its polarization selectivity is weakened by a slow non-excitonic response in the perpendicular polarization. To overcome this limitation, we apply strain to ZrSe3 by bending its flexible substrate. The compressive strain spectrally decouples the excitonic and non-excitonic components, doubling the polarization selectivity of the sub-picosecond switching and tripling it compared to that in the tensile-strained ZrSe3. It also effectively tunes the switching energy at a shift rate of ~93 meV %-1. This strain-tunable switching is repeatable, reversible, and robustly maintains the sub-picosecond operation. First-principles calculations reveal that the strain control is enabled by momentum- and band-dependent modulations of the electronic band structure, causing opposite shifts in the excitonic and non-excitonic transitions. Our findings offer a novel approach for high-performance, wavelength-tunable, polarization-selective ultrafast optical switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Ho Suk
- School of Electrical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Sanghee Nah
- Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Muhammad Sajjad
- Nottingham Ningbo China Beacons of Excellence Research and Innovation Institute, University of Nottingham, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbonaceous Wastes Processing and Process Intensification Research of Zhejiang Province, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, China
| | - Sung Bok Seo
- School of Electrical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Jianxiang Chen
- School of Electrical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Sangwan Sim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, South Korea.
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23
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Nitika, Arora S, Ahlawat DS. Mechanical strain effect on the optoelectronic properties and photocatalysis applications of layered AlN/GaN nanoheterostructure. J Mol Model 2024; 30:309. [PMID: 39138708 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-06103-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT The aim of this work is to use first principles calculations to examine the effects of different mechanical strains on the optoelectronic and photocatalytic capabilities of the 2D/2D nanoheterostructure of AlN/GaN. By utilizing the lmBJ (Meta-GGA) and PBEsol (GGA) functional, the bandgap of the nanoheterostructure is calculated and found to be 4.89 eV and 3.24 eV. Simulated 2D AlN/GaN nanoheterostructure exhibits exceptional optical and electronic characteristics under applied biaxial tensile and compressive strains. The band gap changes from 4.89 to 3.77 eV, while the energy gap nature transitions from direct to indirect during tensile strain fluctuations of 0% to 8%. Strain is also found to have a significant effect on the optical absorption peaks. And a 0-8% rise in tensile strain causes the initial absorption peak of the 2D AlN/GaN nanoheterostructure to shift from 4.88 to 4.20 eV, which results in a 14% red shift in photon energy for every 2% change in strain. Furthermore, the optimum bandgap and band edge positions of the 2D AlN/GaN nanoheterostructure enable the water redox process to produce hydrogen and oxygen for wide range of pH. Thus, modification via strain may be an effective method for altering the optical as well as electronic characteristics of a 2D AlN/GaN nanoheterostructure, and this study may pave the way for new applications of this material in optoelectronic devices in the future. METHODS In the current work, density functional theory is used to explore every attribute of the 2D AlN/GaN nanoheterostructure. To characterize the electronic exchange-correlation, we used the PBEsol functional. In order to prevent any interlayer contact between periodicity of images, a vacuum is produced along the z-direction of approximately 10 Å. To increase the precision of bandgap prediction, the electronic and optical characteristics were computed using the meta-GGA lmBJ functional. To account for interlayer van der Waals interactions, nanoheterostructure computations were performed using the DFT-D3 functional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitika
- Department of Physics, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa, 125055, (Hry.), India
| | - Sandeep Arora
- Department of Physics, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa, 125055, (Hry.), India
- Govt. Model Skt. Sen. Sec. School, Rania, 125076, Sirsa, India
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24
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Mukherjee S, Badhulika S. WSe 2/chitosan-based wearable multi-functional platform for monitoring electrophysiological signals, pulse rate, respiratory rate, and body movements. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:514. [PMID: 39105930 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06595-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
A cleanroom free optimized fabrication of a low-cost facile tungsten diselenide (WSe2) combined with chitosan-based hydrogel device is reported for multifunctional applications including tactile sensing, pulse rate monitoring, respiratory rate monitoring, human body movements detection, and human electrophysiological signal detection. Chitosan being a natural biodegradable, non-toxic compound serves as a substrate to the semiconducting WSe2 electrode which is synthesized using a single step hydrothermal technique. Elaborate characterization studies are performed to confirm the morphological, structural, and electrical properties of the fabricated chitosan/WSe2 device. Chitosan/WSe2 sensor with copper contacts on each side is put directly on skin to capture human body motions. The resistivity of the sample was calculated as 26 kΩ m-1. The device behaves as an ultrasensitive pressure sensor for tactile and arterial pulse sensing with response time of 0.9 s and sensitivity of around 0.02 kPa-1. It is also capable for strain sensing with a gauge factor of 54 which is significantly higher than similar other reported electrodes. The human body movements sensing can be attributed to the piezoresistive character of WSe2 that originates from its non-centrosymmetric structure. Further, the sensor is employed for monitoring respiratory rate which measures to 13 counts/min for healthy individual and electrophysiological signals like ECG and EOG which can be used later for detecting numerous pathological conditions in humans. Electrophysiological signal sensing is carried out using a bio-signal amplifier (Bio-Amp EXG Pill) connected to Arduino. The skin-friendly, low toxic WSe2/chitosan dry electrodes pave the way for replacing wet electrodes and find numerous applications in personalized healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuvam Mukherjee
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Programs, Integrated Sensor Systems, Indian Institute of Technology-Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, India
| | - Sushmee Badhulika
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Programs, Integrated Sensor Systems, Indian Institute of Technology-Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, India.
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, India.
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25
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Gao W, Zhi G, Zhou M, Niu T. Growth of Single Crystalline 2D Materials beyond Graphene on Non-metallic Substrates. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2311317. [PMID: 38712469 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The advent of 2D materials has ushered in the exploration of their synthesis, characterization and application. While plenty of 2D materials have been synthesized on various metallic substrates, interfacial interaction significantly affects their intrinsic electronic properties. Additionally, the complex transfer process presents further challenges. In this context, experimental efforts are devoted to the direct growth on technologically important semiconductor/insulator substrates. This review aims to uncover the effects of substrate on the growth of 2D materials. The focus is on non-metallic substrate used for epitaxial growth and how this highlights the necessity for phase engineering and advanced characterization at atomic scale. Special attention is paid to monoelemental 2D structures with topological properties. The conclusion is drawn through a discussion of the requirements for integrating 2D materials with current semiconductor-based technology and the unique properties of heterostructures based on 2D materials. Overall, this review describes how 2D materials can be fabricated directly on non-metallic substrates and the exploration of growth mechanism at atomic scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Gao
- Tianmushan Laboratory, Hangzhou, 310023, China
- Hangzhou International Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou, 311115, China
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | | | - Miao Zhou
- Tianmushan Laboratory, Hangzhou, 310023, China
- Hangzhou International Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou, 311115, China
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Tianchao Niu
- Hangzhou International Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou, 311115, China
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26
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Cui Q, Gao Y, Wen Q, Wang T, Ren X, Cheng L, Bai M, Cheng C. Tunable Structured 2D Nanobiocatalysts: Synthesis, Catalytic Properties and New Horizons in Biomedical Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2311584. [PMID: 38566551 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
2D materials have offered essential contributions to boosting biocatalytic efficiency in diverse biomedical applications due to the intrinsic enzyme-mimetic activity and massive specific surface area for loading metal catalytic centers. Since the difficulty of high-quality synthesis, the varied structure, and the tough choice of efficient surface loading sites with catalytic properties, the artificial building of 2D nanobiocatalysts still faces great challenges. Here, in this review, a timely and comprehensive summarization of the latest progress and future trends in the design and biotherapeutic applications of 2D nanobiocatalysts is provided, which is essential for their development. First, an overview of the synthesis-structure-fundamentals and structure-property relationships of 2D nanobiocatalysts, both metal-free and metal-based is provided. After that, the effective design of the active sites of nanobiocatalysts is discussed. Then, the progress of their applied research in recent years, including biomedical analysis, biomedical therapeutics, pharmacokinetics, and toxicology is systematically highlighted. Finally, future research directions of 2D nanobiocatalysts are prospected. Overall, this review to provide cutting-edge and multidisciplinary guidance for accelerating future developments and biomedical applications of 2D nanobiocatalysts is expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Cui
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yang Gao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
- Department of Endodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research, Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qinlong Wen
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xiancheng Ren
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Oral Diseases, The Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Mingru Bai
- Department of Endodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research, Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chong Cheng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
- Department of Endodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research, Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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27
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Yu C, Cao J, Zhu S, Dai Z. Preparation and Modeling of Graphene Bubbles to Obtain Strain-Induced Pseudomagnetic Fields. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2889. [PMID: 38930258 PMCID: PMC11204662 DOI: 10.3390/ma17122889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
It has been both theoretically predicted and experimentally demonstrated that strain can effectively modulate the electronic states of graphene sheets through the creation of a pseudomagnetic field (PMF). Pressurizing graphene sheets into bubble-like structures has been considered a viable approach for the strain engineering of PMFs. However, the bubbling technique currently faces limitations such as long manufacturing time, low durability, and challenges in precise control over the size and shape of the pressurized bubble. Here, we propose a rapid bubbling method based on an oxygen plasma chemical reaction to achieve rapid induction of out-of-plane deflections and in-plane strains in graphene sheets. We introduce a numerical scheme capable of accurately resolving the strain field and resulting PMFs within the pressurized graphene bubbles, even in cases where the bubble shape deviates from perfect spherical symmetry. The results provide not only insights into the strain engineering of PMFs in graphene but also a platform that may facilitate the exploration of the strain-mediated electronic behaviors of a variety of other 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanli Yu
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (C.Y.); (J.C.)
| | - Jiacong Cao
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (C.Y.); (J.C.)
| | - Shuze Zhu
- Center for X-Mechanics, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Institute of Applied Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China;
| | - Zhaohe Dai
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (C.Y.); (J.C.)
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28
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Sun Y, Ellis A, Diaz S, Li W, Miao M. Constructing Tunable Electrides on Monolayer Transition Metal Dichalcogenides. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:6174-6182. [PMID: 38836596 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Electrides have emerged as promising materials with exotic properties due to the presence of localized electrons detached from all atoms. Despite the continuous discovery of many new electrides, most of them are based on atypical compositions, and their applications require an inert surface structure to passivate reactive excess electrons. Here, we demonstrate a different route to attain tunable electrides. We first report that monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) exhibit weak electride characteristics, which is the remainder of the electride feature of the transition metal sublattice. By introducing chalcogen vacancies, the enhanced electride characteristics are comparable to those of known electrides. Since the precise tailoring of the chalcogen vacancy concentration has been achieved experimentally, we proposed that TMDCs can be used to build electrides with controllable intensities. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the electride states at the chalcogen vacancy of monolayer TMDCs will play an important role in catalyzing hydrogen evolution reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhui Sun
- Suzhou Laboratory, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Northridge, Northridge, California 91330, United States
| | - Austin Ellis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Northridge, Northridge, California 91330, United States
| | - Saul Diaz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Northridge, Northridge, California 91330, United States
| | - Wei Li
- Suzhou Laboratory, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
- Gusu Laboratory of Materials, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Maosheng Miao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Northridge, Northridge, California 91330, United States
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29
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Nitika, Ahlawat DS, Arora S. Meta-GGA study of 2D AlN/BN planer heterostructure and performance enhancement via strain engineering. J Mol Model 2024; 30:144. [PMID: 38653800 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-05948-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT The 2D AlN/BN planer heterostructure is a promising wide band gap semiconductor, but systematic studies of its bandgap and optical characteristics under applied strain are scarce. Here, the engineering property of 2D AlN/BN comprising bandgap nature transition and optical absorption capability (from unstrained to strained) have been investigated using density functional theory calculations. The formation energy calculations confirm the stability of the simulated nanoheterostructure. The electronic band structure calculations demonstrate that nanoheterostructure is an indirect bandgap material with a large bandgap of 5.26 eV, which can be modified effectively by applying strain. According to the calculations, the transition from indirect to direct band gap behavior has been observed at +15% biaxial strain with 2.71 eV band gap energy. Meanwhile, calculations for optical absorption and dielectric function reveal that the system has significant absorption peaks in the ultraviolet region which are very sensitive to applied strain. As strain increases, the first absorption peaks are shifted towards a lower energy range from 5.73 eV (Ꜫ= 0 %) to 3.76 eV (Ꜫ = +15%), which features an enhancement of optical absorption for solar and solar-blind regions. Furthermore, we determined that the band edge positions in 2D AlN/BN straddled the water redox potential under strain, indicating its effectiveness as a proficient photocatalyst. These characteristics make 2D AlN/BN planer nanoheterostructure a promising candidate for applications in optoelectronics and photocatalytic water splitting performance. METHODS First principles computations based on density functional theory were employed to carry out all the calculations with a self-consistent approach. For solving the Kohn-Sham equations, the first principles dependent full-potential linearized augmented plane wave scheme were adopted. For addressing the exchange-correlation effects, the generalized gradient approximation of PBEsol functional was used. To prevent interaction between the periodic images, we have inserted a vacuum region of 10 Å in the z-direction. Non-negligible weak dispersion corrections in nanoheterostructure were considered by using the DFT-D3 method of Grimme's. The locally modified Becke-Johnson (lmBJ) exchange potential has also been applied to compute electronic and optical properties in this research to obtain more accurate information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitika
- Department of Physics, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa, 125055(Hry.), India
| | | | - Sandeep Arora
- Department of Physics, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa, 125055(Hry.), India
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30
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Sadique MA, Yadav S, Khan R, Srivastava AK. Engineered two-dimensional nanomaterials based diagnostics integrated with internet of medical things (IoMT) for COVID-19. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:3774-3828. [PMID: 38433614 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00719g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
More than four years have passed since an inimitable coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic hit the globe in 2019 after an uncontrolled transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The occurrence of this highly contagious respiratory infectious disease led to chaos and mortality all over the world. The peak paradigm shift of the researchers was inclined towards the accurate and rapid detection of diseases. Since 2019, there has been a boost in the diagnostics of COVID-19 via numerous conventional diagnostic tools like RT-PCR, ELISA, etc., and advanced biosensing kits like LFIA, etc. For the same reason, the use of nanotechnology and two-dimensional nanomaterials (2DNMs) has aided in the fabrication of efficient diagnostic tools to combat COVID-19. This article discusses the engineering techniques utilized for fabricating chemically active E2DNMs that are exceptionally thin and irregular. The techniques encompass the introduction of heteroatoms, intercalation of ions, and the design of strain and defects. E2DNMs possess unique characteristics, including a substantial surface area and controllable electrical, optical, and bioactive properties. These characteristics enable the development of sophisticated diagnostic platforms for real-time biosensors with exceptional sensitivity in detecting SARS-CoV-2. Integrating the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) with these E2DNMs-based advanced diagnostics has led to the development of portable, real-time, scalable, more accurate, and cost-effective SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic platforms. These diagnostic platforms have the potential to revolutionize SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis by making it faster, easier, and more accessible to people worldwide, thus making them ideal for resource-limited settings. These advanced IoMT diagnostic platforms may help with combating SARS-CoV-2 as well as tracking and predicting the spread of future pandemics, ultimately saving lives and mitigating their impact on global health systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Abubakar Sadique
- CSIR - Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal 462026, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shalu Yadav
- CSIR - Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal 462026, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Raju Khan
- CSIR - Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal 462026, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Avanish K Srivastava
- CSIR - Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal 462026, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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31
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Ahmad W, Rehman MU, Pan L, Li W, Yi J, Wu D, Lin X, Mu H, Lin S, Zhang J, Yang M, Wang Z, Liang Q. Ultrasensitive Near-Infrared Polarization Photodetectors with Violet Phosphorus/InSe van der Waals Heterostructures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:19214-19224. [PMID: 38581080 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR) polarization photodetectors with two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors and their van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures have presented great impact for the development of a wide range of technologies, such as in the optoelectronics and communication fields. Nevertheless, the lack of a photogenerated charge carrier at the device's interface leads to a poor charge carrier collection efficiency and a low linear dichroism ratio, hindering the achievement of high-performance optoelectronic devices with multifunctionalities. Herein, we present a type-II violet phosphorus (VP)/InSe vdW heterostructure that is predicted via density functional theory calculation and confirmed by Kelvin probe force microscopy. Benefiting from the type-II band alignment, the VP/InSe vdW heterostructure-based photodetector achieves excellent photodetection performance such as a responsivity (R) of 182.8 A/W, a detectivity (D*) of 7.86 × 1012 Jones, and an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 11,939% under a 1064 nm photon excitation. Furthermore, the photodetection performance can be enhanced by manipulating the device geometry by inserting a few layers of graphene between the VP and InSe (VP/Gr/InSe). Remarkably, the VP/Gr/InSe vdW heterostructure shows a competitive polarization sensitivity of 2.59 at 1064 nm and can be integrated as an image sensor. This work demonstrates that VP/InSe and VP/Gr/InSe vdW heterostructures will be effective for promising integrated NIR optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqas Ahmad
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, P. R. China
| | - Majeed Ur Rehman
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, P. R. China
| | - Liang Pan
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Li
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, P. R. China
| | - Jianxian Yi
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, P. R. China
| | - Dongming Wu
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, P. R. China
| | - Xiankai Lin
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, P. R. China
| | - Haoran Mu
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, P. R. China
| | - Shenghuang Lin
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, P. R. China
| | - Jinying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy (CNRE), School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Zhiming Wang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Qijie Liang
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, P. R. China
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32
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Nitika, Ahlawat DS, Arora S. Ab-initio study of strain-tunable g-GaN/BN nanoheterostructure for optoelectronic and photocatalytic applications. J Mol Model 2024; 30:128. [PMID: 38598043 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-05927-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Two-dimensional (2D) nanoheterostructures of materials, integrating various phase or materials into a single nanosheet have stimulated large-scale research interest for designing novel two dimensional devices. In contemporary analysis present work, we examined the structural and electronic properties of the isolated 2D BN and GaN monolayers. We have investigated the structural stability and optoelectronic and photocatalytic response of the g-GaN/BN nanoheterostructure along with its response to strain. Nanoheterostructure g-GaN/BN is predicted to be a direct bandgap semiconductor with wide gap of 4.45 eV, whose value can be effectively modulated by applied strain ( ϵ ) , ranging from 4.55 ( ϵ = - 4%) to 3.58 eV ( ϵ = 8%). We also discovered that the tensile strain of 8% can substantially tune the direct bandgap of nanoheterostructure to indirect band gap nature. Even more important, the biaxial tensile strain engineering accentuates an enhancement of optical absorption in the UV region, broadening the light harvesting of the g-GaN/BN nanoheterostructure with the shifting of first absorption peak from 4.64 ( ϵ = - 4%) to 3.71 eV ( ϵ = 8%). Furthermore, strain-tuned band edge potentials arrangement perfectly fits the water reduction and oxidation redox potentials. Our findings portend that the g-GaN/BN nanoheterostructure has application in prospective nanoscale optoelectronic devices and photocatalytic hydrogen evolution system. METHODS First principles calculations in this study are performed using density functional theory. Generalized gradient approximation within PBEsol functional employed to address the electron-electron exchange-correlation effects. For avoiding periodic interactions between the layers, we have inserted a vacuum region of thickness 10 Å in the z-direction. For ensuring the convergence accuracy of the computed results, convergence criteria of the iteration process is set to be 0.0001 eV. Local modified Becke-Johnson, a semi local functional, is applied for calculating electronic and optical properties for more accuracy of results. As in layered 2D nanoheterostructure, a factual depiction of the van der Waals interactions cannot be provided by conventional DFT techniques. Accordingly, in order to incorporate these interactions, we had employed the dispersion correction method of Grimme's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitika
- Department of Physics, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa-125055 (Hry.), India
| | | | - Sandeep Arora
- Department of Physics, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa-125055 (Hry.), India
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33
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Wu X, Qi L, Iqbal MA, Dai S, Weng X, Wu K, Kang C, Li Z, Zhao D, Tang W, Zhuge F, Zhai T, Ruan S, Zeng YJ. Revealing Strong Flexoelectricity and Optoelectronic Coupling in 2D Ferroelectric CuInP 2S 6 Via Large Strain Gradient. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:14038-14046. [PMID: 38445951 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The interplay between flexoelectric and optoelectronic characteristics provides a paradigm for studying emerging phenomena in various 2D materials. However, an effective way to induce a large and tunable strain gradient in 2D devices remains to be exploited. Herein, we propose a strategy to induce large flexoelectric effect in 2D ferroelectric CuInP2S6 by constructing a 1D-2D mixed-dimensional heterostructure. The strong flexoelectric effect is induced by enormous strain gradient up to 4.2 × 106 m-1 resulting from the underlying ZnO nanowires, which is further confirmed by the asymmetric coercive field and the red-shift in the absorption edge. The induced flexoelectric polarization efficiently boosts the self-powered photodetection performance. In addition, the improved photoresponse has a good correlation with the induced strain gradient, showing a consistent size-dependent flexoelectric effect. The mechanism of flexoelectric and optoelectronic coupling is proposed based on the Landau-Ginzburg-Devonshire double-well model, supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. This work provides a brand-new method to induce a strong flexoelectric effect in 2D materials, which is not restricted to crystal symmetry and thus offers unprecedented opportunities for state-of-the-art 2D devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Lu Qi
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Precision Manufacturing Technology of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Ahsan Iqbal
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Sichao Dai
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoliang Weng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Kewen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Chenxu Kang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Zelong Li
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Duo Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Wei Tang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Fuwei Zhuge
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, P. R. China
| | - Tianyou Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, P. R. China
| | - Shuangchen Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Precision Manufacturing Technology of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Jia Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
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Chen K, Yan X, Deng J, Bo C, Song M, Kan D, He J, Huo W, Liu JZ. Out-of-plane pressure and electron doping inducing phase and magnetic transitions in GeC/CrS 2/GeC van der Waals heterostructure. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:3693-3700. [PMID: 38288860 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05610d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Out-of-plane pressure and electron doping can affect interlayer interactions in van der Waals materials, modifying their crystal structure and physical and chemical properties. In this study, we used magnetic monolayer 1T/1T'-CrS2 and high symmetry 2D-honeycomb material GeC to construct a GeC/CrS2/GeC triple layered van der Waals heterostructure (vdWH). Based on density functional theory calculations, we found that applying out-of-plane strain and doping with electrons could induce a 1T'-to-1T phase transition and consequently the ferromagnetic (FM)-to-antiferromagnetic (AFM) transition in the CrS2 layer. Such a phase and magnetic transition arises from the pressure and electron-induced interlayer interaction enhancement. The electron doping can effectively decrease the critical compressive stress from ∼4.3 GPa (charge neutrality) to ∼664 MPa (Q = 9 × 10-3 e- per atom) for the FM-to-AFM transition. These properties could be used to fabricate and program the 2D lateral FM/AFM heterostructures for artificial controlled spin texture and miniaturized spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyun Chen
- Advanced Materials Research Central, Northwest Institute for Nonferrous Metal Research, Xi'an 710016, China
| | - Xue Yan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Junkai Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Cunle Bo
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Mengshan Song
- Advanced Materials Research Central, Northwest Institute for Nonferrous Metal Research, Xi'an 710016, China
| | - Dongxiao Kan
- Advanced Materials Research Central, Northwest Institute for Nonferrous Metal Research, Xi'an 710016, China
| | - Jiabei He
- Advanced Materials Research Central, Northwest Institute for Nonferrous Metal Research, Xi'an 710016, China
| | - Wangtu Huo
- Advanced Materials Research Central, Northwest Institute for Nonferrous Metal Research, Xi'an 710016, China
| | - Jefferson Zhe Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
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35
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Fan D, Ozcan A, Lyu P, Maurin G. Unravelling abnormal in-plane stretchability of two-dimensional metal-organic frameworks by machine learning potential molecular dynamics. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:3438-3447. [PMID: 38265127 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05966a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) hold immense potential for various applications due to their distinctive intrinsic properties compared to their 3D analogues. Herein, we designed a highly stable NiF2(pyrazine)2 2D MOF in silico with a two-dimensional periodic wine-rack architecture. Extensive first-principles calculations and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations based on a newly developed machine learning potential (MLP) revealed that this 2D MOF exhibits huge in-plane Poisson's ratio anisotropy. This results in anomalous negative in-plane stretchability, as evidenced by an uncommon decrease in its in-plane area upon the application of uniaxial tensile strain, which makes this 2D MOF particularly attractive for flexible wearable electronics and ultra-thin sensor applications. We further demonstrated the unique capability of MLP to accurately predict the finite-temperature properties of MOFs on a large scale, exemplified by MLP-MD simulations with a dimension of 28.2 × 28.2 nm2, relevant to the length scale experimentally attainable for the fabrication of MOF films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Fan
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, 34095, France.
| | - Aydin Ozcan
- TUBİTAK Marmara Research Center, Materials Technologies, Gebze, Kocaeli, 41470, Turkey
| | - Pengbo Lyu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Thin Film Materials and Devices, School of Material Sciences and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Guillaume Maurin
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, 34095, France.
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36
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Zhou H, Gao L, He S, Zhang Y, Geng J, Lu J, Cai J. Effects of strain and thickness on the mechanical, electronic, and optical properties of Cu 2Te. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:5429-5437. [PMID: 38275021 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04356h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional transition-metal chalcogenides (TMCs) have attracted considerable attention because of their exceptional photoelectric properties, finding applications in diverse fields such as photovoltaics, lithium-ion batteries, catalysis, and energy conversion and storage. Recently, experimentally fabricated monolayers of semiconducting Cu2Te have emerged as intriguing materials with outstanding thermal and photoelectric characteristics. In this study, we employ first-principles calculations to investigate the mechanical, electronic, and optical properties of monolayer Cu2Te exhibiting both λ and ζ structures, considering the effects of thickness and strain. The calculations reveal the robust mechanical stability of λ-Cu2Te and ζ-Cu2Te under varying thickness and strain conditions. By applying -5% to +5% strain, the band gaps can be modulated, with ζ-Cu2Te exhibiting an indirect-to-direct transition at a biaxial strain of +5%. In addition, a semiconductor-to-metal transition is observed for both ζ-Cu2Te and λ-Cu2Te with increasing thickness. The absorption spectra of λ-Cu2Te and ζ-Cu2Te exhibit a redshift with an increase in the number of layers. These computational insights into Cu2Te provide valuable information for potential applications in nano-electromechanical systems, optoelectronics, and photocatalytic devices and may guide subsequent experimental research efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangjing Zhou
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China.
| | - Lei Gao
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Shihao He
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China.
| | - Jianqun Geng
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China.
| | - Jianchen Lu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China.
| | - Jinming Cai
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China.
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37
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Kandybka I, Groven B, Medina Silva H, Sergeant S, Nalin Mehta A, Koylan S, Shi Y, Banerjee S, Morin P, Delabie A. Chemical Vapor Deposition of a Single-Crystalline MoS 2 Monolayer through Anisotropic 2D Crystal Growth on Stepped Sapphire Surface. ACS NANO 2024; 18:3173-3186. [PMID: 38235963 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Recently, a step-flow growth mode has been proposed to break the inherent molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) crystal domain bimodality and yield a single-crystalline MoS2 monolayer on commonly employed sapphire substrates. This work reveals an alternative growth mechanism during the metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) of a single-crystalline MoS2 monolayer through anisotropic 2D crystal growth. During early growth stages, the epitaxial symmetry and commensurability of sapphire terraces rather than the sapphire step inclination ultimately govern the MoS2 crystal orientation. Strikingly, as the MoS2 crystals continue to grow laterally, the sapphire steps transform the MoS2 crystal geometry into diamond-shaped domains presumably by anisotropic diffusion of ad-species and facet development. Even though these MoS2 domains nucleate on sapphire with predominantly bimodal 0 and 60° azimuthal rotation, the individual domains reach lateral dimensions of up to 200 nm before merging seamlessly into a single-crystalline MoS2 monolayer upon coalescence. Plan-view transmission electron microscopy reveals the single-crystalline nature across 50 μm by 50 μm inspection areas. As a result, the median carrier mobility of MoS2 monolayers peaks at 25 cm2 V-1 s-1 with the highest value reaching 28 cm2 V-1 s-1. This work details synthesis-structure correlations and the possibilities to tune the structure and material properties through substrate topography toward various applications in nanoelectronics, catalysis, and nanotechnology. Moreover, shape modulation through anisotropic growth phenomena on stepped surfaces can provide opportunities for nanopatterning for a wide range of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna Kandybka
- imec, Kapeldreef 75, Leuven 3001, Belgium
- Department of Chemistry KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | - Serkan Koylan
- imec, Kapeldreef 75, Leuven 3001, Belgium
- Quantum Solid State Physics KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Annelies Delabie
- imec, Kapeldreef 75, Leuven 3001, Belgium
- Department of Chemistry KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven 3001, Belgium
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38
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Chen X, Zhang X, Xiang G. Recent advances in two-dimensional intrinsic ferromagnetic materials Fe 3X( X=Ge and Ga)Te 2 and their heterostructures for spintronics. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:527-554. [PMID: 38063022 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04977a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Owing to their atomic thicknesses, atomically flat surfaces, long-range spin textures and captivating physical properties, two-dimensional (2D) magnetic materials, along with their van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs), have attracted much interest for the development of next-generation spin-based materials and devices. As an emergent family of intrinsic ferromagnetic materials, Fe3X(X=Ge and Ga)Te2 has become a rising star in the fields of condensed matter physics and materials science owing to their high Curie temperature and large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Herein, we aim to comprehensively summarize the recent progress on 2D Fe3X(X=Ge and Ga)Te2 and their vdWHs and provide a panorama of their physical properties and underlying mechanisms. First, an overview of Fe3X(X=Ge and Ga)Te2 is presented in terms of crystalline and electronic structures, distinctive physical properties and preparation methods. Subsequently, the engineering of electronic and spintronic properties of Fe3X(X=Ge and Ga)Te2 by diverse means, including strain, gate voltage, substrate and patterning, is surveyed. Then, the latest advances in spintronic devices based on 2D Fe3X(X=Ge and Ga)Te2 vdWHs are discussed and elucidated in detail, including vdWH devices that exploit the exchange bias effect, magnetoresistance effect, spin-orbit torque effect, magnetic proximity effect and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. Finally, the future outlook is given in terms of efficient large-scale fabrication, intriguing physics and important technological applications of 2D Fe3X(X=Ge and Ga)Te2 and their vdWHs. Overall, this study provides an overview to support further studies of emergent 2D Fe3X(X=Ge and Ga)Te2 materials and related vdWH devices for basic science and practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Chen
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Xi Zhang
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Gang Xiang
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
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39
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Xiong J, Gong Q, Feng T, Wang M, Zhang X, Liu G, Qiao G, Xu Z. Enhance Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Performance via Double-Stacked Edges of Black Phosphorene. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:21115-21127. [PMID: 38063020 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Based on the density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we explored the structures and HER catalytic properties of reconstructed and double-stacked black phosphorene (BP) edges. Ten bilayer BP edges were constructed by the double stacking of three typical monolayer edges, i.e., zigzag (ZZ) edge, armchair (AC) edge, skewed diagonal (SD) edge, and their reconstructed derivatives with their layer's configurations, edge deformations and thermodynamic stabilities were discussed. Based on these edges, five chemical sites on four bilayer BP edges were selected to be promising candidates for a HER catalyst, which present higher HER activities than that of Pt(111). Besides, among these four edges, two edges have even lower energetic barriers for the Tafel reaction. Compared with the monolayer edges, these selected bilayer BP edges confirm the remarkable enhancement of the HER catalytic properties, which can be attributed to their unique edge structures and the enhanced electronic densities after the hydrogen adsorptions. Finally, the thermostability of these edges at room temperature has also been proved by the DFT-MD simulations. This theoretic study deepens our fundamental understanding of the double-stacked edge structures of the BP and provides a new way for the rational design of highly efficient and noble-metal-free HER catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianling Xiong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Gong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P.R. China
| | - Tianliang Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P.R. China
| | - Mingsong Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P.R. China
| | - Xiuyun Zhang
- College of Physics Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Guiwu Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P.R. China
| | - Guanjun Qiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P.R. China
| | - Ziwei Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P.R. China
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40
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Sukhanova EV, Popov ZI. Band alignment type I, II transformations in Hf 2CO 2/MoS 2 heterostructures using biaxial strain, external electric field, and interlayer coupling: a first principal investigation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:32062-32070. [PMID: 37982202 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04546c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
The transition to neuromorphic devices is relevant to the development of materials capable of providing electronic switching in response to external stimuli. In the present work, the Hf2CO2/MoS2 heterostructure under biaxial strain, interlayer coupling, and an electric field was investigated by first-principles calculations based on density functional theory. We have shown that the influence of lateral deformation as well as the perpendicular external electric field is more significant compared to the influence of external vertical pressure on changes in the heterojunction type of heterostructure. The lateral stretching leads to a type-I and lateral compression results in a type-II heterojunction, and an external electric field also has an effect on heterojunction type. The combination of these impacts can tune the Hf2CO2/MoS2 heterostructure. The current work suggests a compelling way to make type-I and type-II heterostructure types consisting of Hf2CO2 and MoS2 monolayers for new nanodevices in fields like photonics, electronics, optoelectronic and neuromorphic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina V Sukhanova
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics RAS, 119334, 4 Kosigin st., Moscow, Russia.
| | - Zakhar I Popov
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics RAS, 119334, 4 Kosigin st., Moscow, Russia.
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41
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Naumis GG, Herrera SA, Poudel SP, Nakamura H, Barraza-Lopez S. Mechanical, electronic, optical, piezoelectric and ferroic properties of strained graphene and other strained monolayers and multilayers: an update. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2023; 87:016502. [PMID: 37879327 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ad06db] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
This is an update of a previous review (Naumiset al2017Rep. Prog. Phys.80096501). Experimental and theoretical advances for straining graphene and other metallic, insulating, ferroelectric, ferroelastic, ferromagnetic and multiferroic 2D materials were considered. We surveyed (i) methods to induce valley and sublattice polarisation (P) in graphene, (ii) time-dependent strain and its impact on graphene's electronic properties, (iii) the role of local and global strain on superconductivity and other highly correlated and/or topological phases of graphene, (iv) inducing polarisationPon hexagonal boron nitride monolayers via strain, (v) modifying the optoelectronic properties of transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers through strain, (vi) ferroic 2D materials with intrinsic elastic (σ), electric (P) and magnetic (M) polarisation under strain, as well as incipient 2D multiferroics and (vii) moiré bilayers exhibiting flat electronic bands and exotic quantum phase diagrams, and other bilayer or few-layer systems exhibiting ferroic orders tunable by rotations and shear strain. The update features the experimental realisations of a tunable two-dimensional Quantum Spin Hall effect in germanene, of elemental 2D ferroelectric bismuth, and 2D multiferroic NiI2. The document was structured for a discussion of effects taking place in monolayers first, followed by discussions concerning bilayers and few-layers, and it represents an up-to-date overview of exciting and newest developments on the fast-paced field of 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo G Naumis
- Departamento de Sistemas Complejos, Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Apdo. Postal 20-364, CDMX, 01000, Mexico
| | - Saúl A Herrera
- Departamento de Sistemas Complejos, Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Apdo. Postal 20-364, CDMX, 01000, Mexico
| | - Shiva P Poudel
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States of America
- MonArk NSF Quantum Foundry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States of America
| | - Hiro Nakamura
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States of America
- MonArk NSF Quantum Foundry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States of America
| | - Salvador Barraza-Lopez
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States of America
- MonArk NSF Quantum Foundry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States of America
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42
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Pramadewandaru RK, Lee YW, Hong JW. Synergistic effect of bimetallic Pd-Pt nanocrystals for highly efficient methanol oxidation electrocatalysts. RSC Adv 2023; 13:27046-27053. [PMID: 37693086 PMCID: PMC10486200 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04837c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal nanocrystals (NCs) with controlled compositional and distributional structures have gained increasing attention due to their unique properties and broad applications, particularly in fuel cell systems. However, despite the significant importance of composition in metal NCs and their electrocatalytic behavior, comprehensive investigations into the relationship between atomic distribution and electrocatalytic activity remain scarce. In this study, we present the development of four types of nanocubes with similar sizes and controlled compositions (Pd-Pt alloy, Pd@Pt core-shell, Pd, and Pt) to investigate their influence on electrocatalytic performance for methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). The electrocatalytic activity and stability of these nanocubes exhibited variations based on their compositional structures, potentially affecting the interaction between the surface-active sites of the nanocrystals and reactive molecules. As a result, leveraging the synergistic effect of their alloy nanostructure, the Pd-Pt alloy nanocubes exhibited exceptional performance in MOR, surpassing the catalytic activity of other nanocubes, including Pd@Pt core-shell nanocubes, monometallic Pd and Pt nanocubes, as well as commercial Pd/C and Pt/C catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Young Wook Lee
- Department of Education Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Jinju 52828 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Wook Hong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan Ulsan 44776 Republic of Korea
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43
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Zhang X, He T, Liu Y, Dai X, Liu G, Chen C, Wu W, Zhu J, Yang SA. Magnetic Real Chern Insulator in 2D Metal-Organic Frameworks. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:7358-7363. [PMID: 37535707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Real Chern insulators have attracted great interest, but so far, their material realization is limited to nonmagnetic crystals and systems without spin-orbit coupling. Here, we reveal the magnetic real Chern insulator (MRCI) state in a recently synthesized metal-organic framework material Co3(HITP)2. Its ground state with in-plane ferromagnetic ordering hosts a nontrivial real Chern number, enabled by the C2zT symmetry and robustness against spin-orbit coupling. Distinct from previous nonmagnetic examples, the topological corner zero modes of MRCIs are spin-polarized. Furthermore, under small tensile strains, the material undergoes a topological phase transition from the MRCI to a magnetic double-Weyl semimetal phase, via a pseudospin-1 critical state. Similar physics can also be found in closely related materials Mn3(HITP)2 and Fe3(HITP)2, which also exist. Possible experimental detections and implications of an emerging magnetic flat band in the system are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Tingli He
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Xuefang Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Guodong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Cong Chen
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- HKU-UCAS Joint Institute of Theoretical and Computational Physics at Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Weikang Wu
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Jiaojiao Zhu
- Research Laboratory for Quantum Materials, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Shengyuan A Yang
- Research Laboratory for Quantum Materials, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
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44
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Ren H, Xiang G. Strain Engineering of Intrinsic Ferromagnetism in 2D van der Waals Materials. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2378. [PMID: 37630963 PMCID: PMC10459406 DOI: 10.3390/nano13162378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the low-temperature, long-range ferromagnetic order in monolayers Cr2Ge2Te6 and CrI3, many efforts have been made to achieve a room temperature (RT) ferromagnet. The outstanding deformation ability of two-dimensional (2D) materials provides an exciting way to mediate their intrinsic ferromagnetism (FM) with strain engineering. Here, we summarize the recent progress of strain engineering of intrinsic FM in 2D van der Waals materials. First, we introduce how to explain the strain-mediated intrinsic FM on Cr-based and Fe-based 2D van der Waals materials through ab initio Density functional theory (DFT), and how to calculate magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) and Curie temperature (TC) from the interlayer exchange coupling J. Subsequently, we focus on numerous attempts to apply strain to 2D materials in experiments, including wrinkle-induced strain, flexible substrate bending or stretching, lattice mismatch, electrostatic force and field-cooling. Last, we emphasize that this field is still in early stages, and there are many challenges that need to be overcome. More importantly, strengthening the guideline of strain-mediated FM in 2D van der Waals materials will promote the development of spintronics and straintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Ren
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Hunan Road No. 1, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Gang Xiang
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Wangjiang Road No. 29, Chengdu 610064, China
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Yang F, Hu P, Yang FF, Chen B, Yin F, Sun R, Hao K, Zhu F, Wang K, Yin Z. Emerging Enhancement and Regulation Strategies for Ferromagnetic 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenides. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023:e2300952. [PMID: 37178366 PMCID: PMC10375142 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDs) present promising applications in various fields such as electronics, optoelectronics, memory devices, batteries, superconductors, and hydrogen evolution reactions due to their regulable energy band structures and unique properties. For emerging spintronics applications, materials with excellent room-temperature ferromagnetism are required. Although most transition metal compounds do not possess room-temperature ferromagnetism on their own, they are widely modified by researchers using the emerging strategies to engineer or modulate their intrinsic properties. This paper reviews recent enhancement approaches to induce magnetism in 2D TMDs, mainly using doping, vacancy defects, composite of heterostructures, phase modulation, and adsorption, and also by electron irradiation induction, O plasma treatment, etc. On this basis, the produced effects of these methods for the introduction of magnetism into 2D TMDs are compressively summarized and constructively discussed. For perspective, research on magnetic doping techniques for 2D TMDs materials should be directed toward more reliable and efficient directions, such as exploring advanced design strategies to combine dilute magnetic semiconductors, antiferromagnetic semiconductors, and superconductors to develop new types of heterojunctions; and advancing experimentation strategies to fabricate the designed materials and enable their functionalities with simultaneously pursuing the upscalable growth methods for high-quality monolayers to multilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- School of Metallurgy Engineering, State Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Functional Materials Processing, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Ping Hu
- School of Metallurgy Engineering, State Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Functional Materials Processing, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Fairy Fan Yang
- School of Metallurgy Engineering, State Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Functional Materials Processing, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Bo Chen
- School of Metallurgy Engineering, State Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Functional Materials Processing, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Fei Yin
- School of Metallurgy Engineering, State Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Functional Materials Processing, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Ruiyan Sun
- School of Metallurgy Engineering, State Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Functional Materials Processing, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Ke Hao
- School of Metallurgy Engineering, State Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Functional Materials Processing, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Fei Zhu
- School of Metallurgy Engineering, State Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Functional Materials Processing, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Kuaishe Wang
- School of Metallurgy Engineering, State Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Functional Materials Processing, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Zongyou Yin
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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Chen D, Wang L, Lv Y, Liao L, Li K, Jiang C. Insights into electronic properties of strained two-dimensional semiconductors by out-of-plane bending. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2023; 35:284001. [PMID: 37040788 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/accbf6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Strain engineering is an important strategy to modulate the electronic and optical properties of two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors. In experiments, an effective and feasible method to induce strains on 2D semiconductors is the out-of-plane bending. However, in contrast to the in-plane methods, it will generate a combined strain effect on 2D semiconductors, which deserves further explorations. In this work, we theoretically investigate the carrier transport-related electronic properties of arsenene, antimonene, phosphorene, and MoS2under the out-of-plane bending. The bending effect can be disassembled into the in-plane and out-of-plane rolling strains. We find that the rolling always degrades the transport performance, while the in-plane strain could boost carrier mobilities by restraining the intervalley scattering. In other words, pursuing the maximum in-plane strain at the expense of minimum rolling should be the primary strategy to promote transports in 2D semiconductors through bending. Electrons in 2D semiconductors usually suffer from the serious intervalley scattering caused by optical phonons. The in-plane strain can break the crystal symmetry and separate nonequivalent energy valleys at band edges energetically, confining carrier transports at the Brillouin zone Γ point and eliminating the intervalley scattering. Investigation results show that the arsenene and antimonene are suitable for the bending technology, because of their small layer thicknesses which can relieve the rolling burden. Their electron and hole mobilities can be doubled simultaneously, compared with their unstrained 2D structures. From this study, the rules for the out-of-plane bending technology towards promoting transport abilities in 2D semiconductors are obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daohong Chen
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Leixi Wang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Yawei Lv
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Liao
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Semiconductors (College of Integrated Circuits), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Kenli Li
- College of Information Science and Engineering, National Supercomputing Center in Changsha, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Changzhong Jiang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
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Pandey M, Ahuja R, Kumar R. Hoop compression driven instabilities in spontaneously formed multilayer graphene blisters over a polymeric substrate. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 34:175301. [PMID: 36584389 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acaf33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The blistering of elastic membranes is prone to elastic-solid as well as substrate-based mechanical instabilities. The solid-based instabilities have been well-explored in the mechanically indented blisters of elastic membranes over the rigid/solid substrates, but an integrated study illustrating the underlying mechanism for the onset of solid as well as substrate-based instabilities in the spontaneous blistering of a 2D material is still lacking in the literature. In this article, an extensive experimental as well as analytical analysis of the spontaneous blister-formation in the multilayer graphene (MLG) flakes over a polymeric substrate is reported, which elucidates the involved mechanism and the governing parameters behind the development of elastic-solid as well as viscoelastic-substrate based instabilities. Herein, a 'blister-collapse model' is proposed, which infers that the suppression of the hoop compression, resulting from the phase-transition of the confined matter, plays a crucial role in the development of the instabilities. The ratio of blister-height to flake-thickness is a direct consequence of the taper-angle of the MLG blister and the thickness-dependent elasticity of the upper-bounding MLG flake, which shows a significant impact on the growth-dynamics of the viscous fingering pattern (viscoelastic-substrate based instability) under the MLG blister.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Pandey
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab-140001, India
| | - Rajeev Ahuja
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab-140001, India
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala-75120, Sweden
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab-140001, India
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